About our combustors

1. Please explain the advantages of using your boiler units vs. a conventional stoker-fired, traveling grate, water tube combustion boiler? Also, can you explain how having multiple smaller boiler units is an advantage over having 1 larger steam unit designed to provide the needed steam requirement?

Our incineration technology has advantages of 3S3E, as follows.1. Short For existing incineration technology, a minimum of 8 months construction period is required. However, EnerOne technology requires less than 3 months construction and quick installation is possible.2. Size Flexible Compared to existing incineration technology, EnerOne technology requires 65-85% installation area. This means that we can fit into a variety of small project spaces, if required.3. Scalable l Modular We can install one, two, three, &c. combustors, as needed. If necessary, they can all run on different fuels separately, or even use mixed fuels, on a per unit basis.4. Economic Compared to existing incineration technology, EnerOne technology requires 50~70% less investment. Facility installation and maintenance are available at low cost.5. Efficient Compared to existing incineration technology, EnerOne technology is more than 130~150% energy efficient and effective management is possible through the minimizing of restart times.6. Environmental Compared to existing incineration technology, EnerOne technology minimizes emissions, dust and noise.We use multiple smaller boiler units in order to operate the system more flexibly, in other words, to deal with various possible situations and to avoid complete shut down of the system.

2. What kinds of fuels can you incinerate?

Everything from household waste through municipal and industrial waste, as well as biomass such as wood chips, bagasse, palm kernel shells, EFB-derived pellets, rick husks and corn pellets.

3. How much fuel can your systems handle, per hour?

For municipal waste, our systems (currently) burn 3 tons/hour per combustor. For biomass, we've tested successfully at 4 tons/hour per combustor.

4. Are there any unique boiler tube metallurgy requirements used to prevent ash fouling and slagging for the steam pressures you use?

EnerOne's boiler can eliminate fouling and slag continuously without stopping operation. For example, waste plastic, which we use as fuel for current system, generates large amount of clinker on the wall of the combustor because of high level of ash content. EnerOne's combustor, however, is very robust against such "cling" from melted ash because the inner wall of the combustor is iron rather than fireproof ceramic, as with most other combustors. For example, EnerOne's working combustors burn RDF and RPF (which come from plastic waste) and those fuels produce a considerable amount of ash, which is crystalized after melting. However, that ash does not cling to the inner wall of our combustor because the crystalized ash and iron wall have different material properties. By contrast, if the inner wall of the combustor was built of ceramic, those "clinkers" could cause serious problems for the continuing operation of the

combustor. Clinker does not continue to increase also because we use both air and water cooling for the system.

5. What are the "real" benefits of a small footprint system, given that it will be deployed in a larger plant?

EnerOne's combustor, having high energy efficiency, is focused on energy production rather than simply incinerating waste. It is possible for it to be designed and constructed for small to large scale installations depending on the user's energy and fuel throughput requirements (3 tons per hour and per combustor, RDF/RPF). In addition, when an energy facility requires more than 3 tons per hour of throughput, the boiler system can be constructed as a modular structure, simply by adding combustors.

About the Fuels

6. Can you provide a range of moisture and ash content percentages for the fuels used in your boiler units?

We use waste plastic as fuel for current EnerOne's system in operation. Its moisture and ash content percentages ranges 8-35% and 15-25%, respectively.

7. Is it possible to somehow test bagasse fuel in your feeder system for any of your units operating in Korea?

We have tested various sizes of particles, separate and mixed, for plastics and wood already, and have not experienced any problems, so we expect that the wide range of particle sizes for bagasse should not be an issue, but of course, we would like to test this as soon as possible.

8. Bagasse having higher moisture content at 45-50% may require using more air for complete combustion and there may be capacity issues on the fans used either for induced draft or forced draft air. Does the combustor operate under negative pressure?

Yes, we do operate our combustor under negative pressure. With regard to the bagasse moisture content, we plan to pre-dry the bagasse to 20% moisture content prior to feeding it into the combustors, and at this moisture content, we do not expect any problems with the fans.

9. If green waste or municipal waste comes in at high moisture above 50% are you able to reduce moisture to the range needed (8-35%) to operate in your boilers?

We can work with this higher moisture content, but will need to reduce the moisture percentage for optimal incineration. There are various methods of doing so, but we'd like to look at this in greater detail before making a recommendation on an optimal technique. Basically, our system can dry waste or municipal waste to reduce moisture content by using the combustion gas of the system.

10. Can you use stoker-type coal fuel in your boiler units? If not, what is the particle size requirement for coal fuel or for any solid fuel for that matter?

We have not tested stoker-type coal for EnerOne's combustor. However, it is not a problem to test it if needed.

About the Heat Exchanger (Boiler)

11. What are typical boiler efficiencies for the boiler fuels used in your boiler units?

The biggest competitive advantage of EnerOne's combustor is high-energy efficiency. Energy

efficiency of EnerOne's combustor is higher than other ordinary combustors by 30% since it minimizes loss of heat in the process of incineration and heat transfer. Based on fuel input and energy recovery, the energy efficiency of EnerOne's boiler unit is 87%.

12. What are the water chemistry requirements for the boiler make-up water to maintain boiler tube integrity? Does this differ from conventional boiler water treatment?

Water treatment of the EnerOne's system is not different from conventional ones.

13. Is it possible to design your boiler units using higher-pressure steam at 900 psi (62 bars)?

It is possible. Since the heat exchanger of EnerOne's system uses water tubes, it is possible to design boiler units using even higher-pressure steam than 900 psi.

14. Is there a blow-down requirement for your boiler units? If so, what percent is this as a percentage of total boiler make-up water?

Yes, it needs blow-down. However, the share is less than 0.5%.

About Air Pollution Matters

15. For the air pollution control facility, is continuous emission monitoring (CEM) used?

Korea mandates CEM, though it's called TMS (tele-metering system, continually reported to the Environmental Agency).

16. What air pollution parameters apply to your systems currently in operation?

Air Contaminant Effluent Quality Standard(Related to Atmospheric Environment Preservation Act 12)

[ Refuse Plastic Fuel(RPF) Facility, Waste Incineration Facility]* Period: Since Jan.1st 2010

Classification Contaminant

Refuse Plastic Fuels(RPF) Facility

Waste Incineration Facility

less than 2tons/hour

more than 2tons/hour

less than 2tons/hour

more than 2tons/hour

Gaseous substances

(ppm)

Ammonia 30 (12) 30 (12) 30 (12) 30 (12)

Carbon monoxide(CO) 200 (12) 50 (12) 200 (12) 50 (12)

Hydrogen chloride(HCL) 20 (12) 20 (12) 20 (12) 20 (12)

Sulfur oxides(as SO2) 50 (12) [40] 30 (12) 50 (12) 30 (12)

Nitrogen oxide(as NO2) 100 (12) [80] 70 (12) [60] 100 (12) 70 (12)

Carbon bisulfide 30 30 30 30

Formaldehyde 10 10 10 10

Hydrogen sulfide 10 (12) 2 (12) 2 (12) 2 (12)

Fluoride(as F) 3 (12) 2 (12) 2 (12) 2 (12)

Hydrogen cyanide 10 10 10 10

Bromine compound(as Br) 5 5 5 5

Benzene 20 20 20 20

Phenolic compound(C6H5OH)

10 10 10 10

Arsenic compound(as As) 0.5 (12) 0.5 (12) 0.5 (12) 0.5 (12)

Particulate matter

(mg/Sm3)

Dust 40 (12) [20] 20 (12) [10] 40 (12) 20 (12)

Cadmium compound(as Cd)

0.1 (12) 0.02 (12) 0.1 (12) 0.02 (12)

Lead compound(as Pb) 1.6 (12) 0.2 (12) 1.6 (12) 0.2 (12)

Chromium compound(as Cr)

0.5 (12) 0.5 (12) 0.5 (12) 0.5 (12)

Mercuric compound(as Hg) 0.1 (12) 0.1 (12) 0.1 (12) 0.1 (12)

Copper compound(as Cu) 10 10 10 10

Nickel, Nickel compound 20 20 20 20

Zinc compound(as Zn) 10 10 10 10

Dust scattering 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Exhaust gasRigelmann

scale level 2Rigelmann

scale level 2Rigelmann

scale level 2Rigelmann

scale level 2

Dioxins Dioxins [ ng-TEQ/Sm3 ] 5 1 5 1

About Energy Generation

17. What is the heat rate for electric power generation on a fuel Btu input/kwh output basis? Also please provide some typical electric conversion rates for the solid fuels you have used on a tons fuel input/kwh output basis.

EnerOne's system is capable of burning plastic vinyl (RPF) at 2 ton/hr and wood pellets at 3.5ton/hr. For plastic vinyl (7,000 kcal/kg), the amount of steam produced is 17-18 ton/hr and electricity generated is 2.5-3 MWh.

In the case of the current project with KOSEP (KEPCO subsidiary), it is planned that the system consume 1.9 ton of RPF per hour and produce 15 tons of steam at 400 degrees Celsius, 400 bar per hour, to generate electricity with a capacity of 10MW.

18. Have you done projects where co-generation is practiced? That is where electric power production and steam utilization for mechanical power and heating are performed simultaneously?

No, not yet. Currently, EnerOne operates two steam-generating systems for Daesang and Hansol, which are big Korean conglomerates in food and paper industries. Even though we do not have experience of co-generation for power and heating, one project with Namdong (one of six subsidiary power companies of KEPCO) is in progress, for which a co-generation system using waste plastic (RDF and RPF) fuel has been designed and will be in operation by late 2013.

19. What is the minimum amount of solid fuel needed to operate a boiler and gen-set unit? How are your systems configured?

Our standard system for 10MW generation is 3 combustors, 1 heat exchanger, 1 anti-pollution device and 1 turbine. We can scale down to 2 combustors, 1 heat exchanger, 1 anti-pollution device and a smaller turbine for 5MW, or one of each, for 2.5MW.

The amount of solid fuel per hour varies according to the types of fuel. If the same sized combustors are used, it is possible for plastic vinyl (RPF) and wood pellets to be consumed at 2 and 3.5 tons per hour, respectively. As mentioned, we can reduce the size of system to half, consisting of 2 combustors, 1 each of the heat exchanger and anti-pollution device, and 1 turbine for 5 MW.

After Service and Warranties

20. Do you warranty your work for a period of time after installation of the facility?

Yes, we warranty our systems for two years, and we provide regularly scheduled maintenance services for our systems every five years (for a fee), through the life of our systems, which is 20 years.