about stalls the truth… about stalls great lakes aviation conference 2014 thomas p. turner mastery...
TRANSCRIPT
The Truth…
About Stalls
Great Lakes Aviation Conference 2014
Thomas P. Turner
Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
www.mastery-flight-training.com
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
www.eaglegroupusa.com
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
Don’t Stall
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
Don’t Stall…unless you mean to
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Loss of Control
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Stall Scenarios
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Type of Stalls
• Power OFF• Power ON• Accelerated
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Type of Stalls
• Power OFF• Power ON• Accelerated
• Flaps UP• Flaps DOWN• Flaps
PARTIALLY EXTENDED
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Critical Angle of Attack
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
High AoA on Final Approach
10°
16°17°
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
High AoA on Missed Approach/Go-Around
10°
16°17°
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
10° 16° 17°
High AoA on Takeoff/Initial Climb
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Critical AoA
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Critical AoA
Maximum Lift
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Critical AoA
Maximum Lift
Best Rate of Climb
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Effect of G-Load
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Effect of G-Load
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Bank Angle During Descent
• LITTLE to NO increase in G-load
Therefore…
• LITTLE to NO increase in stall speed
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
To make an airplane stall,you (or the autopilot or the trim)
must actively resist the airplane’s tendency to descend.
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
My CFI Experience• A36 pilot very nervous about stalls• Told him we’d just slow the plane down and
see how it handles
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading• Decreasing noise
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading• Decreasing noise• Decreasing indicated airspeed
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading• Decreasing noise• Decreasing indicated airspeed
Release the back pressure to reduce the AoA
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Angle of Attack Indicators
• Sense and display actual AoA
• Automatically account for changes in airplane weight
• More visual display of maximum-performance “speeds”
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
• Slower than “normal” speeds• Individually calibrated: no consistency from
one airplane to the next• Single sensor: only accurate in coordinated
flight• No consistent training standard
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
NTSB Data 2003-2012
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
NTSB Cross-Section
C172 PA28 BE23Bonanza Cirrus Duchess
C310 Seneca BaronPC-12 TBM700/850 PA46
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
47%
13%
39% Fatal
Serious
None
Severity of Injury
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
17%
83%
Power Loss
Other
Power Loss
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Takeoff
Cruise
/Man
euverin
g
Balked/M
issed
IFR Circ
ling
Landing
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%Phase of Flight
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
72%
28%
Power On
Power Off
Power ON vs. Power OFF
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
• Stall For Proficiency• Fly to Avoid Stalls
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• The airplane will not stall unless you (or the trim) are actively increasing back pressure on the elevators
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• The airplane will not stall unless you (or the trim) are actively increasing back pressure on the elevators
• Banking when under G-load increases the speed at which the wing reaches critical AoA
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• The more flap, the more dynamic the stall
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• The more flap, the more dynamic the stall• A mush is as bad as a stall
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• The more flap, the more dynamic the stall• A mush is as bad as a stall• Uncoordinated flight increases the AoA on
the low wing, and may not provide stall warning or AoA indications
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
• 55% of all stalls happen on takeoff, go around or missed approach
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
• 55% of all stalls happen on takeoff, go around or missed approach
• 20% of stalls occur during a loss of engine power—many of those fuel management-related
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Mitigations
• Fuel• Be prepared so sensations are instinctive
if an engine quits• Regular practice on stalls and high AoA• Density altitude• Pitch attitudes• Trim for the missed
©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
www.eaglegroupusa.com
The Truth…
About Stalls
Free FLYING LESSONS Weekly e-newsletter
Thomas P. Turner
Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
www.mastery-flight-training.com