abnormal cognitive development.pptx

7/27/2019 Abnormal Cognitive Development.pptx

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Abnormal Cognitive Development

Recognizing Abnormal Cognitive Development and Treating it Where Possible


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Aim

What is normal cognitivedevelopment

How can it be recognized

How to recognize abnormal cognitivedevelopment

What are some signs and tests forabnormal cognitive development

What is one diagnosis that may bepresent

What are some treatment options


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Normal Cognitive Development

Piagets Model of Cognitive Development

2 Processes of Learning Adaptation

Assimilation

Adaptation

Equilibrium State of balance between

what is coming in, andwhat is being retained

(necessary for progress inlearning)


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Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development

Stage Age Character istics of StageSensorimotor 02 The child learns by doing: looking, touching, and sucking. The

child also has a primitive understanding of cause-and-effect

relationships. Object permanence appears around 9 months.

Preoperational 27 The child uses language and symbols, including letters and

numbers. Egocentrism is also evident. Conservation marks the end

of the preoperational stage and the beginning of concrete

operations.

Concrete

Operations

7

11 The child demonstrates conservation, reversibility, serial ordering,

and a mature understanding of cause-and-effect relationships.

Thinking at this stage is still concrete.

Formal

Operations

12+ The individual demonstrates abstract thinking, including logic,

deductive reasoning, comparison, and classification.


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Abnormal Cognitive Development

Abnormal Behavior, or Individual Difference?

Being slow

Jack spent 1 yrs in kindy

Parents very concerned why child is not doing as wellas fast as other kids!

Insisted on moving child to grade 1

Child began to thrive after a while (was now ready toassimilate higher level material?)


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Displaying abnormal characteristics

Problems in social interaction;

Problem with communication (saying you wantwater instead of I want water)

Restricted interests

Repetitive behavior

Be overly sensitive in sight, hearing, touch,smell, or taste (for example, they may refuse to

wear "itchy" clothes and become distressed ifthey are forced to wear the clothes)

Have unusual distress when routines arechanged

Perform repeated body movements

Show unusual attachments to objects

Communicates with gestures instead of words

Develops language slowly or not at all

Does not adjust gaze to look at objects thatothers are looking at

Repeats words or memorized passages, such ascommercials

Uses nonsense rhyming

Does not make friends and is withdrawn

May not respond to eye contact or smiles, ormay avoid eye contact

Prefers to spend time alone, rather than withothers

Doesn't imitate the actions of others andprefers solitary or ritualistic play

Shows little pretend or imaginative play

"Acts up" with intense tantrums

Gets stuck on a single topic or task(perseveration)

Has a short attention span

Has very narrow interests

Is overactive or very passive

Shows aggression to others or self Uses repetitive body movements


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Other Signs and Tests

Babbling by 12 months

Gesturing (pointing, waving bye-bye) by 12

months

Saying single words by 16 months

Saying two-word spontaneous phrases by 24

months (not just echoing) Losing any language or social skills at any age


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Possible Diagnoses

Autism Specialized Tests

Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised (ADI-R)

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

Childhood Autism rating Scale (CARS)

Gilliam Autism Rating Scale Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test - Stage 3

Genetic testing

General Observational Testing Communication

Language

Motor skills Speech

Success at school

Thinking abilities


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Treatment

Early Intervention Family training - assist the family in understanding the special needs of the

child

Medical services - only for diagnostic or evaluation purposes.

Nursing services - assessment of health status of the child

Nutrition services

Psychological services - administering and interpreting psychological tests andinformation about a childs behavior and child and family conditions related tolearning, mental health and development as well as planning servicesincluding counseling, consultation, parent training, and education programs.

Special instruction - includes designing learning environments and activitiesthat promote the childs development, providing families with information,

skills, and support to enhance the childs development. Speech-language pathology - services for children with delay in

communication skills or with motor skills such as weakness of muscles aroundthe mouth or swallowing.


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Treatment

Medical treatment

Administration of medication such as stimulants

or depressants

Treatment of specific symptoms of autism or

other disorder causing cognitive development

problems

Eg. RJ needed medication to calm down so that mindcould focus on specific things at hand


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In the end

Proper examination rather

than assumption of issues

Seek immediate care

Aim to integrate child into

society


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Bibliography

Autism. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2011, from

PubMed Health.

Early Childhood Intervention. (2011, March).

Retrieved March 2011, from Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_childhood_

intervention

Myers, D. G. (2010). Psychology(9 ed.).

Holland, Michigan: Worth Publishers.

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