Dr.Praveenkumar AivalliDr.Rajendra Awate

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS

& INJURIES

Contents•Introduction•Causes •Preventions•Ergonomics•Summary

Introduction

An accident is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of intention or necessity.

“that occurrence in sequence of events which usually produces unintended injury, death or property damage’’.

WHO defines accident as “ an unpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage”.

Accident

Unpremeditated events resulting in recognizable damage Feeling of misfortune, unavoidable nature

Injury

A bodily lesion due to acute exposure to energy beyond the physiological tolerance.

In some cases injury is due to insufficiency of a vital element

Industrial accidents

Industrial disasters or accidents, which are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence or incompetence. They are a form of industrial accident where great damage, injury or loss of life are caused.

200,000 deaths per year in SEARRisk factors Physical(Heat) Chemical(Pesticides) Biological(Animal bites)

4 “M”s Mechanical Injuries Manual labour Man machine interaction Mental condition

Causes of Accidents

The causes may be human or mechanical failures. The two broad sources of the accidents may be classified in to:Unsafe conditions and Unsafe actions

Factors contributing to accidents

MechanicalEnvironmentHumanHuman mechanical causes

Mechanical causes

In adequately guardedUnguardedUnsafe design or constructionHazardous arrangement

Environmental Causes

IlluminationVentilationTemperatureSpeed of workHours of WorkSpread over work periodWorkload

Human causes

Individual factorsAgeMarriageEducationHealthLength of ServiceWork performance

Psychological FactorsAttitude towards JobInterest & difficultiesMachine habitsAttentionFatigue

Personality factorsIntellectual levelEmotional maturityAdjustmentAnxiety level

Sociological factorsSize of familyNumber of dependentsFinancial positionSocial StatusInterpersonal relationsHome Environment

Accident Prevention

Three “Es’’ of Safety- Engineering- Education - Enforcement

In selection of equipments, the following points are to be borne in mind :(a) Type of hazard to be faced(b) Selection of right type of personal protective equipment(c) Availability of correct equipment in good condition at the work spot(d) Training of workers to use the equipment(e) Convincing the workers that the equipment is used will protect them from

hazard(f) Making it a habit with the worker to use the equipment,(g) Degree of protection needed(h) East and comfort with which it can be used and freedom of movement with

equipment which should not hamper performance of the worker(i) Maintenance of these equipment(j) Periodical check up(k) Good earthing

Safety Audit:

1. Objectives:a. Critically to evaluate safety Programme.b. Evaluate the systems to identify and control hazards.c. Check that the above system meets the statutory standards

and codes of practice.2. Benefits:

a. Strengthening of the organization safety standard and Programme.

b. Improve the skill and performance of employee and managers.

c. Helps to create group and self awareness and provides motivation.

d. Identifies specific deficiencies in the safety Programme e. Provides timely information before any injury producing

incident occurs .

Mechanism

Safety audit shall be carried out at three levels(i) Level - 1 : Internal Audit inspection by Safety Officers from within the factory once in every three months.(ii) Level - II : Audit inspection by a group comprising of 3 officers of the factories in the concerned group, once in a period of six months.(iii) Level - III : Annual Audit inspection by the RegionalController of Safety / O.F. Board.

Controlling Accidents

Discover the causesControl environmental causesControl behaviorist causesSupplementary activities

Reporting Accidents

The first step in effective investigation is the prompt reporting of accidents. Hiding small accidents does not help prevent serious accidents that kill people. If the accidents are not reporting by the employees, they are stealing the authority of the management to prevent accidents.

Reasons to investigate accidents and investigation

To know and understand what happened.To gather information and data for present and future use.To deter cause and effect. To provide answers for the effectiveness of intervention and prevention approaches.To document the circumstances for legal and workers’ compensation issues.To become a vital component of your Safety and health program.

General Duties of the occupier

• The arrangements in the factory for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances;

• The provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure the health and safety of all workers at work;

General Duties of the occupier

• The maintenance of all places of work in the factory in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of such means of access to, and egress from, such places as are safe and without such risks;

• The provision, maintenance or monitoring of such working environment in the factory for the workers that is safe, without risks to health and adequate as regards facilities and arrangements for their welfare at work.

Safety Committee

Is a must in every factory – wherein 250 or more workers are ordinarily employed, or which carries on any process or operation declared to be dangerous under Section 87 of the Act; orwhich carries on “Hazardous Process” as defined in Factories Act.

Ergonomics:

• Recognized discipline and constitutes an integral part of any advanced occupational health service.

• It simply means “fitting the job to the worker”.

• The object of ergonomics is “to achieve the best mutual adjustment of man and his work, for the improvement of human efficiency and well being”.

• The application of ergonomics has made a significant contribution in reducing industrial accidents and over all health efficiency of the worker.

Summary“ An unpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage.

Causes : Mechanical, Environment, Human, Human mechanical causes

Prevention of accidents : Planning, safety, process, machines, protection, good work environment, legislations.

Selection of equipments

Reporting of accidents

Ergonomics : “fitting the job to the worker”.

That’s allTHANK YOU