accreting white dwarfs - institute for nuclear theory · 2010-08-13 · accreting white dwarfs...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Piro ‘05
Accreting White Dwarfs
Donor star of pure He
White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon
![Page 2: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Path to Dynamical Helium Shells The radial expansion of the convective region allows the pressure at the base to drop. For low shell masses, this quenches burning. For a massive shell, however, the heating timescale set by nuclear reactions:
will become less than the dynamical time,
So that the heat cannot escape during the burn, potentially triggering a detonation of the helium shell. This condition sets a minimum shell mass.
![Page 3: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nucleosynthesis
Sugimoto et al (1983)
![Page 4: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Radioactive Decay Chains
![Page 5: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Shock (blue arrow) goes into the C/O and a He detonation (red arrow) moves outward. The shocked C/O under the layer is not ignited. Underlying WD remains unless converging shocks detonate it (see Livne & Glasner; Fink, Roepke & Hillebrandt ‘07)
Sample Detonation
Shen et al ‘10
![Page 6: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• The 0.02-0.1M ignition masses only burns the helium, which leaves the WD at 10,000 km/sec, leading to brief events
• The radioactive decays of the freshly synthesized 48Cr (1.3 d), 52Fe (0.5 d) and 56Ni (8.8 d) will provide power on this short timescale!!
L. B., Shen, Weinberg & Nelemans ’07 Shen et al 2010
.Ia Supernovae*
*Thanks to Chris Stubbs for the name
x10
![Page 7: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Faint and Fast Events!!!
Shen et al ‘09
![Page 8: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2002bj: Poznanski et al. ‘09
![Page 9: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fink shock plots Fi
nk, H
illeb
rand
t and
Rop
ke 2
007
![Page 10: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fink shock plots Fi
nk, H
illeb
rand
t and
Rop
ke 2
007
![Page 11: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Back to Core Collapse Events�from stars > 10 times that of the
Sun
![Page 12: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Onion • The shells of matter get ejected, enriching the matter between stars.
• These events make most of the elements like Carbon, Oxygen, Silicon. . . But only some of the Iron.
• The remnant left from the collapse is either a Neutron Star or a Black Hole.
![Page 13: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What’s special with 1051 ergs?
Woosley and Weaver 1995
![Page 14: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HW: Neutron Stars. . .
• Calculate the radius of a one solar mass object with a density of 1 baryon/fm3
• What’s the gravitational binding energy of such an object?
![Page 15: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
HW Problem
• Presuming a fixed total energy of the shock, and that all energy is in radiation, what’s the Temperature of the shocked volume when the shock is at radius R?
![Page 19: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Blast Waves
Woosley and Weaver 1995
![Page 20: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Resulting Dominant Abundances
Woosley and Weaver 1995
![Page 21: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Luminosity Estimate • The luminosity is
• During the adiabatic phase, T goes like 1/R, giving
• This provides an excellent estimate for the peak luminosity of Type IIP SNe (~1043 erg s-1 ) where Ro is large for red giants.
![Page 22: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Type IIP Supernovae: Analytics vs. Numerics and Observations
Kasen & Woosley ‘09
![Page 24: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Smartt 2009, ARAA, 47, 63
![Page 25: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Smartt 2009, ARAA, 47, 63
![Page 26: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2005ap had photospheric spectra
2006gy (2006tf as well) had evidence for interaction => IIn (see Smith & McCray ‘07)
ROTSE (V=18, 200 deg2)
![Page 27: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Who Ordered This??? • Associated with actively star forming galaxies => massive stars..
• 100 times brighter than typical core collapse supernovae
• Likely < 1% of all core collapse events
![Page 28: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2008es: Lpeak=3x1044 erg sec-1
Miller et al. 2009 Gezari et al. 2009
![Page 29: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Births of Magnetars! • About ~10% of NSs are born with 1014 G < B <
1015 G. If born spinning at P=10msP10 spin-down will occur in:
• To substantially impact lightcurve, want this to occur before diffusion kicks in, requiring
• In the range of magnetars (Kasen & L.B. ‘09; Woosley ‘09) !!
![Page 30: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Resetting the Entropy • The deposition of spin-down energy resets the
interior entropy
• Where the available energy is the NS rotation
• As long as Ep>Esn(Ro/vtp), the entropy is reset, so don’t need to have Ep~Esn to impact the lightcurve
![Page 31: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Hot Bubble Formation at One Month Magnetar spin-down time = 1 day
Kasen & L.B. ‘10
Mej=5 M Esn=1051 ergs
![Page 32: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
It Really Works!
• Mej=5 M, Esn=1051 erg, Pi=5 ms • Dashed line is 1 M of 56Ni
1010 L
Kasen & L.B. ‘10
Days since Explosion 0
![Page 33: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Peak Luminosity and Duration imply Magnetar Properties
Kasen & L.B. ‘09
Mej=5 M Mej=20 M
![Page 34: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Radiation Hydrodynamics Examples
Kasen & L.B. ‘09
![Page 35: Accreting White Dwarfs - Institute for Nuclear Theory · 2010-08-13 · Accreting White Dwarfs Donor star of pure He White Dwarf of Carbon/Oxygen Or Oxygen / Neon. Path to Dynamical](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042203/5ea3d083e6e6f8068d4aa4ef/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
What’s Next?????