ACCESS CONTROL ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM USING RFID AND SYSTEM USING RFID AND

ZIGBEEZIGBEEThe envisage to modern buildingThe envisage to modern building

S.PradheepS.Pradheep

S.Vivek SwaminathanS.Vivek Swaminathan

T.Balaji SrinivasanT.Balaji Srinivasan

Key pointsKey points

Access controlAccess control is the ability to permit or is the ability to permit or deny the use of something by someone.deny the use of something by someone.

Why access control???Why access control???

Human-Less Monitoring of parameter such Human-Less Monitoring of parameter such as Security, attendance logging, etc,.as Security, attendance logging, etc,.

..

ObjectiveObjective

Access Control System should beAccess Control System should be

Extremely AffordableExtremely Affordable StandaloneStandalone Easily Deployable (Fit n Forget)Easily Deployable (Fit n Forget) User FriendlyUser Friendly Longer Operability Longer Operability

CC2420(Zigbee)

AVR µC RFID Module(with 8051 uC)

SPI Serial

Our Entire SystemOur Entire System

RFID

Why RFID????Why RFID????

No line of sight requirementNo line of sight requirement The tag can withstand harsh environments The tag can withstand harsh environments Long read rangeLong read range Portable database Portable database Multiple tag read/write. Multiple tag read/write. Tracking people, items, and equipment in Tracking people, items, and equipment in

real-timereal-time

What is RFID?What is RFID?

Automatic Identification Method,Automatic Identification Method, Storing and remotely retrieving data using Storing and remotely retrieving data using

devices called RFID tagsdevices called RFID tags An RFID tag is an object that can be An RFID tag is an object that can be

attached to or incorporated into a product, attached to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of animal, or person for the purpose of identification using radio wavesidentification using radio waves

Types of RFID tags Types of RFID tags

Active TAG – Internal Battery PoweredActive TAG – Internal Battery PoweredPassive TAG – Powered by ReaderPassive TAG – Powered by ReaderSemi-Passive TAG – only Chip is Powered Semi-Passive TAG – only Chip is Powered

by Battery. Transmission power obtained by Battery. Transmission power obtained from readerfrom reader

Chipless TAG – No chip present, available Chipless TAG – No chip present, available in the form of thin stickersin the form of thin stickers

Our RFID readerOur RFID reader

Passive Reader125 KHz ModuleCan be interfaced easily

to uC through Serial Communication

Affordable

Our RFID SystemOur RFID System

KEIL Software

Working RFID ModuleWorking RFID Module

ApplicationsApplications Some other areas where passive RFID has been applied in recent Some other areas where passive RFID has been applied in recent

past are:past are: Person Identification Person Identification Food Production Control Food Production Control Vehicle Parking Monitoring Vehicle Parking Monitoring Toxic Waste Monitoring Toxic Waste Monitoring Valuable Objects Insurance Identification Valuable Objects Insurance Identification Asset Management Asset Management Access Control Access Control

Short range or proximity applications are typically access control Short range or proximity applications are typically access control applications.applications.

Some main areas are:Some main areas are: Access control Access control Mass transit ticketing Mass transit ticketing

ZIGBEE

WIRELESS over wiredWIRELESS over wired

FlexibilityFlexibility ScalabilityScalability Ease of deploymentEase of deployment RetrofittingRetrofitting Reduced cost Reduced cost Fit and forgetFit and forget

Protocols OverviewProtocols Overview

ZigBee802.15.4

Wi-Fi802.11b

Wi-Fi5802.11a/HL2

GSM/CDMA GPRS/3G LMDS

High Data RateLow Data Rate

Sh

ort

Ran

geL

ong

Ran

ge

WAN

LAN

PAN

Bluetooth 2

Text

Digitalvideo Multi-channel

video

GraphicsInternet

Hi-Fiaudio Streaming

video

Bluetooth 1802.15.1

WiMedia802.15.3

Why ZIGBEE ???Why ZIGBEE ???

Reliable and Self HealingReliable and Self Healing Supports large number of nodesSupports large number of nodes Easy to deployEasy to deploy Very long battery lifeVery long battery life SecureSecure Low costLow cost Less channel access timesLess channel access times Can be used globallyCan be used globally

What is Zigbee?What is Zigbee?

Specification of protocols for small, low-power radios

Operates at 868.3MHz,902-928MHz,2.4-2.48MHz

Zigbee-Alliance Companies developing and promoting

the standard 150+ members

Silicon

PHY Layer

MAC Layer

LLC Layer

Network Layer

ZigbeeStack

Application

Application Interface

Application

Cu

stom

er Zig

bee A

llian

ce

IEE

E

Zigbee Stack

CC2420 CC2420 A Zigbee IC from Texas instruments that has both A Zigbee IC from Texas instruments that has both physical and MAC layerphysical and MAC layer

EasyBee Module

True single-chip 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 compliant RF transceiver Low current consumption Programmable output power 128(RX) + 128(TX) byte data

buffering Hardware MAC encryption Battery monitor

Our Zigbee Develop. board

AVR Studio

DATA TRANSMISSION VIEWED USING PACKET SNIFFER

VIEW OF RF STUDIO

Low Data Rate Radio Devices

TV VCR DVD CD Remote

Mouse Keyboard Joystick Gamepad

Security HVAC Lighting Closures

PETs Game boys Educational

Monitors Diagnostics Sensors

Industrial & Commercial

Consumer Electronics

Personal Healthcare

Monitors Sensors Automation Control

Toys &

Games

Home Automation

PC Peripherals

Zigbee –Application scenarios

WorkingWorking

Working Overview

RFID Tag by user

Enter Password

Check Password

Store in Memory

Data Above threshold

Transmit using Zigbee

Received th’ serial port

Update the database

Zigbee

Computer

RFID Module

Typical ScenarioTypical Scenario

Co-ordinator Node,

interfaced to PC

11

2233

44

55

Overall PictureOverall Picture

OutputOutput

Future WorkFuture Work

Uploading the RFID accumulated data Uploading the RFID accumulated data directly to the internet using an Ethernet directly to the internet using an Ethernet module (without a PC).module (without a PC).

ConclusionConclusion

Cost estimateCost estimate Cost per single node:Cost per single node: The bill of materials for a single stand alone node is: The bill of materials for a single stand alone node is:

(what we have designed and used)(what we have designed and used)

1. ATmega32L microcontroller 1. ATmega32L microcontroller -- Rs. 220Rs. 220 2. EasyBee CC2420 module2. EasyBee CC2420 module -- Rs. 1260Rs. 1260 3. PCB and Connectors3. PCB and Connectors - - Rs. 250Rs. 250 4. Discrete Components4. Discrete Components - - Rs. 120Rs. 120 5. RFID reader & antenna - Rs.16005. RFID reader & antenna - Rs.1600 Micro controller & other IC - Rs.140Micro controller & other IC - Rs.140 ------------------------------

Grand TotalGrand Total -- Rs. 3590Rs. 3590

Cost……Cost……

Initial cost may be high.Initial cost may be high. When manufactured in bulk say 1000 When manufactured in bulk say 1000

pieces the price would still reduce to about pieces the price would still reduce to about Rs 1600 and low.Rs 1600 and low.

Suitable to be installed in Suitable to be installed in schools ,libraries, colleges, private offices schools ,libraries, colleges, private offices etc.etc.

We have proposed a solution withWe have proposed a solution with

FlexibilityFlexibility ScalabilityScalability Ease of deploymentEase of deployment RetrofittingRetrofitting Reduced cost Reduced cost

Other Possible Applications

Attendance logging File tracking Parking Automation Human tracking Device control Home Automation Temperature sensing Wireless chatting