accountability for development assistance and aid effectiveness john gershman the seoul post-2105...
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Accountability for Development
Assistance and Aid Effectiveness
John GershmanThe Seoul Post-2105 Conference: Implementation and Implications
October 7, 2013
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Accountability and Effectiveness
• Preliminaries: • Accountability and Effectiveness debates and
initiatives shouldn’t be dominated by the aid agenda
• Accountability and Effectiveness Matter Much More for Public and Private Sector Institutions
• Aid Can Help in Limited Areas and Ways. Most Importantly, it should not be an obstacle
• Tensions Between Effectiveness and Accountability
• Need to Move Firmly into Development Effectiveness Agenda
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Coalitional Analysis
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Five Steps
• Follow the Money• More Bang for the Buck• Walk the Talk• Evaluation, Monitoring and Learning• Don’t Forget the North
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Follow the Money
• Transparency is the key necessary but not sufficient condition for this process.
• There needs to be an intersecting and overlapping set of transparency norms to facilitate this:o IATI, OGP, IBP, PWYF, national level right to information frameworks
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But Transparency is Not Enough
• Information needs to be actionable and accessible to beneficiaries
• Require effective and capable intermediaries to translate information into usable forms and distribute it broadlyo Range from journalists, auditors, ombudspersonso Twaweza
• Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation Approach to Capcity Building o Andrews et al; Roche and Kelly
• Problems Not Solutions Should Define Capacity Building Exercises
• Transparency Initiatives in Aid are often dominated by Northern constituencies relatively narrow focus on anti-corruption Rosemary McGee (2013)
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Getting More Bang for the Buck
• Funding organizations that push for monitoring and accountability beyond aid projects and programs (investigative journalism, open government, right to information, social accountability, etc).
• It’s About Relationships, Not Just “Results” (Ros Eyben)
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Walking the Talk
• Positive Signs: More organizations have signed on to IATI and similar initiatives (EITI, etc)o A renewed focus on “rigor” and “evidence-based policy”o Open Data Movemento Partial Democratization of debates due to new mediao But, where is the politics?
• Task: Beyond transparency, donors should be supporting innovations in monitoring and accountability and effectiveness strategies for aid-funded programs and projects themselveso These can include vertically monitoring and advocacy strategies
• Challenges: o Quality agenda is more challenging for citizens and states to monitor than access;
requires new capacities and more sophisticated tools of M&Eo Balancing top down and bottom up approaches to M&E; Can we do do monitoring and
evaluation for accountability of effectiveness that doesn’t mean condemning poor people to attending a lot of meetings?
o The rise of climate finance will almost certainly involve the return of conditionalities, with all the associated challenges
o Institutional Reforms among some donors that may compromise the relative autonomy of the development agenda even more from geopolitics
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Evaluation, Monitoring, and
Learning• Evaluation and reporting receive disproportionate emphasis
relative to monitoring• There is a rhetorical tendency to privilege one type of
evaluation tool (RCTs) as a “gold standard,” as opposed to seeing them as one tool among many in the toolbox
• Incorporating evaluation results into ODA programming is not primarily a technical issue..it’s about politics and the framing of evidence
• The degree to which aid agencies shift to more results-based programming (Cash on Delivery, etc), the greater the demands on recipients for capturing the learning associated with programs
• We need to be distinguishing answering academic researchers questions, funders questions and implementers questions, and sometimes there are trade-offs
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H
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Don’t Forget the North• The development partnership was perhaps the weakest of the
MDGs• Current political and economic situation suggests unreliability
of focusing on 0.7% target• Aid accountability and effectiveness reforms will need
mobilized citizenries as well as assertive leadership in the North to overcome vested interests in the aid chain
• The shift from aid effectiveness to development effectiveness as an overarching framework will depend active, informed, and mobilized citizenries in the North and the Southo Small Arms Treaty, Climate
• Beyond the ongoing fiscal crises in some OECD donors, recent institutional reforms in some OECD donors may result in challenges to the autonomy of the development mission for donors.