Measuring/Analyzing/ImprovingWater and Energy Co-Management in Kanpur

L i v i n g G a n g a P r o g r a m m e

for a living planet®

Issued by Supported by

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Kanpur City at Glance

Kanpur city spread between southern bank of Ganga river & northern bank off

Pandu river, a tributary of Ganga in central U P. The present population of 35.5L in

comparison to 27.15L in 2001. With the rapid urbanization, industrial development

and steep growth in population, the demand of water has been increasing

manifold. Kanpur city water supply is primarily the responsibility of Municipal

Corporation. However, a number of agencies are involved in the water supply and

sanitation functions. These include Kanpur Nagar Nigam, Uttar Pradesh Jal Sansthan

(UP Jal Sansthan) and Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam (UP Jal Nigam).

Water Distribution System

At present, drinking water demand of Kanpur city is projected to be of the order

of 650 MLD which is only partially met. As per Kanpur Jal Sansthan about 350 MLD

is being supplied currently. Out of this amount which is pumped into the

distribution network, a substantial amount is estimated to be lost in leakages and

unaccounted for connections leaving very little to the legitimate connections. Even

though, the Ganga is the source of surface water for Kanpur, the exploitation of

this resource has always been out of phase with the demand. As a result there have

always been areas which starved from receiving surface water. In order to cater to

the demand verses supply gap, ground water is used by the Jal Sansthan. This is

being done by digging tube wells and installing submersible pumps in them.

Currently, there are about 132 such Tube wells in operation by Jal Sansthan in the

Kanpur service area. These are apart from the private tube wells and pumps used

in the city.

Kanpur Sewage System

In Kanpur, the existing sewage treatment facility at Jajmau with a 5 MLD, a 36

MLD and a 130 MLD Treatment Plant, is operated and maintained by Jal Nigam. The

36 MLD plant treats the mixture of tannery effluents and sewage which arrives at

Jajmau through a 700mm rising main hooked to 4 effluent pumping stations PS1,

PS2, PS3 and PS4 which are also operated and maintained by Jal Nigam. The

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sewage is supposed to reach Jajmau through 90 gravity sewer. Apart from this

there are 21 small and medium sewage pump stations scattered across Kanpur

which are operated and maintained by Jal Nigam and Jal Sansthan.

Living Ganga Programme (2007-2011)

The Living Ganga Programme aims to develop and implement strategies for

sustainable energy and water resource management within the Ganga basin, in

the face of climate change. Specifically, the programme will work on key sites and

a critical stretch of the river of approximately 800 kilometers from Gangotri in

Uttarakhand to Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh. The programme brings together the

components of climate adaptation, vulnerability assessment, environmental flows

and water allocation coupled with pollution abatement and co-management of

water flow and energy. The programme aims to establish partnership with key

stakeholders with a focus on river restoration, community education and

engagement, business and government involvement, and bio-diversity

conservation. The programme consists of seven cross cutting components:

☛ Sustainable Water Management

☛ Climate Adaptation

☛ Pollution Abatement

☛ Water-Energy Co-management

☛ Sustainable Hydropower

☛ Biodiversity Conservation

☛ Communications and Business Engagement

Water and Energy Co-Management in Kanpur

ICLEI - South Asia with support from WWF India undertook a detailed energy audit

of the water and waste water systems and also undertake water quality analysis in

Kanpur city. The aim of these activities was to:

� Determine energy efficiency of the water and waste water systems

� Identify areas of improvement in energy consumption, efficiency and conservation

� Provide recommendations on low cost and no cost solutions to improve energy

efficiency and demand side management of energy in water and waste water

systems

� Identify areas with contaminated or polluted water and sources of pollution of

water

� Suggest measures for improvement of water quality and effective management

systems

� Training & capacity building programme for utility staff to improve upon energy

efficiency of systems

Approach and Methodology

Major Project Outputs

� Bird view report of city water distribution energy losses� Walk through audit reports of 11 STPs in and one/two raw water treatment

plans and booster pumping stations in Kanpur � Detailed energy audit reports of 2 STPs, 5 booster pumping stations and one

raw water pumping station in Kanpur � Water quality map of Kanpur city 4

Data analysisduring detailed

energy audit

Recommendationsfor improvementof Kanpur’s water

supply andsewage systems

Initial study(birdeye-view)

of Kanpur’swater supplyand sewage

systems

Walk through audit of Kanpur’s

water supplyand sewage

systems

Detailed energy auditof Kanpur’s

water supplyand sewage

system

Training and capacity buildingprogrammes forimproved energy

efficiency

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Detailed Audited Water & Sewage System in Kanpur

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS SEWAGE SYSTEMS

Raw water intake station Sewage pumping stations

� Dadanagar � Sham Nagar

Water booster/zonal pumping stations � Chabile Purva

� Ratanlal nagar ZPS

� Bal Nikunj

� Sharada Nagar

� Lenin Park

� Canal Patri

� Chabile Purva

Map for Water and Sewage System in Kanpur

Water-Energy Utility System

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Pump House Ganga Barrage Pump House Gujjaini Water Works

Transmission line Feeder

Sub-station

Water workstreatment & pumping

Storagetank

Distributiontransformer

Distributionpipes/channels

Use of water

Waste water/sewage

Sewage treatment

Treated Water

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Type Plant Specific Recommendations Dadanagar Ratanlal Bal Sharda Lennin Canal Chabile Sham Nagar Nikunj Nagar Park Patri Purva Nagar

Low cost

1 Ensure pump set is started with delivery valve � � � � � � NA NAclosed*

2 Stop Raw water loss at Pumping Station in rising � NA. NA NA NA. NA NA NAmain pipeline*

3 De-silt the RW collection sump after monsoon � NA NA NA NA NA NA NAevery year*

4 Operate most efficient pump sets combination* � � � � � � � �

5 Stop leaks through valves, pump glands NA � � � � � NA NAand seepage*

6 Install pump running hour meter for each pump* � � � � � � � �

7 Ensure quality of logbook data, accurate time � � � � � � � �record of pump starting/stopping and all important events each day*

8 Don’t throttle pump suction sluice valve* � NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

9 Keep delivery valve of non-operating pump in NA NA NA NA NA NA � �dry well closed to avoid backflow to sump *

10 Improve screening of incoming effluents and NA NA NA NA NA NA � �clean the sump regularly*

Medium cost

1 Replacing Disc type Non-return Valves (NRV) By � � � � � NA NAHydro-dynamically Guided Control type Non Return Valves (e.g. Normex Valves)*

2 Install calibrated instruments for monitoring flow, � � � � � � NA NAdelivery pressure, water level, voltages, currents, kilowatts, frequency & power factor on hourly basis and keep daily record*

3 Maintain logbook data & monitor watergy � � � � � � NA NAperiodically*

4 Install Power Factor improving capacitors to � � � � � � � �improve motors power factor to 0.95*

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5 Apply special coating to pump internal parts to � � � � � � � �improve efficiency*

6 Trim Impeller Diameter and run efficient pump NA � NA NA � � NA NAcombination*

7 Replace old non-return by ball type NRVs and NA NA NA NA NA NA � �delivery sluice valves by knife gate valves *

8 Replace all low efficiency pumps by high NA NA NA NA NA NA � �efficiency submersible pump sets*

High cost

1 Install direct electric feeder from dedicated supply NA NA NA NA NA NA � �source at Jajmau (sewage treatment plant)*

2 The system should be modified to increase NA NA NA NA NA NA � NAdelivery to Jajmau (sewage treatment plant)*

3 Construct open intermediate collection sump NA NA NA NA NA NA � NAat node ‘A’ of the system with 10 minutes holding capacity*

4 Pumping Station 1 (PS1) & Pumping Station 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA � NA(PS2) will deliver sewage/ effluent mixture to Sump A. The terminations of PS1-A & PS2-A shall be suitably modified*

5 New Submersible Sewage Pumps will be installed NA NA NA NA NA NA � NAin Sump A to pump sewage water in Sump A to the Inlet Channel of the 25 MLD STP*

6 New PSC Rising Main pipe line of 375 mm NA NA NA NA NA NA � NAsize/length (963 -180 = 783 M) be installed from Pumping station -3 (PS3) to Jajmau 25 MLD STP*

* For more information, please refer “Detail Energy Audit report”

Way Forward

The project outcomes were discussed with stakeholders during the 2nd stakeholdermeeting organised by WWF India at Kanpur. The team had presented majorfindings of the report and taken feedback from the stakeholders group.

The stakeholders appreciated the findings and recommendations given in thereport. City has shown great interest and is urging WWF India to provide a trainingprogramme to improve upon the efficiency of the water and energy co-management systems for their municipal staff on various subjects in line with thesuggested measures.

Keeping this as priority, WWF India in support of the partner organisation has startedthe following action plan (2010-2011) for the Municipal Staff of Kanpur City: � Apprise the Senior Officials and stakeholder group on project outputs,

recommendations and benefits� Develop awareness on the energy efficiency measures & its benefits among

various municipal technical staff � Enhance the technical skills regarding O&M and other issues among plant

operators � Train staff on operations of the plant in more efficient ways to save energy, etc� Develop technical skills among city staff to incorporate no cost suggested

measures into system � Initiate a dialogue between the experts and city staff on the various other issues

related to energy efficiency measures.

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Do’s and Don'ts - To Improve Upon Energy Efficiency

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Do’s and Don'ts - To Improve Upon Energy Efficiency

DOsEnsure proper functioning of Voltmeter, Ammeter, Energy meter, Running Hour meter,Flowmeter, Pressure indicators etc.

Keep the Pump house always clean and dry.

Maintain a log book with accuracy for malfunctioning of machinery.

Close the Delivery Valve before starting a Centrifugal or Turbine pump. This avoids Power Jerksand improves pump life. Open the delivery valve gradually as the pump starts.

Close the delivery valve 3/4th before stopping the pump. Close the delivery valve completelyafter the pump is switched off. Try to match pump stoppage and delivery valve closure time asbest as possible.

Be alert and report against excessive & unusual vibrations and Noise of every pump set.

Ensure that delivery valves of non-operating pumps are firmly closed.

Ensure that check valves are not letting backflow.

Record each pump start-stop time and running hours in each shift.

Keep adequate quantity of tools and a set of all equipments manuals of the plant.

Report if any spare tool is missing/damaged and arrange for its replacement.

Avoid water leaks from stuffing boxes and pipe joints.

Be vigilant of persistent unexplainable change in pump pressure, flow or motor current.

Use genuine spares rather than spurious ones. Carry out maintenance of equipments daily.

DON'TDo not let wastage of water by overflowing storage tanks and reservoirs.

Do not operate non-compliant pumps in parallel.

Do not use power cables that are not of than recommended size.

Do not use sub standard quality of lubricants.

Do not run a pump with throttled delivery valve. Instead seek expert advise to review pumpsizing or possibility of using smaller size impeller or economy of installing a Variable SpeedDrive (VSD).

Do not operate the pumps if the electric supply is irregular.

Never throttle a pump suction valve. It is meant for isolation during pump maintenance.

Do not allow backflow of water to the pump under any situation.

Review suitability of Non-return valve type and its condition for repair or replacement.

Do not waste filter back-wash spent water by venting it into a drain.

Look for opportunities to recycle the spent water for efficient operation and increasedoutput.

Avoid excess pumping into direct distribution network.

IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCYAs part of WWF-India’s Living Ganga Programme under HSBC Climate Partnership, ICLEI –South Asia carried out energy audit of water and wastewater

treatment systems in Kanpur. Based on extensive study, several no-cost, low cost, medium and high cost recommendations to improve energy efficiency

have been suggested. Some important points that can help improve efficiency have been listed below:

For more details please contact:Ms. Anjana Pant - WWF-India Mr. Ravi Ranjan Guru - ICLEIPhone: +91-11-41504814 Phone: +91-11-41067220