access and benefit-sharing of animal genetic resources cgrfa16

Access and Benefit-Sharing of AnimalGenetic Resources:

About the need to think out of the box

Ilse Köhler-RollefsonLeague for Pastoral Peoples and

Endogenous Livestock Development (LPP)

„Two types of breeds/AnGR“High output of one-product, highinputs, artificial environment,calculated diet

Multi-functional, severalproducts, cope with challengingenvironment and variability

• For adapting to climate change , for a greeneconomy, and for mitigating the climateimpact of agriculture, humanity will requirethe multi-functional breeds and their adaptivetraits!

• Many of them have been developed bypastoralists, others – especially poultry andpig breeds – are the product of indigenousand smallholder communities

• For adapting to climate change , for a greeneconomy, and for mitigating the climateimpact of agriculture, humanity will requirethe multi-functional breeds and their adaptivetraits!

• Many of them have been developed bypastoralists, others – especially poultry andpig breeds – are the product of indigenousand smallholder communities

Pastoralist herds:

Mobile banks of fitness genes –physiological adaptations to extremeweather and unconventional feed stuffs

Mobile banks of fitness genes –physiological adaptations to extremeweather and unconventional feed stuffs

Biological diversity: In Rajasthan camels and goats convert 36different fodder species into milk, meat, manure and fibre

Making use of waste and fertilizing atthe same time

BUT: we can not REDUCE functionalityto genetic traits!

Knowledge of herder Knowledge of animals

Feeding behaviour is learned, passed on from oneanimal generation to the next (Kraetli, 2008)

Animals can not easily be transferred from one eco-system to the other

Functionality in challengingenvironments

• Not just a matter of physiological traits andinstinct, but also of LEARNED BEHAVIOUR!

• Pastoralist herds are LIVING HERITAGEresources that can not be conserved out ofcontext and in gene-banks, but ONLY in-situ.

• Not just a matter of physiological traits andinstinct, but also of LEARNED BEHAVIOUR!

• Pastoralist herds are LIVING HERITAGEresources that can not be conserved out ofcontext and in gene-banks, but ONLY in-situ.

Implications for Access and Benefit-Sharing

If humanity wants to have ACCESS to these„resources“ in the future, then they need tobe sustainably managed in their respectiveecological and social contexts.

If humanity wants to have ACCESS to these„resources“ in the future, then they need tobe sustainably managed in their respectiveecological and social contexts.

What is ACCESS with respect to AnGR?

• Access to AnGR is not just about contractsbetween specific providers and commercialusers (MTAs)

• Access is about ensuring survival of a pool ofgenes long into the future.

• Otherwise we will lose opportunities foradapting to climate change, as well as for foodproduction in harsh environments and withminimal inputs!

• Access to AnGR is not just about contractsbetween specific providers and commercialusers (MTAs)

• Access is about ensuring survival of a pool ofgenes long into the future.

• Otherwise we will lose opportunities foradapting to climate change, as well as for foodproduction in harsh environments and withminimal inputs!

Nagoya Protocol requires governments tosupport Community Protocols

Biocultural Community Protocolsdocument the role of acommunity in conserving animalgenetic resources and eco-systems, contribute to visibilityand awareness.

They are both a document and aprocess.

Biocultural Community Protocolsdocument the role of acommunity in conserving animalgenetic resources and eco-systems, contribute to visibilityand awareness.

They are both a document and aprocess.

This is an opportunity!

for countries to better understand:

• their animal genetic resources,

• the social contexts in which they exist,

• the threats that they are exposed to,

• thereby laying the foundation for their long-term

participatory conservation.

for countries to better understand:

• their animal genetic resources,

• the social contexts in which they exist,

• the threats that they are exposed to,

• thereby laying the foundation for their long-term

participatory conservation.

Community Breeds Country Status

Raika camel, Nari cattle, Boti sheep, Sirohi goat India finalized

Banni Maldhari Banni buffalo India finalized

Rebari and Jatt Kutchi and Kharai camels India finalized

Bargur Hill cattle Bargur Hill Cattle India finalized

Attappady goatbreeders

Attapatty goat India finalized

Pullikulum cattlebreeders

Pullikulum cattle India finalizedPullikulum cattlebreeders

Pullikulum cattle India finalized

Pashtoon Various breeds Pakistan finalized

Samburu Red Maasai sheep Kenya finalized

Golla Ganjam goat India In prep

Kuruba Kuruba shepherding system, incl. Deccanibreed

India In prep

Kangayam cattlebreeders

Kangayam cattle India In prep

Malgaddi Brela camel Pakistan In prep

Example: Brela camel from Pakistan

Camel population developmentglobally and in India

16www.lpps.org,

www.camelsofrajasthan.com. [email protected], #09660083437

Why?

• Demand for camels as work animals hasreduced – replaced by tractors, trucks andcars.

• It is not allowed to take camels out ofRajasthan – so nobody dares/wants to buy.

• There are no income opportunities fromcamels. In order to save their ownlivelihoods, camel breeders are forced to doaway with their whole herds.

• Demand for camels as work animals hasreduced – replaced by tractors, trucks andcars.

• It is not allowed to take camels out ofRajasthan – so nobody dares/wants to buy.

• There are no income opportunities fromcamels. In order to save their ownlivelihoods, camel breeders are forced to doaway with their whole herds.

www.lpps.org,www.camelsofrajasthan.com. E-mail

[email protected], #0966008343717

Camels can not be saved without Rajasthan‘sunique Raika camel culture. They are the

guardians of the camel!



The Raika require economic incentives to continue acting asguardians. If their livelihoods are ensured, then the camel will be

saved and young people enter the profession.



We need to capitalize on the potential of thecamel to produce a range of eco-friendly,

healthy heritage products to generate incomefor the Raika







A growing global market for camel milk

Premium product for health benefitsUSAustralia IndiaUAE

Retail price per litre

FAO estimates global camel milk market may growto $10 billion annually

Rs 1178Rs 2400Rs 300 Rs 600

21www.lpps.org,

www.camelsofrajasthan.com. [email protected], #09660083437

Different approaches toagrobiodiversity conservation:

PGR: Svalbard AnGR: A network of communitybased „breed repositories“

Required Benefits forPastoralists/Livestock keeping

comunities

• Grazing Rights• Value chain development /infrastructure for

local processing• Marketing• Veterinary care• Capacity and Organisation Building

• Grazing Rights• Value chain development /infrastructure for

local processing• Marketing• Veterinary care• Capacity and Organisation Building

Resulting Benefits for Society at large

• Genetic diversity for adaptation to climatechange

• Healthy heritage products• Provision of ecological services – seed

dispersal, organic fertilizer• Livelihoods, thriving rural areas

• Genetic diversity for adaptation to climatechange

• Healthy heritage products• Provision of ecological services – seed

dispersal, organic fertilizer• Livelihoods, thriving rural areas

If we invest in such comprehensive approaches, beyondMaterial Transfer Agreements, we will combine:

•Conservation of AnGr with conservation ofecosystems/biodiversity at large

•Conservation of AnGr with climate changeadaptation

•Conservation of AnGr with rural development

If we invest in such comprehensive approaches, beyondMaterial Transfer Agreements, we will combine:

•Conservation of AnGr with conservation ofecosystems/biodiversity at large

•Conservation of AnGr with climate changeadaptation

•Conservation of AnGr with rural development

Local AnGr are a crucial pivot for theimplementation of SDG 2, and manyothers…

IF….we adopt a wider concept of Access and Benefit-Sharing of animal genetic resources that createsbenefits for the pastoralists and livestock keepersthat have created and steward them!

IF….we adopt a wider concept of Access and Benefit-Sharing of animal genetic resources that createsbenefits for the pastoralists and livestock keepersthat have created and steward them!

Thank You!

www.pastoralpeoples.org, [email protected]

access and benefit-sharing of animal genetic resources cgrfa16

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