aaron robinson march 23, 2011 · pioneer® y-series soybeans . with cruisermaxx® seed treatment....

Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield® Soybeans with Acceleron® Seed Treatment

Products

Aaron Robinson

March 23, 2011

Biography• Originally from Cameron, Illinois

• B.A. Biology and Spanish, Washington University in St. Louis

• Employed by Monsanto for 12 years

• Currently Soybean Traits Product Development Manger

Outline

• Introduction

• Materials and Methods

• Results and Discussion

• Conclusion

Introduction• Historical yield gains in soybeans

• Meeting increasing global demand

• History of Roundup Ready Soybeans

• Increasing soybean yield

• Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans– Second generation RR soybean technology

• Acceleron Seed Treatment Products

Historical Yield Gains in Soybeans

• Specht and Williams (1984)– 240 varieties from 1902-1977, MG 0-IV– Range from 0.28-0.33 bushels/acre/yr

• Voldeng et al., 1997– 0.45 bushels/acre/year for varieties released

after 1976

SOYBEAN YIELD POTENTIAL TO 2030 IN THE UNITED STATES

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1970 1990 2010 2030

BUSH

ELS

PER

ACR

E

USDA Yield Historical Trend

Historical trend brings yields to ~50 bu/ac by 2030

39.6 bu/ac

Soybean Yield Components to 2030

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1970 1990 2010 2030

BUSH

ELS

PER

ACR

E

USDA Yield Historical Trend Agronomic Advanced Breeding Biotech

Additional gains from breeding, ag practice improvements and new biotechnology products

bring yield potential to 80 bu/ac by 2030

SOYBEAN YIELD POTENTIAL TO 2030 IN THE UNITED STATES

Soybean Yield Components to 2030

Roundup Ready Soybeans

• Glyphosate– Non-selective herbicide that kills both annual

and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds, as well as woody species

• Development of glyphosate-tolerant crops pursued in early 1980’s– First major applications of genetic engineering

Roundup Ready Soybeans• Holt et al. (1993) concluded glyphosate-resistant

soybean cultivars can improve soybean production by:– Wide spectrum weed control– Herbicide system with less environmental impact– New mode of action for in-season control with little

existing resistance– Compatibility with minimum or no-till management– Cost effect weed control

• Since its commercialization in 1996 Roundup Ready Soybean technology has become the most widely utilized herbicide tolerance trait in the U.S. and South America

Increasing Soybean Yield• Specht et al., 1986

– Rapid leaf formation and expansion, and delayed senescence are the characteristics of high-yielding soybean.–The longer the life cycle the higher the yield (why most late maturing varieties outperform

early varieties)

– Adequate vegetative growth that maximizes total biomass is essential for high reproductive growth and high yields in soybeans.

– Early canopy formation and late season canopy duration can increase the interception of solar energy and photosynthesis which results in increased availability of nutrients.

Increasing Soybean Yield• Yield determined by several components (Egli, 1993; Board

and Tan, 1995)– Plants per unit area, nodes per plant, pods per node and seed size– Pod and seed number – most important soybean yield components

• Leaf area Index and Leaf area duration and dry matter accumulation during the reproductive period strongly influence yield components (Liu et. al., 2005)

• Greater total dry matter production increases seed number per plant during seed set period (Vega et al., 2001) and can increase seed mass during the seed-filling period (Borras et al., 2004)

• The most widely used measure of growth regardless of growth form is biomass (DeBruin and Pederson, 2009)

Increasing Soybean Yield• Crop biomass production depends on

resource capture rather than utilization– Depends on PAR intercepted, but under

limited water depends on transpiration

• Negative effects of stress are particularly important during flowering, seed set and seed filling (Souza et al., 1997)

Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield Soybeans

• Second generation glyphosate-tolerant soybean trait– 1st varieties released in 2009, full commercial

launch in 2010– Gene mapping used to identify yield positive

areas of genome and less disruptive technique to create gene insertions

– Second generation trait selected with a yield increase over Roundup Ready soybeans

Increase in Key Yield Components

STATUS: Broad Adoption in 2010

Technical Product

Pyraclostrobin Fungicide

Metalaxyl Fungicide

Imidacloprid Insecticide

Harpin αβ* Plant Health

Key Farmer Benefits

Enhanced early growth and vigor

Outstanding protection from key seed and seedling diseases as well as early season insect pests

Enhanced yield potential

15

• Pyraclostrobin:– Exclusive to Monsanto for soybeans– Control of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia– Complimentary activity on Pythium and Phytophthora,

which other leading brands cannot claim– Systemic activity

• Metalaxyl:– Industry standard for Pythium control– 2X the equivalent rate found in CruiserMaxx Beans®

• Imidacloprid:– Protection from key early season insect pests in soybeans– Product of choice for the two largest US soybean brands

• Harpin αβ plant health agent– Exclusive to Monsanto– Enhanced early season growth and vigor leading to higher

yield potential

Acceleron Seed Treatment Products

Spectrum of Control

• CruiserMAXX seed treatment– Fludioxonil fungicide – Fusarium and Rhizoctonia– Mefenoxam fungicide – Pythium and Phythopthora– Thiamethoxam insecticide

Disease and Insect Spectrum

Disease Insect

Phytophthora Damping-off

Pythium Damping-off

RhizoctoniaDamping-off

Fusarium Damping-off

Soy aphid Bean leaf beetle

Seed corn maggot

Acceleron Excellent Excellent Good Fair Excellent Excellent Good

CruiserMaxx Good Excellent Good Fair Good Excellent Excellent

Soybean FACT Plot Lawrence, KSPlanted June 5th / Picture Taken 25DAP

Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield Soybeans Treated with Acceleron Seed Treatment

Roundup Ready Soybeans treated with CruiserMaxx Seed Treatment

Roundup Ready Soybeans treated with CruiserMAXX seed treatment

2009 Monsanto Field Trials, Center City, NE

Genuity Roundup Ready Soybeans treated with Acceleron seed treatment

Pioneer 93M42CruiserMaxx

AG3430Acceleron

Side by side plot taken June 30, 2009Melvin, IL

Soybean FACT Plot Richmond, KS Planted May 19th / Picture Taken 38DAP

AG3803CruiserMaxx

RY3909Acceleron

Roundup Ready Soybeans treated with CruiserMaxx

seed treatment

2009 Monsanto Field Trials, Center City, NE

Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield Soybeans treated

with Acceleron seed treatment

Objective

• To determine differences in main stem nodes, root and shoot biomass between Roundup Ready varieties with and without CruiserMaxx seed treatment and Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans treated with Acceleron seed treatment

Materials and Methods• Randomized strip plot design

• Approximately 30 unique cultivars per location

• 116 unique cultivars grown in 58 locations across 22 states

• Minimum plot size per entry 76.2 m x 6 rows

Number of Unique RR2Y and RR Varieties and Trial Locations by State

State Locations RR2Y RR State Locations RR2Y RR

Arkansas 3 10 9 Mississippi 2 7 8

Georgia 3 4 7 North Carolina 3 7 6

Iowa 9 37 38 North Dakota 1 6 8

Illinois 7 51 37 Nebraska 4 28 24

Indiana 3 39 37 New York 1 8 13

Kansas 3 22 22 Ohio 1 18 13

Louisiana 1 7 4 South Carolina 2 4 9

Maryland 1 10 12 South Dakota 2 20 26

Michigan 1 24 25 Tennessee 2 7 11

Minnesota 5 22 33 Texas 1 7 3

Missouri 2 6 7 Wisconsin 1 5 10

Materials and Methods

• Sampling procedure– R4 – R5.5 growth stage– 1meter length of row, middle two rows of plots

• Plant height from one representative plant per plot• Number of plants per meter• Roots of plants from the 1 meter section• Shoots of plants from the 1 meter section• Total plant fresh weight• Root fresh weight• Leaf, stem plus petiole and pod fresh weight• Number of mainstem nodes

Data Analysis• Average response of each combination of seed brands and seed treatments planted

for each Roundup Ready trait analyzed

• Head-to-Head results based on number and percentage of locations at which RR2Y had higher average than the RR trait across seed brands and seed treatments

• Data also analyzed with ANOVA model with fixed effects for seed brands, seed treatments, and Roundup Ready traits

• Variation among locations modeled with random effects

• Comparisons involving RR traits and seed treatments were defined and tested using contrasts in the ANOVA model at the 95% confidence interval.

• Entries that did not appear at least 5 locations were excluded from analysis

• Competitor Roundup Ready include Pioneer and NK brands• Roundup Ready Soybeans include Asgrow, Pioneer and Syngenta

Results and Discussion

• Plant Height

• Nodulation

• Main stem Nodes

• Shoot biomass

• Root biomass

Plant Height and Nodulation

• Plant Height and Nodulation differences detected at multiple locations

• Across location analysis demonstrated no significant difference in plant height and nodulation

• Plant height largely determined by interaction of environment and genetics and did not expect significant difference in the traits

• Early season differences in plant height and canopy development observed and can be attributed to difference in growth rate due to significant differences in number of mainstem nodes and shoot biomass

Main Stem Nodes

• Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans treated with Acceleron had significantly higher number main stem nodes than

– Untreated Roundup Ready soybeans (P=0.002)

– Roundup Ready soybeans treated with CruiserMaxx (P=0.03)

– Competitor Roundup Ready soybeans (P=0.01)

Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield® Soybeans with Acceleron®Seed Treatment Products have Higher Number of Mainstem

Nodes/Plant

Source: 2009 Monsanto Variety Trials, 58 locations, 22 states

14.00

14.20

14.40

14.60

14.80

15.00

15.20

15.40

15.60

15.80

16.00

Untreated Roundup Ready Soybeans Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield Soybeans with Acceleron

Num

ber

of M

ains

tem

Nod

es

Mainstem Nodes


Nodes/Plant


14.00

14.20

14.40

14.60

14.80

15.00

15.20

15.40

15.60

15.80

16.00

Roundup Ready Soybeans with CruiserMaxx

Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield Soybeans with Acceleron

Num

ber

of M

ains

tem

Nod

es

Mainstem Nodes


Nodes/Plant


14.00

14.20

14.40

14.60

14.80

15.00

15.20

15.40

15.60

15.80

16.00

Competitive Roundup Ready Soybeans with CruiserMaxx


Num

ber

of M

ains

tem

Nod

es

Mainstem Nodes

Mean Number of Main Stem Nodes

Product A Product B Mean Value A Mean Value BAverage

difference (A-B) p-value

RR2Y* & Acceleron

RR** Untreated 15.59 14.74 0.85 0.0024

RR2Y & Acceleron

Competitor RR & CruiserMaxx 15.59 15.08 0.51 0.0149

RR2Y & Acceleron

RR and CruiserMaxx 15.59 15.17 0.42 0.0297

RR & CruiserMaxx

RR Untreated 15.17 14.74 0.43 0.0664

RR Untreated

Competitor RR & CruiserMaxx 14.74 15.08 -0.34 0.1542

RR & CruiserMaxx


*Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans**Roundup Ready soybeans

Market Development Plot – Planted 6/5/09Evansville, IN July 16, 2006

AG3803 CruiserMaxx AG3539 Acceleron

Kissel FACT Plot – 7/14/09Haubstadt, Indiana

AG 3539 with Acceleron NK S39-A3 with CruiserMaxx

Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield® Soybeans with Acceleron™ Seed Treatment Products

Pioneer® Y-series soybeans with CruiserMaxx® Seed Treatment

Shoot Biomass• Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield Soybeans treated

with Acceleron had significantly higher shoot biomass than Untreated Roundup Ready soybeans (P=0.01) –9%

• No significant difference in shoot biomass between Genuity RR2Y soybeans treated with Acceleron and Competitor Roundup Ready soybeans treated with CruiserMAXX (P=0.06) – 5%

• No significant difference in shoot biomass between untreated Roundup Ready soybeans and Roundup Ready soybeans treated with CruiserMAXX seed treatment (P=0.09)

Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield®Soybeans with Acceleron® Seed Treatment Products have

Higher Shoot Biomass


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Shoo

t Bio

mas

s (g

)

Shoot Biomass




1700

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Shoo

t Bio

mas

s (g

)

Shoot Biomass



Source: 2009 Monsanto Variety Trials, 58locations, 22 states

1700

1750

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1850

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1950

2000



Shoo

t Bio

mas

s (g

)

Shoot Biomass

Mean Shoot Biomass

Product A Product BMean Value A

(g)Mean Value B

(g)

Average difference (A-B)

(g) p-value

RR2Y*& Acceleron

RR** Untreated 1960.05 1791.97 168.08 0.008

RR2Y & Acceleron


RR2Y & Acceleron

RR & CruiserMaxx 1960.05 1881.11 78.94 0.0742

RR & CruiserMaxx RR Untreated 1881.11 1791.97 89.14 0.089

RR Untreated Competitor RR & CruiserMaxx 1791.97 1870.25 -78.28 0.152

RR & CruiserMaxx

Competitor RR &CruiserMaxx 1881.11 1870.25 10.86 0.4915

*Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans**Roundup Ready soybeans

Root Biomass• Genuity RR2Yield soybeans with Acceleron

seed treatment had significantly higher root biomass than

– Untreated Roundup Ready soybeans (P=0.0001) – 16% increase

– Roundup Ready soybeans treated with CruiserMaxx (P<0.0001) – 12% increase

– Competitor Roundup Ready soybeans treated with CruiserMaxx (P=0.0004) – 10% increase


Higher Root Biomass


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Root

Bio

mas

s (g

)

Root Biomass


Higher Root Biomass


170

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Root

Bio

mas

s (g

)

Root Biomass

Mean Root Biomass

Product A Product BMean Value A

(g)Mean Value B

(g)

Average difference (A-B)

(g) p-value

RR2Y* & Acceleron

RR** & CruiserMaxx 229.47 204.14 25.33 <.0001

RR2Y & Acceleron RR Untreated 229.47 194.22 35.25 0.0001

RR2Y & Acceleron

Competitor RR &

CruiserMaxx 229.47 205.09 24.38 0.0004

RR Untreated

Competitor RR &

CruiserMaxx 194.22 205.09 -10.87 0.1671

RR & CrusierMaxx RR Untreated 204.14 194.22 9.92 0.1883

RR & CruiserMaxx

Competitor RR &

CruiserMaxx 204.14 205.09 -0.95 0.6752*Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans**Roundup Ready soybeans

Acceleron® Seed Treatment ProductsCruiserMaxx® Seed Treatment

Root comparisonMonmouth, IL July 20th

Roundup Ready treated with CruiserMaxx Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield with Acceleron

Root comparisonMonmouth, IL July 27th

Roundup Ready with CruiserMAXX Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield with Acceleron

Conclusion• By increasing the number of main stem

nodes, more reproductive nodes exist for flower and pod development.

• Although PAR was not directly measured in this study increased shoot biomass, leaf area and canopy development may increase PAR over the course of the growing season leading to greater photosynthetic capacity and improved source-sink ratio.

Conclusion

• Increased shoot biomass can provide incremental C and N which can be remobilized from increased vegetative tissues to seeds during pod fill.

• Increased root biomass can help stabilize soybean yield by reducing moisture stress during critical reproductive periods which can reduce the number of flowers, pods and seed size.

Conclusion• Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans

treated with Acceleron Seed Treatment demonstrated increases in:– Main stem nodes– Shoot biomass– Root biomass

• Increases in number of seeds per pod and seeds per plant demonstrated in previous Monsanto data combined with differences demonstrated in this experiment support the achievement of higher soybean yields and provide growers a tool to help meet growing global demand.

Acknowledgements• Program of Study Committee

– Dr. Allan Ciha– Dr. Kenneth Moore– Dr. Thomas Loynachan

• Master of Science Agronomy – Administration– Faculty– Staff

• Monsanto Colleagues

• Family and Loved Ones

aaron robinson march 23, 2011 · pioneer® y-series soybeans . with cruisermaxx® seed treatment....

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