abb storm preparedness web in ar presentation

ABBSlide 1July 24, 2015

Take the wind out of the next SuperStormStrategies for storm preparedness and quick recovery to improve grid reliability and resiliency

ABB PowerED Power Education Webinar Series: July 24, 2015


Taking the wind out of the next SuperStormTodays experts

Brian Friedrich, PE,

Vice President, US Service Sales,

ABB Inc.

John Boggess,

Principal Project Engineer, Power Systems Substations,

ABB Inc.

Craig Stiegemeier,

Business Development and Technology Director,

Transformer Remanufacturing and Engineering

Services (TRES), ABB Inc.

Parag Parikh,

Industry Solution Executive, Power Systems Network

Management, ABB Enterprise Software


IntroductionStuff happens

Natural disasters happen

Hurricanes, floods, tornados

2015 AccuWeather Atlantic Hurricane Forecast


Introduction

Space weather (geomagnetic storms)

affect the earth and power grid system

Solar flares, solar storms / wind

Monitoring and forecasting space

weather is a national priority

Use ground and space-based

sensors and imaging systems, past

conditions, and numerical models.

Able to predict space weather on

time scale of hours to days.

Recent activity

June 22 G4 - severe geomagnetic storm

June 25 enormous geomagnetic storm (2 days) Credit: NASA/SDO/AIA/LMSAL


Pre-Storm

Substation analysis and

hardening

Power transformer

evaluations

Proactive outage

support agreements

During the storm

Monitoring

Agenda

PostStorm

Substation first responders

Repair parts

Replacement equipment

Field services

Rapid transformer

replacement


Substation hardeningJohn Boggess,Principal Project Engineer, Power Systems Substations, ABB Inc.


Storm hardening of substations

Source: NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

Top 5 US Costliest

Storms

$125B - Katrina

(2005)

$68B - Sandy (2012)

$38B - Ike (2008)

$29B - Wilma (2005)

$27B - Andrew

(1992)Tertiary Source: Wikipedia, for

background purposes only

U.S. 2012 BILLION-DOLLAR WEATHER AND CLIMATE DISASTERS

Recent Superstorms have increased pressure on utilities and governmental agencies to harden

critical infrastructure for improved grid system reliability during major storm events.



Impacts to substations can range from minor to

catastrophic:

Loss of HVAC system

Loss of AC station service

SCADA & communications failure

Loss of DC battery system(s)

Water damage to protection, automation &

control equipment (i.e. control house)

Damage to high voltage equipment from

flooding in switchyard

De-energization of a substation

Fire and catastrophic loss

Flood inundation impacts to substations

Substation owners must evaluate the risk ofloss for specific equipment and/or systems todetermine the scope of the flood mitigation.


After identifying critical substations with

vulnerability to storm surge (as per FEMA

FIRM maps) or high flood zones, different

levels of flood mitigation can be

employed.


Innovative substation solutions can

provide early warning capabilities,

mitigate potential outages, and reduce

restoration times during weather events.

Developing a flood mitigation strategy



Float switches can be strategically

installed at locations throughout a

substation. The output contacts from the

float switches can then be hardwired into

the substations SCADA system and monitored via status points to alert

operations of flood events.

Substation flood monitoring

Multiple float switches, at different

elevations, can notify operators of initial

flood conditions, as well as higher water

events at critical flood levels.

Initial

Critical



For distribution substation applications, a

proven approach has been to combine the

cost-effectiveness of modular equipment

solutions with the storm hardening concept of

elevated substations.

At medium voltage levels, many modular

substation designs are available that can be

installed on elevated foundations, platforms or

stilts.

Elevating substation equipment

Dedicated protection & control/bulk

power protection enclosures

Standby generator; aux power in storm-prone

or remote environments



Elevated substations, integrated with GIS, provide reliable, reduced-footprint

replacement solutions with environmental immunity. Based on prior installations & case studies, elevating substations with indoor GIS

(gas-insulated switchgear) has proven to be an excellent solution to flood-prone

substation areas.

According to the U.S. DOE, per August 2013 Report - U.S. Energy Industry

Response to Recent Hurricane Seasons, Common hardening activities to protect against flood damage include elevating substations and relocating facilities to areas

less prone to flooding.

Elevated substations

Elevating an entire transmission substation is more challenging due to the amount of

space required for increased electrical clearances at higher voltages.



Typically utilizes an enclosed cast-in-place (CIP) basement/cable vault, partially below grade, with water-proofing, sloped-floor, and sumps to manage water

intrusion. For severe flood loading, stilt designs or breakaway walls can be

incorporated into the foundation design per ASCE 7-10 flood loading guidelines.

HV apparatus, protection & control, and other major equipment is located on the first floor concrete diaphragm with an elevation above projected flood levels.

A pre-engineered metal building, with increased galvanizing and specified with HDG or stainless steel materials are used to withstand the corrosive environment.

Excellent flexibility can be provided with SF6-to-Cable connections.

Keys to elevated GIS substation design


Completely enclosed substation

Use of all dead-front equipment

All connections via plug-in cables


No exposed HV/MV conductors in entire

substation

Superior Safety by Design solution

Keys to enclosed substation design


Storm hardening of substationsExamples of elevated and/or enclosed substations



Significant storm surge and flood events are relatively rare. However, recent

superstorms have caused catastrophic property damage and loss of life.

The U.S. DOE estimated outage costs to range from $18 to $33 billion dollars per

year (in the last ten years). Paramount to the significant costs related to these

power outages is their potential hindrance to emergency responders.

Infrastructure hardening with substation upgrades at strategic locations can reduce

the impacts of flooding & wind at critical substations during severe weather events.

Innovative substation solutions and new technologies can improve grid storm

hardening by detecting floods early or building substations with environmental

immunity to withstand flooding, corrosion & wind.

Storm & flood hardening of critical substations vulnerable to flooding can provide

improved reliability, life cycle costs, security and most importantly public safety.

Summary


A layered approach for power equipmentCraig Stiegemeier,Business Development and Technology Director, Transformer Remanufacturing and Engineering Services (TRES), ABB Inc.


A layered approach for power equipmentTransformer resiliency, geomagnetic storms and recovery transformers

Agenda:

Assessment of critical stations and equipment to the impact

of regional challenges

Storms hurricanes, tornadoes, and solar storms

Seismic exposure

Build in hardening or modify to improve equipment

resiliency

Geomagnetic storms

Effects of geomagnetic storms on power transformers

Impact of transformer reaction on the grid

Ability to quickly recover from major damage


Protect your grid to minimize downtimeA layered approach for power equipment

1. Assess the asset risk to natural and physical disturbances

2. Harden equipment against extreme environments

3. Monitor the asset and surroundings and automate response

to abnormalities

4. Rapidly repair lightly damaged equipment

5. Rapidly replace severely damaged equipment

Strategy must flex to address a diversity of failure modes

Assess risk, harden, monitor, automate, rapidly repair or replace


Harden (new designs or modify existing equipment)Example: relocation of key equipment to less vulnerable locations


Harden (new designs or modify existing equipment)

Solid (oil free) construction reduces risk of fire

Non-porcelain shed minimizes possible damage to people

and equipment and increases resiliency to contamination

High-seismic zone rated

Take advantage of material advancements, such as dry bushings (and porcelain-free arresters)


Hardening has its limitations must prepare for rapid repair or replacement of damaged equipmentTrain personnel for rapid recovery

1. Develop trained rapid response teams

2. Response team has access to standardized spare parts &

systems designed for rapid installation

3. Emergency response for storms or disasters with pre-

established order process to expedite reaction

4. Coordinated training with federal, state and local first

responders

1. Focus on field safety performance

2. Familiarization with tools and equipment

3. Technical support for Fusion Center

5. Include transportation logistics supporting move of large

equipment to critical locations

6. Consider a life-cycle support process


Geomagnetic disturbance (GMD)

Strong solar flare activities => Sends plasma beams to earth

Changes the magnetic field of Earth => GMD

By NASA


Change of earths magnetic field => Voltage in transmission circuits

Transmission line / Power

transformers / Ground

Fraction of a volt to several volts/km

Ground currents flow into neutrals of

power transformers

Magnitude of GIC in a transmission

circuit is a function of:

Magnitude & orientation of GMD,

location on earth, proximity to large

bodies of water, resistance of the

soil, & direction / height / length of

the transmission line

Highest for > 500 kV transmission

K Scale

Mechanism of generation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC)


Non linearity of the core material limits core from fully

saturating

DC causes part cycle saturation of the core


% Imag of 1 phase Transformer under effect of DC

Per Phase Currents

High Peak pulseOne per Cycle

Small mean width1/8th 1/12th of Cycle

RMS = 15 20 % of peak


VAR consumption vs. magnitude of GIC

Utilities use this data to plan their VAR resources during GMD events

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

% M

VA R

atin

g

GIC, Amps/Phase


0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660

% H

arm

on

ic A

mp

litu

de (

% o

f R

ate

d L

oad

Cu

rren

t)

Harmonic Frequency, Hz

Harmonic Spectrum of Magnetizing Current under different levels of GICs

Idc = 25 Amps/Phase

Idc = 50 Amps/Phase

Current harmonics associated with DC / GIC

Utilities use this data to optimize protection during GMD events


-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

GIC

, Am

psA

DC

Low / moderate magnitudes of GIC

sustained for several hours;

interrupted by short duration / high peak pulses

7 hr signature of GIC

Signature / profile of GIC


Winding Hot Spot Temperature vs Time, 1-Phase Transformer

108

110

112

114

116

118

120

122

124

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time, Minutes

Wdg H

ot S

pot Tem

pt, D

egre

e C

Idc = 50 Amps

Idc = 30 Amps

Idc = 20 Amps

Effect of GIC on winding hot spot temperature

Actual temperature rise is much lower for the short duration of high GIC peaks

For a 2 minute duration: Rise is 3, 4, and 6 C for GIC of 20, 30, and 50 Amps


Evaluation of total susceptibility of transformers to effects of GIC

To determine which transformers:

Are susceptible to damaging overheating

Are susceptible to core saturation and only moderate

overheating

Have low level of susceptibility to either effects of GIC

Are not susceptible to effects of GIC

Total susceptibility to effects of GIC is determined by:

Transformer design based susceptibility

GIC level based susceptibility


Results of GIC susceptibility study on large power transformer fleet > 500 kV

Orange: Susceptible to both core saturation and possible damaging winding and/or structural

parts overheating

Yellow: Susceptible to core saturation and only moderate overheating

Green: Low susceptibility to both core saturation and overheating

Blue: Not susceptible to core saturation or overheating


FERC Order 779

In May 2013, FERC issued

Order 779 which directs

NERC to submit reliability

standards that address the

impact of GMD on the

reliable operation of the

bulk-power system

Stage 1 operating procedures

Stage 2 detailed assessments (planning

studies)

Standards project 2013-03

(GMD mitigation) began in

June 2013


TPL 007 summary

Requires a GMD Vulnerability Assessment of the system

for its ability to withstand a benchmark GMD event without

causing a wide area blackout, voltage collapse, or damage

to transformers, once every five years. Applicability:

Planning Coordinators, Transmission Planners

Requires a Transformer thermal impact assessment to

ensure that all high-side, wye grounded transformers

connected at 200kV or higher will not overheat based on

the Benchmark GMD Event. Applicability: Generator

Owners, Transmission Owners


GIC effects


Studies needed for GIC concerns

Geo-electric field determination

DC system modeling

GIC calculation

Calculation of transformer reactive power absorption and

harmonics

Planning type studies with added reactive power

absorption, considering contingencies.

Conduct harmonics studies and determine the effects

Identify limit violations and system issues

Conduct thermal assessment of a portion of transformer

fleet

Determine mitigations and study their effects


Emergency Storm Response Program

Program focuses on power products and services for substations

HV breakers and equipment, MV switchgear and equipment, power transformers

Types of support - personnel and equipment

Proactive - preplanned program for disaster support

Research vendors now and set up blanket PO (in advance of storms) for defined

responsibilities: scope of work, work locations, manpower requirements, equipment

requirements, timing

Assessments, hardening

Reactive just had an unexpected disaster - need help now

Work with vendors that have a quick PO, standard terms and conditions of sale

Look for OEMs who have the drawings and schematics

Look for vendors with full coverage areas and a network of resources


First responders

Advance team to perform initial

assessment of substations to quickly

identify rough work scope required

What are the priorities

Quick-fix versus fully restore

Outage restoration priority changes


Initial assessments

Flooding of control cabinets as shown in a control relay from

an 115 kV SF6 circuit breaker control cabinet


Success story SuperStorm Sandy

Reactive Quick PO with major NE utility

Quick to site 1 day for first responders

Team came in right after approximately 100 techs within 2 weeks as need dictated.

Initial focus get people back on-line Band-Aids

Work scope

Substation overhauls (13 substations)

Transformers, HV breakers, and MV switchgear

Cleaning, testing, repairs, replacements

Replacement breakers and components

(surplus / used market)


Rapid response exampleRecovery Transformer (RecX) Program

Began before 9/11 with EPRIs Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI)

ABB was asked to examine feasibility of a

fast-to-install transformer design

DHS became involved after the project

created a


Versatile recovery transformer RecX Project

Mobile transformers are not a new concept, but have traditionally been limited to

less than 100 MVA and 230 kV

Challenges and limitations

Why are they limited?

Large power drives physical size

Heavy weights (hundreds of tons)

Transportation difficulties

Inability to fit equipment into complex

site locations


Versatile recovery transformer RecX Program

How can we overcome these limitations?

Size and Weight

Separate into single-phase units

Distributes weight

High temperature

insulation

Reduces weight

Longer lifetime

Higher overload capacity

Transportation

Shipment via truck

Rapid delivery to

site

Flexibility

Transformer mounted on steel frame

Easy lifting and setting

Acts as transformer

pad

Remote cooling system

Flex connections, easy to place


Recovery Transformer (RecX) ProgramRapid deployment using truck transportation


Recovery Transformer (RecX) ProgramRapid deployment Assembly using pre-configured subassemblies


Recovery Transformer (RecX) ProgramRapid deployment Storage to energization: 5 days, 10 hours, 10 minutes (no overtime)


Outage Lifecycle Management Enabled Storm Preparedness

Parag Parikh,Industry Solution Executive, Power Systems Network Management, ABB Enterprise Software


Challenges of grid reliability & resiliencyThe main historical issues have remained the same

Regulatorycompliance

OPEX + CAPEX management

Customer engagement

Reliability

Health & safety

Operational complexities


Super storm Sandy constituted a strategic surprise for me and much of the

Department of Defense. Paul Stockton

Difficult logistics and poor

communication between utilities,

defense officials, state planners and first

responders.

Inadequate communication to

customers, inadequate planning in

vulnerable areas, poor visibility on the

grid.

Lack of attention on future black sky events worse than Sandy.

Super stormsA Strategic Surprise for the Power Sector


Changing the game from Centralized to Distributed Grid

Centralized generation

One-directional power flow

Generation follows load

Top-down operations planning

Centralized and distributed generation

Intermittent renewable generation

Multi-directional power flow

Operation based on real-time data

Demand Response for economics and reliability

TRADITIONAL GRID

DISTRIBUTED GRID

Outage Lifecycle Mgmt;

OMS, Mobile, Analytics

PV Solar complete

Panel-to-Grid solutionsDistribution SCADATransformersReclosers & SwitchesWireless Infrastructure

Asset Health

Energy Management

EMS SCADAMarket Operations


Storm Preparedness Opportunities for Improvement

5 of 6 major New York IOUs cited

for inadequate communications

capabilities during Sandy.

During overtime workers typically

make between 200% and 300% of

average hourly base salary.

AutomationRegulatory innovation

Reducing OvertimeImproving Outage Communications

Fault Location to identify fault

location

FLISR to reduce impact of an

outage

Damage Assessment

automation to improve ETR

and Restoration Plans


Evolution of Outage Lifecycle

Integrated Outage Management

Event Management

Outage Management System

Proactive Distribution

Management

Mobile Workforce Management

Asset Health Management

Organizational Visibility

Enterprise Asset Management

Enterprise Resource Planning

Outage Management 2.0

Outage Management 1.0

Historical


Optimizing the Outage Lifecycle

Connecting the Pieces

Outage Management System

Distribution Management System

SCADA

Distribution Automation

Mobile Workforce Management

AVL

AMI

DERMS

EAM/ERP

GIS

CIS/CRM

IVR

Grid Analytics

External Communications


The lifecycle of an outage

Prediction + Preparation

Schedule and prioritize resources and keep

stakeholders informed

Assessment + Restoration

Isolate, auto restore , deploy right crew to safely and efficiently restore remaining customers while keeping stakeholders informed

Repair + Closeout

Compliance, reporting and review helps build plan for next outage

PlanningForecast, plan and prepare resources with full visibility

and scenario-based planning

1

2

3

4

OLM


Outage Lifecycle ManagementStorm Preparedness

Planning

Library of storm models What-if analysis Customer notification preferences Asset Health Solution enabled asset review

Prepare

Projection model for impeding storm Assess resource needs and location Prepare for mutual assistance call outs and on-boarding

Assess & Restore

Damage Assessment and Outage Analysis Enable self-healing whenever possible Prioritize work and dispatch crew Notify stakeholder

Closeout

Post event analysis and reports to identify crew work, outage areas and issues

Build data for future preparation, planning and grid hardening tasks


Advanced Distribution Management System

Common Network Model and Training Simulator

Data Historian & Business Analytics

SCADA

Communication Infrastructure

Field Devices DA Devices, Sensors and DER

OMS Applications Trouble Call Management

Outage Analysis

Operations Management

Crew Management

Referral Work Orders

Switch Order Management

DMS Applications Load Flow Analysis

Short Circuit Analysis

Fault Detection and Location

Automated Switching

Overload Reduction Switching

Volt/VAR Optimization

Enterprise

Integration

GIS

AVL

IVR

AMI/MDM

Data Acquisition

Monitoring & Event Processing

Supervisory Control & Interlocking

Data Archiving

Calculation & Reports

Human Machine Interaction

Inter-Center Communication

Communication Front-Ends (Protocol Conversion)

Common Operator Graphical User InterfaceEnterprise IT Systems

CIS

ABB Outage Lifecycle Management & Grid Optimization Solution

Mobile Workforce

ManagementAsset & Work

Management

DRMS &

DERMS

IT/O

T C

onverg

ence

Asset Health Center


Uses all available real-time and

historical data on assets

Online monitoring/sensors

SCADA/historian

Inspections and testing

Work orders

Risk of failure and criticality is

continuously assessed

Current picture of asset health

always available especially during storm planning and preparation

Drives optimal storm planning and

maintenance decisions

Storm PreparednessAsset Health - Risk of Failure and Criticality

Location


Storm Preparedness & RecoveryAdvanced Distribution Management System

Assess

System StateSystem

AnalysisSystem

Reliability

System

Restoration

Outage

Analysis

FLISR

Load Transfer

Outage

prediction and

ETR generation

Real-time power

flow analysis to

improve

confidence in

Switching

decisions

Real-Time

Analysis

Crew

Dispatch

Restoration

Switching Plans

ETR Updates

Cold-load Pickup

Manage field

activities

Normalize feeder

configuration

Customer

Notification

Fault Location

calculation

Self-healing Automatic

Switching

Minimize outage

impact

Reliability

Improvement

Prepare system

planning and

reliability

enhancement

studies

Compare actual

operational actions

against simulated

scenario

Restoration

Switching

Operational

Preparedness

Validate and

plan system

control actions

Save simulation

for contingency

planning

Balance load

Prepare switch

order template

Improve grid

resiliency

System

Planning

Simulation

Case Studies


Storm RecoveryDamage Assessment & ETR

Assessment Information

ID: 32

Area: West

Lat, Long: 41.876789, -

71.3996124

Date Assessed: 08/26/13 3:04

PM

Assessment Details

Assessor Name: Tom Hill

Hazard Level: High

Equipment: Poles / Lines

Customers: 5

Critical: 1

Emergency Onsite: Yes

Work: Replace 3 poles. Click here to enlarge

Move lines.


Provide accurate and consistent and

timely outage communications to

internal and external stakeholders

Increase customer satisfaction

Increase situational awareness

Support multiple communications

channels (text, smartphone, web, etc.)

Storm RecoveryOutage Communication

Source: ComEd


Storm Preparedness & RecoveryOutage Lifecycle Management Benefits

Ensure compliance with regulatory requirements with

full audit trail throughout the event.

Same tools to be followed in blue sky days and major

events

Improves situational awareness, in the control room, out

in the field and across the organization

Improved resource planning that saves time and money

Common data across platform ensures accurate data is

communicated to stakeholder and customers

Reduced outage duration and improved reliability

leading to improved customer satisfaction


Register todayDont miss these educational webinars

ABB PowerED power education series

Saving lives through arc flash mitigation: Leveraging technology to improve

safety and reliability

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https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/174811720747498497

How secure is your substation? Physical security (Part I) - 3 strategic elements

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Oct 16 2-3 pm


It's not a matter of if, but when: Physical security (Part II) - Strategies for

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Oct 28 1-2 pm EDT


Smart grid optimization series sponsored by ABBs Smart Grid Center of Excellence

abb storm preparedness web in ar presentation

Documents

storm surge

storm preparedness

power systems substations

nasasdoaialmsal abbslide

enormous geomagnetic

major storm events

prestorm substation

g4 severe geomagnetic