Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Session 3: Dimensions of Internet GovernanceAbuse of the Internet

ANG Peng Hwa

Nanyang Technological University tphang@ntu.edu.sg

Internet Governance

Organized by UN Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication

Technology for Development (UN-APCICT)

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Agenda

Learning Objectives: The Internet has characteristics that allow it to be used for dark purposes and so users should be aware of these uses.

Learning Outcomes: To be aware of the more common abuses of the Internet and the actions that can be taken.

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Agenda

What’s Special About the InternetInternet-related Mischiefs

Child PornographyConsumer FraudCopyright infringementDefamation

Internet MischiefsSpam, scams, phishing,Cyberbullying, cyberstalking, identity theftInvasion of privacy

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

What’s Special About the Internet

AnonymityCulture of Anarchy and Lawlessness

John Perry Barlow’s Declaration of Independence for Cyberspace:

"Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyber-space,the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sover-eignty where we gather."

Capability for Networking

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Potential for Minorities to Form

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Barefooters.org

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Harm and Mischief: Child Pornography

Easier to obtain and disseminate child pornInternational cooperation to crackdown

Operation Cathedral 1999 and Operation Ore 2002 . . ., Operation Spade 2013

Simultaneous multi-country raids, sharing of information

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Harm and Mischief: Consumer Fraud Liberalising offline laws

Amending licensing auction laws in Singapore and Commonwealth to allow online auction

Battling online consumer fraud, international cooperationAnnual international Internet sweeps of con-

sumerfraud by ICPEN (International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network)

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Copyright

Easy to pirate and plagiarise informationDomain names as trademarks?

Note that in the USA, many academics are in favour of less restrictive copyright rules

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Defamation

Balancing individual’s interest in reputation vs culture of freedom to speak on the Internet

Need for immunity provision for third-party content—intermediary liability provision Global best practice: Website/Forum owner

should not be held liable for content posted by others provided the owner acts "reasonably" af-terbeing given notice of the defamatory content

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Harm and Mischief: Spam, Scams, Malicious Code, Phishing

Spam(Unsolicited bulk commercial email)Wastes bandwidthPoses security issues—code can be

embedded Scams, Malicious Code and Phishing Phishing:

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Harm and Mischief: Cyberbullying, Cyberstalking, ID Theft

Laws being drawn up to address harms resulting from online use

Also to be considered is Internet addiction, which is excessive use of the Internet to the detriment of schoolworkKorea has a counselling service to

address Internet addiction Revenge porn

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Privacy

2 models:1. EU: privacy is a human right;

comprehensive legislation2. US: privacy is a legal right that can be

contracted away; fragmented legislation

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Can Anything Be Done: Cyber-community Norms

Netiquette Customs, norms and rules of conduct

Community-administered sanctions Isolate, expel norm violators

Should be encouraged by government

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Can Anything Be Done:Self-Help

Sydney Olympic Committee 2000 hired Copyright Control Services to patrol the Internet for unauthorised sites disseminating news about the OlympicsMoscow TV6 forced to stop broadcasting over the

InternetOnline patrolling has since been done for

Olympic events

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Exercise: Take one area and recommend changes to the law:

1. Child pornography

2. Consumer fraud

3. Anti-spam

4. Scams, malicious code and phishing

5. Cyberstalking

6. ID theft

7. Copyright

8. Defamation

9. Privacy

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Can Anything Be Done:International Law

Ad-hoc cooperation on investigating and prosecuting cybercrimes Operation Cathedral, International Consumer

SweepInternational consensus on cybercrimes

Council of Europe Convention on CybercrimeDynamic Coalitions at the Internet

Governance ForumA loose grouping of interested stakeholders

around a significant issue

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Summary

Process of regulation must be transparent, multistakeholder, democratic

4 modes of regulation MarketSocial normsArchitectureGovernment regulation (including self-regulation)

Consider best practiceConsult widely

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Exercise: Changing Internet Rules in IranWhat laws must be changed in order to make

the Internet more effective in Iran?Eg e-commerce, immunity provisions

What laws need to be implemented in order to make the Internet safer?