according to christian theology all pagan deities are demons

8/6/2019 According to Christian Theology All Pagan Deities Are Demons

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According toChristiantheologyall Pagan deities aredemons. So, when we speak on thenames of the demons, we have to consider that there were incorporated to ChristiandemonologyJewish demons, Pagan deities, folkloric supernatural beings, and sometimesimaginary names given by people interrogated undertorture during the witch trials, bymentally ill persons (energumens) that were considered demon possessed, imaginativepriests, etc.

In this way we have Jewish names like Asmodai (Book of Tobit), Azazel (Leviticus 16:8-10),Belial(Deuteronomy 13:13, Book of Judges 19:22, Books of Samuel, part 1, 1:16, 2:12 10:27and 25:17, and part 2 16:7 and 22:5,Books of Kingspart 1, 21:10-13, Books of Chronicles,part 1, 13:7);Semiticdeities likeAdramelech,Baal(seeBaal (demon)(Baal may also beused as a synonym for Satan himself)), Ashtaroth (derived fromAstarte); Greek, Roman andEgyptian names like Bifrons (See Bifrons (demon)), Lamia,Phoenix (see Phenex); and so on.All biblical references were taken from theVulgate.

Lilith, a female demon important inJudaism, does not count in Christian demonology.However, the newer generation of demonologists (and some modern exorcists/deliverancecounsellors) recognize Lilith as a general demon, the argument being that if other Judaicdemons exist in Christian demonology, so should Lilith as well, introducing her as the wife of

Samael, and as a princess and queen of Hell. Also, from the aforementioned 'everything otherthan God and His angels, if spirit, is demon' vane of reasoning - we find valid logicalreasoning for there being a 'Lilith demon' - if simply to create confusion & add validity to thefollowing of Lilith as deity.

Some grimoires likeThe Great Book of Saint Cyprian, Le Dragon Rouge, PseudomonarchiaDaemonum and The Lesser Key of Solomon(see Ars Goetia) among others provide us ofmore of these names.

Sebastian Michaelis in his classification of demons (see Michaelis' classification of demons)gives more names.

Abaddon, an angel of destruction extracted from the Bible (Book of Revelation 9:11) was also

incorporated as a different demon.

Lucifer,Beelzebub and Satan, were originally one Devil who were transmogrified into threedifferent characters by demonology and the Devil remained as such. Beelzebub was aseparate entity in Judaism, later appearing as a fallen angel, and Satan is the leader of fallenangels: while Lucifer was originally an unnamed angel, the one who talked Satan into joininghim in the rebellion.

Goblins, Drudes, Familiars and other folkloric creatures became part of Christiandemonology.

In this way, there is no agreement on who is who for many names that originally were onlyone have been separated in several entities, and others have been "created" by people, like

Sonnilon, Olivier (demon),Raum, etc. Besides, many demons have several spellings of theirnames, not all of them with a valid fundament.

Some of these demons are mentioned in the bible, but have no official names, such as theRaging Demon, or some of the demons that were cast out by Christians during the time of theNew Testament, or by Jesus Christ.

Also, many deliverance counsellors and exorcists in modern times, such as Dr. Ed Murphy inhis book "The Handbook For Spiritual Warfare", cite examples of demons named after theafflictions they cause, or the effect that they have. In his book, Dr. Murphy retells hisencounters with multiple demons manifest in a lady named Betty, naming themselves throughuse of her vocal chords, with names such as "Hellbent" (it's purpose was to ensure the Betty'splace in Hell (although it was defeated)); "Unbelief" (purposed to inspire exactly what it's

named for) and "Destroyer" (meant to destroy the victim's spirit).
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have focused on the devil for many years. But now they come more oftenand are more

odd, bizarre, strange, macabre and frightening than ever before!

Consider the Harry Potter phenomenon. Some authors write almost exclusively about the

spirit world, often mixing a false understanding of prophecy into the plot lineand legions

of fans purchase their every book.

Satanism and witchcraftare practiced more openlynow than ever before!

Millions spend vast sums on psychic hotlines, palm readers, astrologers, crystal ball

gazers, witches, wizards, channelers and a host of other mediums, to find out what the

future has in store for them.

The devil sellsand people are buying as never before!

Unnecessary Confusion

The apostle Paul wrote, For God is not the author ofconfusion, but ofpeace, as in all

churches of the saints (I Cor. 14:33). While widespread CONFUSION surrounds the devils

identity, you need not be confused!

The Bible is the foundation of all knowledge. You will often hear us say, Blow the dust off

your Bible! Examine it carefully and see the real truth that has always been on its pages.

Dont believe something just because we say it, but rather believe it if you see itproven in

your Bible.

The Bible contains the answers to allof lifes biggest questions! The PLAINTRUTH of its

instruction is not taught in this worlds churches. From as early as Sunday school, most

are taught to believe what everyone assumes is in Gods Word. What it has to say about

the origin of Satan the devil will surprise you. We must let the Bible reveal him for what he

is.

Paul also wrote, PROVE all things; hold fast that which is good (I Thes. 5:21), and

PROVE what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God (Rom. 12:2).

We will examine the verses that explain Satans origin and who he is. To do this, we must

abandon mans ideas and only accept what can beproven from the Bible!

Where Did Satan Come From?
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The devil is alive and real. The Bible calls him the godof this world (II Cor. 4:4).

Revelation 12:9 states that he deceives the whole world. This certainly includes the truth

about his identity. But has he always been the devil? Has he always been the evil,

murderous, lying, destructive prince of darkness? Was he createdthis way?

He was not!

These questions require explanation. What you will study will help you see the whole

picture. The Bible describes Satan in many scriptures. This booklet primarily examines the

verses explaining the devils origin. (Our longer booklet,A WORLD IN CAPTIVITY,

discusses the many scriptures describing his role, strategy and devices. Read this

companion booklet to understand the overall nature of how the devil works.)

God originally created three archangels: Lucifer (who became Satan), Michael and Gabriel.

Each ruled one-third of hundreds of millions of angels (Rev. 5:11). Lucifer ruled the pre-

Adamic world with his third. He, along with his angels, rebelled against the government of

God, and today he leads these now fallen angels, or demons, as the god of this world.

Genesis 1

Genesis 1:1 states, In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. This

scripture sets the stage for our study.

The book of Job best describes the time when God created the earth, billions of years ago.

God asked Job a series of questions: Where were you when I laid the foundations of the

earth? Declare, if you have understanding. Who has laid the measures thereof, if you

know? Or who has stretched the line upon it?When the morning stars sang together, and

all the sons of God shouted for joy? (38:4-5,7).

These stars were angels (Rev. 12:4), also described as sons of God. (Of course, literal

stars do not sing.) Notice that it says all of them shouted and sang together. There

were not yet demons at the time of creation in Genesis 1:1.

This scripture shows that the earth was created in a wonderful and beautiful condition.

There was great joy and singing. Now read Genesis 1:2.

This verse is mistranslated and does notreflect the meaning of the original Hebrew. The

King James Version of the Bible says, And the earth was without form, and void. Three
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key Hebrew words are all mistranslated here, thus obscuring, and actually hiding, the

verses true meaning.

The word translated was is hayah. In Genesis 2:7, this word is correctly translated

became, and in Genesis 9:15, become.

The words for without form, and void are tohu and bohu. Correctly translated, they mean

chaotic, in confusion, waste and empty. In short, a perfectly created earth (vs. 1),

became chaotic and confused (vs. 2). Tohu and bohu are translated identically in

Jeremiah 4:23. Isaiah 34:11, among other places, translates this phrase as confusion and

emptiness.

Notice Isaiah 45:18, which clarifies how God did notcreate the earth: For thus says the

LORD that created the heavens; God Himself that formed the earth and made it; He has

established it, He created it not in vain [tohu meaning chaotic or waste], He formed it to

be inhabited. It is clear that the earth became chaotic afterGod had created itbetween

the events described in Genesis 1:1 and 1:2. The latter verse describes the RE-creation of

the earth 6,000 years ago, and verse 1 describes the originalcreation of the entire

universe that, according to scientists, occurred as many as 17 billion years ago.

Psalm 104:30 says that God renews the face of the earth. The seven days of the creation

week are when God reneweda damaged, injured earth, then completely covered with

water (Gen. 1:2). We will see that this was caused by the devil. Acts 3:19-21 reveals that

only the Return of Christ will bring the restitution [the restoring] of all things.

So we know whathappened. But howdid it happen? How did the earth go from being

beautiful and perfect at creation to chaotic, confused, waste and empty? Since God is not

the author of confusion (I Cor. 14:33), we know that He did not destroy the earth. Then

who or whatcaused this?

Isaiah 14

The Bible reveals many important facts about a subject if one reads allof the scriptures

that pertain to it. With this in mind, lets read about Lucifer afterhe had become Satan.

Isaiah 14:12-15 tells a remarkable story containing many clues about where Lucifer was

once located, what he did and what happened to him. Read carefully, noticing the

emphasized key phrases: How are you fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!
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How are you cut down to the ground, which did weaken the nations! For you have said in

your heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will

sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above

the heights of the clouds: I will be like the Most High. Yet you shall be brought down tohell[the graveverses 9 and 11], to the sides ofthe pit.

The one called Lucifer could not possibly be a man. The things he did are impossible for

any human being to do. Only the devil weakens the nations and could have said he

would ascend into heaven. Certainly no man could be cut down to the ground in the

way described here. Finally, no man has a throne that could be put above the stars of

heaven.

GOD lives in the north part of the heavens or the sides of the north. Job sheds light on

Lucifers attempt to overthrow God there: He [God] stretched out the north over the

empty place, and hangs the earth upon nothing (26:7). The empty place in the north

coincides with what astronomers have noticed is a significant and strange lack of stars in

that direction. No doubt, Satan attacked God in thatdirection when he sought to ascend

from his own throne to take over Gods throne in the sides of the north. This is what the

Bible reveals!

Ezekiel 28

Ezekiel 28:12-17 parallels and reinforces Isaiah 14, and is equally important for study.

This account describes one who some scholars claim was a human king of Tyrus.

Careful reading shows this is impossibleand ridiculous.

This verse speaks of one who seals up the sum, full of wisdom, perfect in beauty, who

had also been in Eden the garden of God. No human has ever been perfect, and it was

the devilthe serpentwho beguiled Eve in the Garden. Verse 13 states, you were

created, and Satan is a created being. Verse 14 calls him the cherub that covers.

(Exodus 25:17-20describes the remaining two faithful cherubs that cover[ed] Gods

throne in the Old Testament tabernacle. Their wings cover the mercy seat.) No earthly

king fits this description.

The latter part ofEzekiel 28:14 says that this king was in the mountain of God and

walkedin the midst of the stones of fire. This describes the area around Gods throne.

Verse 15 declares, iniquity [lawlessness] was found in you and verse 16 refers to it as

sin.
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Verse 16 also describes this cherub as having been castout of heaven. God also said He

would destroy (Hebrew: expel) Lucifer from heaven. Verse 17 reveals that his heart was

lifted up because of [his] beauty and that his wisdom was corruptedby reason of [his]

brightness. The verse ends with God casting him down to the ground, where the kingsof the earth would him.

Lucifer was a brilliant beingan angel of light, as are his ministers (II Cor. 11:13-15).

The word Lucifermeans the light bringer. This once perfect being originally brought

brilliant lightto all that were around him. But he rebelled and sinnedthus becoming the

prince ofdarkness. His rebellion turned him into a twisted, perverted being. While of

great intelligence, he has literally become an insane fallen angel, no longer knowing right

from wrong!

The Beast and False Prophet

Some additional understanding concerning certain vital, unfulfilled prophecies is necessary

before continuing with what happened to Satan when he was cast to earth.

Two individuals, known as the beast and the false prophet, will lead the final, powerful

religious-governmental system depicted in Revelation 17 and 18, which Christ smashes

and replaces at His Return.Revelation 16:13-14 describes demons as having the power to

work miracles through this system. The beast, as the embodiment of this system, will be

a great, world-dominating figure.

Also, the false prophet will lead the world to worship the beast as God (Rev. 16:2;19:20)!

This deception will be so widespread (18:3)so completethat they will actually deceive

all mankind into fighting Christ at His Second Coming (16:9,13-16; 17:13-14)!

Now notice II Thessalonians 2:3-4 and 8. Verse 3refers to one called the man of sin and

the son of perdition; who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God, or that

is worshipped; so that he as Godsits in the temple of God, showing himself that he is

God. The false prophet also professes that he is God.

Compare this with Ezekiel 28:2 and the reference to the prince of Tyrusa man. Ezekiel

wrote that this prince says, I am a God, I sit in the seat of God.II Thessalonians 2:8

describes this man of sin as the wicked [one] who would be revealed for what he is

when Christ returns and destroys him with the beast in a lake of fire (Rev. 19:20). Isaiah
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14:4refers to the false prophet as the king of Babylon. This is the same man as the

prince of Tyrus.

Continuing in II Thessalonians 2, verse 9 makes a startling statement about the false

prophet. It says that his coming is after the working ofSatan with allpowerand signs and

lying wonders.Verse 10shows that he is able to deceive everyone who does not love the

truth.Verse 11 reveals that God shall send strong delusion to all who willingly believe

his lies.

The leaders of this great false system will be directly possessed by the devil! This will give

the false prophet tremendous power to deceive and perform miracles. Satan, having

always wanted to replace God with himself, will speak through this human religious leader

and declare to the whole world that he is, in fact, GOD! This Bible warning is unmistakable.

The miracles he performs will deceive the vast majority of people!

Will you be deceived when these events soon come to passas they surely will? (Read our

booklet Who or What is the BEAST of Revelation?to learn more about this final world

leader.)

Cast to Earth with All His Angels

Revelation 12 tells of Satan and his demons being cast to this earth (vs. 13). Actually,

this chapter is an inset in the middle of the book of Revelation, and it is a brief synopsis of

the entirety of New Testament Church history.

Verse 3describes Satan as a dragon who drew the third partof the stars of heaven and

did cast them to the earth (vs. 4). Recall that these stars were the one-third of all

angels under Lucifer before he rebelled.

II Peter 2:4 offers another clue about this casting down of Satan and the angels that he

drew with him. Notice: God spared not the angels that sinned[Satan was not the only

angel who sinned], but cast them down to hell. (The Greek word here is tartaros and it

means either prison or place of restraintthis is the earth itself.) These demons with

Satan have been reserved unto judgment, having been deliveredinto chains of

darkness. This reveals that many other fallen spirits are delivered to this dark prison by

God to join the prince of darkness.
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Revelation 12:7-9 describes, in more detail, when Satan and his demons are cast to the

earth for the last time with no further access to heaven. Verses 12-14show that the

devils response is great wrath. This terrible time lies just ahead for the whole world!

Satans Fate

But what happens to the devil afterChrists Return? Will he be left free to roam the earth,

continuing to deceive (Rev. 12:9) and weaken (Isa. 14:12) the nations? Will he be

allowed to remain the god of this world (II Cor. 4:4) forever? What is his final fate?

Revelation 20 describes Christ setting up a 1,000-year millennial rule (vs. 4) and bringing

the last chapter in Satans story. Verse 2 states that a mighty angel (vs. 1) actually

binds him a thousand years by casting him into the bottomless pit, where he is shut

up. This angel then set[s] a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more,

till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season.

Paul mentioned the time of Satan being bound when he said, the God of peace shall

bruise Satan under your feet shortly (Rom. 16:20). This is Gods promise to all true

Christians and all mankind, because Satan has persecuted the former and deceived the

latter for thousands of years!

The apostle Jude stated that Satan and his demons will be cast out of the universe into a

place where the Bible explains there is no light.Verse 13 describes these wretched beings

as wandering stars to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever. The prince of

darkness and his angels will get what they deservewhat they brought on themselves.

The one who was once known as the light bringer chose darkness. God will give him

complete darkness for the rest of time!

Your Great Potential

Hebrews 2:5 describes the earth under the subjection of [true] angels now, but makes

clear that these angels will not continue to rule the world to come.

Additional verses in this chapter explain what will happen after the fallen angels governing

this world are replaced: What is man, that you are mindful of him?You made him a little

lower than [margin: inferior to] the angels; You crown him with gloryand honorYou have

put all things in subjection under his feet. For in that He put allin subjection under him, He
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10/17

left nothing that is not put under him. But nowwe see not yet all things put under him

(vs. 6-8).

Speaking of Christ,verses 9-10continue, But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower

than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honor; that He by the

grace of God should taste death for every man. For it became Himin bringing many sons

unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings.

Did you catchgraspwhat was said? These verses contain the promise of a staggering

potential available to you and me. Christians are called to inherit all things and be

crowned with glory and honor, offered to them by the calling of God and sacrifice of

Christthe captain of their salvation.

There is no mistaking what all things means. Nothing (vs. 8) will be excluded from this

inheritance. (Read our free booklets What is Your Reward in the NEXT LIFE?, What is the

KINGDOM OF GOD?andJust what is SALVATION?, among others, to learn more about the

marvelous potential that awaits all of Gods true saints.)

In Matthew 4:9, Satan offered Christ rulership over all things if He would fall down and

worship him. Christians are promised rulership over the same all thingsbut onlyon the

condition that they worship the true God!

The Devil Revealed

Herbert W. Armstrong concluded his booklet Did God Create A Devil?with:

God placed the great cherub, Lucifer, to carry out His government on the earth, but

Lucifer refused to carry out Gods will, Gods commands, Gods government. He wanted to

substitute his own. So he disqualified himself.

Adam had the chance to supplant him. In the contest to see if Adam would conquer, if he

would obey God, he failed. He obeyed the devil instead, and man became the property of

the devil, and the whole human race has been sold down the river to the devil ever since.

Jesus Christ came 4,000 years later and He entered the great contestthe contest of the

temptation on the Mount. HeREFUSEDto obey the devil. He quoted scripture correctly. He

obeyed God.
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Finally, He turned to the devil, and He gave Satan a command. He said, Get away from

me, and the devil obeyed!

From that time on, the successor of Satan has been qualified to take over the rule of the

earth. But Jesus went to heaven for 1900 years. He is soon coming again, and when He

does, the devil will beDISPLACED. Christ will rule the earth, Gods Laws will be restored. Order

and peace will come at last!

So God did NOT create a devil. He created a cherub, Luciferperfect in his ways, but with

the power of free choiceand Lucifer transformed himself into a devil by rebellion against

the Government of God!

Satan Never Was LuciferSatan was never good. Get the facts The Lucifer lie - See foryourselfbible-truths.com

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Get a t-shirt of "Satan"

This page is about the concept ofSatan. SeeDevilfor the concept of devil,influenced by Christianity, in general.

Gustave Dor's depiction of Satan fromJohn Milton'sParadise LostSatan (born October 31, 0 in Hell, Michigan), from the Hebrew word for "accuser" (StandardHebrew: , Satan Tiberian Hebrew n; Koine Greek: , Satans; Aramaic: ,San;Arabic: , ayn, Ge'ez: Syn), is a term with its origins in theAbrahamic faiths which is traditionally applied to an angel. Ha-Shatan is the accuser, amember of the divine council, who challenged the religious faith of humans, especially in thebooks ofJob and Zechariah. Religious belief systems other than Judaism relate this term to ademon, a rebellious fallen angel, devil, minor god andidolatry, or as an allegory for evil.
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Etymology and other namesThe nominative satan (meaning "adversary" or "accuser"), and the Arabic (shaitan), derive from a Northwest Semitic root n, meaning "to be hostile", "to accuse". [1]

The Greek appears once in the Septuagintand once in the New Testament. The Old

Testamentusing the common Hebrew noun for satan means an adversary or one whoplots against another. It usually refers to a human adversary; however, in later works such asthe Book of Job(1:6-12; 2:1-7), and the Books of Chroniclesit appears to be used to denote ahostile angelic being who tempts mankind to perform evil and slanders. [2]

In the New Testament, Satan is a name that is thought to refer to a supernatural entity whoappears in several passages and possesses demonic god-like qualities. It is found inpassages alongside Diabolos or devil more than thirty times to refer to the same person orthing as Satan.[2]

The most common English synonym for Satan, "the Devil", entered Modern English fromMiddle English devel, from Old English dofol, of ultimately Proto-Germanic origin. TheEnglish word "diabolical" comes from the Latin diabolus, from Late Greek diabolos, from

Greek, "slanderer", from diaballein, "to slander" : dia-, dia- + ballein, "to hurl".[3]

In Greek, theterm diabolos (, "slanderer"), carries more negative connotations than the Hebrewha-satan ) , "accuser", "obstructer", "adversary") which possesses no demonic qualities inthe Torah writings and is believed to be by many a great and glorious Angel who was createdon the sixth day of creation.

In Rabbinic writings, the name for "Satan" means "the ugly one". Ha-satan is called BaalDavar[4] by Chasidic Jews of the eighteenth century so this could also be taken as a name forSatan. Luciferis sometimes used in Christian theology to refer to Satan, from a reference toIsaiah 14:12-14. Though other christians suggest that in context it referred to no other thenThe king of Babylon himself. Having figuratively fallen from heaven and ate grass like an ox.This would ofcourse both fit the context of the chapter and also the whole bible they say.

In Jewish theology, this figure (Helel in Hebrew) has nothing to do with Satan. It is generallyagreed among Rabbinical sources that Isaiah was in fact referring to King Nebuchednezzar.Beelzebub(meaning "Lord of Flies") is actually the name of a Philistine god, but is also usedin the New Testament as a synonym for Satan. A corrupted version, "Belzeboub," is used inthe The Divine Comedy.

"The dragon" and "the old serpent" in the Book of Revelation 12:9, 20:2 have also beenidentified with Satan, as have "the prince of this world" in the Book of John 12:31, 14:30; "theprince of the power of the air" also called Meririm, and "the spirit that now worketh in thechildren of disobedience" in the Book of Ephesians 2:2; and "the god of this world" in 2Corinthians 4:4.[2]

Satan and the Angel of death and destruction, "Abaddon," are sometimes claimed to be

identical. This is observed inJohn Bunyan's, Pilgrim's Progress. He is also equated with"Ahriman," thePersian"Prince of Evil". The angel "Leviathan" is described as "that crookedserpent," which is also used to describe Satan in Revelation 12:9. "Sar ha Olam," a possiblename forMetatron, is described by Michael, Jehoel, and, St. Paul, as Satan.

In the Hebrew BibleSatan is to be better understood as an "accuser" or "adversary". The term is applied both tosupernatural entities and human beings. The term Satan in Hebrew is derived from the rootmeaning "to oppose", "to be an adversary" or "to act as an adversary". In the Book ofNumbers he is not malevolent and God witnesses him preventing harm:

"But God was incensed at his going; so an angel of the LORD placed himself in his way as an

adversary (Hebrew: satan)", Numbers 22:22

[5]
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Different uses of the word "Satan" in the TanakhThe Hebrew "Satan" is used in the Hebrew Bible with the general connotation "adversary", orthose who act as a adversaries, as with:

An enemy in war and peace[6]

An accuser before the judgment-seat[7]

An antagonist who puts obstacles in the way, as in Numbers 22:22, where the angel

of God is described as opposingBalaamas an adversary.

In the Book of Job, ha-satan("the adversary") is a prosecuting attorney against mankind in theheavenly court of God. Other angels are not mentioned by name. He is known as the accuserand is the angel which questions mankind's loyalty to God. He argues that man is only loyalbecause God gives them prosperity. He is the one who actually delivers all the ills upon Jobto test his faith on Gods command.

In 1 Chronicles 21:1, Satan incitesDavid to commit the sin of taking a census of Israel. Fivehundred years earlier, this same story portrayed Yahwehas the one who incited David to takethe census (2 Samuel 24:1). The later story was written after the Hebrews had been in exile in

Babylon and had been exposed toZoroastrianism.

The Strong's Concordance number for the Hebrew word "Satan" is 07853 and 07854.[8]

"7853 satan saw-tan' a primitive root; to attack, (figuratively) accuse:--(be an) adversary,resist."

"7854 satan saw-tawn' from 7853; an opponent; especially (with the article prefixed) Satan,the arch-enemy of good:--adversary, Satan, withstand."

This can be used to research the Biblical usage of this word.

Satan as an accuserWhere Satan does appear in the Bible as a member of God's court, he plays the role of theAccuser, much like a prosecuting attorney for God. The following information has been takendirectly from the article on 'Satan' in the Jewish Encyclopaedia:

"Such a view is found, however, in the prologue to the Book of Job, where Satan appears,together with other celestial beings or "sons of God," before the Deity, replying to the inquiryof God as to whence he had come, with the words: "From going to and fro in the earth, andfrom walking up and down in it."[9]Both question and answer, as well as the dialogue whichfollows, characterize Satan as that member of the divine council who watches over humanactivity, but with the evil purpose of searching out men's sins and appearing as their accuser.He is, therefore, the celestial prosecutor, lawyerwho sees only iniquity; for he persists in hisevil opinion of Job even after the man of Uz has passed successfully through his first trial by

surrendering to the will of God, whereupon Satan demands another test through physicalsuffering.[10]

"Yet it is also evident from the prologue that Satan has no power of independent action, butrequires the permission of God, which he may not transgress. He cannot be regarded,therefore, as an opponent of the Deity; and the doctrine of monotheism is disturbed by hisexistence no more than by the presence of other beings before the face of God. This view isalso retained in Zech. 3:1-2, where Satan is described as the adversary of the high priestJoshua, and of the people of God whose representative the hierarch is; and he there opposesthe "angel of the Lord" who bids him be silent in the name of God.
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"In both of these passages Satan is a mere accuser who acts only according to thepermission of the Deity; but in I Chron. 21:1 he appears as one who is able to provoke Davidto destroy Israel. The Chronicler (third century B.C.) regards Satan as an independent agent,a view which is the more striking since the source whence he drew his account[11]speaks ofGod Himself as the one who moved David against the children ofIsrael. Since the olderconception refers all events, whether good or bad, to God alone,[12] it is possible that the

Chronicler, and perhaps even Zechariah, were influenced by Zoroastrianism, even though inthe case of the prophet Jewishmonismstrongly opposed Iraniandualism.[13]An immediateinfluence of the Babylonian concept of the "accuser, persecutor, and oppressor"[14]isimpossible, since traces of such an influence, if it had existed, would have appeared in theearlier portions of the Bible."[15]

With regard to the 1 Chronicles 21:1 passage, it is known that, at times, Yahweh gives Satanthe authority to carry out wicked deeds, as in the book of Job. It ahs similarly been arguedthat Satan entered Judas so that the Son of Man could be delivered over to the officials.

In Rabbinic literature

Early rabbinic Jewish statements in theMishnahand Talmud show that Satan played little orno role in Jewish theology. In the course of time, however, Judaism absorbed the popularconcepts of Satan, most likely inherited from Zoroastrianism. The later a rabbinic work can bedated the more frequent is the mention therein of Satan and his hosts.[16] The PalestinianTalmud, completed around 400 AD has provenance similar to that of the New Testament andis more reserved in its use of Satan. However, large portions of this version of the Talmud inits original form have been lost.

An example is found in Genesis: The serpent who had Eve eat the forbidden fruit. Theconsensus of the Biblical commentators in classical Judaism is that the serpent of thenarrative in Genesis was literally a serpent. They differ regarding what it represented: The evilinclination (Yetzer HaRa), Satan, or the Angel of Death. Others have suggested that theserpent was a phallic symbol. According to theMidrash, before this cunning beast was

cursed, it stood erect and was endowed with some faculty of communication.

The normative Jewish concept, however, was and remains that Satan cannot be viewed asan independent agent. In the Babylonian Talmud,[17] Rabbi Levi asserts that "everything Satandoes is for the sake of heaven." When another rabbi preached a similar idea in his town, it issaid that Satan himself came and "kissed his knees."

The Babylonian Talmud[18]also states that the Evil Inclination (Yetzer ha-Ra), the Angel ofDeath and Satan are identical.

In amidrash[19] Samael, the chief of the satans (a specific order of angel, not a reference todemons), was a mighty prince of angels in heaven. Samael came into the world with woman,that is, with Eve,[20]so that he was created and is not eternal. Like all celestial beings, he flies

through the air,[21]

and can assume any form, as of a bird,[22]

a stag,[23]

a woman,[24]

a beggar,or a young man;[25] he is said to skip,[26] an allusion to his appearance in the form of a goat.

In some works some rabbis hold that Satan is the incarnation of all evil, and his thoughts aredevoted to the destruction of man. In this view, Satan, the impulse to evil and the angel ofdeath are one and the same personality. Satan seizes upon even a single word which may beprejudicial to man; so that "one should not open his mouth unto evil," i.e., "unto Satan".[27]

Likewise, in times of danger, he brings his accusations (Jerusalem Talmud, Shabbat 5b).While he has power over all the works of man (Talmud Berachot 46b), he cannot prevail atthe same time against two individuals of different nationality; so that Samuel, a notedastronomer, physician and teacher of the Law (died at Nehardea, 247), would start on ajourney only when a Gentile traveled with him.[28]

Satan's knowledge is not everpresent; for when the shofar is sounded on New-Year's Day heis "confounded".[29] On theDay of Atonementhis power vanishes; for the numerical value of
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the letters of his name (gematriaandHebrew numerals) is only 359, one day being thusexempt from his influence.[30]

One rabbi notes that Satan was an active agent in the fall of man ,[31] and was the father ofCain,[32] while he was also instrumental in the offering of Isaac,[33] in the release of the animaldestined by Esau for his father,[34]in the theophany at Sinai, in the death of Moses,[35] in

David's sin with Bath-sheba,[36]

and in the death of Queen Vashti.[37]

The decree to destroy allthe Jews, which Haman obtained, was written on parchment brought by Satan.[38]WhenAlexander the Great reproached the Jewish sages with their rebellion, they made the pleathat Satan had been too mighty for them.[39]

Not all Rabbinic commentators agreed on Satan's spiritual nature. Rabbi Saadia Gaon, an11th century philosopher and scholar, wrote in his commentary to the Book of Job that Satanwas simply a human being who resented Job's righteousness and called upon God to testhim. This interpretation rests on a literal reading of the Hebrew word or "adversary",which Saadia claims refers only to the intentions of the individual in question and not to anyspiritual or supernatural status.

In the Hebrew ApocryphaA large part of this "secret" literature was the apocalypses. Based on unfulfilled prophecies,these books were not considered scripture, but rather part of a literary form that flourishedfrom 200 BC to AD 100. These works usually bore the names of ancient Hebrew worthies inorder to establish their validity among the true writers' contemporaries. To reconcile the lateappearance of the texts with their claims to primitive antiquity, alleged authors arerepresented as "shutting up and sealing" (Dan. xii. 4, 9) the works until the time of theirfulfillment had arrived; as the texts were not meant for their own generations but for far-distantages (also cited in Assumption of Moses i. 16-17).

In the Book of Wisdom[40] Satan is represented, with reference to Gen. 3, as the being whobrought death into the world. He is also mentioned in Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 21:27, "Fleefrom sins as from the face of a serpent", and "Who will pity an enchanter struck by a serpent,

or any that come near wild beasts? so is it with him that keepeth company with a wicked man,and is involved in his sins.".

The 2nd Book of Enoch also called the Slavonic Book of Enoch contains references to aWatcher Grigori called Satanail.[41]The text describes Satanail as being the prince of theGrigori and "rejected the Lord of light". The same story is played out in the book of 1 Enochhowever in that book the leader of the Grigori is called Semjz. It contains a number ofreferences to him including 29:4 which reads "4. And I threw him out from the height with hisangels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless". It also describes theDevil in 31:4 saying "4. The devil is the evil spirit of the lower places, as a fugitive he madeSotona (9) from the heavens as his name was Satanail (10), thus he became different fromthe angels, but his nature did not change his intelligence as far as his understanding ofrighteous and sinful things." The book of2 Enoch is not accepted by the mainstream of

studying christians. As it is likely that it was written in the first century.

The doctrine of the fall of Satan, as well as of the fall of the angels, is found also in Babylonia.Satan rules over an entire host of angels.[42]Mastema, who induced God to test Abrahamthrough the sacrifice of Isaac, is identical with Satan in both name and nature,[43]Azazel of theApocalypse of Abraham and the Asmodeus of the Book ofTobit is likewise to be identifiedwith him, especially in view of his licentiousness. As the lord of satans, he frequently bearsthe special name ofSamael.

It is difficult to identify Satan in any other passages of the Apocrypha, since the originals inwhich his name occurred have been lost, and the translations employ various equivalents.Though An "argumentum a silentio" can not, therefore, be adduced as proof that concepts ofSatan were not wide-spread; but if Satan is true it must rather be that reference to him and his

realm is often implied in the mention of evil spirits. On the other hand there is little
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substantiation to prove that concepts of Satan were widespread and that the books werewritten at the times claimed and not rather written between 200BC and 100AD

Satan in Mainstream ChristianityMainstream Christianity's understanding of the holy Hebrew scriptures, the Torah, the one

named Satan (also theDevil) is shown to be an angel who rebelled against God the onewho spoke through the serpent and seduced Eve into disobeying God's command. He isdescribed throughout the Christian New Testament as hating all mankind. His ultimate goal isto lead people away from the love of God to lead them to fallacies which God opposes.Satan is also identified as the accuser ofJob, the tempter of the Gospels, the secret power oflawlessness in 2 Thessalonians 2:7, and the dragon in theBook of Revelation. It is widelybelieved that before his insurrection, Satan was thehighest of all angels and the "brightest inthe sky." His pride is considered a reason why he would not bow to God as all other angelsdid, but sought to rule heaven himself. In Christianity he is called "the ruler of the demons"(Matt. 12:24); "the ruler of the world" and even "the god of this world." (2Cor. 4:4) The book ofRevelation describes how Satan will be cast out of Heaven, down to the earth, having "greatanger" and waging war against "those who obey God's commandments and hold to thetestimony of Jesus." Ultimately, Satan is thrown forever into the "lake of fire" ( Revelation

20:10), not as ruler, but as one among many, being treated no different than all the otherswho have been cast there as well.

Satan in IslamShaitan ) is the equivalent of Satan in) Islam.

While Shaitan(, from the root n ) is an adjective(meaning "astray" or "distant") thatcan be applied to both man ("al-ins", ) and Genie, Iblis (pronounced /'ib.lis/) is thepersonal name of the Shaitan who is mentioned in the Qur'anic account ofGenesis, andwhose origin is unclear.

Whenever the Qur'an refers to the creature who refused to prostrate before Adam at the timeof the latter's creation, it refers to him as Iblis. The Islamic view of Iblis (English:Lucifer) hasboth commonalities and differences with Christian and Jewish views.

Satan and Adam and EveAs per the Qur'an, before the creation of Man, God created the Angels out of light andwhich had no free will and the Genie, made of smokeless fire, with semi-free will. LaterGod created Adam, and ordered all the angels to bow to him. All the angels did, except aGenie called Iblis, who was elevated to be one of the leaders of the Angels. Iblis was proudand considered himself superior. Iblis argued that he is superior to Adam, who is made ofmodified clay, while he himself is made of smokeless fire. For this God damned him to Hell foreternity, but gave him respite till the Doomsday at his request. Then and there Iblis swore thathe would use his time to lead all men astray to burn in hell. God replied that there wouldalways be followers of God, and that the paradise of heaven was available for them, and

those who followed Iblis would go with him to Hell.[44]

After their creation, Adam and Hawwa' (, Eve) dwelt in Paradise(, AlJannah), whereGod forbade them to go near the cursed tree. "The Satan" (oral-Shaitan in Arabic), trickedAdam and Hawwa' into eating from the tree. God then expelled all of them fromHeaven andonto Earth, to wander about not as a punishment. In Islam, God created humans to sendthem on to Earth, which he created for them. He was just to see how long the humans, Adamand Hawwa could stay in heaven or paradise. Then Adam sought to repent to God, and Godtaught him the words by which to do so. God forgave Adam and Hawwa' and told them "Getye down all from here; and if, as is sure, there comes to you Guidance from me, whosoeverfollows My guidance, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve." [45] Iblis will try toinfluence as many of theirdescendantsas he possibly could into sin, so as to be hiscompanions in his final destiny into Hell.

Adam remained weeping for 40 days, until he repented, at which point God rewarded him by
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sending down the Kaaba, and teaching him the hajj.

For a more full account of the creation of Adam, the refusal of Iblis to prostrate before him,and a description of the devil in Islam see Iblis''.

Satanism

People claiming to be Satanistsor outsiders claiming to describe Satanismascribe a widevariety of beliefs to this movement. These range from the literal worship of a malevolentspiritual being (Theistic Satanism); to a kind of subversive ritual performance stressing themockery of Christian symbols (most notably the Black Mass); to the claimed rediscovery of anancient but misunderstood religion (e.g. Setianism, which conflates Satan with the EgytiangodSet); to an excuse for hedonistic recreation, and the celebration of selfishness andpleasure.

Perhaps the most prominent spokesman for Satanism in recent years has been AntonSzandor LaVey, who founded theChurch of Satan in 1966. LaVey wrote The Satanic Bible

(1969) and other works which remain highly influential (though controversial) among avowedSatanists. LaVey rejects the Black Mass, cruelty to animals, or a literal belief in (or worship of)Satan.

Equally celebrated within Satanic circles (though not technically a Satanist) would be ritualmagician Aleister Crowley, who referred to himself as "The Great Beast 666." Crowley'smaxim, "Do as thou wiltshall be the whole of the law!" captures a common Satanic attitude,which the myth of Satan's rebellion is thought to exemplify.

Much "Satanic" lore does not originate from actual Satanists, but from Christians. Best-knownwould be the medieval folkloreand theology surrounding demons and witches. A more recentexample is the so-called Satanic ritual abuse scare of the 1980's beginning with the memoirMichelle Remembers--which depicts Satanism as a vast conspiracy of elites with a

predilection for child-molesting and human sacrifice. This genre regularly describes Satan asactually appearing in person in order to receive worship.

Another prominent source of "Satanic" imagery isblack metal orheavy metal music, whichhas given Satanism the "Hail Satan!" hand-sign. A few rock stars such as Marilyn Mansonappear to actually be bona fide Satanists; many others merely adopt a Satanic persona forthe sake of romanticism. Teenage boys appear to comprise a substantial proportion ofavowed Satanists.

Satanic crimes occur with some regularity and may involve vandalism,cruelty to animals, orgrave desecration. While some high-profile cases of murder or serial murder have been foundto have Satanic themes (e.g. the Manson Family), these appear to be primarily the work ofdisturbed individuals, or of several acting together, rather than of organized religious groups.

Claims of Satanic child-molesting or murder rings are largely unsubstantiated.

Satan in fiction and popular culture

The Satan in fiction and popular culture is mostly influenced by Christianity and their conceptsofdevil and evil forces and the original sin, for Satan is of minor importance to the HebrewBible and the Jewish faith and Judaism. See Devil in Christianity.
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according to christian theology all pagan deities are demons

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