abida nasreen
TRANSCRIPT
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COLLEGE OF NURSING
NATIONAL HOSPITAL DHA LAHORE .CARDIOMYOPATHY
SESSION 2013
Presented to
Mrs. Zahida Zahoor
Presented by
ABIDA NASREEN
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BY
ABIDA NASREEN
CARDIOMYOPATHY
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CONTENTS OF MY TOPIC1. Objectives2. Introduction
3. Anatomy & physiology of the organ (Heart)
4. Definition of my topic CARDIOMYOPATHY and itstypes.
5. Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathy.
6. Causes of Cardiomyopathy & its symptoms.
7. Diagnostic Procedures
8. Medical treatments
9. Nursing care10. Summary
11. References
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of my presentation we will be able to:
1. Understand what is Cardiomyopathy?
2. Differentiate types of Cardiomyopathy.
3. Identify the causes of Cardiomyopathy.4. Enumerate the symptoms of Cardiomyopathy.
5. Familiarized diagnostic Procedure of Cardiomyopathy.
6. Gain knowledge about the treatment of
Cardiomyopathy.7. Develop idea regarding Nursing care of
Cardiomyopathy
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INTRODUCTION
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
HEART
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What is Cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heartmuscles become enlarged. These enlarged
muscles turn thick and rigid. Thus, forming a scar
tissue and affecting the pumping action of the
heart. This causes the heart to become weak anddevelop abnormal electrical rhythm. The
abnormality leads to arrhythmia and heart failure.
Thiene, G et al. (1996). "Cardiology Essentials in
Clinical Practice"
http://en.wikipedia.org/
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Cardiomyopathy (literally "heart muscle disease")is the measurable deterioration of the function of
the myocardium (the heart muscle) for any
reason, usually leading to heart failure.
Kasper, Denis Lh. et al. (2005). Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edn.
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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Types of Cardiomyopathy
There are basically three types of cardiomyopathy.These include:
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Contd….
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
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Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
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Causes of Cardiomyopathy High blood pressure Metabolic disorders like diabetes, thyroid problems
Heart tissue damage
Heart valve abnormalities
Drinking excessive alcohol Hemochromatosis
Complications during pregnancy
Toxins in the body like cobalt
Use of drugs like cocaine Connective tissue disorders
Sarcoidosis
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Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy
Chest pain
Breathlessness
Bloating
Swelling of the legs, ankles Irregular heartbeats
Fatigue
Heart murmur
Fainting and dizziness spells
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Diagnostic Procedure of
Cardiomyopathy
Chest X-ray
An echocardiogram
Electrocardiogram
Coronary angiogram, and Cardiac MRI
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Treatment for Cardiomyopathy
The treatment differs according to the condition that affects theheart.In case of dilated cardiomyopathy, medications given include
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,
Beta blockers, diuretics.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are treated with calcium
channel blockers & beta blockers.
Other than medications, there are various surgeries that involve:
placement of defibrillators,
pacemakers,
valve replacement,septal myectomy.
In severe cases, the patient may be recommended a hearttransplant.
NURSING CARE IN PATIENTS
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NURSING CARE IN PATIENTS
WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY
Assessment:Respiratory: shortness of breath, sleep half sitting, use lots of pillows, cough with no sputum,breath Crekles, Ronky (+), history of chronic lung
disease, use breathing aids.
Neuro Sensory: weakness, dizziness, fainting,disorientation, behavioral changes, irritability.
Social interactions: decreased participation insocial activities.
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NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. Decrease in cardiac output associated withmyocardial muscle damage.
2.Activity intolerance related to decreased cardiac
output.
3. Lack of knowledge related to lack of information.
4. Impaired gas exchange associated with
congestive polmunal.
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NURSING GOAL/INTERVENTION
GOAL: Reduce the burden of heart.Criteria: Vital sign within normal limits, free from the
symptoms of heart failure, decreased dyspnea.INTERVENTION1. Auscultation apical pulseRATIONAL: assess the frequency, heart rhythm.
INTERVENTION2. Record heart sounds, peripheral pulse
palpation, blood pressure monitor.3. Assess against pale skin, and cyanosis.4. Provide supplemental oxygen as indicated.5. Elevate the legs, avoid skin pressure on the
kneeEVALUATION:
1. Patients can perform their daily activities.2.Can participate in activities, to meet its own
needs, vital sign during activity is within normal range.
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Summary
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References
1. Kasper, Denis Lh. et al. (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edn. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-139140-1.
2. Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology for Respiratory Care,Jahangir Moini, Ch.2; page 24
3. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-
topics/topics/cm/types.html 4. Gabriel A. Adelmann; McKenna, W; Bristow, M; Maisch, B;
Mautner, B; O'Connell, J; Olsen, E; Thiene, G et al.(1996). "Cardiology Essentials in Clinical Practice" .Circulation 93 (5). pp. 841 –2. doi :10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.841. PMID 8598070 . Retrieved
11he 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies.
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