abb life expectancy analysis program diagnostics
DESCRIPTION
LEAP is a unique Maintenance Tool for theStator Winding Insulation of ElectricMachines. LEAP provides information on Machinewinding and expected life, and will optimizethe Machine Maintenance PlansTRANSCRIPT
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 1
Life Expectancy Analysis Programfor Electrical Machine Insulation
Cajetan Pinto, Global R&D Manager Machines Service, March 4, 2009
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 2
Presentation overview
Life Cycle Management Approach
Reliability and failure statistics
Planning your Strategy
LEAP Methodology & Use
LEAP Standard
Case Studies
Benefits
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 3
Continuous Upgrading/Replacement
Upgrade and Modernization Period
Warranty Period
Overhaul
Maintenance
AgingRepair
Optimized Maintenance Line
Time
Maintenance Period
Replacement & Recycle Period
Value to customerthrough maintenance
Customer Project Lifecycle
Life Cycle Concept
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 4
* Information provided by MachineMonitor based on survey of 6000 machines
TCO includes:
• Transportation
• Purchase price• Specifications
• Storage• Installation• QA• Reliability• Electricity• Repairs• Administration• Inventory• etc
Installation
1 %
Purchase
2.7 %
Cost of repair
4.9 %
Reliability
17.4 %
Electricity
74 %
Total cost of operation (TCO)*
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 5
Stress
Strength
FailureTransients
Residual Life
Premature Failure
Time
Stre
ss, s
treng
th
Basis of Analysis: Stress & Strength v/s Time
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 6
Adv. 2: Increase in Life
Stress
Strength
Failure
Transients
Residual Life
Adv. 1: No Premature Failure
Condition assessment and taking suitable actions at this point.
Life Expectancy Analysis: Benefits
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 7
Reliability&Failure Statistics
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 8
Failure statistics: IEEE Survey 1985-1987
37%
33%
5%
6%3%
5%11%
Bearing
Winding
Rotor
Shaft/coupling
Brushes/slipring
External devices
Not specifiedDetection during Normal operation
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 9
Failure statistics : IEEE Survey 1985-1987
8%2%
8%
7%4%
10%
61%
Bearing
Winding
Rotor
Shaft/coupling
Brushes/slipring
External devices
Not specifiedDetection during maintenance or test
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 10
Failure Statistics: HV Motors Petrochemical Industry 1999
18.42
60.53
7.89 5.26 7.89 0.00IEEE transactions on industry applications . vol. 35. no. 4. july/august 1999
57.40%
18.40%
5.60%
2.80%14.60%
1.20%
Bearing
Stator Windings
Rotor- Bars/rings
Shaft or coupling
External device
Not Specified
Distribution of Failures for motors below 2000KW
Distribution of Failures for motors equal and above 2000KW
For Machines less than 2000 kW anti-friction bearings are commonly used which are more likely to fail
For Machines above 2000 kW sleeve bearings are often used which are less likely to fail
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 11
Factors affecting Failure rate
Total Failure Rate Vs Age
01234567
0-5 5.1-10 10.1-15 15.1-20 20.1-25 25.1-
Age (Years)
%
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
%
3000-5000 6000 6600-10500 11000-13800
Voltage(Volts)
%wdg Failure Rate
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.4
%
2 4 6 8 10
Pole Number
%wdg. Failure Rate
Series1
0
0.5
1
1.52
2.5
%
1 or less More than 1
No of Starts/day
Wdg Failure Rate
Series1
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 12
Stator winding failures
FAILURE CONTRIBUTORS
Normal deterioration with
age18%
Poor Ventilation/ Cooling
8%
Aggressive chemicals
7%
Poor Lubrication5%
High Vibration9%
Abnormal Frequency
1%
Abnormal Voltage5%
Abnormal Moisture18%
High Ambient Temperature
8%
Persistent Overloading
7%Other14%
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 13
ProtectionCondition Monitoring
Life-time Estimation
• continuous, on-line, action taken in real time
• to limit the damage or prevent operation under abnormal conditions
• on-line, but not necessarily continuous
• analysis and action is subsequent to data collection
• prevents failure by taking steps with short term planning for maintenance
MST, ARGUS, DLI, PD, Telemetry, etc
LEAP
• on-line + off-line
• analysis and action subsequent to data collection
• detects life limiting defects at the incipient stage, useful in both long term planning and short term planning for maintenance
Planning your maintenance STRATEGY
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 14
LEAP is not just a package of inspections; it is a systematic approach to managing Machine Maintenance
LEAP …… not just a step ahead
What is LEAP?Lifetime Expectancy Analysis Program or LEAP is a unique Maintenance Tool for the Stator Winding Insulation of Electric Machines.
LEAP provides information on Machine winding and expected life, and will optimize the Machine Maintenance Plans
LEAP developed by ABB Machines Service, India, is in use for over 12 years, with a database of measurements and analysis in excess of 4000 machines worldwide
Measurements are performed by Local or Global ABB Service centers and data analyzed at the LEAP Center of Excellence
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 15
Level Based Inspections
Every 5% of the estimated lifetimeWhen the machine is operating
Basic
Every 50% of the estimated lifetimeWhen the machine is stopped and rotor removed
Premium
Every 25% of the estimated lifetimeWhen the machine is stopped and partially dismantled
Advanced
Every 10% of the estimated lifetimeWhen the machine is stopped but assembled
Standard
Inspection ScheduleOpportunities for Inspections
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Con
fiden
ce L
evel
Basic Standard Advanced Premium
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 16
Level Based Inspections
Condition Assessment of Stator Windings withAdvanced Package + slot region assessmentLife Expectancy Analysis 90% Confidence LevelCondition Based Inspection and Maintenance Plan
Advanced Data Collection Wedge Tightness Map & Coupling resistance measurements Visual inspection, including slot areas Stress analysis of Windings
Premium
Condition Assessment of Stator Windings with Standard Package + End-winding assessmentLife Expectancy Analysis 85% Confidence LevelCondition Based Inspection and Maintenance Plan
Standard Data Collection Visual Inspection on end windings Partial Discharge Probe measurements & Dynamic Mechanical Response of Windings Stress analysis of End-windings
Advanced
Condition Assessment of Stator Windings for Contamination, ageing, looseness,delamination, stress grading system Life Expectancy Analysis 80% Confidence LevelCondition Based Inspection and Maintenance Plan
Basic Data Collection Polarization Depolarization Current Analysis PDCA Tan Delta & capacitance Analysis Non-Linear Insulation Behaviour Analysis Partial Discharge Analysis
Standard
Life Expectancy Analysis 65% Confidence LevelCondition Based Inspection and Maintenance Plan
Data collection (on site or remote):
Operational hours, voltage, current, power, slip, Starts/Stops, Temperature (Winding, Coolant and Ambient), Duty cycle & loading pattern, Failure and Maintenance history, Information on power supply, breaker-cable configuration, etc
Basic
DeliverablesPackagesSolution Levels
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 17
LEAP Methodology&Use of LEAP
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 18
Collection of DataOperating data, test measurements and machine information
Analysis of DataABB has developed UNIQUE analytical tools aimed at life assessment
Calculation of Stresses Life Expectancy Analysis is performed and factors and conditions that affect lifetime are identified
Estimating Life & Condition Based MaintenanceLifetime is estimated with different Confidence levels depending on the LEAP package
Possible further inspections, maintenance, replacements or even upgrades are drawn up
LEAP methodology
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 19
LEAP Standard
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 20
DC Measurements
Polarization De-Polarization Current Analysis
AC Measurements
Non Linear Behavior Analysis
Tan δ and Capacitance Analysis
Partial Discharge Analysis
P o la r iz a tio n -D e p o la r iz a tio n C u rre n tsU P H A S E
0 .1
1
1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0T im e (s e c )
Pol-D
epol
Cur
rent
s (m
icro
Am
p)
C h a rg in g D is c h a rg in g
TAN DELTA MEASUREMENTS
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Voltage (kV)
Tan
Del
ta (%
)
U Phase V Phase W Phase UVW Phase
Remark: DC tests are sensitive to the surface condition, and AC tests give more information on the insulation volume
LEAP Standard package
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 21
DC measurements
Polarization - De-polarization Current Analysis
Besides leakage and absorption current, PDCA test gives an idea of quantity and location of charge storage within the machine
Identifies contamination even when IR, PI values are “acceptable”.
Determines state of the winding insulation, ageing, looseness, etc.
Polarization-Depolarization CurrentsUVW PHASE
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1 10 100 1000Time (sec)
Pol-D
epol
Cur
rent
s (m
icro
Am
p)
Charging Discharging
Parameters DerivedTime constants T1, T2, T3Charge storage : Q1, Q2, Q3Ageing FactorDispersion Ratio (1+Q1+Q2+Q3) Volume Resistivity
Q3
Q1, Q2
Remark:Conventional IR & PI Measurements may have satisfactory values even with highly contaminated windings
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 22
AC measurements
Non Linear Behavior Analysis, Tan δ and Capacitance Analysis, Partial Discharge Analysis
Confirm the results from DC Measurements
Assess the condition of Corona protection shield
Determine the extent of de-lamination or void content in terms of a percentage of discharging Air Volume to Insulation Volume
Assess condition of the Stress Grading system at slot ends
Trend Ageing effects
INSTANTANEOUS CAPACITANCE VARIATIONS@ 5.8 kV
-70
-25
20
65
110
40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
TIME (msecs)
CA
PAC
ITA
NC
E (A
rbitr
ary
Uni
ts)
U - PHASE V - PHASE W - PHASE UVW - PHASE
Remarks:Conventional measurement interpretation is generally based on trends
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 23
LEAP from the Case Book
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 24
IR >>1000 MΩ
PI >> 2
Contamination indicated by LEAP
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 25
Contamination indicated by LEAP
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 26
Slot discharge / wear detected by LEAP
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 27
Surface discharge detected by LEAP
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 28
Case study 1: LEAP – Maintenance Planning
11MW 11kV 1500 RPM, Synchronous Motor (Air Separation problem)
Results - PDCA TestIR- 2310 Meg ohmPI- 2.02
Q1(%) – 9.63
Q2 (%) – 11.30
Q3 (%) – 44.54
DR – 1.65 AgF – 60.12
Vol Res – 1013.78 Ohm-m
Key Findings:LEAP Standard indicated presence of oil/carbonized contaminants predominantly on the overhangs
Purpose of Testing: The motor was in operation for 69,000 hours with no outage. LEAP Standard carried out to determine the need for L3 or L4 Maintenance. On-line pd alarm had appeared.
Recommendation:
Open the end covers and clean end windings (L3). No immediate need of overhaul with rotor removal (L4)
Benefits: Optimized Maintenance Planning
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 32
6034 HP, 6 kV, 502A, 1481rpm
RESULTS - PDCA TEST
Q3
Q1, Q2
Before OverhaulingIR - 2205 Mohm
PI - 4.79
Q1 – 78.68 %
Q2 – 65.49 %
Q3 – 128.56 %
DR – 3.73After OverhaulingIR - 32464 Mohm
PI – 5.63
Q1 – 7.84 %
Q2 – 8.84 %
Q3 – 8.86 %
DR – 1.25
Case Study 3: LEAP Maintenance Verification
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 33
LEAP – Usage
LEAP for Maintenance Planning
LEAP for L1, L2, L3, L4 inspection
LEAP for Run/Replace/Retrofit Decisions
Measurements and Analysis are to be done at a single occasion (L4) with additional assessment of other components besides the stator windings
LEAP for Life Extension/ Upgrade Decisions
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 34
Life Improvement
Improvement in life by restoring strength droop
Improvement in life by upgrading machine
Strength
Developed Stress
Years
Stre
ss/S
treng
th
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 35
Life Improvement
Improvement in life by restoring original stress
developedImprovement in life by reducing stress through redesign
Strength
Developed Stress
Years
Stre
ss/S
treng
th
LEAP for ‘Life Extension’
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 36
LEAP – How is it different?
Methodology is not dependent on old records of measurements performed. Single occasion of measurements will suffice for making decisions. Parameters are derived from measurements to quantify problems such as contamination, ageing and looseness.
65-72% of failures are related to Thermal and Ambient reasons whichmay not be detected by measurements that rely only on partial discharges. ABB’s measurements and analysis focuses also on detection non-partial discharge related problems.
Analysis software is UNIQUE and parameters derived from analysis can be utilized in Life Expectancy Calculations
Sophisticated FEM analysis can be deployed during L3 and L4 maintenance.
Can be related to time and integrated into a Maintenance Plan
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 37
Towards a New Dimension
We change the units !
Machinery status is typically expressed in vague units (green, yellow, red)
We change that into a measurable dimension: time that can be easily interpreted by othercomputerized systems and related to scheduling actions
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 38
Optimizes Maintenance Planning of Electrical Machines by moving from Scheduled Maintenance to Condition Based Maintenance
Life Extension of machines would lead to increased earnings capability and thereby greater return on investment.
Facilitate decision making (short and long term maintenance planning)
Focus mainly on essential maintenance, and machines that are vulnerable, thereby reducing downtime at lower risk levels
Provides important “lifetime ” inputs for more realistic estimates of Life Cycle Costing
LEAP - Value for the Customer
© ABB Group October 29, 2009 | Slide 39