accomplishments of the progressives @ the local, state and federal levels
TRANSCRIPT
Accomplishments of the Progressives
@ the Local, State and Federal Levels
1900 to 1917
“Progressives were reformers who
attempted to solve problems caused by industry, growth of cities and laissez
faire.”
Populists vs ProgressivesPopulists---rural
Progressives---cities
Populists were poor and uneducatedProgressives were middle-class and
educated.
Populists were too radicalProgressives stayed political
mainstream.
Populists failedProgressives succeeded
Progressives wereProgressives were
White ProtestantsMiddle class and native born.
College Educated Professionals Social workers
ScholarsPoliticiansPreachersTeachersWriters
Areas to ReformAreas to ReformSocial Justice
Political Democracy
Economic Equality
Conservation
Social JusticeSocial Justice Improve working
conditions in industry, regulate unfair business practices, eliminate child labor, help immigrants
and the poor
•Muckrakers were journalists and photographers who exposed the abuses of wealth and power.
•They felt it was their job to write and expose corruption in industry, cities
and government. Progressives exposed corruption
but offered no solutions.
MUCKRAKERSMUCKRAKERS
Muckraker
Work Subject Results
Thomas Nast
PoliticalCartoons
Political corruption by NYC's political
machine, Tammany Hall, led by Boss
Tweed.
Tweed was convicted of embezzlement and
died in prison.
Jacob Riis
John Spargo
How the Other Half Lives
(1890)
The Bitter Cry of the Children
Living conditions of the urban poor; focused on
tenements.
Child labor in the factories and education for
children.
NYC passed building codes to promote safety and
health.
Ending child labor and increased enrollment in
schooling.
Muckraker
Work Subject Results
Investigated dangerous working
conditions and unsanitary procedures
in the meat-packing industry.
The Jungle(1906)
Upton Sinclair
In 1906 the Meat Inspection Act and
Pure Food and Drug Act were passed
Muckraker
Work Subject Results
Frank Norris
The Octopus (1901)
This fictional book exposed monopolistic
railroad practices in California.
In Northern Securities v. U.S.
(1904), the holding company
controlling railroads in the Northwest was
broken up.
Ida Tarbell
"History of Standard Oil Company" in
McClure's Magazine
(1904)
Exposed the ruthless tactics of the Standard Oil
Company through a series of articles
published in McClure's Magazine.
In Standard Oil v. U.S. (1911), the company was
declared a monopoly and
broken up.
Upton Beall Sinclair
fictitious account of a family of Lithuanian immigrants living in
Chicago and working in the Chicago's Union
Stock Yards.
1906 novel
Exit Questions• List two things you learned after reading
the “Jungle” in class.
• Give an example for the “Jungle” which would support Upton Sinclair advocating for Socialism
• Draw a picture which you think best represents the “Jungle”
Political DemocracyPolitical Democracy Give the government
back to the people, get more people voting and
end corruption with political machines.
I. Local Level
•Commission System
•City manager plan
CityCommissioner
Plan
Cities hired experts in different fields to run a single aspect of city government.
For example, the sanitation commissioner would be in charge of
garbage and sewage removal.*This could be an elected position
City ManagerPlan
A professional city manager is hired to run each department of the city and
report directly to the city council.
City Reforms
II. State Level•Direct primary
•Initiative•Referendum•Recall•Secret ballot
RecallRecall
Allows voters to petition to have an elected representative removed from
office.
InitiativeAllows voters to petition state
legislatures in order to consider a bill desired by citizens.
ReferendumAllows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be
passed.
Ensures that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party bosses.
State Reforms
Secret BallotSecret BallotPrivacy at the ballot box ensures that citizens can cast votes without party bosses knowing how they voted.
Direct PrimaryDirect Primary
Given out only at the polls
Vote in secret
Printed at public expense
Lists names of all candidates and their
parties
Progressive Governor• Robert M. La Follette –
Wisconsin Idea– Direct Primary – Curbed Excess
Lobbying– Commissions in Public
Interest – Backed Labor reform
Robert M. La Follette
III. Federal Level
•Pure Food and Drug Act
• Meat Inspection Act
• Interstate Commerce Commission
Amendments•16 – Federal Income Tax
•17 – Direct Election of Senators
•18- Prohibition
•19- Women the right to vote
Economic JusticeEconomic Justice •Fairness and opportunity in
the work world, regulate unfair trusts and bring about changes
in labor. •Demonstrate to the common
people that U.S. Government is in charge and not the
industrialists.
Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt• Business– Trust Busting
– Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890
– “1902, line against the misconduct not against the wealth”
– “Don’t wish to destroy corp. Wish to serve
the public good”
Trust Busting• Elkins Act (1903). ended the common practice of the railroads
granting rebates to their most valued customers. Trusts paid significantly less for rail service than farmers and other small operators. The law required that rates be published and that violations of the law would find both the railroad and the shipper liable for prosecution.
• Hepburn Act (1906). The Hepburn Act strengthened existing• railroad regulations in the following ways:
– Increased the size of the Interstate Commerce Commission from five to seven members
– Gave the ICC the power to establish maximum rates – Restricted the use of free passes – Brought other common carriers (businesses that transport goods or
information for a fee), such as terminals, storage facilities, pipelines, ferries and others, under ICC jurisdiction
– Required the adoption of uniform accounting practices for all carriers – In appeals situations, placed the burden of proof on the shipper, not the
ICC; this was a major change from the previous practice in which the railroads had blunted regulations by lengthy appeals.
A 1904 Puck cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt as "Jack the Giant-Killer," battling the Wall Street titans. Actually, Roosevelt “busted” relatively few trusts. His successor, William Taft, dissolved nearly twice as many trusts as Roosevelt. (Scott Foresman Addison Wesley, Picture Research Dept.)
A landmark decision in United States Supreme Court history, as it justifies both “sex discrimination” and usage of “labor laws.” The case upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health. The ruling gave the power to the states to regulate the work place.
Curt Muller, the owner of a laundry business, was convicted of violating Oregon labor laws by making a female employee work more than ten hours in a single day. Muller was fined $10.
Muller v. Oregon, (1908)
CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION
Preserve natural resources and
the environment
Square deal
“No more, No less”
• Arbitration (UMW)
• Conservation• Reclamation
• National Park Service
•Federal Children’s Bureau
•Creation of a Dept. of Labor
•8 hr. workday
•Mann-Elkins Act
•Aligns with Conservative
Republicans and splits with Roosevelt’s
Progressives.
•Dollar DiplomacyGoodness gracious, I must have been dozing
•TR forms his own party called the Progressive “Bull Moose Party”……..
The Progressive Party& Theodore RooseveltThe Progressive Party& Theodore Roosevelt
New Freedom
Goal: • Favored an active role in
economic and social affairs.
• Favored small businesses and the free functioning and unregulated and unmonopolized markets.
• Tackle the “triple wall of triple wall of privilegeprivilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.
1. Similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism.
Goal: • Continuation of his Square
Deal which were reforms to help the common man.
• Favored a more active govt role in economic and social affairs.
1. Good trusts vs. bad trusts2. Direct election of senators3. Tariff reduction4. Presidential primaries5. Regulation of monopolies6. End child labor7. Initiative and referendum8. Women’s suffrage
New Nationalism
GOP Divided by Bull Moose
Equals Democratic Victory!
GOP Divided by Bull Moose
Equals Democratic Victory!
William Howard Taft
President of the United States (1909–1913)
Woodrow Wilson
President of the United States (1913-1921)