Absolutism and the

English Civil War

James I Charles I

STUART ABSOLUTISM

Charles II James II

RESTORATION

INTERREGNUM

CROMWELL

J I C I C II J II

The Stuarts Kings of England & Scotland

(1603-1688)

Central Issues 1. Enforcement of State Religion

2. King’s Power to Tax

3. Who is Sovereign?

STUART ABSOLUTISM

DIVINE

RIGHT

First Permanent English

Settlement in N. America

(1607)

Virginia Company

Private Investment

The Gunpowder Plot “Guy Fawkes Day”

Anti-Catholic

Holiday

• Remember remember the fifth of

November

Gunpowder, treason and plot.

I see no reason why gunpowder, treason

Should ever be forgot...

CHURCH OF

ENGLAND

Everyone in England must belong to the Church of England.

The King James Bible (1611) • in 1604, a group of Puritans

urged James to support a new English translation of the Bible

• represented the Anglican and Puritan desire to encourage lay people to read the Scriptures

• foundation of Protestant Christianity in the English-speaking world

• the most widely sold version of the Bible

The King James Bible (1611)

“Authorized”

Version

People must read the King’s Bible

Puritans and Separatists

CoE “Too Catholic”

One Doctrine

Two Approaches

CALVINISTS

Puritans Separatists

PURIFY SEPARATE

ANGLICANS

Church of

England

SATISFIED

MORE ABSOLUTISM

Petition of Right (1628)

A declaration of rights passed by Parliament in response to Charles’ abuses of power

• Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629

• Parliament did not meet during this

time

• In 1640, Charles was eventually

presented with an ultimatum that would

have stripped him of all effective

authority; he chose instead to raise an

army, and Parliament did the same

CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADS

Supporters of

the King

Supporters of Parliament

• Charles I beheaded

• END of Stuart

Absolutism

INTERREGNUM Oliver Cromwell

“Lord Protector”

Military Dictatorship

Strict Puritanical Rule

“Between Kings”

Puritans Control Parliament

of the Anglican Church

De-Catholicising

Christmas Cromwell’s Parliament passed

laws to restrict traditional

celebrations of Christmas,

which featured twelve days of

feasting, drinking, and idleness.

Ireland

Cromwell’s invasion of Ireland

Restoration of 1660 -re-established monarchy in Charles II (1660-1685)

James II (1685-1688)

• Return of Catholicism

1689 Bill of Rights (Declaration of Rights)

• Affirmed Parliament’s right to make laws and tax

• Laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy

– constitutionalism

Queen Anne Stuart (Anne I)

1702-1714 • last of the Stuart monarchy

• Act of Union 1707 – brought England and Scotland

together under one parliament, one sovereign, and one flag

– united England and Scotland into Great Britain

– Anne became the first monarch of Great Britain

The Acts of Union are presented to Queen Anne by the Duke of Queensbury in 1707