Sartini, S.E., M.Sc., Akt

www.sartinie.comwww.sartini.wordpress.com

www.tinniebasuki.multiply.com

The Need for This Subject

Background & Rationales Islamic Banking and Finance has become an important

academic discipline and has attracted research in a number related areas such as the economics, finance, accounting, law, Syari’ah and others.

Demand for Islamic Banking and financial instruments as well as Islamic financial institutions have experienced a rapid growth internationally.

As an important financial activity in the Muslim world, knowledge and expertise in this discipline is very valuable, not only to the Islamic banks and financial institutions, but also to the Muslim world in ensuring sufficient number of experts and knowledgeable workers in this area

Scenario Patricia Aburdene (2007) in Megatrend 2010

The Power of Spiritualism Spirituality in Business

One of The Indonesian National Agendas President SBY Speech

Opening of Shariah Economic Festival http://www.indonesia.go.id/id/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=6624

Budget BI for Economic Shariah Development (8 x Rp 1,3)Direktorat Perbankan Syariah BI (Dr. Mulya Siregar)

Overview of Islamic Economic

Why Islamic Economic?Islam as a comprehensive way of life

AQIDAH SYARIAH AKHLAK

MUAMALAH IBADAH

SPECIAL RIGHT PUBLIC RIGHT

INTERIOR AFFAIRS EXTERIORS AFFAIRS

ADMINISTRATIVE ECONOMY CONSTITUENCY

FINANCE

Zarqa (1959)

Classic Islamic Economist Abu Yusuf (731-798), Yahya Ibn Adham(818), El-Hariri (1054-1122), Tusi (1201-1274), Ibnu Taymiyah (1262-1328), Ibnu Khaldun (1332-1406), Shah Waliullah (1702-1763).

Contemporary Interest in Islamic Economics

End of II World War

Political Independence

of Moslems Countries

Islamic Resurgence

Desire to be free of colonial influence

Need to find Indigenous solutions to

socio economic problems

Rejection of western

capitalism and socialism

Answer in Islamic Heritage

Development of Islamic Economics (1)

1930’s – 40’s Fiqh and Kalam 1950’s – early 60’s economics

teachings and principles of Islam 1970’s – 80’s calls for Islamic

Economics and Islamic Economic System

Development of Islamic Economics (2) Writing on Islamic Economics

Jurists legalistic confined to riba, zakat, banking, etc.

Modernist liberal interpretation of sources of Islam answer problems of today

Western trained Muslim Economiists combined fiqh and economics economic system and analysis

Development of Islamic Economics (3) Contemporary Muslim Economic

Thingking Agreement on philosophical foundation Agreement on sources of knowledge Agreement on general principles

Common “core” based on Qur’an and Sunnah

Development of Islamic Economics (4) Differences arise in

Interpretation of term and concept found in Qur’an and Sunnah

Approach and methodology followed in building theoritical construct of Islamic Economics and Islamic Economics Systems

Interpretation of features in Islamic Economics SystemShades of Muslim economics

thought

Development of Islamic Economics (5) Need for comparative analysis of

contemporary Moslem Economics thought Areas chosen approach and scope,

underlying assumptions, Features of an Islamic Economy, Distribution, Production

Scholar chosen (based on the literature written) M.A. Mannan, M.N. Siddiqi, S.N.H. Naqvi, M.Kahf, S.M. Taleghani, M. Baqir Al Sadr

For Further Discussion please refer to “Contemporary Islamic Economic Thought” written by M. Aslam Haneef

Outline of Islamic Economics System

Sector Public Sector Private SectorSocial

Welfare Sector

Major Function Maintenance of law order, justice and defensePromulgation and implementation of economic policiesManagement of properties under state ownershipEconomics intervention if necessary

Creation of wealthEconomic activities of production, consumption & distributions

Islamic Social Security (al takaful al ijtima’i)

Possible Institution

Government, ministries, and departmentsStatutory bodiesGovernment companies

Owner operatorSharikah

Public Sector (Bait al Mal, Bait al Zakat)Private sector (charitable org. individu)

Relevant Syariah Law

Government administrative laws i.e. company law, commercial law, Land law, taxation law

Various Fiqh of muamalah laws i.e. mudharabah, musyarakah, ijarah, etc

Various iftima’I i.e. zakah, waqf, tarikhah, sadaqah, qard

Ciri-ciri Khusus Sistem Ekonomi Islam (1) Diilhami oleh Islamic worldview (tasawwur

Islami) atas keberadaan manusia dan peranan manusia

Konsep kesejahteraan (wealth) dan kepemilikan (vicegerency/khalifah)

Penerapan tujuan-tujuan syariah (maqasid asy syariah)

Pelarangan riba dan gharar Pelembagaan institusi-intitusi untuk

kepentingan umum (public service institutions) seperti zakat, waqaf, sedekah, dll.

Ciri-ciri Khusus Sistem Ekonomi Islam (2) Institusionalisasi lembaga keuangan

syariah (misal: bank syariah, takaful, dll) Memperkenalkan persaingan sehat (fair

competition) dan equitable market untuk mencapai efisiensi dan keadilan dalam transaksi ekonomi.

Pengaturan ekonomi melalui al hisbah Equitable distribution of wealth untuk

mencapai social justice (tazkiyah)

DASAR-DASAR ISLAMIC INSTITUTIONS

Islamic InstitutionKarakteristik Tipe

Didirikan oleh umat Islam (mayoritas pemilik adalah muslim)Untuk kepentingan umat IslamDiselenggarakan dan diatur sesuai syariah Islam

Dinyatakan dalam Al Qur’an dan As Sunnah Solah, Zakah, HajjDiperkenalkan melalui ijma’ ulama traditional waqaf, BMTDiperkenalkan oleh ulama kontemporer Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS) seperti bank Islam, Asuransi syariah (takaful)

“Tidak ada keuntungan bagi orang-orang yang menyalahgunakan kekuasaannya, dan mereka tidak akan pernah memiliki pemimpin jika dipimpin oleh orang yang tidak baik”(Al Afwah Al Awdi Pre-Islamic poet, as quoted by Al Mawardi Al Ahkam Al Sultaniyah)

Islamic System and Institutions Didirikan dalam Tasawwur Islam Dikelola berdasar moral dan etika

Islam Diatur oleh syariah Islam

Memahami Syariah Islam Maqasid Asy Syariah (tujuan syariah

Islam) Usul Fiqh (metode untuk menurunkan

hukum) Maslahah (metode untuk merealisasikan

kepentingan umum) Fiqh al Awlawiyat (fikih skala prioritas) Fiqh al Munazamat (fikih keseimbangan)

Maslahah Prinsip-prinsip untuk mencapai

terpenuhinya kepentingan umum. Good is lawful, and lawful must be good. Tujuannya adalah untuk melindungi

kepentingan yaitu (Imam Syatibi): Daruriyat (kebutuhan dasar) Hajiyyat (kebutuhan tambahan) Tahsiniyyat (kebutuhan pelengkap)

Daruriyat Melindungi:

Deen (agama) Nafs (jiwa) Nasl (keturunan/keluarga) Mal (harta) ‘Aql (akal)

Hajiyyat Tambahan terhadap kebutuhan pokok Jika diabaikan mungkin menimbulkan

kekurangan/masalah. Contoh: pelarangan penjualan alkohol

untuk menghindari konsumsi alkohol. Contoh: kemudahan dalam

menjalankan ibadah bagi orang sakit ataupun musafir.

Tahsiniyyat Pemenuhan kebutuhan ini

memberikan peningkatan kualitas hidup.

More desirable. Contoh: menghindari pemborosan.

Islamic Accountability Tanggungjawab transedental terhadap

Allah SWT (hablunmminnalah) Tanggung jawab sosial (hablumminanass) Setiap manusia adalah khalifah Kebahagiaan dunia dan akhirat Tujuan ekonomi tidak hanya menyangkut

keakayaan bersih tetapi juga meliputi pembersihan diri dan kekayaan (tazkiyah)