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ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019

ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY – First Edition

(ACIEQ 2019)

Habitable Built Environment-Experience the Unseen

1st - 2nd February, 2019

New Delhi, India

ABSTRACT

PROCEEDINGS


Dr. T.K. Joshi


Of three types of air pollution, the ambient, household, and indoor, the last one receives little focus in India,

in particular that of researchers. It is understandable given the magnitude of poor air quality that most

investigators have pursued research in ambient air pollution and associated dimensions. However, with the

use of new materials and compact building designs the indoor air quality has undergone sea change. Since

it does not cause acute effects, and rarely ever kills, the issue has not caught the imagination of

researchers and communities. Poor indoor air quality and environment are cause of several building related

illnesses that many physicians are not familiar with. One of the deadliest is Legionnaires disease that can

be fatal in case of elderly and is a key health disorder resulting from poor maintenance of cooling towers.

The lack of prescribed standards for Indoor Air Quality is another reason for lack of awareness about this

important subject. Environmentalists and health professionals must become aware of these issues and try

to understand the environment triggering an altered biological and pathological response of human body.

I hope the conference will shed light on various aspects of IAQ issue and bring it to the attention of policy

makers, regulators, building and construction lobbies and last but not the least HVAC engineers.

I send my best wishes for the success of the conference.

T K Joshi Fellow Collegium Mazzini, Adviser, Environmental Health,

MoEFCC, GOI

MESSAGE


MESSAGE


ACIEQ 2019 COMMITTEE

Organizing Committee

Scientific Committee

Chairman Mr. C. Subhramaniam

ISHRAE

Chairman

Dr. Prasad Modak SIE

Co-Chairman

Prof Mukesh Khare SIE

Co-Chairman

Dr. Jyotirmaya Mathur ISHRAE

Convener

Mr. Richie Mittal IAQA/ISHRAE

Convener

Dr.Radha Goyal SIE

Co Convener Mr. Gaurav Vasudev

ISHRAE

Co Convener

Dr. Priyanka Kulshreshtha SIE

Coordinator

Ms. Rakhi Ghosh SIE

Secretary

Mr. Barun Agarwal

IAQA/ISHRAE

Treasurer

Mr. Amit Goel

ISHRAE

Administration

Mr. Vishal Kapur

ISHRAE

Chair Speaker

Dr.Nitin Deodhar

ISHRAE

Dr. Arun Sharma

SIE

Mr. Ashish Jain SIE

Chair Marketing

Mr.Vikram Murthy ISHRAE

Mr. Kedar Patki

ISHRAE


Chair Sponsorship

Mr. Ashish Rakheja

ISHRAE

Chair -Travel & Hospitality

Mr. Nitin Nayak

IAQA

Chair - Event

Mr. Anoop Ballaney

ISHRAE

Chair Social & Website

Mr. Ashu Gupta

IAQA

Chair Delegate

Mr. Kedar Patki

ISHRAE

Mr. Aakash Patel ISHRAE


Page | 1

Prof. Paolo Carrer

Paolo Carrer, MD, PhD in Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, is a

Professor of Occupational Medicine at the University of Milan, Italy, and Director

of the Occupational Health Unit at the University Hospital ASST Fatebenefratelli

Sacco, Milan. He is Director of the Postgraduate School of Occupational

Medicine, University of Milan. Teaching activities are in Medicine, Prevention

Techniques and Safety Procedures in the Environment and Workplace,

Sciences of Prevention, Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine. His

research interests have centered on Indoor and outdoor air quality and related

health effects, Health Risk Assessment to Chemicals and Risk evaluation and

prevention in hospitals. He has served a Chair of the “Scientific Committee on

Indoor Air Quality and Health” of the International Commission on Occupational

Health (ICOH) and he has participated in expert groups on Indoor Air Quality of

WHO, International Labour Office (ILO), European Union (JRC and DG SANCO) and

Italian Ministry of Health.

Alan Hedge is a Professor in the Department of Design and Environmental

Analysis, Cornell University. His research and teaching activities focus on issues

of design and workplace ergonomics as these affect the health, comfort and

productivity of workers. He has published 41 book chapters, 74 peer-review

journal articles and 164 refereed proceedings articles, 42 other conference

proceedings, 15 technical reports, 13 legislative reports, 15 technical reports, and

151 additional conference presentations on ergonomics and related topics. He

received the 2009 Oliver K. Hansen Outreach Award and the 2003 Alexander J.

Williams Jr. Design Award from the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society for

"outstanding human factors contributions to the design of a major operational

system".

Prof. Alan Hedge

Professor Richard de Dear has been actively involved in IEQ research for the last 38

years. He has held academic posts in the Technical University of Denmark (DTU),

The National University of Singapore (NUS), Macquarie University, and has been

Professor in IEQ at The University of Sydney for the last 10 years where he is

Director of the Indoor Environmental Quality Laboratory in the School of

Architecture, Design and Planning. Prof de Dear is an Academy Fellow of the

International Society of Indoor Air Quality (ISIAQ). He is also currently an editor for

the research journals Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), and Science and Technology

for the Built Environment (ASHRAE).

Prof. Richard de Dear

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

http://www.cosp.unimi.it/offerta_didattica/886.htm

http://www.cosp.unimi.it/offerta_didattica/886.htm


Page | 2

Prof. Mukesh Khare Professor Mukesh Khare is the Fellow of

Institution of Engineers India and Fellow of

Wessex Institute of Great Britain. He is a

Chartered Engineer and was born in

Varanasi, India. He obtained his Ph.D.

degree in Faculty of Engineering from

Newcastle University, UK and has managed

a range of environmental projects

throughout his professional career. With a

specialization in air quality modelling, Prof.

Khare’s experience has covered research

and development studies, teaching,

consulting, modelling, editorial activities. In

addition, Prof. Khare has authored more

than 150 research publications primarily for

peer reviewed journals and conference

proceedings. He has two sons and lives and

work in Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,

India.

Dr. Jyotirmaya Mathur

Dr.-Ing. Jyotirmay Mathur is the Professor in

Mechanical Engineering and Head of

Centre for Energy and Environment at

Malaviya National Institute of Technology,

Jaipur (India). He has done post graduation

in energy studies from the Indian Institute of

Technology, New Delhi (India) and

doctorate in energy systems from University

of Essen (Germany). Dr. Mathur has

published 45 research papers in referred

international journals and has presented

more than 100 papers/talks international

seminars/ conference, besides

authoring/editing 5 books in the field of

energy. Dr. Mathur works in the field of

energy planning and modeling, building

energy simulation, energy conservation in

buildings and life cycle assessment of

renewable energy systems. He has

completed several research projects

including 3 international collaborative

projects. Current activities of Dr. Mathur

include studies on adaptive thermal comfort,

energy simulation of buildings, modeling of

passive cooling systems, and long term

energy system modeling penetration of

renewable energy systems and building

integrated renewable energy systems.

SESSION CHAIRS


Page | 3

Mr. MANOJ CHAKRAVORTI

Mechanical Engineer from IIEST, erstwhile

Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur and

subsequent specialization from Jadavpur

University in Airconditioning & Refrigeration

having Diploma in Management. He has 35

years’ experience in the field of

Airconditioning, Ventilation, Refrigeration

and Building Automation Management

System. Handled number of projects in the

country and abroad. He was an Ex-National

President of ISHRAE. Currently, he is a

member of ASHRAE, IPA,CMAand

President Emeritus, ISHRAE, Kolkata

Chapter and Member of Vision ACREX

Committee.

……………………………………………..

Dr. S.K. Goyal

Dr. S.K. Goyal has done masters in

Chemical Engineering from IIT Roorkee in

the year 1989 and PhD in Environmental

Science & Technology from Nagpur

University in 2002. He has vast research

experience of more than 28 years in the field

of air pollution monitoring, modeling and

management, and environmental impact

assessment, carrying capacity based

developmental planning studies leading to

sustainable development. He has more than

80 research publications in

journals/conference and supervised about 20

M.Sc./M.Tech students. Dr. Goyal is

currently Heading Delhi Zonal Centre of

CSIR-NEERI, and actively working on the air

pollution issues in Delhi NCR, including

indoor air.

……………………………………………..

Dr. Prasad Modak

Dr. Prasad Modak obtained BTech (Civil

Engg-1978) and MTech (Environmental

Science and Engg-1980) from Indian

Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. He

received Doctor of Environmental Engg

from Asian Institute of Technology,

Bangkok, Thailand in 1984. Dr Modak

joined Centre for Environmental Science

and Engg at IIT Bombay as a faculty in

1984. Dr Modak left IIT Bombay in 1995 to

set up Environmental Management Centre.

He has worked with almost all key UN,

multi-lateral and bi-lateral developmental

institutions in the world. Apart from

Government of India and various State

Governments, Dr Modak's advice is sought

by Governments of Bangladesh, Egypt,

Indonesia, Mauritius, Thailand and Vietnam.

He is a Council Member of International


Page | 4

Green Purchasing Network (IGPN),

Columnist for Green Purchasing Asia

magazine that is published from Malaysia

and Chairs Green Purchasing Network

India. He has received a number of awards

and recognitions and his name has been

listed in distinguished personalities on

environmental management.

……………………………………………..

Dr. T.K. Joshi

Dr. T.K. Joshi, is presently the

Advisor(Environmental Health) MoEFCC

and Fellow Collegium Mazzini. He has

formerly been the Project Director at Centre

for Occupational and Environmental health

at Lok Nayak Jai Prakash (LNJP) Hospital

and has worked extensively in the area of

various environmental projects dealing with

respiratory and environmental health. He

was formerly at London School of Hygiene

as a visiting research fellow at the Centre of

Occupational Health. He has been a

national consultant to WHO and has been

associated with several leading corporate

organizations and trade unions. He has

national and international experience and is

an acknowledged expert in the field.

………………………………………………….

Prof. Arun Sharma

Dr. Arun Sharma, is Director-Professor in

the department of Community Medicine at

University College of Medical Sciences,

University of Delhi. He is the professor in-

charge of the tele-medicine unit, and Head

of the Biostatistics and Medical Informatics

department of the college. He is a member

of the core committee of Medical Education

Unit, looking after the faculty development

program. He is a guest faculty at Faculty of

Management Studies, University of Delhi

and Occupational Health Consultant to

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation and Quality

Austria Central Asia Pvt. Limited. He has

been conducting workshops on research

methodology and biostatistics in various

institutions across the country. He had

been awarded Hubert Humphrey Fellowship

to study Epidemiology, Biostatistics and

Mental Health at Johns Hopkins School of

Public Health, USA, in 2004-05, WHO

Travel fellowship in 2002, Rockefeller

ICOWHI Scholarship in 2010 and

Department of Health Research visiting

scholarship to University of Illinois in 2015

for training in GIS and Spatial epidemiology.

He has more than 60 research publications.

His current research interests are

environmental health, spatial epidemiology,

chronic respiratory illnesses, one health and


Page | 5

zoonotic diseases. He is currently working

on three projects related to epidemiology of

chronic respiratory illness and air pollution

funded by Department of Health Research

and Ministry of Environment, Forest &

Climate Change and Ministry of Earth

Sciences, Govt. of India.

…………………………………………………..

Dr. Suresh Jain

Dr. Suresh Jain is Associate Professor at

the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian

IIT Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. He had

received his Ph.D. degree in air quality

modelling for urban transport emissions

from Civil Engineering Department, IIT Delhi

and Master of Technology in Environmental

Engineering and Management from IIT

Kanpur, India. Dr. Jain has more than 15

years’ research, teaching and consultancy

experience in the area of Environmental

Science and Engineering.Dr. Jain was

Professor and Head, Department of Energy

and Environment, TERI SAS (earlier TERI

University), New Delhi. Dr. Jain is expert

member of BRICS Network University on

behalf of Government of India. He is

founding member of Global Centre for

Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of

Surrey, UK. He has experience of

successful supervision and evaluation of

post graduate research students at doctoral

and masters’ levels. He has 3

international/national books/monographs

and around 50 international peer-reviewed

papers in journals to his credit. Presently,

he is supervising 3 Ph.D. students. He is

involved in several international and

national projects related to above topics. He

is a member of several professional bodies.

He is also associated with the Ford

Foundation, USA and Open Society

Foundations, UK for International

Fellowship program. He is recipient of

International Visitors Leadership Program

(IVLP), USA – 2017; Vice-Chancellor’s

Faculty of the Year Award – 2017;

Commonwealth Professional Fellow 2016-

17, UK; KTP Visiting Fellow-2014 by UTS,

Sydney; Role of Honor by TERI-2012-13

and earthian-2013 award by Wipro as a part

of sustainability program. Prof. Jain is

working with many international groups

such as UTS, Australia, University of

Surrey, University of Birmingham, UK and

Yale University, University of California,

USA.

…………………………………………………..

Dr. Nitin Deodhar

Dr Nitin Deodhar graduated with Honors in

Mechanical Engineering from MACT,

Bhopal & completed his post Gradation from

BATU, Raigad. He further pursued his Ph.D.

from CESE, IIT Bombay. After joining as

Management Trainee in Voltas, he worked

in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, and Pune in Sales,

Design, Service, Construction, and

Operations.


Page | 6

As Administrative Head and Branch

Manager, he was in a leadership position

and was also exposed to Finance, HR, and

Total Quality Management. His focus is

Energy Conscious Air Conditioning Designs

which are sustainable for Owners as well as

Users. Presently, Nitin and his team of

dedicated Engineers provide Design

Consultancy for various Electrical and air-

conditioning projects. They have designed

several LEED rated projects.

Dr. Nitin is an ASHRAE member, past

President of ISHRAE Pune Chapter,

member of the ISHRAE Technical

Committee and chair of ISHRAE research

committee.

…………………………………………………..

Dr. Ramachandran

Dr. Ramachandran is a Mechanical

Engineer from College of Engineering,

Trivandrum and has a Diploma in

Management Studies from Mumbai

University. He has more than 35 years’

experience in Air Conditioning .He is

Managing Director of Eskayem Consultants

Pvt Ltd, Mumbai and has 17 years’

experience in MEPF Consultancy.

Dr. Ramachandran has edited 4th Edition

of Mr P N Anathanarayanan's popular book

on Air Conditioning published by Mc Graw

Hill.He is an active member of ISHRAE and

has served the society in various capacities

including National President in 2015- 2016.

…………………………………………………..

Prof R. Saravanan

Prof R Saravanan is having over 25 years of

experience in the field of Energy Conversion

in buildings, solar heating, cooling systems

and combined power & cooling systems. He

holds a PhD in Solar Cooling from IIT

Madras and has published 65 International

Journal papers and presented around 140

papers in both National and International

Conferences.

He has carried out many research projects

for various Government of India

Departments and participated in the Marie

Curie Research Fellowship Program

sponsored by EU. He is the recipient of the

Young Scientist Research Grant Award and

Ramanna Fellowship award from the

Department of Science & Technology, Govt.

of India and has won The Emerson Cup

2010 & 2011 awards in the area of retail

and refrigeration category. He has also

guided his student in winning the Bry – Air

award 2014 on the development of

combined cooling and drying of agro

products.Currently he is the Member,

Commission E2, Heat Pump and Energy

Recovery, International Institute of

Refrigeration, IIR Paris and Chair, Technical

Committee, ISHRAE HQ, New Delhi


Page | 7

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 1: IAQ Monitoring

and Modeling

Prof. Manju Mohan

Dr. Manju Mohan is currently

Professor and Head, Centre for

Atmospheric Sciences at IIT Delhi and

has about 38 years of research

experience in the area of Air Quality

Modelling, UrbanClimate, Heat Stress

and Mitigation Strategiesand Fog

prediction. The recently funded project

studies of Prof. Mohan pertains to

'Chemical Transport Modelling of

Atmospheric Aerosols', 'Urban Heat

Island Assessment from field campaigns

and Numerical MesoscaleModelling' and

' Impact of urbanization on Temperature

and rainfall predictions'. She has

begged prestigious scholarship, awards

and medals such as Fellow, Institute of

Environmental Engineers, Nawab Zain

Yar Jung Bahadur Memorial medal

(Institution of Engineers (India)] in

Environmental Sciences. She has been

earlier a member of Environmental

Appraisal Committee (Industry-I) of

MOEFCC, Govt. of India. She is

currently Member, Subject Expert

Committee in Earth and Atmospheric

Sciences for WOS-A of DST;Member,

Indian National Committee on Climate

Change (INCCC), Ministry of Water

Resources;Member, Review Committee

under the Chairmanship of LG Delhi for

improving Air Pollution in NCT of Delhi;

Member, Special committee, SES; JNU

etc. Prof. Mohan has been a post-

doctoral fellow at the Royal Netherlands

Meteorological Institute, The

Netherlands and at Atmospheric

Turbulence Diffusion Laboratory at

NOAA, Oak Ridge.She has been visiting

scientist at Iowa State University, USA;

Meteorological Office (Cardington), UK;

Cambridge University and University of

East Anglia, UK; and National Institute

of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba,

Japan and many others. She has

published about 75 research papers in

peerreviewed journals of international

repute and about equal number of book

chapters, conference proceedings,

technical newsletters, popular science

articles etc.

…………………………………………………..

Urban Heat Island Effect and Thermal Comfort in Context of Increasing Urbanization

Manju Mohan and Shweta Bhati Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ,Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India

The continuous population growth

and the subsequent economic expansion

have been the primary drivers of

urbanization mainly in the developing

countries. Urbanization has been known to

have significant influence on local


Page | 8

meteorology.As population centers grow in

size from village to town to city, they tend to

have a corresponding increase in average

temperature. This phenomenon is termed

as urban heat island (UHI). This

consequently increases building energy

demand for air-conditioning in warmer

countries like that of tropical regions. This

increase in energy demand could result in

not only additional generation of

anthropogenic heat but also further

intensification of heat islands themselves.

Urban heat island intensity estimations are

therefore important in urban planning as

well as emission reduction strategies.

The capital region of India, megacity

Delhi has grown by leaps andbounds during

past 2 - 3 decades. Thus, field campaigns

were undertaken in Delhi to analyze the

heat island scenario. Urban heat island

intensities were assessed based on in situ

measurements and satellite-derived

observations for the megacity Delhi during

selected periods of May 2008 and March

2010. A network of micrometeorological

observational stations was set up across the

city. Dense urban areas and highly

commercial areas like Sitaram Bazar,

Connaught Place (CP), BhikajiCama and

Noida which is a mix of residential and

commercial land use, were observed to be

UHI hotspots having highest UHI intensities.

Average UHI intensities at these areas

range from 4.0 to 4.3 °C and maximum

hourly intensities can peak upto 8-10°C.

The urban heat island effect has a

direct relation with thermal comfort. It has

the potential to prevent the city from cooling

down, maintaining night-time temperatures

at a level that affects human health and

comfort. A large section of urban population

in developing countries like India still does

not have air conditioning facilities and thus

are most affected by heat exhaustion, that

is, thermal stress induced discomfort during

day as well as night. Hence, analysis of UHI

vis-a-vis thermal comfort is essential with

regards to both economic as well as

environmental concerns.Numerical weather

prediction models like Weather Research

and Forecasting (WRF) and Urban canopy

Model (UCM) help in assessing thermal

comfort by means of providing a continuous

distribution of spatial and temporal data.In

the present study these models were used

to assess UHI with four different types of

input land use and land cover (LULC) data.

Each of these LULCs had successively

greater degree of urban built up areas with

the last one (user modified WRF-UCM)

representing LULC which was closest to

ground truth. In general, model is able to

capture the magnitude of UHI as well as

high UHI zones

There are many indices devised for

assessing thermal comfort. In the present

study, Heat Index, a commonly used

indicator of thermal comfort, is assessed

spatially using WRF-UCM derived results.

Urban areas were found to have higher

Heat Index than non-urban areas by a

difference of about 1.5–2 °C. Further, it was

found that urban canopy effect leads to rise

in thermal discomfort by increasing Heat

Index. There is an increase in Heat Index of

about 2.0–2.5 °C at dense built-up stations.

Decrease in thermal comfort causes a

significant impact on energy demand.

Hence, analysis of urban heat island effect

vis-a-vis thermal comfort provides useful

information with regard to impact on human

comfort and welfare

…………………………………………………..


Page | 9

Particle and trace metal concentration in

Roadside residences of India

Aditi Kulshreshtha1 and Ajay Taneja2

1 Aditi Kulshrestha, Dwarkadas Sanghvi College

of Engineering, Mumbai, India 2 Ajay Taneja, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University,

Agra, India

Understanding of human exposure to indoor

particles of all sizes is important to enable

exposure control reduction. Especially for

smaller particles which may penetrate

deeper into the lungs and cause health

problems. These particles may contain

toxins and higher level of trace elements.

Concentration of fine particles (PM10 and

PM2.5) were measured in indoor outdoor

environment of roadside homes of North

central part of India during winter season.

Concentration of these particles were

compared with WHO standards and NAAQS

standards of India and were found to be

higher. Trace metal concentration for seven

metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Cu and Fe) was

determined in PM2.5 and it ranged from

0.02) g/m3 to 2.64 pg/m3.

Trends of metal concentration was

Fe>Pb>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Mn. Contaminated

household dust may represent a significant

route of exposure for humans to these toxic

metals. Correlation and PCA studies

identifies domestic activities and penetration

of dust from outdoors due to vehicular

movement and resuspension as major

source of particulate pollution in roadside

region. Enrichment factor study confirms

that most of the trace metal concentration in

PM2.5 indoors has outdoor contribution.

……………………………………………….

Characteristics of PM from different

south Indian cooking methods and

implications in health effects

Yaparla Deepthi*1, S.M. Shiva Nagendra1 and

Sathyanarayana N Gummadi2 1&2 Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras,

Chennai – 600036, India

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) primarily

contributed from biomass burning in rural

households are significant health hazards.

Cooking activities are significant sources of

indoor Particulate Matter (PM). The current

study focus on characteristics of PM emitted

from different cooking methods including

boiling (rice, urad dal and preparation of

tea) and pan frying (wheat roti and omlet)

that are most commonly prepared in rural

areas of south India, were studied in a

domestic kitchen using biomass as fuel and

estimation of respiratory dosage. Controlled

experiments were carried out to study mass

and number concentrations of PM

generated when performing the above

cooking methods. Deposition fractions were

calculated using Multiple Particle Path

Dosimetry (MPPD) to study the deposition

patterns in different parts of the human

respiratory tract (HRT) – head,

tracheobronchial and pulmonary for women.

Dosage of particulate matter was calculated

by inputting the recorded PM

measurements, a comparison made for

different cooking methods are presented.

PM concentrations from pan frying were ~

1.6 times greater than boiling, primarily due

to usage of oil for frying. Also, pan frying

exhibited high levels of dosage (412 to 2240

µg) against the boiling (258 to 1119 µg).

However, urad dal exhibited a maximum

intensification of 8.7 times than preparation

of tea due to longer cooking duration. It is

evident from above discussions that cooking

methods are major attributes impacting IAP

in rural areas.


Page | 10

Indoor-Outdoor Particulate Association

with its Metal Bound Concentrations in

Domestic Homes of Agra, India

Himanshi Rohra1 and Ajay Taneja2

1&2Department of Chemistry, Dr. Bhimrao

Ambedkar University, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, lndia

The present work endeavors to parade the

influence of particle size and associated

metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, b,

Cd, Co, Zn) within coarse (2.5-10) m),

accumulation (2.5-0.25) m) and ultrafine

(UF) (<0.25pm) particulate matter (PM)

ranges in living rooms of residential homes

with their subsequent comparison with

outdoor levels at Agra, India. Higher PM

concentrations were measured through

cascade impactor in indoors (PM10' 264

kg/m3; PM2.5' 195 g/md) as compared to

outdoors (PM10' 212)g/m3; PM2.5' 153

pg/m3); both surpassing the WHO

benchmark targets. In view of size

segregated aerosol, q-UFP dominated

indoor (37O/o) and outdoor (28%)

concentration levels; accounting as major

health concern. Poor relationship between

indoor-outdoor particle sized levels and

coarse and fine PM indicate heterogeneity

of sources in concurrent with wash out of

particles during precipitation events in

sampling tenure. A unimodal lognormal

distribution of PM was obtained with

preference to droplet mode peak (1.0-0.5)

m) in outdoors that shifted to smaller size

(0.5-0.25pm) in indoors. For K, Co, Zn,

modal shifting in indoor vs outdoor aerosol

distribution was observed. The applied

regression model further inspected the

infiltration capacity of varied particle size

modes in different housing conditions.

Shifting of particles towards q-UF range in

indoors of roadside homes impacted

resident exposure to toxic particles. This

work prerequisites in designing pollution

control strategies to achieve a healthier

indoor living environment in this area.

………………………………………………….


Page | 11

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 2: Acoustic & Thermal

Comfort

Dr. M.P. Maiya

Dr. M. P. Maiya joined Mechanical

Engineering Department of IIT Madras

in1988 (after completing PhD from IIT

Bombay) is presently serving as professor

since 2004. He has supervised 22 research

scholar theses and close to 100 Masters

and Bachelors degree student projects. He

has published over 175 papers in

international journals (70) and conferences.

His research interests are Sorption

technology, Desiccant and Evaporative

cooling, Air conditioning and Ventilation,

Passive cooling of buildings, CO2

refrigeration, Metal hydrides and Energy

systems. His accomplishments include 50

sponsored and consultancy projects (as

Principle / co- investigator), 25 Various

Educational Programs, Fellow Membership

from The Institution of Engineers (India),

DAAD fellowship, organizing several

workshops / conferences and best paper

awards, editorial board memberships and

editorships in journals, membership in

selection / jury committees, several

international academic assignments and

contribution to various professional

societies.

Thermal Comfort in Energy Efficient

Buildings - A way forward

1M.P.Maiya and 2S.M.Shiva Nagendra

1& 2Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Human aspiration is growing and so also

the demand for human comfort. Thermal

comfort is the major aspect of human

comfort and it is energy intensive. India is a

huge country and its comfort demand is

expected to triple in the next decade.

Efficient way of providing the thermal

comfort is need of the day. Concepts of

thermal comfort, adaptive comfort and air

conditioning practice are necessary to

understand the means and methods to

mitigate the energy related environmental

problems. Based on the above background,

a thermally activated building system

(TABS) is analyzed for thermal / adaptive

comfort. Being in the category of radiative

cooling system, its efficiency is inherently

high. It needs no or less energy for air

circulation between AHU and conditioned

room, saving about 20% energy. Cooled

building surfaces allow higher room air

temperatures for the same comfort. Chilled

water temperature can be higher than that

in the conventional systems. Both these

contribute to enhance the system

efficientsignificantly. Considering that high

chilled water temperature would suffice to

cool buildings by TABS concept, it is

modeled with water cooled passively by

cooling tower. The results of the numerical

model were validated by in-house

experimental data obtained for varied

operating conditions. The parametric

analysis reveals that such systems works

out well for arid regions. The reduction in

operative temperature is 14.4°C in Jaipur

(arid) against 6.6°C in Thiruvananthapuram

(tropical wet region). Increase in cooling


Page | 12

surface area and shading of roof improve

the indoor thermal comfort significantly,

while increase in flow rate of water has

significant influence only at lower value of

flow rates. While passively cooled TABS

can provide good thermal comfort in arid

regions round the year, they can provide

reasonable comfort within the framework of

adaptive comfort in tropical wet regions too.

………………………………………………….

Dr. Yashkumar Shukla

Dr. Yashkumar Shukla is Technical Director

(Energy Systems) at Centre for Advanced

Research in Building Science and Energy

(CARBSE). He has more than fifteen years

of international experience in building

energy-efficiency research and serves as a

lead on several energy-efficiency research

projects at CARBSE. His current research

includes calibration of simulation models,

performance characterization of envelope

and HVAC systems, net-zero energy

buildings, and development of next-

generation control algorithms.

…………………………………………………..

Adaptive Thermal Comfort

Yash kumar Shukla1

1Technical Director (Energy Systems), Centre

for Advanced Research in Building Science and

Energy (CARBSE)

An Adaptive Thermal Comfort Standard can play

a significant role in reducing energy use while

maintaining the comfort, productivity, and well-

being of occupants. It recognizes that people’s

thermal comfort needs are dependent on their

past and present context and vary with the

outdoor environmental conditions of their

locations. The India Model of Adaptive (Thermal)

Comfort (IMAC) Study developed thermal

comfort guidelines that recognize the climatic

and workplace context of Indian offices. The

IMAC study derived comfort models for air-

conditioned, naturally ventilated, and mixed

mode buildings through an empirical field study

specific to the Indian context. A significant

finding of the IMAC study is that occupants in

Indian offices are more adaptive and tolerant of

warmer temperatures. The specification of a

broader comfort band suited to the Indian

context has the potential to reduce the use of

energy-intensive space cooling in Indian

buildings. This presentation shares findings from

the IMAC study.

…………………………………………………..


Page | 13

Passive Cooling Techniques for Thermal

Comfort based designs in Low Cost Housing

Dr. P. Badan Narayana 1' L. Karunakar

Reddy2' Dr.K. Hemachandra Reddy3

1Renewable Energy, Director, Green Life Energy

Solutions, Hyderabad, TELANGANA, India 2Mechanical Engineering, Asst Professor,

Yogananda Inst of Technology & Sciences,

Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 3Dr. K. Hemachandra Reddy, Professor, Dept of

Mechanical Engineering, JNTUA College of

Engineering,Andhra Pradesh

Changing climatic scenario and global warming

are responsible for thermal discomfort in

residential and commercial buildings for

nearly 60% of the working population in

India. The thermal comfort of a building in

addition to energy saving is influenced by

various factors, including the thermo

physical properties of the building materials,

building orientation, ventilation, building

space usage and adaptation of the modern

and passive energy efficiency methods. In

this present work, two novel passive cooling

approaches are proposed for achieving

energy efficiency in buildings of tropical

region. They are - Natural ventilation

techniques and usage of Phase Change

Materials in Cement Mortar in construction.

During first part of the analysis, innovative

approaches for natural ventilation

techniques are developed. These

techniques aim at improving the ambient air

distribution through buoyancy effect and

also the wall temperature. New ventilation

techniques such as different housing

orientations, modern window designs and

wind chills for commercial buildings will be

explained. In second part, Phase Change

Materials incorporated as integral

substances in the construction materials will

be studies. Desirable properties of PCMs for

tropical regions would be — higher Latent

Heat value, good thermal stability and

optimum Phase Transition temperature.

Ba(OH)2.8H2O and Na2S2O3.5 H2O are

added in cement mortar and modelled for

analysing the thermo-physical

characteristics to achieve thermal comfort

designs for energy efficiency buildings. As

part of this work, a prototype block of a

miniature sized room will be designed and

fabricated using the above mentioned

composite mixture. Compressive strength of

the mixture (for finding out its mechanical

stability), thermal conductivity and thermal

storage capacity will be evaluated for the

proposed composite mixture. Later,

combined approaches of both Natural

ventilation and Phase Change Material

designs will be studied and modelled for a

low-cost housing scenario in suitable

simulation software such as ANSYS.

Comparative Analysis of Measured and

Simulated Ventilative Cooling Benefits

for A Residential Apartment Unit in Hot

and Dry Climate of India

Devna Vyas1Yashkuniar Shukla2

1 Architecture, Optimize Architectural Solutions,

Gujarat, India 2 CARBSE, CEPT University, Gujarat, India

Purchase of air conditioning systems is

exponentially increasing in India probably

due to increasing purchasing power of the

occupants. The increased number of air

conditioning systems will have a significant

impact on energy use of the country.

Effective ventilative cooling can play can of

air conditioning system usage of the

building when outdoor conditions are

favorable. Ventilative cooling is especially

feasible for residential buildings where

nighttime temperatures can be utilized to


Page | 14

provide comfort to the occupants. This

paper extends earlier work conducted by

the author on estimating ventilative cooling

benefits for a residential apartment unit in a

hot and dry climate of India. This paper

focuses on investigating the difference

between simulated and measured

ventilative cooling benefits in an apartment

unit.In the earlier work, the ventilation rates,

air temperatures, and surface temperatures

in a bedroom of an apartment building are

monitored for a month. Based on these

measurements, the ventilation cooling

benefits are estimated for the unit. In the

current paper, the simulation models are

developed in two simulation engines —

Energyplus and VentiCool. Further, the

measured outdoor weather data are entered

in these simulation models to compare the

estimated and measured ventilation rates

for the apartment unit. The comparative

analysis is also performed between the

measured and simulated temperatures.

Finally, the paper investigates the reasons

for differences between the measured and

simulated ventilation cooling benefits. It

highlights the key differences and proposes

a method to validate the simulation models.

…………………………………………………

Performance evaluation of TiO 2 /PAC air

filter for indoor air purification

Lekshmi Mohan V 1, S.M. Shiva Nagendra 1,

Prakash M. Maiya 2

1Environmental and Water Resources

Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil

Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai 2Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Laboratory,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT

Madras,Chennai

Indoor air purification technologies are

inevitable for sustainable development from

health and economic perspectives. Volatile

organic compounds (VOCs) trigger sick

building syndrome symptoms in buildings

ventilated with heating, ventilation and air

conditioning systems. In the present study,

the VOC removal performance of an

efficient TiO2/PAC coated non-woven fabric

filter was compared with commonly used

TiO2 filter. The experiments were conducted

in a laboratory scale annular closed-loop

reactor under indoor environmental

conditions. Synergetic adsorption-

photodegradation of common indoor VOC

classes namely, aromatics, alcohol and

alkanes were studied by varying face

velocity through the filter. The results

indicated that removal efficiency of

TiO2/PAC filter was 10-20% higher than

TiO2 filter. The removal efficiency obtained

followed the order of

alcohol>aromatics>alkanes. Further, under

high air velocities TiO2/PAC filter performed

better than TiO2 filter. The removal of

ethanol, toluene and hexane exhibited 3%,

5% and 10% diminution in efficiency for

every 0.5 m/s increase in filter face velocity.

The present study investigated the high

efficiency TiO2/PAC coated filter under real-

world indoor conditions which can be an


Page | 15

energy efficient solution for wide range of air

purification applications.

…………………………………………………


Page | 16

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 3: Lighting,

Performance and Productivity

Dr. Vishal Garg is Professor and Head of

the Center for IT in Building Science at IIIT

Hyderabad. His current research interests

are in the areas of building energy

simulation, building automation, and cool

roofs. He teaches building automation and

controls, energy simulation, and lighting

design &technology. He holds a B.Tech.

(Hons.) degree in Civil Engineering from

MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur and a

Ph.D. from the IIT Delhi. He was the

founding presidentof Indian chapter of

International Building Performance

Simulation Association (IBPSA) and chaired

the organizing committee of International

Conference for Building Simulation-2015

and upcoming International Conference on

Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands

(IC2UHI) scheduled in Dec 2019. He is lead

author of “Building Energy Simulation:

A Workbook Using Design Builder”. He

received the inaugural Arthur H. Rosenfeld

Urban Cooling Achievement Award 2018.

Real-time daylight estimation and control

Vishal Garg1

International Institute of Information Technology,

Hyderabad, India

There are different aspects of daylight that

has been proven to effect the human visual

and non- visual system. Day lighting in

buildings have a substantial impact on

workers’ health, productivity, performance,

and circadian system. It can enhance the

overall experience of built spaces and

benefit the inhabitants in many ways.

However, it is necessary to control the

daylight admission inside buildings to avoid

visual and thermal discomfort. Automated

shading and integrated lighting control

systems are being used in buildings, for

controlling the daylight either in closed loop

or open loop system. A typical commercial

closed loop system usually has a series of

indoor photo-sensors integrated with

dimmers to maintain desk illuminance levels.

Unfortunately, these sensors are expensive

to install at each desk, challenging to

commission and difficult to calibrate

therefore highly prone to errors. Whereas in

open loop systems, sensors are mounted at

external surface of façade to measure sky

conditions and daylight availability. However,

these devices are only capable of giving

single specific measurements without

accounting size, directionality, temporal and

spatial dynamics of clouds. This leads to

failure of the control system to respond in a

timely fashion by inaccurately estimating

visual discomfort parameters. A reliable

estimation of sky conditions and indoor

daylight metrics is crucial to open loop

controls system. The impact of lighting in

regulating the circadian rhythm in human

body has been strengthen with the recent

discovery of intrinsically photosensitive

retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However,

Prof. Vishal Garg

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Page | 17

there is lack of accessible instruments to

measure the circadian lighting and therefore

it’s difficult to monitor daylit spaces and

incorporate circadian aspects of lighting in

design process.

To understand the impacts of lighting, it is

essential to devise methods that can

quantify both visual and non-visual

parameters of day lighting. In this work, a

system has been developed to operate a

physical setup to calculate glare,

illuminance, correlated colour temperature

and circadian lighting in an indoor space

using high dynamic range (HDR) imaging

and control the window roller shades based

on glare levels in an open loop system.

…………………………………………………

Mr. Ashish Bahal

Lead – Architect Program & Creative

Design; Senior Faculty, Philips Lighting

Academy is a professional with Bachelor’s

Degree in Architecture (SPA Delhi, 2001)

with over 17 years’ qualitative experience in

Design, Construction Management in

Interiors, Buildings, Real Estate, Industrial

and Development sector. He has had a

diverse and unique work experience as an

entrepreneur, architect, interior designer,

project manager, development expert and

technical marketer with demonstrated ability

to focus on technologies, interiors,

infrastructure, social development,

networking, habitat, construction, lighting

and architecture. He works for Philips as

National Application Specialist and brings

green design and aesthetic approach to

Philips Lighting. He has a working

relationship with 100+ architects across

India. He has written various articles in

Architecture and interiors magazines on

lighting and relevant subjects. He is also a

member of Technical Advisory Committees

of IGBC, GBCI, TERI-GRIHA, ECBC, IEQ

etc. as a Lighting expert. He is also a

certified faculty at Philips Lighting Academy.

…………………………………………………..

Correlation between Light, health,

wellness and productivity

Ashish Bahal1

Architect Program & Creative Design; Senior

Faculty,Philips Lighting Academy

The presentation will highlight the

correlation between light, health, wellness

and productivity with proof points of return

on investment. It will also emphasize the

human centric lighting standards and good

practices.

…………………………………………………..

Impact of Acoustical Ambience on

Human Performance

1S. Rajagopalan Ph.D., F.I.E., M.ISHRAE

1S.Rajagopalan Associates Kanchan Vrinda,

Khare Town, Nagpur, India

The quality of indoor air is decided by the

nature of energy/particle content in it. As for

the noise level content, the topic has been

found to arouse strong emotions: some feel

that noise will impair any human function

and some others feel that noise, at best,

could only impair human hearing. The effect

of noise on human performance is more or

less well understood through research and

is found to be very much dependent upon

the task(s) undertaken. Presence of noise

has been found to trigger the nervous

system and produces moderate level of


Page | 18

concentration upon some sources/tasks of

information to the detriment of others. For

example, at low noise levels a worker

attempts to attend to the task rather than to

irrelevant surroundings, and could be

considered as desirable. There could be

situations when medium or high noise levels

result in neglect of some parts of the task

being unattended or could induce errors in

performance. If automatic or internal

operations are involved, they may go

adequately even in the presence of noise.

Our research based on custom-made

survey show that simple tasks are almost

unaffected by familiar noise. Reaction time

and manual dexterity in certain tasks seem

more or less unaffected by presence of

moderately high sound levels. Sound

signals arriving without any warning resulted

in slower reactions and a transient high

level noise was found to positively impact

the quality of performance. Office oriented,

arithmetical or some such intellectual

operations are affected partially in the

presence of moderate to high noise levels.

In the presence of levels above 55 dBA

especially if it has low frequency

components, performers have shown

moments of inefficiency, creating silly

mistakes or a pause during task

performance. Social and inter-personal

effects and the aftereffects of noise

exposure will also be discussed.

…………………………………………………..

Impact of Classroom Illuminance on

Concentration Performance of

Students

Pratima Singh1, Renu Arora2, Radha Goyal3

1,2Department of Resource Management and

Design Application, Institute of Home

Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi 3Indian Pollution Control Association, New

Delhi

Adequate illuminance plays a significant

role on the performance, health and well-

being of occupants. Evidences from

literature indicate that performance of

students can be considerably increased by

providing appropriate visual environment.

Illuminance in educational space needs

special emphasis because of the nature of

activities carried out in the classrooms

which require considerable amount of

attention and concentration. Realizing the

need for research in this area, an attempt

was made to investigate the impact of

classroom illuminance on Concentration

Performance (CP) of students studying in

schools located in Delhi. The illuminance

levels for the classrooms were recorded

using digital lux meter ‘Testo-545’ without

making any alterations or changes in the

classroom lighting. The concentration

performance of children was assessed

using a speed and accuracy test i.e. d2 test.

The findings from the results indicated

positive correlation between classroom

illuminance and concentration performance.

Appropriate illuminance was linked with

increased comfort of the students, which

translated into higher scores and increased

performance

………………………………………………….


Page | 19

Technologies for Indoor Air Quality: Yes!

But with common sense and good

practices as well…

Frederic Hammel1

1Ethera, France

Contrarily to ambient outdoor air, Indoor air

quality is one that can be controlled. If well

designed air quality monitoring stations and

ventilation systems is one key, basic good

practices and common sense is not less

essential! Defining the parameters to follow,

the sensor’s performances and the

sampling’s periodicity is key to assess the

indoor pollutant’s level, and their probable

sources. Thus, it is easier to define actions

to improve and maintain appropriate levels

of pollutants for a long term healthy

occupancy. Reducing pollutant sources and

optimize building’s ventilation are easy ways

to start Indoor Air Quality control. But in

urban environment, air treatment becomes

more and more essential to provide healthy

environment. Continuous monitoring multi-

parameter stations are providing rich and

diverse information’s, very useful to

understand unexpected situations (i.e

inappropriate design systems, system’s

malfunction, specific pollution sources,

activity monitoring,…). Finally, good sense

and IAQ diagnosis’ data analysis are a first

step to better identify pollution sources, and

open ways to combine energy savings and

healthy indoor air. When difficulty raises

with polluted sources outdoor and indoor,

treatment strategies will be required, but

have to be correctly customized, to provide

performances at reasonable cost of

investment.

………………………………………………….


Page | 20

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 4: IAQ Monitoring &

Modeling

Prof. S.K. Singh

Prof. S. K. Singh is a Professor & Dean, at

Delhi Technological University, Delhi. He is

engaged in teaching, research,

administration and consultancy for the last

30 years and presently is a Professor of

Civil & Environmental Engineering from the

last 18 years at Delhi Technological

University, Delhi (Formerly Delhi College of

Engineering). He is presently Head,

Environmental Engineering Department and

Dean (International Relations) at Delhi

Technological University. He is also

Member of Board of Governors, CSMRS,

Ministry of Water Resources, GOI; Member,

Board of Management, Vishvesvaraiya

Group of Institutions; Member, Board of

Management, Walchand College of

Engineering, Sangli (M.S.); Chairman,

Departmental Promotion Committee, IASRI

(ICAR) New Delhi; Member, University

Court, University of Delhi.

Investigation of Fine Particulate Matter in

Underground Parking Lot

Rajeev Kumar Mishra, S.K. Singh, Shailendra

Kumar Yadav

Department of Environmental Engineering,Delhi

Technological University, Delhi, India

Air pollution is the biggest environmental

problem, particularly in the urban

environment where the population is

constantly growing and air quality is

decreasing proportionately. It occurs when

harmful substances including particulates

and biological molecules are introduced

into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause

diseases, allergies or death of humans; it

may also cause harm to other living

organisms such as animals and food crops,

and may damage the natural or built

environment. Air Pollution has remained

consistently high and rising in Delhi and has

also a mixed trend over the years. The

emission from vehicles is very injurious to

human beings as it contains many harmful

pollutants such as CO (Carbon monoxide),

NOX (oxides of nitrogen), HC

(hydrocarbons) and fine particulate matter.

The objective of this paper is to analyze air

pollution status with respect to fine

particulate matter (PM2.5) in underground

parking lot of Unity one mall, Rohini. The

monitoring was done in the 2nd floor

basement of parking lot of Unity one mall.

The results show the highest concentration

of particulate matter (1100 µg/m3) on

Sunday and minimum concentration of

particulate matter was 230µg/m3on Tuesday

in first week of Monitoring, but second week

monitoring results are lower in concentration

with first week monitoring result. This works

justify the background particulate matter’s

concentration effect on parking

microenvironment.


Page | 21

Dr. Shri Harsha Kota

Dr. Kota has more than 4yrs of teaching

experience in IIT Guwahati and IIT Delhi

and presently he is working as an Assistant

professor in environmental engineering at

IIT Delhi. Dr. Kota has a PhD Degree in

Regional Aair Quality Modeling and Source

Apportionment Tools to Evaluate Vehicle

Emission Factors from Texas A & M

University (TAMU) , U.S.A. He has to his

credit more than 25 journal publications in

reputed international journals and has

completed 7 National and International

projects in the field of Air Quality.

He is a reviewer in international journals i.e.

Atmospheric Environment, Environmental

Pollution, Journal of Air & Waste

Management Association and

Environmental Research amongst others.

………………………………………………….

Indoor air quality: Models & their

comparison

Sri Harsha Kota

Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute

of Technology Delhi, 110016, India

Indoor air quality (IAQ) plays a significant

role in people’s life due to the fact that a

considerable amount of time is spent by the

people indoors. According to WHO about

3.8 million people, mostly women and

young children who spend majority of the

times indoor died prematurely due to indoor

air pollution in 2016. Sources of indoor air

pollution usually consist of combustion

activity, furniture, chemicals, building

materials, smoking activity etc. The

fundamental approaches for good indoor air

quality requires better ventilation and air

recirculation systems apart from

banning/reducing use of materials, which

emits harmful pollutants. Indoor air quality

models can be used not only to estimate the

contaminant concentrations and personal

exposure but also help in identifying the

appropriate ventilation and recirculation

rates required for better quality of air

indoors. Three IAQ models, viz: CONTAM,

Indoor Air Quality Design Tool (IAQDT) and

ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Mathematical

Model were used to model a space using

similar parameter values, outdoor air data

and contaminant generation rates. IAQDT

and ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Mathematical

Model are both single zone systems while

CONTAM considers multi-zone airflow. The

results indicate that in a single zone system

each of these tools achieve similar results

with differences mainly due to the inputs

required in each method (e.g., contaminant

generation and sink rates, occupancy

schedule, outdoor air ventilation schedule,

etc.). In multi-zone system, the results

indicated that recirculation air from other

zones needs to be modeled for an accurate

representation of zone air contaminant

concentrations.

…………………………………………………


Page | 22

Dr. Parveen Babu

Dr. Praveen Babu, Assistant Professor from

Department of Civil Engineering, Amity

University Haryana, Gurugram. He did his

Ph.D. from IIT Delhi (Civil and

Environmental Engineering), M.E.

(Environment Engineering) and B.E. (Civil

Engineering). His area of interest is air

quality engineering (both indoor/outdoor)

monitoring, modelling and management in

indoor/outdoor environments.

He have expertise in various Bachelor level

and Masters level courses in environmental

engineering (including, Air pollution and

control; Air Quality Modelling; Industrial

waste management, pollution prevention

and control; Environmental Science) and

also he have delivered lectures in technical

workshops.

He have professional affiliations from both

national and international level, such as, life

member from Indian Aerosol Science and

Technology Association (IASTA), India;

Student member from The Aerosol Society,

United Kingdom; International Society for

Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ),

USA; American Society of Heating,

Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning

Engineers (ASHRAE), USA. He have

published 14 national/international peer

reviewed journal papers, conferences and

research articles. He also received student

travel award (~€1000) from International

Society for Indoor Air Quality and Climate

(ISIAQ), USA, for attending 14th

International Conference on Indoor Air

Quality and Climate, Ghent, Belgium (2016)

and best paper award from Indian Building

Congress, New Delhi and best poster award

from 3rd National Conference on

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (NCRAC-

13), IIT Madras, Chennai. Apart from

his research, he also served in Sustainable

IIT Delhi as a Green Office Advisory Board

member to maintain green campus.

……………………………………………………….

Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring, Modeling

and Management Protocol for Indoor

Environments

Praveen B.1

1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil

Engineering, Amity University Haryana,

Gurugram, India.

People spend 80-90% of their time inside

the buildings compare to outdoor

environment, so that, the Indoor Air Quality

(IAQ) has been of growing concern over the

past several years. Thus, for many people,

the risks to health may be greater due to

exposure to air pollution in indoor

environments. In addition, people who may

be exposed to indoor air pollutants for the

longest periods of time are most often

susceptible to the effects of Indoor Air

Pollution (IAP).The concentration of these

indoor contaminants depends on their

generation rate, volume of the indoor

environment, mixing efficiency of the indoor

space and the decay rates of the pollutants.

The topic mainly focuses on the importance

and needs of IAQ monitoring, modeling and

management protocol for indoor

environments. And this begins by describing

the status of IAQ and its technical factors


Page | 23

involving to carryout IAQ monitoring and

modeling protocol for indoor environments

and also the management strategies

involving to overcome the IAQ problems.

Finally, the different IAQ modeling (i.e.

numerical and analytical) tools that can be

used for modeling IAP and the type of

problems where a particular model is best

suited.

…………………………………………………

Assessment and Management of Indoor

Air Quality in a Research Laboratory - A

case study of Delhi city

Amit Kumar Mishra1 ' Pratyush P. Mishra,

Sunil Gulia, S.K. Goyal

1Delhi Zonal Centre, CSIR-NEERI, Naraina

Industrial Area, Delhi, India 2Pratyush P. Mishra, CSIR-NEERI Delhi Zonal

Centre, Delhi, India

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has drawn the

attention of all the scientific community

around the globe. People spend most their

time in indoors, without knowing that they

are inhaling the high concentration of Indoor

air pollutants (IAPs). The IAP

concentrations are generally found higher

compared to ambient air due to poor

ventilation. Indoor air pollution is ranked as

one of the top five risks to public health.

Poor IAQ can adversely obstruct the mental,

physical and social ability of a person, which

affect the working efficiency.

The present study is an attempt to assess

the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations

in one of the research laboratory in Delhi

city. The monitoring is carried out using a

portable aerosol monitor at the different

indoor environment of the building such as

chemical laboratory, microbial laboratory,

administration office, canteen and

undisturbed area. The monitoring is carried

out for three consecutive days at the same

time in the respective area. The monitoring

is carried out during working hour only. The

preliminary results indicate that 15 minute

average PM10, PM2.5, and PM1

concentration were found highest in

chemical laboratory, i.e, 114±25 µg/m3,

58±10 µg/m3, 33±5 µg/m3, respectively and

lowest at un-disturbed area i.e., 42±4 µg/m3,

33±2 ) µg/m3, 22±2 µg/m3 respectively. It is

also observed that PM2 5/PM10 and

PM10/PM2.5 ratio was found higher at un-

disturbed area i.e., 0.79 and 0.75,

respectively compared to other studied

areas. It indicated that fine and ultrafine

particles are travel more from outdoor

compared to the larger particle. Further, the

study also evaluated the possible measures

to control the indoor air pollution and

prioritized the indoor air purifying plants

based on their efficiency.

…………………………………………………..

Seasonal dynamism of indoor and

outdoor microbial levels across different

socio-economic zones (SEZs)

Palak Balyan1*, Chirashree Ghosh1, Shukla

Das2& B. D. Banerjee3 1Environmental Pollution Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi. 2Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), University of Delhi. 3Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), University of Delhi.

Introduction: Bio aerosols are significant

constituent of the indoor environment and

may be associated with numerous adverse

health effects. Human spend around 90% of

their time in enclosed environment either

athome or at other places. It is thus, highly


Page | 24

desirable to identify and to control indoor

bioaerosol exposure. In India interestingly,

the indoor and outdoor sources and factors

which affect bioaerosols count, vary with

season and diverse socio-economic status.

Thus, it is important to understand the

dynamism of indoor and outdoor microbial

levels across different seasons and socio-

economic zones (SEZs) to minimise the

exposure.

Methodology: Theindoor residential and

outdoor levels of bacteria and fungi were

monitored simultaneously at three different

SEZs. The houses in low SEZ were small

and had inadequate ventilation. The mid-

SEZ had comparatively bigger houses with

adequate natural ventilation whereas high

SEZ was a plush colony with big houses

having mechanical ventilation system

operating during extreme of weather. The

microbial counts were measured using

passive settle plate method. The samplings

were conducted fortnightly for three years

(2013-2016).

Results: The correlation between indoor

and outdoor microbial levels were

statistically significant(p<0.01). The indoor-

outdoor ratio(I/O) was more than one for

bacteria, in all three SEZs except post-

monsoon season in high SEZ whereas in

case of fungi, I/O was less than one except

monsoon season at both mid and high SEZ.

Though values of I/O ratio remained skewed

across the significant level i.e. 1 for both

microbes, they showed a significant

seasonal variation(p<0.01).

Conclusion: The outdoor microbial count

had a significant effect on composition of

microbes in indoor air despite different

ventilation systems. The bacteria had both

indoor as well as outdoor sources (I/O>1)

whereas indoor fungi are mainly sourced by

outdoor air (I/O<1). The season had a

significant indoor-outdoor milieu of microbes

which also varied across the SEZs.

…………………………………………………..


Page | 25

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 5: Standards and

Control

Dr. Dipankar Saha

Dr. Dipankar Saha has been serving as the

Head of Air Laboratory Division at Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of

Environment, Forest & Climate Change,

Government of India in Delhi, India. In this

capacity. Dr. Saha has been associated

with the CPCB since 1998, serving in

various positions and postings. He prepared

the Emergency Action Plans for Kanpur and

Agra, and was instrumental in setting up the

CPCB laboratory in Kanpur and the

establishment of ambient air quality

monitoring stations at Agra. Prior to joining

CPCB, Dr. Saha was a Research Officer at

the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve for the

Government of West Bengal. Dr. Saha Dr.

Panigrahi holds a Master of Science degree

from the University of Calcutta, and he was

also awarded a Doctor of Philosophy

degree by the University of Calcutta in

1989. He is a member of Expert Appraisal

Committee (Infra-2) of MoEF&CC for

sectoral projects related to Airport, Ship

breaking Yards, CHWTs, CETPs, MSWs,

Construction Projects, Townships etc.

Developing Indoor Air Quality Standards

and Controls in India

Dipankar Saha

Former, Additional Director & Head, Air

Quality Monitoring &; Management, Central

Pollution Control Board, Delhi

Estimated global burden of disease’s due to

indoor air pollution is said to be 27%. Being

not the mandate of any of the organization,

much attention has not been paid and also

work done in this effect appears inadequate.

The Indoor air being confined air, the quality

is dependent on ventilation pattern or air

exchange ratio, besides the use. The

natural air exchange rate is again governed

by geographic position, local land use

pattern, building orientation, season etc. in

any tropical country and India is not the

exception. The management of indoor air

quality with air handling system and without

air handing system are quite different.

Further, developing air quality standard is

not just having a bench mark but the bench

marks should be affordable, monitorable

and fits with the methodological protocol

and also feasible. The implementation of

control systems for all types of buildings,

rural, semi urban or urban, should be cost

effective. Therefore, notifying the indoor air

quality standard may not be a one-step

solution. Initially, we can have standards for

two monitorable parameters, Particulate

Matter (2.5) and Carbon-di-oxide to start

with (first generation standard).

Further, identification of sources of pollution

on the basis of socio-economic condition of

India including identification of primary,

secondary parameters with reference to

health impacts, hospitalization, loss of work

force, pre-mature and elderly death etc. are

needed for development of standard.

Defining protocol for monitoring (sampling


Page | 26

durations, locations with reference to source

and ventilation, personal exposure etc.)

parameters, instruments and

instrumentations including calibration

protocol should be part of the standard.

These may be considered in defining

second generation of standard.

Development of standards or goal based on

sources or use category are also important

for indoor air pollution for development of

strategy. Development of case studies in

South Asian region, capacity building &

training for development of indoor air quality

goal for all major utility sectors, health care

centers, institutions, defining exposure are

also needed to be standardized before

development of third generation standard.

………………………………………………………

LEGIONELLA CONTROL IN BUILDING

WATER SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON

THE HOTEL SECTOR

Mahesh Prabhu1 1Consulting, Essem Technologies, Goa, India

The Global Hospitality Sector is expanding

at a fast pace to keep up with the booming

Travel & Tourism Business. Hotel sector

infrastructure upgradation is typically done

by the provision of superior amenities as a

value proposition to the guests, which

include water features such as Spas, Lobby

Fountains, Splash pools in guest rooms etc.

These water sources and supply lines

running into and within the building provide

locations for the growth of Legionella

Bacteria and pathways for potential

exposure to infection and contraction of

Legionnaires Disease. In addition, Hotels

with modern HVAC systems which utilize

high-efficiency Water Cooled Chillers

connected to Cooling Towers requiring high

standards of Water Hygiene to be

maintained in the circulating water, which

otherwise could emanate contaminated

drifts —one of the main causes for the

proliferation of Legionella Bacteria

The presentation deals with Legionella

Control in the Hospitality Sector and traces

the origins, proliferation, and monitoring of

Legionella Bacteria and the causes and

symptoms of Legionnaires Disease. Various

Risk Systems are discussed with emphasis

on Cooling Towers as high-risk systems.

The concept of a Biofilm as the culprit within

pipelines is explained. Monitoring of

Legionella Bacteria, Global Standards with

a specific reference to ASHRAE standard

188 and its importance are highlighted. The

presentation touches upon Solutions to

Legionella Control in Hotel Water systems

with an overview of Water Treatment

Strategies being practiced.

The presentation culminates with a brief on

Medical Diagnosis and Medication for

Legionellosis and concludes with an

emphasis on Legionella Compliance as the

way forward for the Global Hospitality

Majors to protect their brand image and

ensure continuity of business.

………………………………………………………

Controlling Mold Contamination at an

Upscale Hotel in Downtown Singapore

Saurabh Saini1

1Industrial Hygiene Department, Golder

Associates (Singapore) Pte Ltd, Singapore,

Singapore

Mold contamination within buildings

especially outside of North America may not

be considered a significant concern. The

reasons may be cultural or lack of

regulatory requirements surrounding

potential mold exposure. This presentation


Page | 27

will discuss how a major international

developer of hotels in Asia had to deal with

chronic mold contamination during a

multimillion dollar remediation project of an

upscale hotel, located in downtown

Singapore.

Mold contamination and remediation is not

regulated in Singapore and the remediation

project had to be completed while the hotel

remained in operation. This proved to be a

major challenge but paved the way for

several opportunities to develop innovative

assessment protocols and techniques to

overcome resource and time limitations

during the project.

A comprehensive mold remediation

specification was developed which varied

for different levels of treatments required for

different kinds of materials and rooms with

primary objective in physical removal of

contaminated materials from the Hotel. In

addition, the local mold remediation industry

is still developing, with most construction

contractors having very little experience with

mold remediation protocols. The

presentation will highlight how on-site

assessment tools, such as the Mycometer,

were utilized successfully to manage the

remediation project in a multi-stakeholder

environment and also saving the client

significant amounts of money and time to

complete the project.

………………………………………………………

Indoor Air Quality Control & Sustainable

Solutions for Commercial Buildings

Sean Menezes1 1IAQ Solutions, Sterling and Wilson Pvt Ltd,

Maharashtra, India

Poor Indoor Air Quality in commercial

buildings is a growing concern these days,

with several studies suggesting that indoor

air pollution is 2-5 times worse than outdoor

air pollution. Most individuals spend

approximately 8-10 hours a day at their

workplace, exposing themselves to

dangerous indoor air pollutants such as

bacteria, mold, viruses, carcinogenic VOC’s

(volatile organic compounds) generated

within the office building. Micro-organisms

and VOC’s are continuously released in

commercial buildings and it is important to

effectively keep the counts under control,

since the generation of these pollutants are

dynamic and cannot be predicted. The air

cleaners available in the market are

expensive and have limitations in

addressing the problem at its source. They

are not capable of handling large volumes

of air present in commercial office buildings,

most of which are air-conditioned by central

plants and air handling units.

This challenge sparked off the inspiration to

design an innovative and effective solution

that addresses the above issues and

provides centralized decontamination of Air

at the source. The system combines UVGI

(ultra violet germicidal irradiation) and

Photocatalytic oxidation technology in a

module which aesthetically integrates with

the AHU.

When UV-C rays irradiate onto the

photocatalytic reactor coated with Nano

particles of titanium dioxide, hydroxyl

radicals are released, which react with the

contaminants present in air and oxidize

them into harmless by-products. The

Photocatalytic reactor is designed to

maximize the contact of air molecules mixed

with pollutants, passing through the system

since this is critical for effective

decontamination of air. This reduces the by-

pass factor and effectively destroys

pollutants, thereby decontaminating the air.

We engaged a third party NABL Certified

Lab to determine the efficacy of the system


Page | 28

in a testing facility as well as in a fully

functional office environment. The results

clearly determine the efficacy of the system

and periodic testing & monitoring over a

nine-month period establish the proof of

concept and sustainability of the solution,

which I can discuss in greater detail at the

poster viewing session.

The IAQ system is an ideal solution to

address the growing concern of poor indoor

air quality, and can be easily integrated with

AHU’s in new projects as well as retro-fitted

in existing offices which makes it an

effective and viable solution to improve

Indoor Air Quality on a sustainable basis.

………………………………………………………..


Page | 29

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 6: IAQ Exposure and

Health

Dr. Ajay Taneja

Dr Ajay Taneja is presently working as

Professor in the Department of Chemistry,

Dr B R Ambedkar University Agra. India. He

has more than 25 years of teaching and

research experience. His research interest

is in Environmental Chemistry and Air

pollution. He has guided more than 15 Ph.D

and 22 M. Phil students. He has coauthored

more than 120 research articles, 5 books, 5

book chapters and 5 research reports. He is

life member/Fellow of many professional

bodies and is holding the post of Joint

Secretary, Indian Council of Chemists India

since 2006. He is also reviewer of many

International Journals. He was also

awarded Father Rev. T. A. Mathias

“National award for Innovative College

Teachers for the year 2001” by All India

association for Christian higher education.

He is a Resource person for IAQ workshops

for The Associated chambers of commerce

& Industry of India, New Delhi and for

Environment sciences in Academic Staff

College of different Universities &

science and technology (DST) Schools on

Earth and Environment Sciences. He is also

a consultant to the task force set up by

Central Pollution Control board to set up

standards and SOPs for Indoor air pollution

in India and have traveled 14 countries for

academic purposes and have participated in

many national and international conferences

and workshops.

……………………………………………........

Size segregated Particulate Levels and

Health Risk Quantification of Metal

Content in Mixed Residential Areas of

Northern India

Ajay Taneja1 and Himanshi Rohra2

1&2Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.

University, Agra, India

The present work investigates indoor air

pollution through analysis of size

segregated aerosol data (>2.5µm, 2.5-

1.0µm, 1.0-0.5µm, 0.5-0.25µm) in varied

residential homes separated by income and

location at Agra, India. The study offered

that discrepancy in lifestyle and indoor

activities affects indoor particle mass

concentration level dependent upon the

source and house characteristics. Around

28-39% increased particulate

concentrations were reported in low socio-

economic homes than higher waged homes.

A cascade impactor with PTFE filters

collected particulate matter (PM) pollutant in

coarse (>2.5 µm) and fine (quasi-

accumulation ranges) (2.5-1.0, 1.0-0.5, 0.5-

0.25 µm). Elevated loading for smaller size

particulates (PM0.5-0.25= 54.08 μg/m3)

was observed. Three main behavioural

groups were identified following the size

partitioning trend of elements (a) elements:

Fe, Ca, Cr, Cu concentrated in coarser

particles (b) elements distributed mainly

within fine particle ranges: Zn, K, Al, Pb, Ni

and (c) elements: Mn and Mg exhibiting

indefinite partitioning pattern. Fine to coarse

mass concentration ratio of all metals


Page | 30

except Fe and Cr indicated their derivation

from anthropogenic indoor sources.

Enrichment factor and correlational analysis

gave insight of the potential sources of

metals. Bioavailability index further

calculated showed the importance of

smaller size particles in simulated lung

environment that further varied with element

(21% for Pb) and size (higher in PM0.5-

0.25) elucidating increase in aerosol

enrichment to finest particle. Higher non-

carcinogenic and carcinogenic threats were

embedded within Mn (HQ= 12.1) and Cr(VI)

(ELCR= 1.21*10-3 (adults); 3.63*10-4

(child)) in fine (PM2.5-1.0) and coarser

(PM>2.5) fractions respectively. Results of

this work provide insight into size

segregated particulate monitoring and

address need for inclusive investigation to

study its toxicity and control measures in

establishing safer indoor environment.

………………………………………………….

Dr. Nivedita Kaul

Dr. Nivedita Kaul holds B.E. (Civil Engg.)

and M. E. (Environmental Engg. ) degrees.

She completed her doctoral degree from

MNIT Jaipur. The broad area of her doctoral

thesis is Indoor air quality. She has about

20 years of teaching and research

experience after joining MNIT as a lecturer

of Civil Engineering in 1999. She has a

profound interest in issues related to

environment. She has about 50 publications

to her credit including about 15 publications

in International Journals of repute. She has

guided about 20 Masters’ theses and has

taken up several research/consultation

projects. She is supervising 3 candidates for

Ph.D. currently. She has delivered key note

addresses, guest lectures and invited talks

at International/national conferences and

institutions.

………………………………………………….

Effects of cooling practices on

concentration of pollutants in an urban

microenvironment

Nivedita Kaul 1 * 1 MNIT Jaipur

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Exposure of pollutants emitted during LPG

based cooking can be regarded as one of

the most important environmental and

public health concerns in developing

countries like India. Although considered

cleaner as compared to biomass fuel LPG

emits significant amount of fine particles,

NOx , CO and various organic compounds

in the indoor air. Moreover an occupant

worker is exposed not only to emissions

from LPG combustion but he/she can be

exposed to alarming concentration of

inhalable vapours and aerosols emitted

during roasting and frying activities in a

kitchen. Prolonged frying (as in a hostel

kitchen or during festivals in domestic

kitchen) significantly elevate the

concentration of fine particles and NOx in

the kitchen. The International Agency for

Research on cancer has classified

emissions from high temperature frying as

probably carcinogenic to humans. The 60

minute maximum moving average for PM1

and PM2.5 for hostel kitchens during frying

activity has been reported as high


Page | 31

as 890 µg/m3 and 1119 µg/m3 respectively.

This implies that the workers have to inhale

substantially high concentration of toxic fine

particles for a long time. The value of 24

hour average concentration of PM in indoor

environment over a period of seven days,

significantly exceed permissible limits

prescribed in standards for even ambient

air. Concentration of NOx in the indoor air

primarily depends on the quantity of fuel

burnt (duration of stove used). Average one

hour concentration of NO2 in hostel kitchens

has been reported to exceed WHO

guidelines for indoor air quality significantly.

Long-time exposure to cooking generated

pollutants results in exacerbation of

respiratory ailments by reduction in lung

function parameters and other physiological

parameters. It is imperative to adopts better

Cooking practices and innovative

technologies to minimize emission and

accumulation of vapours and aerosols in the

indoor air. It is important to install efficient

ventilation devices and train the workers to

use them effectively so as to minimize build-

up of undesirable pollutants.

………………………………………………….

Personal Exposure Measurements of

PM2.5 in Children and Adults Living in

Different Microenvironments

Dr. David Daneesh Massey1, Dr. Mahima

Habil2, Prof. Ajay Taneja3

1School of Chemical Sciences, Department of

Chemistry, St John's College, Agra 282002,

India 2Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

University, Agra 282002, India

The high levels of indoor particulate matter

in developing countries and the apparent

scale of its impact on the global burden of

disease underline the importance of

particulate as an environmental health risk

and the consequent need for monitoring

them particularly in different indoor

microenvironments. Human exposure

especially to fine particles can have

significant harmful effects on the respiratory

and cardiovascular system. To investigate

daily exposure characteristics to fine

particles (PM2.5) with ambient

concentrations in an urban environment, a

personal exposure measurements were

conducted for children and adults at

different microenvironments (i.e, homes,

schools and offices) in the city of Agra. In

order to account for PM25 exposure and

measurements personal environment

monitors (PEM) and APM 550 were used to

measure PM2.5 concentration. On

comparing the annual average PM25

concentration with National Ambient Air

Quality and WHO standards the

concentrations were found to be 3-4 times

and 10.9-13.8 times higher for personal and

ambient monitoring at homes, schools and

offices. Moreover, the study elucidates the

fact that the health hazards for occupants

poses greater risk in different indoor

environments. The research findings

provide insight into possible sources and

their interaction with human activities in

modifying the human exposure levels.

………………………………………………….

Hospital Indoor Air Quality in respect to

transmission of infection

Prabir Kumar Sen1

1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry

Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a significant issue

in health care facility. Airborne organisms,

common in the hospital environment, can

pose serious threats to patients, immune-

suppressed/ immune-deficient patients in

particular. Hospital workers and visitors are


Page | 32

also at risk. Though many of the infections

in hospital are transmitted through hand

contact, surgical appliances, catheterization,

intubation, or while putting on ventilation, it

is an accepted fact that most of the

opportunistic pathogens causing hospital

acquired infections (HAI) are at least partly

airborne. They may be non-respiratory, but

they get partly airborne before settling on

the wound, or medical equipment/

appliances.

Setting in proper IAQ parameters, like

temperature, humidity, dilution, filtration,

pressurization, properly locating supply and

return air terminal units, supported by

planned installation, operation and

maintenance through a robust protocol, not

only provides patient comfort, it also

reduces growth, count and transportability

of infectious pathogens in hospital

environment.

Various codes and standards of ASHRAE,

WHO, NBC, FGI give good guidance in

regard to maintaining IAQ in hospitals. But,

a snapshot of healthcare industry shows

that many hospitals are not following all the

guidelines. Advanced infection control

measures, like ultraviolet germicidal

irradiation and photo catalytic oxidation is

being used. But, they are not being located

properly. Even IAQ is not being mentioned

as an important parameter in the infection

control manuals of hospitals. This is causing

large number of hospital acquired infection

and associated deaths. All stake holders

take the infection as an accepted fate.

Emphasis is limited on curing a patient with

HAI, instead of stopping it from happening.

Formation of a regulatory body for

monitoring and regulating HVAC and IAQ

standards in healthcare system may help.

Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality and impacts on occupants: case study of MNIT Jaipur

Nivedita Kaul1, Sumit Khandelwal2, AB Gupta1

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National

Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Recent studies provide substantial evidence

that there is an association between Indoor

Environmental Quality (IEQ) and students’

performance. Temperature, humidity,

lighting quality, odour, ventilation, acoustic

conditions, furniture/space layout define

environment quality inside the building i.e.

IEQ, which plays a crucial role in creating

an environment that supports optimal

educational and health outcomes.

While other variables, such as

socioeconomic factors, diet, special

educational needs and pedagogy, affect

health and educational outcomes, the

present study evaluates the strength and

consistency of current evidence that indoor

pollutants, ventilation, and thermal

conditions may influence students’

performance or attendance. Additionally,

this study briefly presents evidence that

classroom exposure may have health and

comfort implications on occupants, which

may impair performance indirectly. The

influence of IEQ on the students/occupants

in different teaching (lecture/tutorial halls,

laboratories, faculty cabins) and non-

teaching (offices) microenvironments at

eleven different locations in MNIT Jaipur

have been analyzed. Preferable conditions

of IEQ such as thermal comfort, absence of

indoor air pollutants, ventilation rate,

acoustic quality, freedom from malodor,

lighting quality have been assessed through

quantitative and qualitative analysis and


Page | 33

results obtained have been compared with

established guidelines.

Most locations do not meet the guidelines

for thermal comfort in summers and

perceived thermal comfort is higher in

winters than in summers. Few air-

conditioned rooms have a very high

concentration of Carbon Dioxide (2000

ppm). Teacher audibility problem due to

high background noise is reported in some

classrooms. Some occupants have asserted

that poor cleanliness of rooms, dust on

desks, odour from washrooms makes them

uncomfortable and affects their attention

and performance in class.

Interventions are required to alleviate the

impacts of compromised IEQ in educational

institutes so that the money invested in

designing, operation, and maintenance of

the building results in decreased health

complaints and increased productivity.

…………………………………………………


Page | 34

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 7 : IAQ Exposure and

Health

Dr. Naresh Gupta

Dr. Naresh Gupta, alumnus of AIIMS New

Delhi, currently Director-Professor, Maulana

Azad Medical College, New Delhi has over

35 years’ experience in clinical care,

medical teaching, training, evaluation, and

research including dozens of doctoral

theses, in government institutions. He has

years of administrative experience in

managing as Head of Department of

Internal Medicine and the Haemophilia

Centre, and on the committees related to

hospital functioning, academic bodies

including recruitments, ethical and policy

issues. He has been an advisor to several

prestigious national and international

bodies. His outstanding achievements

include establishing new institutional

facilities- first, haematology &molecular

laboratory as assistant professor, and

subsequently a Haemophilia Centre as

professor. He is the FounderPresident of

Health Environment Foundation.

Bio-Aerosols In Indoor Air

Naresh Gupta1 1Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi

Recent times have witnessed an explosion

in fields of air pollution, more so in the

developing world countries. Its constituents-

Bio-aerosols - are attracting recognition for

health impacts, and technological progress

in their identification, analysis, and

monitoring. Bio-aerosols (biological +

aerosols) arise from the microbes or their

metabolic/ toxic products in the particulate

matter in air. These may be bacteria,

viruses, fungi or its spores/ fragments/

mycotoxins, other microbial endotoxins,

plant pollens, or those emanating from the

house pests or pets. House dust is

admixture of all these. It is likely that these

bioaerosols have significant interactions in

humans, who themselves are balanced

reservoirs of microbiome. There is high

likelihood of pathogenic bio-aerosols

thriving in indoor environments. Bio-

aerosols particles, with primary microbes

suspended as single cell or as aggregates,

commonly range 1-100 um in diameter. The

air quality parameters, PM2.5 to PM10,

capture most of these in indoor air, with

viruses belonging to the smallest followed

by bacteria, respectively ranging 0.1- 3.0

um and 1.0- 5.0 um in diameter. The fungi

with larger size, 1.5 to 100 um, tend to

sediment and unlikely to penetrate through

the alveoli. The bio-particles behave

differently compared to physical particles,

and have more complex behaviour,

influenced by the temperature, humidity,

human occupancy and activities and

servicing within the building structures.

Other non-viable constituents in bioaerosols

can also be pathogenic. Bio-aerosol

concentrations are highest inside the


Page | 35

hospitals and other institutions working with

biological materials. As such, the indoor bio-

aerosols are widely diverse in constitution

and distribution. There are issues and

challenges in sampling the indoor air for

studying bio-aerosols. Appropriate sampling

methods are not well defined as yet, and a

wide range of sampling techniques have

been adopted from the methods developed

for general purposes such as impingers,

cyclones, impactors, filters, spore traps,

electrostatic precipitation, thermal

precipitators, condensation traps,

gravitational samplers etc. Timing and

duration of sampling is crucial.

The analytical techniques are equally

diverse, ranging across simple microscopy,

culturebased, quantitative PCR, high-

throughput DNA sequencing, metagenomic

DNA sequencing, endotoxin assay, beta

glucans, ergosterol, 3-hydroxy fatty acids,

N-acetyl hexosaminidase, muramic acid,

fluorescence of airborne particles,

quantitative RT-PCR. Some assays identify

viable organism, others the non-viable

products or metabolites. The mere

identification of a microbe is does not imply

its pathogenic nature, with possibility of tem

being beneficial. Indoor bio-aerosols have

role in causing infections, inflammations,

allergies, and even caners in human beings.

The diseases attributed to bio-aerosols may

transmit via person-toperson or direct

contact (such as Varicella zoster,

Rhinovirus, Influenza A, Measles,

Norovirus, Bordtella pertussis,

Streptococcus pneumoniae,

Staphylococcus aureus), or via mould-

contaminated buildings (like Aspergillus

fumigatus/ versicolor, Penicillium species,

Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichoderma

species), or via animal handlers &

veterinarians (e.g. Bacillus anthracis), or

from infected rodents (Francisella

tularensis), or the infected fleas (Yersinia

pestis), or via the aerosols from water

sprays (e.g. Legionella pneumophila. A

recent meta-analysis on bio-aerosols in

hospital environment reported identifying 56

bacterial species (23 Gram negative and 32

Gram positive, 1 mycobacteria), 45 fungal

genera and 10 viral species. Whereas the

identified viruses originated from the human

respiratory tract, the bacteria originated

most often from human skin or gut, the

environment or water. Mycobacterium

tuberculosis, the single leading cause

worldwide of deaths from infections, is also

linked to the bio-aerosols, be it the crowded

indoors or the closed cabins on longhaul

flights. Healthcare workers are at greater

risk, and with five-fold increased risk for

MDR tuberculosis. The International

Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH)

issued Statement on Preventing TB among

Health Workers April 28, 2018 to ‘Prevent

TB among Health Workers through

Strengthening Occupational Safety and

Health Systems and Services’. Non-viable

lipopolysaccharides endotoxins in bio-

aerosols are potent pyrogens and

considered one of the main factors

contributing to occupational lung diseases

and to organic dust toxic syndrome. Fungi

are pathogenic in many ways (e.g.

Aspergillus), the mycotoxins gain entry via

the intestinal lining, airways or skin. Bio-

aerosol terrorism is a matter of public

concern. The precautionary approach in

prevention is the right strategy to mitigate

adverse health impacts of bio-aerosols.

Prima facie, limit the sources and growth of

indoor bio-aerosols. The indoor bio-aerosols

tend to parallel outdoor bio-aerosols

quantitatively albeit at lower absolute

concentrations and with still lower fungal

loads. As for the human source, the


Page | 36

aerosols get generated during talking,

breathing, coughing or sneezing, resulting in

bioaerosol counts of several thousand from

any single episode. Other sources may be

related to the heating, ventilation, air

conditioning (HVAC) systems, humidifiers,

ceiling tiles, damp ceiling panels, and walls

water-damaged carpets, floor sweeping,

washing, flushing toilet, shower heads and

instruments cooled with tap water,

laboratories and appliances. Preventive

maintenance and personal protective

devices have role in ameliorating the

adverse impacts of bio-aerosols.

Undoubtedly the indoor bio-aerosols have

important effects on humans. Indoor

bioaerosols have dynamic and complex

constituents, making them difficult to study.

Understanding them would require

concerted multi-disciplinary approach

engaging experts, inter alia, from

microbiology, immunology, biochemistry,

medical science, epidemiology, air pollution,

physics, nanotechnologies, mechanical and

civil engineering.

………………………………………………….

Dr. Ravindra Khaiwal

Dr. Ravindra Khaiwal is currently working as

‘Additional Professor of Environment Health’

at School of Public Health (SPH), PGIMER,

Chandigarh afterworking around five years

as ‘Scientist’ in ‘Centre for Atmospheric and

Instrumentation Research (CAIR)’,

University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.

He also had the visiting professor positions

at University of Antwerp, Belgium and

University of Padova, Italy. Ravindra has an

outstanding academic record and obtained

a Doctor of Science (DSc) degree from

University of Antwerp, Belgium. He has

authored more than 80 articles including

original research papers, reviews and book

chapters. Some of his articles are listed as

highly cited by ‘ISI Web of Science’.

He wrote/edited 6 books in the field of

‘Environmental Sciences’. He has guided 4

PhD students including one DM and one

MD. Currently he is supervising four PhD

students. Ravindra has received several

awards and scholarships in the field of

‘Environmental Science and Engineering’.

He has won an ‘Environmentalist of the

Year 2007: Around the Globe’ award by the

National Environmental Science Academy

(NESA), India and was the finalist of

‘Elsevier NASI-SCOPUS 2014’ Young

Scientist Award. His research interests

involve monitoring of pollutants, chemical

composition and source characterization,

health risks assessment and mitigation

policies for persistent and emerging

pollutants; including global climate change

and environmental impact assessment. He

has already worked on several international

projects such as InterREG, EXPER/PF,

ENVIRISK, CAIR4HEALTH, HENVINET,

MEGAPOLI and TRANSPHORM.

Currently he is working as associated

partner on (EU) projects and jointly acquired

funding of over $ 640 thousands to the

School of Public Health. Dr. Ravindra is

serving variousinternational journal and

grant commission as a referee and is also a

member of editorial board of International

Journal of Environment and Waste


Page | 37

Management, Air, Soil and Water Research,

Forum Geographic, Journal of

Environmental Biology (IF:0.56), Aerosol

and Air Quality Research(IF:2.0), and

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

(IF:1.6).

………………………………………………….

Indoor Air Pollution and Exposure

Assessment

Khaiwal Ravindra1 *, Maninder Kaur- Sidhu1 ,

Neha Agarwal1 , and Suman Mor2

1School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute

of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER),

Chandigarh 160012, India

2Department of Environment Studies, Panjab

University, Chandigarh 160014, India

According to The Lancet Commission on

pollution and health, pollution is the largest

environment cause of disease with a

significant contribution from air pollution

(Landrigan et al., 2018). Nearly 92%

pollution related deaths occur in lower- and-

middle income countries. Women and

children who spend considerable amount of

time in indoor environment have the highest

health risks from indoor air pollutants and it

also affects thermal comfort. In the current

study, rural household kitchens in Punjab

were identified on the basis of kitchen type,

location in the house, fuel type and stove

type to monitor the indoor pollution. Real-

time monitoring of PM2.5, carbon monoxide

(CO) concentrations, relative humidity

(%RH) and temperature (T) was performed

for 24 h at 10 s intervals as detailed in Kaur

Sidhu et al., 2017. Majority of the

households used solid biomass fuel (SBF)

for cooking and comparatively higher

consumption of SBF was observed during

winter than in summer season. Fuel

consumption pattern was found to be

associated with socio-economic and cultural

factors (Ravindra et al., 2019).

PM2.5concentration for 10s of recorded data

amongst different kitchen types ranged from

52- 26,000μg/m3 with the highest 24 hour

mean concentration observed in indoor

kitchen with no partition and having lowest

in outdoor enclosed kitchen. The CO

concentrations for 10 s time interval varied

from 0.3–220ppm. For 24 h mean, the

highest concentration for CO was observed

in kitchen having no partition and lowest in

Outdoor open air kitchen. It was also

observed that levels of CO reduce to

background concentrations in 1.5 - 2.5 h

after cooking activity, depending on the

ventilation conditions. SBF users had

highest exposure index and PM2.5 -related

hazard quotient for cooking hours. The

current work emphasizes the need to

replace SBF with clean fuels to reduce the

disease burden (Ravindra.,2019) and for

overall betterment of the women and

children.

…………………………………………………..

Indoor Exposures to Particulate Matter in

Classrooms and Laboratories of a

University Building

Abinaya S" George K Varghese2' M K Ravi

Varma3

1Research Scholar, Department of Civil

Engineering, National Institute of Technology

Calicut, Kerala 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil

Engineering, National Institute of Technology

Calicut, Kerala 3Professor, Department of Physics, National

Institute Of Technology Calicut, Kerala

In India, around 1.5 million deaths occur

every year due to indoor air pollution. The

most common indoor pollutants include


Page | 38

asbestos, biological pollutants, carbon

monoxide, formaldehyde, lead, nitrogen-

dioxide, pesticides, radon, Indoor

Particulate Matter (IPM), second-hand

smoke and volatile organic compounds.

Inthis study, the concentration of IPM io.

IPM2.5 and IPM i was measured using

Laser Aerosol Spectrometer(Grimm

MiniLAS 11-R) in the major laboratories and

classrooms of the Department of Civil

Engineering at National Institute of

Technology Calicut, India. The sampling

was carried out in three trials during working

days at indefinite intervals and found that

the highest level of particulate matter IPM

io& IPM2.5 was found in the concrete

laboratory, where the major source for dust

particles could be cement. The highest level

of PM was found in the dumping yard within

the structural engineering block. The IPM 10

and IPM 2.5 levels in almost all the

laboratories exceeded the permissible value

as prescribed by WHO. The faculty and

research scholar’s cabin within the

laboratory space is highly prone to

particulate matter pollution.

………………………………………………………..

Indoor Air Quality Exposure and Health

Assessment

Ashok Kumar Das1

1M/S Attitude Engineering Trading Company

10A/1, Gobindapur Road, Lake Gardens,

Kolkata, West Bengal

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) plays an important

role on the health of the occupant, affecting

productivity and GDP of any country as a

whole. Hence it is necessary to assess the

impact of IAQ on health. The purpose of this

presentation is giving an idea of the ways to

handle the health-related issues of IAQ for

developing a guideline to handle IAQ

related health assessment. The

methodology proposed for development of

such guidelines is first the detailed study of

various international IAQ guidelines &

standards. Secondly, thorough analysis of

research work done in various countries on

the effect of IAQ on health is to be done.

Finally, on the basis of inputs from aforesaid

sources, a model is to be developed for a

country to suit the aspirations as deemed

fit.IAQ guideline & standard which have

been used for study purpose are WHO

guideline of IAQ and ASHRAE standard

62.1-2010 (Ventilation) 55-2010 (Thermal

Environmental Conditions). Analysis has

been done on research work by some

countries like USA, Canada, Ireland, India &

Australia and organizations like WHO &

Harvard and Syracuse Universities, on the

effect of IAQ on health.

On the basis of study of above data, a

model has been proposed to deal with “IAQ

exposure and health assessment” so that

awareness can be created among all

concerned to feel the importance of IAQ and

to create a healthy indoor air quality for the

occupants as well as for economic

prosperity of a country.

…………………………………………………

Estimation of Indoor bioaerosols and

Occurrence of SBS Symptoms within

Office Premises in Delhi

Arun Kumar Yadav, Palak Balyan,Sonal Gaur

and Dr Chirashree Ghosh

Department of environmental studies, University

of Delhi, Delhi, India

Bio aerosols play a significant role in indoor

air pollution as they can be pathogenic or

cause an allergic reaction following

inhalation. Bio aerosol concentrations in

office environments and their roles in

causing building-related symptoms have

drawn much attention in recent years (Lu et.


Page | 39

a1., 2015).The concentrations of

bioaerosols (as a marker of SBS) were

monitored by open plate method

(Gravimetric method) in indoor and outdoor

environment of two office rooms (Office I &

II) of similar size and activities but having

different footfalls per day (footfalls in Office

I=320 person/day and Office II=180

person/day) within an university campus.

We have conducted bioaerosol sampling for

1 year (August 2017 to July 2018) thrice in a

month and also recorded onsite relative

humidity and temperature. We had also

surveyed staff members using formulated

questionnaire in respective offices to

understand more on exposure based

building related illnesses.The highest

concentrations of indoor bioaerosols were

observed in post monsoon season (330

30.77 CFU/plate) and least in summer

season (270 + 19.48 CFU/plate). High

bioaerosol counts was reported in office I

(296 15.94 CFU/plate) compared to office II

(205 24.86 CFU/plate). In office I, staff

reported more complaint (26.66 Ono) on

health issues compared to office II (20 %).

Most commons symptoms were eye

infection, upper respiratory illness and eye

dryness.The seasonal differences in terms

of total bioaerosols counts were distinct in

outdoor sites compare to indoor sites. The

results indicate that office I showed high

bioaerosols count compared to office II

might be due to high footfall (average 320

Person per day) with the corresponding rise

in human movement at the site. Interestingly

office I reported more SBS symptoms

compare to office II, which somewhere

establish the relation of indoor environment

responsible for SBS.

…………………………………………………..


Page | 40

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 8: IAQ Monitoring &

Modeling

Dr. Pratim Biswas

Pratim Biswas, the Lucy and Stanley Lopata

Professor is the Chairman of the

Department of Energy, Environmental &

Chemical Engineering at Washington

University in St. Louis. Prof. Biswas

obtained his B. Tech degree from IIT

Bombay, M.S from University of California

and Ph. D from California Institute of

Technology, USA.

His areas of research and teaching interests

are in Environmentally Benign Energy

Production, Aerosol Science and

Technology, Nanoparticle Technology;

Energy and Environmental Nanotechnology.

He has won several Teaching and

Research Awards, selected ones include

the 2018 Fuchs Award given for outstanding

contributions in the field of Aerosol Science

and Technology to an internationally

renowned scientist, 2016 Harry White

Award for pioneering work in Electrostatic

Precipitation, 2015 Lawrence Cecil Award

from the American Institute of Chemical

Engineers (AIChE), 2013 David Sinclair

Award given for outstanding contributions

by an established scientist by the American

Association for Aerosol Research. He has

more than 375 refereed journal publications

and has graduated 51 PhD students. He is

the holder of 8 Patents, and his innovations

have led to spinning up of two start-ups, one

in the area of indoor air cleaning

technologies.

…………………………………………………

Low-cost Sensors and a Novel Particle

Control Technology for Indoor Air

Quality Improvement

Jiayu Li1, Tandeep Chadha2, Jiaxi Fang2,

Pratim Biswas1,2

1Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis 2Applied Particle Technology 4320 Forest Parkway, Suite 320 St. Louis, MO 63130, USA

Compact low-cost sensors for measuring

particulate matter (PM) concentrations are

receiving significant attention as they can be

used in larger numbers and in a distributed

manner. Wang et al. (2015)1 compared

three types of popular low-cost PM sensor

from Sharp, Shenyei, and Samyoung and

summarized advantages and disadvantages

of each sensor. To ensure accurate and

reliable representation of PM mass

concentrations, we calibrated the Sharp

sensor with an optical method to study

signal’s dependence on composition and

size distribution. The results indicate that

repeated calibration is needed for low-cost

sensors2. In addition to laboratory studies,

a networked low-cost PM sensor system

was applied in field measurements. They

were deployed in households in Raipur,

India to establish the spatiotemporal


Page | 41

variation of PM concentrations3. From

another study, in a woodworking shop, data

collected by the networked sensor system

was utilized to construct spatiotemporal PM

concentration distributions using an ordinary

Kriging method and an Artificial Neural

Network model to elucidate particle

generation and ventilation processes4.

Finally, novel air cleaning technologies have

been developed for high efficiency particle

removal5,6.

This presentation will describe the use of

these miniaturized sensors in indoor air

quality monitoring. Further, a novel air

cleaning technology based on an

electrostatic precipitation (ESP)

methodology enhanced with photoionization

will be described. The technology is far

more energy efficient than conventional

HEPA filter based methodologies. This

technology not only overcomes the lower

efficiency of ESPs in certain size ranges,

but also suppresses any ozone formation.

Results of the study to capture fine particles

and various bioaerosols such as bacteria

and viruses will be presented.

……………………………………………….

Dr. Tarun Gupta

Tarun Gupta is doctorate from Harvard

University & MTech from IIT Bombay. He

has authored more than120 ISI indexed

journal publications, 8 book chapters, 4

patents, reviewer of more than 36 journals.

He has guided 6 PhD and 34M.Tech.

theses. A submicron aerosol sampler

designed, developed and evaluated by him

at IIT Kanpur has been commercialized by

Envirotech (Delhi). He has developed a high

volume fine PM sampler and transferred

technology to BARC. He is currently P K

Kelkar research fellow and selected

member of INYAS and INAE Associate. He

has recently won INAE Innovator and

Entrepreneur Award (2018), NASI-SCOPUS

Award (2015), INSA Medal for Young

Scientist (2011), INAE Young Engineer

Award (2009) and IEI Young Engineer

Award (2008).

…………………………………………………

Investigating indoor air pollutant

sources within a residential academic

campus using PMF

Tarun Gupta

Professor, IIT Kanpur

Aerosol sampling was carried out to collect

bioaerosols as well as PM0.6 at several

indoor sites within IIT Kanpur campus.

Gram negative, gram positive and fungal

colony forming units were quantified in the


Page | 42

air sampled from various indoor

microenvironments round the year. Eight

elements namely Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni

and Pb were quantified using Inductively

Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission

Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Seasonal

variation as well as human-activity related

differences in both PM and bioaerosol

concentrations were observed within the

sampled microenvironments. Source

apportionment for the indoor air pollutants

was achieved using Positive Matrix

Factorization (PMF). PMF results gave

source profile and source contributions of

indoor air pollution. The analysis shows that

five sources were responsible for the indoor

pollution. The sources were independent of

each other and there was no correlation

between them. The source contribution

showed variations with time. The five

sources identified for indoor pollution were

coal combustion (21.8%), tobacco smoking

(9.8%), wall dust (25.7%), soil particles

(17.5%) and wooden furniture/paper

products (25.2%).

…………………………………………………

Using big data from air quality monitors

to evaluate indoor PM2.5 exposure in

buildings: Case study in Beijing

Liam BatesZhaoMin Dong1

1School of Space and Environment, Beihang

University, Beijing, China

Due to time- and expense- consuming of

conventional indoor PM2.5 (particulate

matter with aerodynamic diameter of less

than 2.5pm) sampling, the sample size in

previous studies was generally small, which

leaded to high heterogeneity in indoor

PM2.5 exposure assessment. Based on

4403 indoor air monitors in Beijing, this

study evaluated indoor PM2.5 exposure

from 15th March 2016 to 14th March 2017.

Indoor PM2.5 concentration in Beijing was

estimated to be 38.6±18.4pg/m3.

Specifically, the concentration in non-

heating season was 34.9±15.8pg/m3, which

was 24% lower than that in heating season

(46.1±21.2)pg/m3). A significant correlation

between indoor and ambient PM2.5

(p<0.05) was evident with an infiltration

factor of 0.21, and the ambient PM2.5

contributed approximately 52% and 42% to

indoor PM2.5 for non-heating and heating

seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean

indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio was estimated to

be 0.73±0.54. Finally, the adjusted PM2.5

exposure level integrating the indoor and

outdoor impact was calculated to be

46.8±27.4)pg/m3, which was approximately

42% lower than estimation only relied on

ambient PM2.5 concentration. This study is

the first attempt to employ big data from

commercial air monitors to evaluate indoor

PM2.5 exposure and risk in Beijing, which

may be instrumental to indoor PM2.5

pollution control.

…………………………………………………..

Quantification of Particles Emitted in

Smoke Generated from Burning a

Popular Incense in an Experimental

Chamber

Radhika Mundra1' Anubha Goel1 Deepshikha2

1Dept. of Civil Eng, Indian Institute of

Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Center for Environmental Science and Eng,

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar

Pradesh, India

In a country like India with strong religious

beliefs and practices, burning incenses is a

quotidian practice inside households and

shrines. Smoke released from burning of

these incenses is found to contain large


Page | 43

number of particles and chemicals making it

a prominent source of indoor air pollution.

This study analyses the smoke and ash

particles emitted from a popular incense

brand in India, in an experimental chamber.

EF (Emission Factor) for PM3.2 generated

from burning the incense is found to be

12.5+4.2mg/g of incense material which is

either in the same range or higher than

some of the incenses from Japan, Taiwan

and Thailand. The EF of the incense smoke

is higher than the EF of biomasses like

sugarcane, rice straw and fuelwood (Amaral

et a1., 2016). The study reveals that 60-

70% of the PM3.2 mass collected consists

of particles less than 1um in size (PMI). The

maximum particle number count emitted

from the incense exceeds 107 which is

higher than the number count reported in

Italian study by four orders of magnitude.

The composition of water soluble ions and

particle bound metals in the smoke is similar

to the incenses reported worldwide. Toxic

elements like iron, zinc and lead are also

detected which can substantially affect

health with regular exposure. Studies have

revealed the adverse effects associated

with incense smoke like delayed gross

motor development and increasing

inflammatory response. This is the first

study in India focusing on the emissions

released from incense burning alone,

without any external interference or dilution,

in an experimental chamber. More

comprehensive chemical analysis of the

incense smoke and relevant health risk

exposure is highly recommended.

…………………………………………………

Association between Carbon Dioxide

levels inside Classrooms and

Concentration Performance of Students:

Evidences from Private Schools of Delhi

Pratima Singh, Renu Arora, Radha Goyal and

Rashid Wakil

Department of Resource Management, Institute

of Home Economics, University of Delhi, DelhI,

India

A growing body of research is found to

support improved occupant performance as

a result of improving the quality of the

indoor environment in classrooms Research

studies have also provided strong

evidences linking low ventilation rates inside

the classrooms with increased carbon

dioxide (CO2) concentrations and reduced

student performance. CO2 concentrations

act as an important indicator of indoor air

quality inside educational premises. CO2

concentration above 1,000 ppm inside a

building is an indicative of insufficient

ventilation which may cause health

complaints in the occupants and may

directly or indirectly impair concentration

and performance of students. Realizing the

need for research in this area, an attempt

has been made to investigate the

relationship between classroom ventilation

and Concentration Performance (CP) of

school children.

In this paper, the classroom ventilation was

evaluated through the concentrations of

CO2 inside air- conditioned (AC) and

naturally ventilated (NV) urban private

school buildings located in Delhi. The

monitoring of CO2 was carried out in two

seasons i.e. non-winter and winter season.

The CP scores of a total of 738 students in

the age group of 13 to 15 years were

assessed through a standardized test i.e. d2

test for speed and accuracy.


Page | 44

The results from the present study indicated

the evident problem of elevated

concentrations of CO2, only inside the AC

classrooms often exceeding the ASHRAE’s

recommended limit of 1000 ppm. The

results from d2 test reflected that mean CP

score of students of NV schools was higher

than that of students of AC schools. The

results further suggested that CO2

significantly affected the concentration

performance of students in both winter as

well as non-winter season (p value < 0.05).

These results pointed that higher CO2

concentrations inside a classroom can

adversely impact the concentration

performance of students.

……………………………………………………


Page | 45

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 9: Acoustic & Thermal

Comforts

Mr. K.K. Mitra

Mr. K.K. Mitra is a Science Graduate with

Post Graduation and Master in Business

Administration. Has 30+ years’ experience

in the field of Thermal Insulation, Active &

Passive Fire Proofing and working as Sr.

Vice President in Lloyd Insulations (India)

Limited. Member of ASHRAE & ISHRAE

and Past President of Ashrae India Chapter.

Presently Chair CTTC of Ashrae India

Chapter. Has been member of the Core

Committee of Experts for drafting Energy

Conservation Building Code of India 2007

and presently member of various

committees of Thermal Insulation at Bureau

of Indian Standards, Govt. of India. Is a

member of technical committee for

standardization of Cold Store specifications

by National Horticulture Board / National

Centre for Cold Chain Development, Govt.

of India and Acoustical Society of India.

Widely visited Europe, Japan, China, USA,

Middle East & Far East countries. Has

participated in various National

&International level seminars & presented

papers. Last year presented paper on

Building Insulation during Ashrae Winter

Conference at Las Vegas. Had attended

Cold Storage training program at Paris

organized by NCCD and Insulation Training

program at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,

Naetsu Japan. Also visits Educational

Institutes / Colleges regularly to deliver

lectures on Thermal Insulation System for

Green and Energy Efficient Buildings.

………………………………………………....

Acoustical Barrier for Highways, Railway

Tracks &Buildings

K.K. Mitra1 1Sr. Vice President, Lloyd Insulations (India)

Limited

Acoustics is the science of study of SOUND

- itsgeneration, propagation and finally its

receipt by a listener. Unwanted sound is

defined as NOISE. Noise is a result of

activities such as loud talking, operation of

machinery or vehicles in the neighborhood.

In today`s world, noise has assumed an

important area of study since it affects our

way of life, our health and our psychology.

Noise protection has become a big

challenge to human beings. The noise

generated from vehicular traffic and railways

create a major pandemonium to the

surroundings. Buildings located next to

highways and even next to heavy traffic

roads in the cities face a lot of noise

pollution inside. This effect of noise

increases tremendously after the evening

hours. The noise generation varies with the

kind and variety of automobiles, for example

Two Wheeler, normal Cars, racing Cars,

buses, trucks etc. This category of sound

generated by the vehicles has become

major problem in the metros. Many building

owners are looking for sound barriers at the

periphery / boundary wall to stop the sound

coming in. Buildings located next to Railway

track are also open to sound pollution due


Page | 46

to crackling noise coming through the

tracks. Here also the sound effect is felt

more during night. Metro lines are over

ground mostly in cities which also generate

similar noise problem. There is a

requirement for proper design, fabrication &

construction of acoustical barriers, which

can stop noise level by 15-20 dbs. In this

case, the sound generated is at the ground

level and usually the noise propagation is

restricted within a height of 1-2 metre.

Properly designed noise barriers upto a

height of 2 metres can stop the noise

propagation to inside of buildings. These

acoustical barriers are usually of metal

frame or high density plastic with high

density fibrous insulation packed inside to

stop the noise. These panels are placed

over solid boundary wall or over metal

stands. These sound barriers in case of

building when fixed over boundary wall will

be made mechanically stronger to act as

anti theft solid barrier. These panels can

also be designed & colored in such a way

so that trees planted outside will have a

very good aesthetic impact. The sound

barriers installed next to railway tracks will

be of sufficient mechanical strength so as to

withstand various types of abuses. In both

cases acoustical barriers will be water &

dust proof and have an extended life.

…………………………………………………..

Experimental Investigation of ISHRAE’s

IEQ Standard Focusing on

Implementation Aspects through Pilot

Study

Shailendra Kumar, Nikhil Jainand Jyotirmay

Mathur

Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya

National Institute of Technology, Jaipur,

Rajasthan, India

In the year 2016, Indian Society for Heating,

Refrigerating and Air Conditioning

Engineers (ISHRAE) released India’s first

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

standard. A pilot study is conducted to

review the suggested measurement

methodology and threshold values for IEQ

elements in the standard. Measurements

are taken in two buildings having a variety

of spaces such as individual offices, open

plan offices, and classrooms etc. The first

building covers a total area of 1400 square

meters distributed over 3 floors, having 25

rooms, and offer 66 typical measurement

locations. Whereas, the second building

covers a total area of 162 square meters

with only 1 floor, 3 rooms, and 10 66 typical

measurement locations. Observations

spanning a year (June 2017 - May 2018)

revealed that the arithmetic mean value of

thermal comfort parameters including indoor

operative temperature, relative humidity

(RH), air velocity and floor surface

temperature are 28.1 + 3.9 °C, 40 16 %,

0.49 + 0.4 mls and 28.3 + 4.5 °C,

respectively. Indoor air quality (IAQ)

parameters including CO2, PM 2.5, and PM

10 concentrations are 570 165 ppm, 41 +

20 pg/m3 and 104 + 39 pg/m3 respectively.

Lighting comfort parameters including

illuminance, circadian lighting design,

uniformity of illuminance and ratio of

illuminance of task area to immediately

adjacent surroundings are 311 + 138 Lux,

326 + 145 EML, 0.93 + 0.05 and 1.02 +

0.16, respectively. Majority of the IEQ

parameters in both the buildings are found

to be meeting the minimum threshold. As

suggested in IEQ standard, occupant

satisfaction survey is also conducted and it

is observed that occupant satisfaction for

indoor air quality, thermal and lighting

comfort are 82%, 80%, and 88%,

respectively. Detailed results of pilot study,

including monthly variations of measured

value are presented in the paper.


Page | 47

…………………………………………………..

Biophilic Design- Connecting with

Nature to improve Health and Well-being

Reema Nagpal1

1Sustainability Solutions Group, AECOM,

Haryana, India

E.O. Wilson, Harvard University socio-

biologist and conservationist, popularized

the word Biophilia, which he defines as "the

urge to affiliate with other forms of life". As

occupants of buildings we are drawn to

spaces that interact with nature. But In the

recent years, due to rapid urbanization,

most Indian cities have rapidly lost their

green cover. Mumbai for instance has a

meagre 0.12 m2 (FAO, 1998) of green

space per capita, as compared to the UN

recommended standard of 9 m2 of green

space per capita. Because of this we are

often left with spaces that do not give us the

choice to interact with nature, spaces that

have no fresh air, or views of anything other

than large concrete buildings. Hence, it is

becoming increasingly important for the

designers to consciously create built

environment that nurtures us. This paper

presents several empirical case studies to

conclude that adding elements of nature to

living and working spaces increases

performance, healing, satisfaction,

productivity, and helps in lowering stress

levels. Case studies to show how biophilic

design can be applied in the design through

real-W'or/d examp/es are also discussed.

Rapid urbanization in Indian cities is also a

major cause of outdoor and indoor air

pollution in the cities, which contributes to

about millions of deaths each year. We

inhale approximately 14400 litres of every

year, so it is important that this air is as

clean as the food we eat and the water we

drink. The paper discusses and evaluates

how indoor plants provide a natural and

highly effective way of removing toxic

agents such as benzene, formaldehyde and

trichloroethylene from the air, helping

neutralize the effects of sick building

syndrome.

…………………………………………………..

The Oxygen Problem

Arup Majumdar

Bonphul Air Products, Gurugram,

We control the air in our immediate

surrounding by keeping all door s and

widows close-Essentially creating an air

bubble in our indoor space. The quality of

this indoor air is measured by indoor air

quality index. The indoor air at most of our

homes is then treated with the help of air

purifier to minimize the PM concentration.

Ideally air should have 21% oxygen; This is

the air we breathe in the mountains.

Unfortunately the oxygen levels in our cities

are low and even lower in our homes and

offices. Oxygen deficiency in indoor air is an

indirect result of keeping indoor air tight

because of air =-conditioning and increased

number of people in a closed environment.

Hence the deficiency of oxygen is a

localized problem for developing

geographies which is being catered to by

Bonphul Air Products.

………………………………………………….


Page | 48

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 10: Monitoring &

Modeling

Dr. Chinthala Sumanth

Dr Chinthala Sumanth is currently working

as a faculty in Water and Environment

Division, Department of Civil Engineering at

NIT Warangal. He has completed his

Bachelor’s Degree from KITS Warangal in

2007. He received his both Masters and

Ph.D Degree in the stream of Environmental

Engineering, Department of Civil

Engineering IIT Delhi. He is specialized in

Air Pollution and his doctoral research was

on estimating the dispersion of PM10 in

open pit mines. He has also worked as a

Project Scientist in IIT Delhi with a

European Union Collaborative

ProjectECOSEE, which deals with

developing innovative materials to reduce

indoor Air Pollution. During this research,

Dr.Sumanth has worked with various

universities and Research Organizations in

Europe to simulate the effect of adsorption

and desorption properties of Innovative

materials in Indoor Environments.

Dr.Sumanth has also worked as project

Scientist in a project SENSurAIR which

aims at developing low cost sensors for Air

Pollution Monitoring. Apart from his

research, Dr.Sumanth is one of the trustee

and Board Member for BloodConnect

Foundation, India’s largest student run

Initiative which is working on blood shortage

in the country.

………………………………………………….

Chamber studies for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Modeling

Dr.Chinthala Sumanth1

1Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Warangal

Evaluating the status of indoor air quality

using scientific techniques has become a

necessity at both urban and rural habitats.

The process generally involves monitoring

of pollutants, investigation of its dispersion

characteristics, formation and destruction of

pollutants, rate of addition and removal from

the sources and sinks respectively.

In order to assess the above, the usage of

sophisticated instruments or low

cost sensors has become a

prerequisite.However, their unavailability

and affordability has a significant effect the

indoor air quality studies at various scales.

To an extent, these studies can be

performed using the Computational Fluid

Dynamics models which can simulate the

pollutant dispersion characteristics based

on predefined numerical solvers. Moreover,

information about the fate and transport of

the pollutant in the real time at the full

scale level remains unexplained.

Chamber studies enable us to supplement

the monitoring studies conducted at full

scale levels along with the monitoring

studies and CFD simulations. The current

paper discusses about the various types of

indoor air quality chambers and their

applications in the investigation of different

air quality parameters. The scaling of

chambers and the factors to be considered

during the design of chambers are briefly


Page | 49

explained. The paper also presents the

case studies in development of ECO-SEE

wall panels and the ability of the

construction materials to absorb pollutants.

…………………………………………………..


Page | 50

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 11: IAQ Standards &

Control

Ms. Pooja Shukla

Pooja works with GBCI India as Senior

Director-Technical Development. She is

responsible for technical development of

rating systems and for identifying and

managing research that strengthens the

GBCI ratings portfolio especially in the area

of human health and well-being. Pooja

received her Bachelor of Architecture

Degree from the School of Planning and

Architecture in New Delhi and Master of

Science in Renewable Energy and

Architecture from The University of

Nottingham in the UK. Pooja is a LEED AP,

WELL AP, USGBC Faculty and an IGBC

Accredited Professional. Pooja has been

working in the field of sustainable built

environment for over 14 years and has

experience of working on diverse nature of

projects. Her assignments include low

energy building design, technical guidance

to project teams on green building

certification, providing recommendations to

government departments for incorporating

green building features and costs in their

building construction documents, review

and development of policies related to

sustainable buildings. She has successfully

led research projects on various subjects

like financial feasibility assessment of green

buildings, performance monitoring of Energy

Conservation Building Code compliant

buildings in India; overview of the Indian

building sector and analysis of its energy

saving potential. She has developed

educational content and conducted

conferences, workshops and training

programs for a diverse group of

stakeholders on various subjects related to

green buildings.

…………………………………………………..

Indoor Air Quality in Green Building

Certification Systems

Ms. Pooja Shukla1

1Senior Director, Green Business Certification Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh

Green building certification systems have

the capacity to address and enrich several

aspects of human and built environment

interaction, thus enabling an environment

that promotes human health, happiness,

and productivity. This presentation will give

an overview of some of the strategies in

LEED and WELL building standard that

contribute towards maintaining healthy

indoor air quality in buildings.

…………………………………………………..

Intervention Technology as a

Sustainable Solution for IAQ Control in

Centrally Air-Conditioned Buildings

Siddharth Arora1

1Apt Technologies, B-17 Sector 32 Institutional

Area, Gurgaon, Haryana

Poor Indoor air quality inside urban settings,

especially inside mechanically ventilated


Page | 51

centrally air-conditioned buildings is a major

challenge & much different from naturally

ventilated ones. Due to big awareness

campaign focused around outdoor pollution

in Delhi NCR during every winter season

from last 4 years, people working in

naturally ventilated as well as inside

centrally air-conditioned buildings, enter into

panic. Good thing is that urban masses

have woken up to need for Indoor Air

Quality measures to be taken. But there is

still lot of ambiguity on the magnitude of

problem and the broad spectrum &

sustainable solutions inside centrally air-

conditioned buildings. There has been

resistance on adapting to high efficiency

filters due to fear of permanent increase in

operating cost.

There are two purposes of this research

document. Firstly, to establish with

evidence, the problem of bio-aerosol as an

inherent year round problem & myth around

PM 2.5, being perceived as a primary

problem throughout the year, even in

centrally air-conditioned buildings. Because

any IAQ control solution which focuses on

seasonal challenge (PM 2.5) & ignores the

permanent inherent challenges (bio-aerosol

& VOCs), cannot be considered as

sustainable or long term. Secondly, to

evaluate the effectiveness of indigenously

designed intervention technology over bio-

aerosol & VOCs without any noticeable

increment in power consumption.

As a Research Methodology, series of Air

quality Monitoring was conducted through A

rated monitoring devices by a reputed &

unbiased monitoring agency. In few

buildings the monitoring was conducted just

for audit purpose and at few prominent

locations in Delhi NCR, monitoring was

conducted before installing the intervention

technology & 2-4 weeks after installation of

the intervention technology.

The document concludes that Bio-aerosol is

a major problem, which exists uniformly

higher in all centrally air-conditioned

buildings & areas. On the contrary, the

much hyped PM 2.5 have not come across

as a major problem in centrally air

conditioned buildings, even in Delhi NCR

during non-winter seasons. Secondly, the

indigenously researched & designed

intervention technology by the name of

Adair AHU, have been proven highly

effective against inherent IAQ challenges of

Bio-aerosols & VOCs & has no side effects

or byproducts generated in traceable limits.

…………………………………………………..

Activated Carbon Based Indoor Air

Purifier

Sanjni Mehrotra1

1Chemical Department, Galgotias University,

Uttar Pradesh, India

The requirement for low price air pollution

control systems is on a rise. This is because

of the increase in the particulate matter in

air. The atmospheric particulate matters are

microscopic solid or liquid matter

suspended in air. These have a strong

impact on climate change, vegetation and

on human health. The recent rise in the

popularity of indoor air purifiers has led to

an exponential rise in the cost of air purifiers

available to consumers. This has left the

poor unable to afford clean air. In order to

deal with problems discussed above we

have designed an inexpensive and reliable

air purifier which uses carbon-based

adsorbent to strip the air of volatile organic

compounds, natural and synthetic fibers for

removing visible and invisible particulate

matter. The air purifier has been tested and

found to be suitable for use for 5 to 7 hours.

This air purifier is based on the principle of

adsorption by using activated carbon.


Page | 52

Activated carbon was used because of is its

high porosity which captures the

contaminants and also it is odor efficient.

Due to its porous structure when certain

impurities pass to the carbon surface it gets

trapped and adsorbed to it by chemical

attraction due to having countless bounding

sites on its surface.

We have proposed a portable, light

weighed, efficient & affordable air purifier to

eradicate this problem by removing

pollutants from indoor air.

…………………………………………………..

Market Trends and Future Potential for

Air Purifiers in India

Arup Kumar

Frost & Sullivan, Gurugram

The presentation will catered to Market Size

and Forecast of Air Purifiers with empahisis

on Key Market Players and its Share, Air

Quality Index in India across Major States

and Emerging Technology Trend.

………………………………………………….


Page | 53

ORAL PRESENTATION:

Session 12: Case studies on

IAQ

Status of Carbonaceous Aerosol at Indoor Environment of Cafeteria in Delhi, India

Papiya Mandala,, Sri Nagesh Mb, Anubha Mandalb

aCSIR – NEERI, Zonal Centre, Delhi bDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi

The present study investigated the

carbonaceous aerosolwith respect to

organic carbon(OC), elemental carbon (EC)

and total carbon (TC) in particulate matter

(PM10) atindoor environment of cafeteria

located at Netaji Subhash Place, North-

West district of Delhi during 2014-15 winter

seasons. The collections of samples were

carried out during the period of three

months (December 2014 to February 2015).

PM10 samples were collected by APM 800

samplers (Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., India) on

Whatman 37mm micro fiber quartz filter

papers for 2 to 3 hourly basis in the dining

area of food court. The flow rate varied from

2.4 lpm to 3.0 lpm during the period of

collection of samples. Indoor PM10

concentrations varied from 1830 to 3212

µg/m3 with a mean of 2709±334 µg/m3. The

concentration of OC in PM10 varied from 54

to 318 with an average concentration of

158±70 µg/m3. The concentration of EC in

PM10 varied from 11 to 71µg/m3 with an

average concentration of 30±17 µg/m3. The

present study revealed that concentration of

PM10, OC and EC at indoor environment of

cafeteria was influenced by indoor and

outdoor air pollution both, meteorological

parameters and guest count.

Optimizing Building Performance

with Real-Time IEQ Monitoring – A

Case Study Louie Cheng1

1Director of IAQA, China Chapter (Shanghai)

Developers and building owners in top tier

cities today are faced with increasing

challenges. They must compete with other

buildings to attract top tenants by offering

continuously better services, tenant

relations, and often a healthier environment.

Meanwhile, they are also seeking to

improve their building operations while

reducing costs. In Shanghai, Hines, the

developer of a new mixed use commercial

building has deployed a cost-effective

building-wide indoor environmental quality

monitoring system to achieve both goals.

By monitoring indoor air quality, water

quality, and energy usage, the building

management has been able to

simultaneously demonstrate its delivery of a

beautiful and RESET-certified healthy

working space while also optimizing its

operations to save money through on-

demand regulation of air quality and energy

spend. More importantly, this developer

has succeeded in utilizing this system to

both attract more tenants and also improve

the cooperation between tenants and

building management.

…………………………………………………..

Environmental Monitoring of PM2.5 and

CO2 in Indoor Office Spaces of Delhi,

India

Akansha Gupta1, Priyanka Kulshreshtha2,

Radha Goyal4, Ashish Jain5

1, 2, 3&4Indian Pollution Control Association, New

Delhi, India

Delhi ranks highest among the most

polluted city in the world in terms of air


Page | 54

pollution. Its health impact may include

diseases like asthma, lung cancer, COPD,

increased long-term risk of cardiopulmonary

mortality. Degraded Indoor Air Quality inside

commercial buildings such as offices may

affect the health of the workers and can

indirectly affect their productivity. In the

present study, a profile of indoor air

pollutant (Particulate matter PM2.5) and the

indoor thermal comfort parameter (Carbon

Dioxide CO2) have been assessed in the

selected office premises of Delhi. The study

revealed that the highest concentration of

PM2.5 has been observed in building A1

(116.5+67 µg/m3) among the selected

buildings of Delhi which could be due to the

high proximity from busy roads. Whereas,

the average concentration of CO2 was found

to be predominately high (1600+30.5 ppm)

in building A2 due to the inefficient

ventilation rate. The result of the study

indicates that CO2 and PM2.5 both played an

important role in determining the total

hazard ratio of the building and each

pollutant was recorded to be higher than the

prescribed limit by NAAQS and ASHRAE

standard. The study also emphasized on

the importance of ventilation system in

keeping the level of pollutants in control.

………………………………………………….


Page | 55

POSTER

PRESENTATION:

………………………………………………….

Study of carbonaceous aerosols in

indoor environment of households in

Baggi Village, Himachal Pradesh

Kopal Verma1' Umesh Kulshrestha1

1 School of Environmental

Sciences,Jawahar1a1Nehru University, Delhi,

India

The hilly areas of India have a major role to

play in determining country’s climatic

conditions, by controlling or providing

protection from various factors such as dust

storms, wind, etc. The residents in hilly

areas are compelled to use biomass for

cooking and heating purposes as facilities of

LPG is difficult to be availed because of

tough terrain, which then results in increase

in carbonaceous aerosols in the immediate

indoor environment. This study focuses on

studying carbonaceous aerosol

concentration in selected houses of Baggi, a

very small village in Hamirpur district,

Himachal Pradesh. This study is carried out

in four houses which were asked to use

different fuels for cooking. The indoor

carbonaceous concentrations of these

households were evaluated during morning,

afternoon and evening times when usually

the residents used to cook. It was found that

when residents are using only biomass

(wood) as a fuel for cooking, organic carbon

(OC) and elemental carbon (EC)

concentrations were alarmingly high with

average of 240 pg/m3 and 118) g/m3

respectively. When a mix of LPG cylinders

and biomass together was used for cooking,

the average values of OC (112 pg/md) and

EC (68 pg/m3) came down to some extent.

Although when residents were asked to

cook the whole meal on LPG there was a

stark reduction of 84% in OC and 73% in

EC concentrations, suggesting that shifting

to LPG will be highly beneficial health- wise

as well as economically. The OC/EC ratio

varied in the range of 0.8 to 2.9 which

depicts that the indoor air pollution is being

caused by the immediate pollution source

i.e. biomass burning. This study shows that

by bringing behavioural change in residents

towards cooking methods a significant

improvement in health and reduction in

indoor air pollution can be achieved.

………………………………………………….

Experimental Investigation And Oxygen

Optimisation of Indoor Air Quality in an

Institutional Building

Kumari Monika1,Gupta Puja2, Kulshreshtha Priyanka3

1&2 Lady Irwin College, Sikandra road, Mandi house, New Delhi-110001 3 Society for indoor Environment

Indoor air pollution is ubiquitous and people

spend 80% of their time inside the buildings.

The stress on the green covers in urban

areas due to population growth and rapid

urbanisation is leading to depletion of

oxygen levels in the air. 21% of earth's

atmosphere comprises of oxygen, which

plays an important role in maintaining the

functioning of immune system in human

body. The objective of the present study is

to assess the oxygen levels (02) along with

the IAQ parameters (PM2.5 (µg/m3), PM10

(µg/m3), meteorological parameters i.e

Relative humidity (Rh) and temperature (oC)

and ventilation surrogate i.e Carbon Dioxide

(CO2 ) in a selected institutional building in

New Delhi during the winter season.

Experiments will be conducted to compare


Page | 56

the pre and post concentration of the

parameters after the installation of oxygen

optimiser as an intervention. Blood oxygen

levels (SPO2) of the occupants in the indoor

microenvironment will be measured in both

pre and post intervention period and the

results will be statistically analyzed. This

study will give an insight to the importance

of oxygen in indoor environment and how it

can help educational institutions to achieve

their goals effectively. Some expected

outcomes are establishing correlation with

SPO2 levels and O2 levels in the selected

micro environment will be analyzed.

…………………………………………………

Comparison Indoor Air Quality for Air

Conditioned (AC) and Naturally

Ventilated Office buildings in Urban Area

Supreme Jain and Dr. Anubha Goel

Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,

India

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is affected by indoor

pollution sources that release gases or

particles into the air and depending on

ventilation conditions, outdoor air can also

be a contributing factor. Proximity to a field

or busy road combined with inadequate

ventilation that limits inflow-outflow of

pollutants can increase indoor pollutant

levels. For this study Two (2) offices, with

natural ventilation and other with central AC

system, within IIT Kanpur campus were

selected. Air quality was monitored

simultaneously indoor and outdoor in these

offices. The aim was to compare the data

for indoor pollutant levels at the two

locations and elicit the influence of

ventilation conditions. Indoor measurements

were made of Size-segregated mass

concentration of ambient aerosols (cascade

impactor, MOUDI) & Particle Number

Concentration (PNC) (OPC). HVS sampler

measured coarse particle concentration

(PMIO) outdoor. Owing to absence of IAQ

standards in India, particle levels have been

compared to such standards in China.

PM10 concentrations were higher in the

naturally ventilated office and were beyond

permissible levels indoor in China (150

pg/m3) at bothlocations. PNC for dp< Um

was also higher in Naturally Ventilated

Room (Cone. > 400000/cm3) ascompared

to AC Room (Conc. = 160000/cm3).

Analysis for particle-bound metals revealed

higher concentrations at the manually

ventilated office. Average mass

concentrations were highest for crustal

element Ca followed by Fe and K, in both

the offices and lowest levels were for Ni and

Cd. Therefore, more research on factors

influencing IAQ and variation over seasons

is required to achieve acceptable IAQ

Standards for better health and high

productivity.

Influence of closed indoor conditions viz.

home electrical appliances which may

provide the energy needed for secondary

reactions and provision of the surface by the

furniture, walls etc also needs examination.

Such results will aid in the formulation of

IAQ standards in India.


Page | 57

KNOWLEDGE PARTNERS

SILVER PARTNERS

SWAROSKI PARTNERS

TABLE PARTNERS

WORKSHOP PARTNER

PARTNERS

PUBLISHING PARTNER


Page | 58

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