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Aalborg Universitet
Indoor air pollution caused by wood-burning in Brazilian and Danish dwellings
Luis Teles de Carvalho, Ricardo; Jensen, Ole Michael; da Cruz Tarelho, Luís António ; Cabralda Silva, AdeildoPublished in:Environment and Health Perspectives
Publication date:2013
Document VersionAccepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version
Link to publication from Aalborg University
Citation for published version (APA):Luis Teles de Carvalho, R., Jensen, O. M., da Cruz Tarelho, L. A., & Cabral da Silva, A. (2013). Indoor airpollution caused by wood-burning in Brazilian and Danish dwellings. Environment and Health Perspectives.http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/ehbasel13/o-1-39-02/
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INDOOR AIR POLLUTION CAUSED BY WOOD-
BURNING IN BRAZILIAN AND DANISH HOUSEHOLDS
E N V I R O N M E N T A N D H E A LT H , B R I D G I N G S O U T H , N O R T H , E A S T & W E S T
B A S E L , S W I T Z E R L A N D , A U G U S T 2 0 1 3
R I C A R D O L . T. C A R VA L H O , O L E M . J E N S E N ,
L U Í S A . C . TA R E L H O , A D E I L D O C . S I LVA
R L C @ S B I . A A U . D K
Domestic wood combustion worldwide
low-cost stoves in low carbon dwellings
2 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho
Biomass burning can be carbon neutral when performed under
optimal lightning and operating conditions
Many different practices by more than 3 billion people worldwide
representing one of the major causes of respiratory diseases such as
asma and alergies with more than 4 million permature deaths each year,
in both developing and developing countries (UNDP, 2011)
Human health
Epidemological studies
Associated to human exposure
to air pollutants
Sustainability of the globe
• Desforestation
• Energy consumption
• Air pollution
Inefficient residential biomass combustion
Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 3 A i r P o l l u t i o n & C l i m a t e S e c r e t a r i a t , 2 0 1 3
Indoor a i r
po l lu t i on
Defores ta t ion
A i r po l lu t ion
Overheat ing
Resp i ra tory d i seases such
pneumonia by inha la t ion o f f i ne
par t i c les and carbon monox ide as
we l l as h igh indoor tempera tures
Appropriate domestic biomass use: What is the potential for the mitigation of GHG emissions?
Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 4 D a n i s h B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , 2 0 1 2
C o n t r i b u t i o n f o r a c o zy
a t m o s p h e r e i n l o w e n e r g y h o u s e s
S o p h i s t i c a t e d
d e s i g n Z e r o c a r b o n e m i s s i o n s
L o w c o s t
m o d e r n f u e l s L o w t e c h R e s i l i e n t u s e o f
r e s i d u a l b i o m a s s
W h a t i s t h e p o t e n t i a l / m a g n i t u d e o f t h e m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s b y i m p l e m e n t i n g c e r t a i n
p r a c t i c e s i n c l u d i n g t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n s a n d m o d e r n f u e l s i n b i o m a s s s t o v e s ?
Indoor wood smoke in developing regions
• Latin America, África and Asia are
among the developing regions where
domestic wood combustion is very
popular (3 billion people worldwide)
• In Brazil around 27,2% of the residential energy
consumption is associated to the use of wood
logs for cooking/heating (cold regions) (BEN,
2013)
• Ineficient domestion biomass burning practices
causes overheating and indoor contamination by
unburned gases associated to the uncompleted
wood combustion in rural housing of northeast
Brazil
Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 5
New efficient combustion chambers have been being developed worldwide in order to
optimize the complete biomass combustion towards the reduction of black carbon emissions
indoors and outdoors
Wood heating as a resilient practice towards a
cozy atmosphere?
6 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho
Large-scale wood-burning stove program in
CE-Brasil/Latin America
Ricardo L.T. Carvalho I n s t i t u t o d o D e s e n v o l v i m e n t o S u s t e n t á v e l e E n e r g i a s R e n o v á v e i s , 2 0 1 2
Indoor climate in rural households (Brazil)
…when using an improved efficient mass stove?
SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.
Carvalho 8
28
33
38
43
48
53
58
Tim
e (
min
.)
00
:08
00
:12
00
:16
00
:20
00
:24
00
:28
00
:32
00
:36
00
:40
00
:44
00
:48
00
:52
00
:56
01
:00
Ind
oo
r re
lati
ve
hu
mid
ity (
%)
/ B
R
House A
House B
House D
House E
28
30
32
34
36
38
Tim
e (
min
.)
00
:08
00
:12
00
:16
00
:20
00
:24
00
:28
00
:32
00
:36
00
:40
00
:44
00
:48
00
:52
00
:56
01
:00
Ind
oo
r te
mp
era
ture
(oC
) /
BR
House A
House B
House D
House E
Mean outdoor temperature 33-35 oC and RH 40-51%
Fine particles in rural households (Brazil) kitchens of developing regions in northeast Brazil
• House B with a lower ventilation rate
in a closed kitchen with no wind brise
reaveled an higher indoor
concentration of fine particles
• The stove chaminey exhaust at the
house A presented was not working
properly due to lacks of cleaning,
inadequate installations and the stove
walls were leaking the flue gas due to
breaks on the brick walls caused by
very high temperatures in the brick
walls
• Soft wood promotes indoor smoke
and a short-term combustion
SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.
Carvalho 9
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
00
:01
00
:06
00
:11
00
:16
00
:21
00
:26
00
:31
00
:36
00
:41
00
:46
00
:51
00
:56
01
:01
01
:06
01
:11
01
:16
01
:21
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n o
f P
M2.5
(µ
g m
-3)
/ B
R
House A
House B
House C
House D
House E
time (min.)
Ignition
Field studies in single-family households in CPH
(Denmark)
1 0 SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.
Carvalho
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Espergærde Hillerød Ringsted Virum Værløse Esrum 1 Esrum 2
Mw
h
Hot water consumption
Space heating
Central heating
Wood burning
R . L . T. C a r v a l h o , 2 0 1 3
1 1 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho
0 %RH
20 %RH
40 %RH
60 %RH
80 %RH
100 %RH
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
01
.02.1
0
02
.02.1
0
03
.02.1
0
04
.02.1
0
05
.02.1
0
06
.02.1
0
07
.02.1
0
08
.02.1
0
09
.02.1
0
10
.02.1
0
11
.02.1
0
12
.02.1
0
13
.02.1
0
14
.02.1
0
15
.02.1
0
16
.02.1
0
17
.02.1
0
18
.02.1
0
19
.02.1
0
20
.02.1
0
21
.02.1
0
22
.02.1
0
Indoor temperature (oC)
Relative humidity (%)
Indoor climate in a low energy house (Denmark)
…using a certified wood cast-iron stove…
1 2 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho
0 %RH
20 %RH
40 %RH
60 %RH
80 %RH
100 %RH
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
26
.01.1
0
27
.01.1
0
28
.01.1
0
29
.01.1
0
30
.01.1
0
31
.01.1
0
01
.02.1
0
02
.02.1
0
03
.02.1
0
04
.02.1
0
05
.02.1
0
06
.02.1
0
07
.02.1
0
08
.02.1
0
09
.02.1
0
Indoor climate in a Danish single family house (class B)
…using a wood mansory stove…
Inhalable particles in low energy households
(Denmark)
• House B and C with a lower
ventilation rate and higher air-tighness
using Swan labelled cast-iron stoves,
respectively, reaveled indoor
concentrations of PM10 over 150 µg
m -3 during periods larger than 1 hour
(air-exchange rate 33-58 m3h-1)
• Hard wood promotes a long-term
combustion for more than 1 hour/cycle
• Even the expert in lightning was not
able to mitigate high emission of
inhalable particles in class A single-
family houses
SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.
Carvalho 13
Ignition
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
00
:00
00
:14
00
:28
00
:42
00
:56
01
:10
01
:24
01
:38
01
:52
02
:06
02
:20
02
:34
02
:48
03
:02
Co
ncen
trati
on
of
PM
10 (
µg
m-3
) / D
K
House A
House B
House C
House D
House E
Outdoor B
Outdoor D
Conclusions
findings
worldwide
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R L C @ S B I . A A U . D K
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