Accelerated World HistoryOctober 26, 2015

Warm Up – October 26, 2015

• The 5 Pillars of Islam contain all of the following EXCEPT:

A. FaithB. PrayerC. AlmsD. Feasting

Agenda

• Islam• Ch. 10 Outline

• Reminders: • Chapter 8 due Today• Chapter 10 Outline due Friday

Essential Question

•What makes someone popular?

The Muslim World

Geography of the Muslim World

• Crossroads of Three Continents• Desert Land with little fertile soil• Bedouins or Nomads live in Clans

Arabia before the Rise of Islam

• Regionalized System of Clans and Bedouins • Blood Feuds or “Vendettas over

Honor” were rampant • Umayyad Clan controls the politics

and economy• Women were allowed to be unveiled

and enjoyed some economic freedoms, but were limited socially• Polytheistic blend of animistic

religion (lukewarm)

The Prophet Muhammad

• 570 AD Muhammad born into Meccan Clan• Becomes a trader marries a

wealthy woman Khadijah• Gabriel appears before him and is

a messenger of Allah. • Founds Islam “Submission to the

will of Allah” • Becomes a Muslim “One who

Submits”

Rise and Persecution

• Muhammad makes substantial gains in establishing a following. • Umayyad Clan see Muhammad as an rebel. •Muhammad flees to Medina during what is called the “Hijra”

Beliefs and Practices of Islam

• One God- Allah• Good and Evil Exists• Blend of Christian and Judaism Structures•Muhammad rose to heaven to learn Allah’s will• Five Pillars of Islam:• 1. Faith 2. Prayer 3. Charity 4. Fasting 5. Pilgrimage

Customs of Islam

• Source of Authority- Allah• Qur’an-Holy Book (Allah’s revelations to Muhammad)• Follow the Sunna (Example for Proper Living)• Shari’a (Body of Laws)

Links to Judaism and Christianity

• To Muslims- Allah is the same God worshipped by Jews and Christians• Qur’an-Torah-Gospels Contain God’s Will• All three believe in Eternal Life and Day of Judgement•Muslims practice religious tolerance and call Christians and Jews “People of the Book”

Converts and “People of the Book”• “People of the Book or dhimmi”-Jews and Christians• Converts- “Mawali” • Payed a “Jizya” or head tax for being a non-believer• Enjoyed Religious freedom• Not Part of the “Umma” or Community of the Faithful

Succession Crisis

•Muhammad’s death spawns crisis•Who becomes the Caliph (leader)? • Sunnis- Believe the Caliph should be rightly guided• Shi’a- Believe that the Caliph should be a descendant from Muhammad

Muhammad’s Successor Spreads Islam•Muhammad dies in 632 AD • Abu-Bakr becomes first Caliph-”Successor”• Jihad –Armed struggle with unbelievers• By 750 AD, Muslim Empire stretches from Atlantic Ocean to Indus River

Shi’a and Sunni Split

• Shi’a Muslims believe Caliph should be descendant of Muhammad• Sunni- Followers of Muhammad

(Support Umayyads)

• Sufi- Pursue life of Poverty reject Umayyads• 750 AD the Abbasids

overthrow Umayyads

Trade Networks

• Trade by land and sea with Asia and Europe• Speak Arabic, Single Currency, and Checks• Use of Caravan System to Spread goods between Asia and Europe

The Umayyad Empire

Rise of the Umayyads

• Caliph election system fails• Decadent Society• Abandoned the core principles of Islam• Umayyads move the Muslim capital to Damascus (Syria)

Down fall of the Umayyads

• Decadence • Rise of the Abbasids (Shi’a) • Destroyed the Umayyads at the Battle of the River Zab • Last remaining part of Umayyads located in Spain • Caliphate of Cordoba

The Abbasid Empire

An Empire of Three Continents

• Abbasids destroy Umayyad family • One survivor of Umayyad family: al-Rahman flees to Spain and establishes Caliphate in al-Andalus

• 762 AD Abbasids move Muslim capital to Baghdad• Access to Trade and provides strong bureaucracy.

Abbasid Empire

• Relocate Capital to Baghdad• Persian Customs and Traditions • Less Tolerant than Umayyads regarding non-believers• Non-Believers heavily Taxed

Succession Disputes in the Abbasid Empire • Imperial Extravagance and Succession

Disputes• Extravagance amazed visitors

• Luxury and palace intrigue/manipulations

• Harun al-Rashid gains Throne at 23 – growing power of royal advisors• signaled shift in power – court advisors now more

important• Now also power struggles between court factions

• Death of Harun al-Rashid led to civil war• Power shift now to military

• Between military and court, assassinations quite common

Decline of the Abbasids

• New Waves of Nomadic Invasions and the End of the Caliphate• Abbasid domains divided as rival states grew• Mongols under Chinggis Khan – 1220s• Grandson – Hulegu continued

• Baghdad overthrown in 1258• Cairo and Istanbul would become dominant

city• Defeated by Mamluks – Turkish slaves

Muslim Culture

• Four Social Classes• Muslims from Birth (Arabs) • Converts- Mawali• “Protected People” (Jews/Christians)

“Dhimmi” (Where majority of taxes came from)

• Slaves

Role of Women

•Women have some rights, but must submit to men•Women’s responsibilities vary with income

Muslim Contributions

• Calligraphy- Beautiful Handwritings•Medical Knowledge- Al-Razi advances• Advance Algebra• Perform Scientific Experiments• Alchemy- Chemical Sciences• “Dhows”-Ships used for Trading along the Indian Oceans

Ch. 10 Outline

• Due Friday•Must include key terms, time periods, events, and people. •Minimum of 3 pages per section•Must be written in Cornell Notes

Islam Reading & Worksheet

• Due at the end of class