abhishek jani 01 urban management and governance

Case Study of Governance Structure URBAN MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE 27-Nov-14 F.S. MURP-II DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE MAHARAJA SAYAJI RAO UNIVERSITY OF BARODA ABHISHEK JANI 01

Case Study of Governance Structure

Jamnagar Municipal Corporation Page 1

Contents

1 CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3

1.1.1 GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE IN INDIA ............................................................................. 3

1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................. 4

1.3 AIM ........................................................................................................................................ 5

1.4 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................... 5

1.5 LIMITATION ........................................................................................................................... 5

2 AN OVERVIEW OF THE CITY ......................................................................................................... 6

2.1 JAMNAGAR ............................................................................................................................ 6

2.2 NATURAL RESOURCES IN JAMNAGAR .................................................................................. 6

2.3 DEMOGRAPHY OF JAMNAGAR ............................................................................................. 7

3 EXISTING GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE .......................................................................................... 8

3.1 JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ............................................................................... 8

3.2 GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE ................................................................................................... 9

3.2.1 ELECTIVE (POLITICAL) WING ........................................................................................ 10

3.2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE WING ............................................................................................... 11

4 EXAMINING GOVERNING SYSTEM ............................................................................................. 14

4.1 PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE .............................................................. 15

4.2 HEALTH DEPARTMENT ........................................................................................................ 17

4.3 REFORMS............................................................................................................................. 18

4.4 FINANCIAL ASPECT .............................................................................................................. 19

4.5 OTHER ISSUES ..................................................................................................................... 21

4.6 INITIATIVES TAKEN BY JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ........................................ 21



5 TOWARDS BETTER GOVERNANCE .............................................................................................. 23

6 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 24

7 REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................. 24



1 CONTEXT

This case study is about to understand Governance system in India, Decentralization and

delegation, meaning of local self-government, organization structure at city level, functions &

power of local self-government, conditions and reasons for success and defect of local self-

government with study of duties and responsibilities of authorities in context of Jamnagar

Municipal Corporation.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

World is rapidly becoming predominantly urban. It is being stated that

urbanization leads to development but Urbanization is a source rather than simply a by-product

of development. India despite of its population being rural, is witnessing an increased pace of

urbanization and thus it is the country having second largest urban system in the world.

Cities offer opportunities for unleashing economic potential, increasing energy

efficiency, reducing inequities, and creating sustainable livelihoods for all. But in India Growing

cities and towns face additional challenges, such as high percentages of people living in slums;

expansion and dominance of the informal sector; inadequate urban basic services, especially

water, sanitation and energy; unplanned peri-urban expansion; social and political conflict over

land resources; high levels of vulnerability to natural disasters; and poor mobility systems. If

cities are to play their role as drivers of economic and social development, these challenges

have to be addressed through effective planning and governance.

1.1.1 GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE IN INDIA

INDIA is Union of State and follows three tier systems CENTRAL, STATE & LOCAL (ideally

they are not under or above each other, they are parallel. But somehow in India we can see the

difference that central and state are parallel but local comes under state government.). If we

see Indias governance system one can call it democratic decentralized system. It means

performing functions according to the principles of democracy through and with the

participation of the people in achieving the objectives through the implementation of people

oriented welfare programmes and projects. The essential element in decentralization is the



delegation of decision making functions. But the constitution had favoured greater power to

states (until 1992).

In 1992, a major step towards the decentralization and empowerment of local

governments in India took place with the enactment of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.

The Amendment calls for greater responsibilities and authorities for local governments by

recognizing it as a third tier government. The focus is on making urban local bodies (ULBs)

accountable for efficient management of cities. Because the government who is close to the

people is best suited to deliver the maximum number of functions. The actual functions to be

devolved on local governments are the responsibility of the states.

The State Governments have created a large number of functional bodies in the form of

development authorities like housing boards, slum development agencies and water and

sanitation boards. The growth of these specialised agencies has weakened the authority of

municipal bodies and contributed to their atrophy. This has also led to a fragmented approach,

with a large number of bodies working in isolation. Consequently, urban local bodies remain ill-

equipped. Hence after 1990 government of India had taken different initiatives for urban local

bodies to have effective management of cities with the help of governance.

1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY

After understanding all above things the study is need to understand all the aspect

properly. The powers and functions of local bodies varied from State to State as the subject

Local government, that is to say, the constitution and powers of municipal corporations was

included in the State List, empowering the States to define the role of the urban local bodies

through statutes. Infrequent elections, rigid governmental control, inadequate autonomy and

lack of capacity have been some of the problems faced by urban local bodies through statutes.

Because of the critical importance of cities in national development Jamnagar city must give its

contribution to the nation. The case of Jamnagar is taken because general observation states

local body is not able to carry its responsibilities effectively (because of recent cases of

development and during the public survey nobody had distinct idea of the same), other general

observations also states that lack of coordination among departments (road construction,



sanitation etc.). So there is need to find out why and where the things are stuck and not

performing the requirement and actions related to the problems, by understanding governance

structure of Jamnagar, its powers, functions, responsibilities and city management.

1.3 AIM

To understand Jamnagar Municipal Corporations institutional and organizational frame work,

its powers and functions.

1.4 METHODOLOGY

To carry out the study basic thing is needed is the basic knowledge about Municipal

Corporation, acts and other related literature. So as first step literature study is needed. After

that before visiting Jamnagar Municipal Corporation the study from the website of J.M.C. as

much as possible is needed. This will give all necessary information and save time when the

visit will be done and also give more time to ask other questions. And the visit of J.M.C. after

preparing a questionnaire regarding study and meeting people and discussions with them.

1.5 LIMITATION

The case study is limited to functional analysis and therefore not considering the finance part of

the same.



2 AN OVERVIEW OF THE CITY

The case selected is of Jamnagar Municipal Corporation. To achieve aim of the study it is

essential to study about city, its growth and its municipal corporation in local context.

2.1 JAMNAGAR

Jamnagar is a city of Jamnagar district located on the southern coast of Gulf of Kutch and

337km west of Gandhinagar which is the capital of the state Gujarat. Headquarters of this

district is located in the eponymous city of Jamnagar. The city came into existence in 1540,

built by erstwhile ruler Jam Ranmal. Later the city was built up substantially by Maharaja Jam

Saheb Shri Ranjitsinhji in 1920s, when it was known as Nawanagar. Jamnagar was built around

the small Ranmal Lake. The city was developed according to western architecture and known

as the Paris of Saurashtra for its planned city and architecture. The city is also known as the

city of joy". This port city is fondly known as Chhoti kasha due to hundreds of temples in the

city and many Sanskrit Pathshalas. Jamnagar has Indias first and only Ayurveda University and

college. The Bandhani tie-and-dye of Jamnagar is well known all over the world. Jamnagar is

also known as Brass City, the city is housing more than 5000 large and 10000 small scale units

manufacturing brass items. Nearly 200 tonnes of brass goods are produced in these industries

daily. Jamnagar is also known as Oil Capital of India as it hosts two largest Essar and Reliance

crude refineries.

2.2 NATURAL RESOURCES IN JAMNAGAR

Jamnagar district lacks large perennial rivers. Most of the rivers are seasonal. The main rivers

are namely Vartu, Aji, Und, Venu, Nagmati, Fuljar, Sasoi, Ghee, Rangmati, Sihan, Ruparel and



Demi. Jamnagar is rich in mangrove forests which are found in abundance in Pirotan Island off

the coast. Pirotan Island is a constellation of 42 small islands rich in mangrove forests and is

home to Indias only marine sanctuary.

2.3 DEMOGRAPHY OF JAMNAGAR

The total area of Jamnagar city is 121.80 sq. km with total population of 5,29,308 as per the

2011 census. Density is 4300 per km sq with sex ratio 904 females/1000 males.

Population: 1981- 2.78lacs,

1991-3.11lacs,

2001-4.477lacs,

2011-5,29,308



3 EXISTING GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE

3.1 JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Government has organised the administrative management local body for all the cities to

provide different Civic facilities to the Citizens of the city. Government has organized

institutions for planning and development of city. Jamnagar has two institutions, Jamnagar

Area Development Authority (JADA) and Jamnagar Municipal Corporation (JMC). The

jurisdictions of these are demarcated clearly in physically and functionally both terms after 74th

CAA. The Jamnagar City of Gujarat is managed and supervised by JMC, the key Local Body that

looks after the administration of the city and governs it quite efficiently. The JMC was brought

to picture and given the administrative responsibilities so that the residents of Jamnagar are

not deprived of any civic facility which will in turn make their life smooth and easy. JMC

executes its administrative functions with regard to all local public related affairs and sees to it

that the Jamnagar residents are provided with all the basic and truly vital services like Health,

Road and Transport, Sanitation and Drainage, Light, Water Supply and so on and the present

goal of JMC is to incorporate latest advanced technologies in the Governing process and Local

affairs management system in order to keep pace with the changing times and to provide Public

facilities in an easier and effective way.

Jamnagar City Council came into existence on December 30th, 1875. It started collecting

revenue on large scale since 1st of July, 1902 with the goal of making the Body economically

self-sufficient. 2nd October 1949, was a significant date for Jamnagar because that was the day

when the Municipality of Jamnagar actually executed. The Jamnagar Municipal Corporation

was the next big leap towards a solid governance of the city and it came into being on October

6th, 1981. The total area of Jamnagar city is expanded recently and made 121.80 sq.km., which

was 34.59 sq.km. with density of 4300 per sq.km. The city was divided into 19 wards for the

purpose of management and whole city was divided in civil zone 1, 2, 3, and 4(Civil zone 1

include ward no 6,7,8,14. Civil zone 2 includes ward no 9, 10,11,18,19. Civil zone 3 includes 12,

13, 15, 16, and 17. Civil zone 4 includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.). The present population of the city is 5,

29,308- as per 2011 census. The administrative functions and operations undertaken and



executed by JMC, strictly fall within the rules and regulation specified under the Bombay

Provincial Municipal Corporation Act, 1949.

3.2 GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE

The sole goal of JMC is to manage and supervise the various local affairs to which the State

Government or National Government need not pay any heed. In the hierarchy of

administration the local body indeed play a pivotal role because they are looked upon first

when you encounter any issues or depend upon for the immediate availability of all the basic



amenities and services needed to make your life easy. For that one must understand the

governance structure of that local body.

Jamnagar Municipal Corporation has two wings Administrative wing and elected (political)

wing.

The Elected body is responsible for governing the affairs of the municipal corporation.

Administrative wing under commissioner is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the

Municipal Corporation.

3.2.1 ELECTIVE (POLITICAL) WING

Under the Provisions of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act, 1949, Section - 4, the

powers have been vested in three Distinct Statutory Authorities:



Elected body includes Mayor, General board, standing committee and other committees.

General Board: The General Board is the supreme body of the Corporation constituted by

elected members from each wards. Three members are elected from each ward for the term of

5 years. The 19 wards make a total of 57 councillors. Each wards having 3 councillors. One

third of the seats are reserved for ladies.

Standing committee: The Standing Committee is one of the most important committees. It has

the powers to sanction and award major works. It is also vested with financial powers.

Other committee: there are other committees which look after specialized functions of JMC.

There are 17 other committees. Public works committee, water works committee, sanitation

committee, light committee, poor urban and social welfare committee, slum up gradation

committee, sports and cultural committee, town planning and marketing committee, health

and garden committee, drainage committee, primary education committee, legal committee,

officers staff selection committee and vehicle committee. Each committee have 7 members

including chairman and vice chairman.

3.2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE WING

Head of the Municipal Corporations administration is Municipal Commissioner. Municipal

Commissioner is assisted by Deputy Municipal Commissioner-he is answerable to

commissioner. Municipal Commissioner and Deputy Municipal Commissioner are appointed by

State Government of Gujarat. The Municipal Commissioner has executive and financial powers.

As number of Deputy Municipal Commissioner is depended upon the population of the city

Jamnagar Municipal Corporations Administrative wing has one Deputy Municipal

Commissioner and one Assistant Municipal Commissioner. The responsibility of administrative

wing is to do infrastructure and developmental work in the city.

The administrative activities of the Jamnagar Municipal Corporation are carried out as per

Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act 1949. So all the powers, duties and accordingly

functions are carried out by each individual as well as from each department under BPMC act.



This whole complex structure is responsible to provide service to the residents of the city,

which can also be termed as the duties of Jamnagar Municipal Corporation. Duties include

maintaining the city area and cleaning roads, collection and disposal of garbage, maintaining

and cleaning pipelines and public toilets, providing streetlights to public properties, maintaining

places of public interest, maintenance and administration of Funeral places, providing and



maintaining educational facilities, providing registration facilities of birth and death to the

citizens, construction of new roads and bridges as needed, relief work during natural hazards

and spending 10% revenue income to develop slum areas.

This administrative structure shows that all 30 departments are divided from which 16

Branches are under Assistant Municipal Commissioner and 14 Branches are under Deputy

Municipal Commissioner (with total technical and non-technical staff around 650). Controlling

officers assisted by Branch officers are appointed to handle all these branches. There are 6

persons who are controlling officers of different 30 Branches. They are assisted by Branch

officers, deputy officers, chief officers, office superintendent, senior clerk and junior clerk.



4 EXAMINING GOVERNING SYSTEM

The structure shows that there is unity of command in organization structure. There are not

any overlapping or confusing aspects and we can see a clear homogeneity in it. The evaluation

process has been carried out by examining the parameters of good governance. As the legal

base of formation of JMC is the BPMC and 74th CAA, the functions allotted to JMC are according

to both these acts. These two acts are capable to make any municipal body work in the

direction of good governance. So by evaluating the functions of JMC we can judge whether it

has been successful in achieving good governance.

The passage of 74th Constitution Amendment Act in 1992 was the first step for decentralisation

and empowers local Government. The administrative functions and operations undertaken and

executed by Jamnagar Municipal Corporation follow the rules and regulation specified under

the Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act, 1949. So the Acts listed functions in two

categories obligatory functions and Discretionary Functions. The municipal functions as per

article 243W are 18 functions.

From all the 18 functions listed above Planning for economic and social development is not

being followed. Also the function Urban planning including town planning is also in dark

whether it is being followed or not. Function Public health and conservation which was

unattended is now going to be taken into consideration. Function Urban forestry, protection

of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects is also in the dark (The reason behind

it is the recent case of Ranmal lake beautification project which is kept on hold by High court of

Gujarat after almost 30% work was executed). Function of giving primary education is also

vague because the educational boards results for last three years have been not up to the

mark. From obligatory functions under BPMC act mentioned in 63 function no 7(lighting

department), 16 & 21(health department), 22&23(town planning department) are not followed

properly and weak in execution.

As all these functions mentioned in acts are not properly followed by relative departments the

overall co-ordination among all departments and hence development of the city is not going in

right direction.



For understanding this relation (of functions with development process) or impact of

disobeying or not following acts and reforms, the detailed study and examination of few

departments are carried out and explained below.

4.1 PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE

Planning and development of the city is under Town Planning department. This department co-

ordinates with other departments and works for the development of the city. Under these

Jamnagar Municipal Corporation is responsible for the work and maintenance of roads, bridges,

slum up gradation, traffic circles, drainage and public amenities like public parks and public

buildings and public toilets etc. For the maintenance purpose Jamnagar Municipal Corporation

inviting private owners for the work.



J.M.C. has been formed in 1981. Since then as on today 30 years has been passed but no town

planning scheme has been completed fully till date. This is major drawback. As care has been

taken from the administration as well as political wing to know how the city and the

development will work for future. No actions have been taken to complete facilities in newly

developed area or in other words proposed TP scheme area has been provided. Now due to

this reason migration of people in new areas within the city did not take place and hence the

city remained congested. That is one of the reasons behind not developing city after 30 years

also.

Usually draft plan regulations regarding building byelaws and zoning are planned out for the

period of 10 years and get revised at every 10 year period of time. Now in the case of Jamnar 1st

DP and regulations were framed in 1981 to 1991. But unfortunately second draft was started

preparing in 1994 and came in practice only after 2001. Now the period of 10 year is a long

period for any kind of development. As on today the draft which was came in force in 2001 is

still in practice in 2014 and at present another DP is in progress of making since last 3 years

which is planned up to 2031 and CEPT institution is involved for preparation of DP.

Looking to the construction of several kinds of buildings in Jamnagar it appears that there are

few laps in the building bye laws. Because of this loop holes the interpretation of bye laws can

be made either way. Resulting in malpractice and because of this the builders or professionals

take dis advantage of this loop holes results in irregularity in development.

The present population of the city is 5, 29,308- as per 2011 census. There are total 51 numbers

of slums in Jamnagar. The total slum population in Jamnagar is 1, 56,264 which is almost 23-

25%% of total population. The area of Slum land is 19722.50 Sq.mt. Total No. of households

are about 26,670. Vide affordable housing scheme, JMC have plans 1768 houses for LIG group

and EWS class. The cost of houses for beneficiaries between Rs. 3 11 lacs. EWS having 1 BHK

flat (26.90 sq.mt carpet area), LIG 1 having 1 BHK flat (35.53 sq.mt carpet area) and LIG 2 having

2 BHK flat (49.46 sq.mt carpet area). But there is neither any kind of detailed study of existing

conditions of slums nor any kind of socio-economic studies. The detail studies like demographic



profile of slums, employment status in slums, household classification (general, SC, ST, OBC),

existing dwelling type (pucca, semi pucca, katcha house), existing infrastructure facilities

avalible and its status etc. are not done by Jamnagar Municipal Corporation. So one cannot

understand the actual reality and ultimately the beneficiaries do not satisfactory environment

and facilities.

The chart of expenditure shows that 60% of income is being used in maintenance because of

poor construction quality. The poor construction quality is sign towards poor monitoring

system and willingness of work.

4.2 HEALTH DEPARTMENT

The responsibility of the department is to see or manage all the activities which affect the

health of the citizens. This department works for food inspection, provision of health care

centers, hospitals, solid waste management etc.

The initiative is taken as this function was not undertaken effectively with the aim to reduce

infant and maternal morbidity and mortality and increase contraceptive prevalence rate. JMC

runs 12 urban health centres (out of 12, 1 has started this year) in different slum pockets of

Jamnagar with aim to improve the health status of urban poor particularly the slum dwellers

and the underprivileged group.

For solid waste management Jamnagar Municipal Corporation hired company name Antony

on contract base. There are adequate landfill sites to accommodate waste over a period of 20

years but the landfill sites are not planned and designed accordingly with liner, leachate

removal and LFG extraction by the company. The vehicles are not in good conditions. The ULB

is not considering any alternative to disposal through landfill sites. Even there is not an effort

of any method of segregation at source. ULB dont have any resources for waste incinerators

and rendering units for visceral waste. Jamnagar has largest hospital but ULB do not have any

resources for medical waste sterilization units. Even there is not an effort of any method of

segregation at source. So at source level ULB and citizens must take responsibilities to

segregate waste at source only. For the segregation at source level, awareness programs and



such activities are not held which are necessary to create awareness and responsibility among

citizens.

4.3 REFORMS

As cities are important in national development, efforts are being made during the last two

decades to improve urban governance in India. The passage of 74th Constitution Amendment

Act in 1992 was the first step. This was followed by several urban reforms in the states.

Launching of JnNURM - a program for promoting reforms and Investments in select 65 cities by

the Government of India (GOI) in 2005, has brought a paradigm shift in urban development

strategy. Similarly, the GOI launched two other programs Urban Infrastructure Development

Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) and Integrated Housing and Slum

Development Program (IHSDP) for non-mission cities. These programs have mandatory reform

component to improve city governance. Thirteenth Finance Commission also recommended

several reforms- some mandatory and others discretionary- to improve municipal finances and

to strengthen urban governance.

UIDSSMT requires certain reforms to be undertaken by states / cities.

Those reforms are accounting reforms, property tax, levy of user charges, community

Participation law (UIDSSMT requires certain reforms to be under taken by states/cities in

Community Participation, with the objective of institutionalizing citizen participation as well as

introducing the concept of the Area Sabha in urban areas. The larger objective is to involve

citizens in municipal functions, e.g. setting priorities, budgeting provisions, etc.), E Governance,

municipal accounting, public disclosure law, internal earmarking for basic services for poor etc.

trying to be follow with all modules in it.

E-GOVERNANCE

E-governance in municipalities focuses on improving national element of citizen services

through defining service levels and outcomes; facilitating interactive interaction between local

government, citizens and other stakeholders; improving quality of internal operation of local



government; enhancing transparency and accountability; enhancing citizen interface and

improving service delivery to citizens.

Initially payment, T.P. branch, payments and receipt of staff salaries were provided by

computerization later entire tax system was digitized and later on it was converted on the basis

of carpet area as per Government Guidelines. Jamnagar municipal corporation has its own

website which provides information about the city, about Jamnagar Municipal Corporation,

about administrative and political structure, about services charges & tax rates, about budget

information, about projects on hand, complains and also provide forms for birth death

registration, birth report, death report, application for ambulance, water line repairing or

transfer form, loan subsidy form, septic tank cleaning application, property name transfer form

and marriage registration form.

E-governance is started before 4-5 years and still people are not doing online complains. The

information on website is should be updated every year at least which is not followed. The

example of it is website is having tab of city development plan with zoning map but do not

have any information on that page. Most recently Jamnagar Municipal Corporation was about

to established fully E-governance for their administration and almost under procedure to hire

expertise but Government of Gujarat has decided and informed to local body like other local

bodies not to go for E-governance on their own and the entire procedure and related work will

be carried out & provided by Government of Gujarat. This information has been passed to

Jamnagar Municipal Corporation through GR. So the modules which were not completed

before (water supply and other utilities, citizens grievance monitoring, procurement and

monitoring of projects, health programs etc.) are still incomplete. After completing the

improving and updating it JMC will achieve better information, management and transparency.

4.4 FINANCIAL ASPECT

J.M.C. has taken loans from Gov. of Guj., world bank, Defense, G.M.H.B., LIC, G.O.I., G.M.B.,

GSDMA, UBI, SBS, JADA for different purposes like fire fighter equipment, flood help age,

upgradation of slum, underground drainage, filtration infrastructure, up gradation of slum,

water works, victoria bridge, EWS, Road Renovation etc. The current status is shown below:



The money which was taken was not put in use at the time and delay happened, because of it

the project cost increased. For example, underground drainage system of Jamnagar is started in

1983 but as on today entire city is not covered with underground drainage system. And that

too without sewerage treatment plan. The water is directly going in sea without treatment

before disposal. The underground drainage project cost in 1983 was 73 Cr. But because of that

reason after spending more than 3000 cr. On it the whole city is not covered. The total

expenditure for maintenance is more than 60%. Lack of quality construction of roads and all

call for more maintenance. Octrois recovery grant is not provided regularly by Gov. and the

corporation has no other source of income except house tax and water tax and its resulted in a

big gap to full fill establishment expectable like salary and hence resulted in failing towards

payment to the employers. But there is one initiative taken which will generate income. STP

(Sewerage Treatment Plant) works on PPP mode has been started and it will be first STP of its

kind in Jamnagar where private party will construct it within 2 years of liability period and 13

years of operation and maintenance free of cost. JMC will get Rs. 4 crores per year during the

Operation and maintenance period i.e. total Rs. 52 crores in 13 years.



4.5 OTHER ISSUES

There is a process for community participation in city planning activities but there is not any

formal process for community participation in municipal budgeting.

Old city area is facing unhygienic conditions like open drainage, old structures, traffic etc. but

no initiatives are taken. As old city or core of the city must be deal differently. Though the

underground drainage systems in city area is successfully carried out, but due to lack of efforts

in planning and new approaches for unifying both the older area of the city and new

development is not up to the mark, it must be tackle in a different way.

Now according considering the age of J.M.C. the city could have been in the Developed shape

but things has not been planned out and executed within the frame of time and hence the

desired results had not been achieved. The lack of technical expertise in staff is one of the

reasons of bad condition. J.M.C. extended its boundaries 122 km.sq. and the staff of

corporation is now approx. 700 people which is less and will not be able to handle the area.

Even there is a gap of technical staff in corporation. There are around 150-180 technical

personnel like engineer and supervisor in corporation and so situation is very critical as the

area of Jamnagar Area Development Authority (JADA) is merged under Jamnagar Municipal

Corporation few months back. The situation become worst when training programs are not

held at regular intervals by local body. In all over India all Municipal Corporations are spending

almost 1200 Cr for training of their employees. In case of Jamnagar Municipal Corporation after

2001 earthquake only twice training program for civil engineers has been organized.

In Jamnagar Municipal Corporation somehow somewhere I found trend of giving temporary

solutions rather than understanding problems and giving permanent solutions. These

temporary solutions after some time needs again attention so again they waste time and

money both.

4.6 INITIATIVES TAKEN BY JAMNAGAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Jamnagar- a heritage city, keeping this identity in mind JMC has perceived this vision and have

adopted certain projects to restore the identity of the city. JMC is taking initiative to have



preservation and revitalization of the heritage monuments in the city, under the guidance and

supervision of Archaeological Department, Gujarat State.

Administrations top priorities are to increase the HDI in Jamnagar. The government has

ordered to survey the land of the city Jamnagar again, which is to be done every 30 years

according the law, but for last 100 years, the survey of the land was still and with no

movements.

Brass parts industry is a hub giving employment to approximately 1.5 lakh people and out of

that 38,000 are women. As last three years education Boards results have been aggravated, to

alleviate the basic primary education, JMC is planning model school which can be exercised in

each taluka.

Jamnagar city always suffered from severe drought conditions with the result that the water

supply system worked always under great strain. Today also water supply is being done on

alternate day basis. Jamnagar Municipal Corporation has a master plan regarding supply of

water for Jamnagar city considering the existing source of water, filtration capacity, and

distribution network, draw capacity of pipelines and future population up to 2036 with

requirement for project for water supply works.

M-governance

All G2C services such has vaccination alert, monsoon alert, birth registration, complain

management for all municipal services, tax advisory, payment due reminders etc. and different

types of C2G services such as tax amount dues, different types of charwsges dues etc. will be

implemented by the end of this year(2014).

To be Smart city Jamnagar is also taking initiatives. Vehicle tracking system GPS system will

be installed in all municipal vehicles within 6 months. CCTV surveillance system will be

implemented. JMC will install ATP machines at Civic Centre where citizen can play their dues

24x7. JMC has already implemented 24x7 call centre where any citizen can register any

complain of any department through toll free number and citizen will be informed on his

mobile by SMS regarding complain.



5 TOWARDS BETTER GOVERNANCE

J.M.C. is trying to improve governance and administration by doing efforts to fulfill reforms and

taking initiatives as mentioned above.

The tax sheets show that there is Cr. and Cr. Amount of tax is not paid by people even after

giving notices and warnings. So Innovative ways like people who didnt pay their taxes their

names are hanged on boarding and displayed in public at different locations of the city. After

that if people are not responding than sealing process can be done as counter action.

To improve existing conditions community participation should be there in city planning

activities and municipal budgeting and also in planning for economic and social development.

The planning approach should be redefined. One must understand that cities are not only for

cars or roads or infrastructure facilities, they are elements which make city more comfortable

to the people. One must understand that cities should be planned for people and places not for

or according to cars and roads and traffic.



6 CONCLUSION

After the necessary study carried out for understanding the organisation and framework, its

performance and duties due to bad governance and management Jamnagar is facing stressed

physical infrastructure, inadequate delivery of basic services, air and water pollution,

uncollected wastes, etc., exposing citizens to harmful environment.

FAILURE OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION in terms of service and development of the city is

because of unidentified roles-political awareness and institutional capacities, inadequate

finance, weak monitoring systems, Weak executive systems, restrictions from three wings of

defence army, navy and air force, State controls.

Controlled direction is governance. Urban governance from the case and literature my

understanding is controlling and guiding direction of growth of the city

7 REFERENCE

http://www.archive.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://www.mcjamnagar.com/complain-re-

regi.asp



http://www.archive.india.gov.in/citizen/nagarpalika/nagarpalika.php

http://www.archive.india.gov.in/citizen/nagarpalika/nagarpalika.php?id=4



http://deshgujarat.com/tag/jamnagar/

http://www.jada.org.in/RTI.html

http://www.slideshare.net/ourvibrantgujarat/jamnagar-6077474

http://deshgujarat.com/2013/10/11/80-km-area-added-to-jamnagar-municipal-corporation-

limit/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamnagar

http://jnnurm.nic.in/reforms.html#

abhishek jani 01 urban management and governance

Documents

existing governance

demography of jamnagar

health department

administrative wing

elective political wing

examining governing

natural resources

financial aspect