access financial | europe

European Economic Area & Switzerland

ArmeniaAustria

BelgiumBulgaria

CroatiaCyprus

Czech RepublicDenmark

EstoniaFinlandFrance

Germany

GreeceGibraltarHungary

IrelandItaly

LatviaLithuania

LuxembourgMalta

NorwayPoland

Portugal

RomaniaRussia

SlovakiaSlovenia

SpainSweden

SwitzerlandThe Netherlands

TurkeyUnited Kingdom

Edition 2015/01

Country Solutions Self Employed

EmployedPersonal Company Local Entity (if any)

Retentions Work Permits

Locally Seconded /Posted Minimum Maximum Capability Time Average Costs

Armenia √ 69% 71%Austria √ 59% 66%Belgium √ √ √ √ AFI Belgium Sprl 45% 72% Yes 4 - 6 weeks EUR 1100Bulgaria √ 81% 81%Croatia √ TBA TBACyprus √ √ AFSS Access Financial Cyprus Ltd 75% 80%Czech Republic √ 62% 68%Denmark √ AFSS Denmark ApS 52% 67% Yes 6 -8 weeks EUR 1375Estonia √ 61% 70%Finland √ 65% 75%France √ √ √ √ 52% 78%Germany √ √ √ AFI Germany GmbH 45% 78% Yes 8-12 weeks EUR 1500Greece √ 54% 62%Gibraltar √ 73% 76%Hungary √ √ 48% 49%Ireland √ √ 50% 73%Italy √ 51% 65%Latvia √ 74% 75%Lithuania √ 75% 81%Luxembourg √ 60% 74%Malta √ 69% 69%Netherlands √ AFI Netherlands BV 49% 64% Yes 4 - 6 weeks EUR 1500-1850Norway √ √ 53% 73%Poland √ 71% 74%Portugal √ 65% 70%Romania √ √ 69% 78%Russia √∗ √ 72% 90% Yes∗∗ 5 - 8 weeks EUR 1500Slovakia √ 59% 65%Slovenia √ 56% 60%Spain √ 65% 75%Sweden √ √ 49% 63% Yes 4 - 8 weeks EUR 1500Switzerland √ Access Financial Services Sàrl 70% 75%Turkey √ 50% 78%United Kingdom √ √ I-Contracts Ltd 57% 68%

∗ Only Russian nationals

∗∗ Normally only for Moscow

Access Financial European Solutions Summary 2015 - 2016

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium

SolutionLocal Payroll

Key FeaturesThe contractors are employed by AFSS Denmark ApS, the Access Financial group company in Denmark.

Employed contractors can take the advantage of

the Danish special expatriate tax regime. This is applicable for a maximum of 60 months for annual gross salaries above DKK 70,600, providing the applicants have not been taxed in Denmark in the preceding 10 years.

AFSS Denmark is insured with €5,000,000 covers for employers’ and business liabilities.

Work PermitWork Permit and Business Visa services available. Work permit processing: 6-8 weeks; business visa processing: 2-6 weeks.

EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Denmark without a work permit.

Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through our local company, AFSS Denmark ApS to obtain the necessary work permit.

TaxesTax year: calendar year.

Progressive multiple taxes and contribution amounting to 59%.

With expatriate tax regime, the tax rates are 26% and market contribution 8%, a total of 34%.

Social SecuritySocial security is obligatory in Denmark except for contractors already paying social contributions in their home country and holding a valid social security certi�cate, A1 or equivalent.

Danish employee contributions amount to about 8% of the gross income plus DKK 1,080 per year

Typical Retention52% - 67%

SolutionsLocal payroll, Seconded by an AF group company, Self-employed, Personal Service Company

Key FeaturesLocal payroll is provided by AFI Belgium Sprl, the Access Financial Group company in Belgium.

Employed and seconded contractors can take advantage of the special Belgian expatriate tax regime for temporary non-resident workers.

Seconded contractors are employed by an Access Financial company in an EU country where they can take advantage of lower social security contributions.

AFI Belgium is insured with €5,000,000 covers for employers’ and business liabilities.


EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Belgium without a work permit.

Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through our local company, AFI Belgium Sprl to obtain the necessary work permit.


Progressive tax rates, top rate of 50%. Municipalities may levy surcharges on income tax, on average 7-7.5%

Social SecuritySocial security is obligatory in Belgium except for contractors already paying social contributions in their home country and holding a valid social security certi�cate, A1 or equivalent.

Belgian employer and employee contributions are respectively 33% and 13.07%. Self-employed contractors pre-pay their contributions quarterly (EUR 659.61 in the �rst year) and then adjusted at year-end based on income (maximum social security contribution is EUR 3,998.67 per quarter).


Denmark SolutionBelgium Solution

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium

SolutionsLocal Payroll, Self-employed, Personal Service Company

Key FeaturesLocal payroll is provided by AFI Germany GmbH, the Access Financial group company in Germany. AFI Germany holds an AUG Licence that allows labour leasing to local end clients.

AFI Germany is insured with a €5,000,000 cover for employers’ and business liability.


EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Germany without a permit.

Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through our local company, AFI Belgium Sprl. to obtain the necessary permit before starting their work in the country.

Nationals of Australia, Brazil, Israel, Japan, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand and the US can apply for their permit in Germany after their arrival.


Progressive tax rates, top rate of 45%. A solidarity tax is calculated at a rate of 5.5% of the income tax. Members of the Catholic or Protestant churches are liable for an optional Church Tax of 8-9%. Business pro�ts are subject to municipal taxes of up to 17%.

Social SecuritySocial security is obligatory in Germany except for employed contractors already paying social contributions in their home country and holding a valid social security certi�cate, A1 or equivalent.

German employers and employees contributions amount to about 40% of the gross income.

Self-employed contractors are not liable for social charges, but must take out a German health insurance policy unless already paying social contributions in their home country and holding a valid social security certi�cate, A1 or equivalent.


SolutionLocal Payroll, Seconded by an AF Group company, Self-employed, Personal Service Company

Key FeaturesLocal payroll is provided by AFI International SA, registered in France as foreign employer.

Foreign contractors can take advantage of the special French expatriate tax regime provided they have not been tax residents in France during the previous �ve years.

Seconded contractors are employed by an Access Financial company in an EU country where they can take advantage of lower social security contributions.

AFI International is insured with a €5,000,000 cover for employers’ and business liability.

Work PermitEU and EFTA nationals are free to work in France without a work permit. For the employed solution, Croatian nationals must hold a degree equivalent to a French Master’s.

Non EU/EFTA nationals must have a work permit before the start of their work in the country.

Access Financial cannot sponsor work permits in France.


Progressive tax rates, top rate of 45% (+4% for incomes above a yearly EUR 500,000)

Social SecuritySocial security is obligatory in France except for contractors already paying social contributions in their home country and holding a valid social security certi�cate, A1 or equivalent.

French employer and employee contributions are respectively 45% and 23%.

Social security contribution for self-employed contractors are approximately 30% of the gross income.


Germany SolutionFrance Solution

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium

SolutionsLocal Payroll

Key FeaturesContractors are employed by I-Contracts, the Access Financial Services group company registered in Sweden.

Foreign contractors can take advantage of the Expatriate Tax Regime which exempts 25% of the remuneration from Swedish tax and social security contributions.

I-Contracts is insured with €5,000,000 covers for employers’ and business liabilities.


EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Sweden without a work permit.

Non EU/EFTA nationals must have a work permit before coming to the country and can be sponsored by Access Financial.


Progressive income tax rates, top rate of 25%. Municipal tax rate of 31.86%.

Social SecuritySocial security is obligatory for all employees unless they are already paying social charges in their own country and hold an A1 certi�cate or equivalent.

Employer and employee contribution are respectively 31.42% and 7%.


Sweden Solution

SolutionLocal Payroll, Personal Service Company

Key FeaturesContractors are employed I-Contracts, the Access Financial Services group company registered in Norway.

Employed contractors can take advantage of the Norwegian special expatriate tax regime that allows a deduction of 10% of the gross income (maximum NOK 40,000 per year) and can be used for maximum 2 years.

I-Contracts is insured with €5,000,000 covers for employers’ and business liabilities.

Work PermitEU and EFTA nationals are free to work in Norway without a work permit.

Non EU/EFTA nationals must have a work permit before the start of their work in the country.

Access Financial cannot sponsor work permits in Norway.


Progressive tax rates, top rate of 12%. Municipal tax rate of 27%


Employer and employee contributions are respectively 14.1% and 8.2%.


Norway Solution

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium

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Denmark

France

Germany

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland

Netherlands

Belgium


Key FeaturesThe contractors are employed by AFI Netherlands BV, the Access Financial group company in the Netherlands. AFI Netherlands B.V. is licensed by the Dutch Chamber of Commerce to provide labour leasing in the country.

Employed contractors can take advantage of the special 30% Ruling, an allowance to compensate for or prevent expenses outside the country of origin.

AFI Netherlands is insured with €5,000,000 covers for employers’ and business liabilities.


EU and EFTA nationals are free to work in the Netherlands without a work permit.

Non EU/EFTA nationals can be sponsored through our local company, AFI Netherlands to obtain the necessary work permit.

AFI holds a KMR (Knowledge Migrant Ruling) license to hire highly skilled non-EU/EFTA nationals under a special residence permit.


Progressive tax rates, top rate of 52%.


Employers and employee contribute each 7.75% to the health service and employers pay a further 11.45% for other social charges. In addition, employer has to contribute 2.67% to StiPP on behalf of the contractor.

Contractors living or working in the Netherlands are obliged by law to take out a health insurance to protect against the �nancial risks of illness and hospital admission.


The Netherlands Solution


Key FeaturesContractors are employed by Access Financial Services (AFSS) Sàrl, the Access Financial group headquarters. AFSS holds a labour leasing licence that allows labour leasing to local end clients.

AFSS is insured with €5,000,000 covers for employers’ and business liabilities.

Work PermitEU and EFTA nationals (with the exception of Bulgarians, Croatians and Romanians) are free to work in Switzerland with a temporary residence permit.

Bulgarians, Croatians and Romanians are subject to immigration quotas and together with non EU/EFTA nationals must have a work permit before the start of their work in the country.

Access Financial cannot sponsor work permits.


Swiss tax rates are progressive at both federal and cantonal levels. The taxes tables differ from canton to canton. In addition, municipal taxes are levied as a multiple of cantonal taxes. Overall the annual tax rate is lower than in many EU or EFTA countries.

Social SecurityFederal old age and disability insurance is obligatory for all employees. Total social security contributions are 12.5%, equally divided between the employer and employee.

In addition, contractors living or working in the country must by law take out a Swiss health insurance within three months of arrival.


Switzerland Solution

Access Financial is the leading international management company headquartered in Nyon, Switzerland providing unique workforce management solutions for recruitment companies; contractors and end clients throughout the whole of Europe, Africa, Asia and Russia.

Countries served in Asia• China• Hong Kong• India• Indonesia• Singapore• Vietnam

Countries served in Africa• D R Congo• Egypt• Ghana• Kenya• Morocco• Mozambique• Nigeria• South Africa• Tanzania• Tunisia• Zimbabwe

We also provide services in Russia.

Contact usWe would be delighted to hear from you and tell you more about our services and how we can help you and your agency with contracting matters in Europe and elsewhere.

Access Financial International SA (Head O翿 ce)Chemin de Précossy 7, Case Postale 2123,CH-1260, NyonSwitzerland

Telephone: +41 22 365 4620Facsimile: +41 22 365 4621 Email: info@access�nancial.ch

www.access�nancial.ch

United Kingdom o翿 ceBarbican House, 24-36 Old Street, London,EC1V 9QQTelephone: +44 20 7017 3110Fax: +44 20 7017 3119

Cyprus o翿 ceSuite 402, Pavlides Court,Corner of Ayiou Andreou & Archbishop Kyprianou Street,3036 LimassolTelephone: +357 25 820 640Fax: +357 25 341 027

access financial | europe

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