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Mass Rapid Transit development in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City

Robert Valkovic Principal Transport Specialist

Asian Development Bank

Urban Transport Development Key Challenges!

•  Rapid urban expansion with high growth in transportation demand •  transport demand dominated by

private transport (95% HCMC, 90% Ha Noi).

•  Motorcycles 80-90% of traffic (2-3/HH) •  Motor car growth 15-20%p.a.

•  Integration of public transport development plans •  Separate institutional organizations •  Poor demand management and

planning •  High land costs

•  Limited national and local finances

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Public Transport System Plans!•  Approved Transport Master Plans to improve public

transport systems (achieve >40% public transport: 10-15% MRT, 25% buses) •  Re-define the role of private transport •  Adopt low carbon transport growth •  Short term - slow modal shift from motorbikes

to cars and constrain private demand •  Medium/long term – fully integrated public

transport •  Ho Chi Minh City: establish 6 MRT line, 2 monorail, 1 BRT

(Phase 1 – 3 MRT, 1 BRT) •  Ha Noi: 6 MRT lines, 2 BRT (Phase 1 – 4 MRT, 1 BRT) •  Substantive bus system and urban road improvements

HCMC  Master  Plan                                                            Ha  Noi  Master  Plan  (phase  1  -­‐  3  lines)      (phase  1  –  4  lines)  

Line  2  (2011-­‐17):  $1.4  bil  

Line  5  (2013-­‐18):  $1.3  bil  

Line  1  (2010-­‐15):  $2.1  bil  

Line  3  (2010-­‐17):  $1.4  bil  

Line  2A  (2011-­‐15):  $0.9  bil  

Line  2  (2013-­‐18):  $1.3  bil  

Line  1  (2013-­‐18):    $1.2  bil  

HCMC  -­‐  Approx.  $5.3  billion     Ha  Noi  -­‐  Approx.  $5.2  billion      

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Technical: •  Design/cost:

•  Design-build to promote innovation and cost effectiveness •  Multiple types of systems

•  Financier influenced E&M systems •  Ticketing system

•  One ticket for all modes (MRT, LRT, bus) •  Open technology, contactless

•  Operations and Maintenance •  One public regulatory entity overall, •  Separate operators for each line (public and private)

Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs and public transport

Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport Integration Measures: •  Limited land availability near stations •  Inter modal hubs •  Bus system improvements

•  Feeder routes •  Bus Rapid Transit •  New bus technologies

•  Station connectivity •  eVehicles, local shuttles, bike

sharing •  “Park and ride” facilities •  Pedestrian friendly access

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Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport Institutional Development: •  Integrated planning of modal interfaces •  Strengthening implementation capabilities

•  Project Management support and training •  Support for inter-departmental cooperation •  Strategic Partnerships

•  Public Transport Authority •  Re-define role of SOE service providers, create a “level playing

field” for new bus operators •  Regulatory authority, over all city transport •  Establish in advance of initial opening of MRT

Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport Policy and Regulatory: •  Integrated fare policy •  Parking Strategy

•  Space restriction, suitable pricing •  Reduce usage of private transport modes

•  Pricing (congestion charging, road pricing) •  Regulation enforcement

•  Improved environment for private sector •  Commercial development at stations •  Utilize Public Private Partnership for MRT line development

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Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport Enhancing social features and mitigating negative social impacts: •  Gender issues:

•  Station features to support female passengers •  Equipment and rolling stock designed to be gender friendly

•  Accessibility for vulnerable groups •  Support for public transport usage by low income groups •  Green Space/Local Land Use Planning

•  Reduce private vehicle space through pedestrianization of roads and public transport zones

•  Commercial development near station, including informal vendors •  Public awareness campaign

Addressing challenges of MRT financing

High financing costs: •  Strong central government support (perhaps only for Phase 1?) •  Financial Support options:

•  Official Development Assistance (70-80% for phase 1): •  Development Banks and agencies – ADB, World Bank, EIB •  Bilateral Agencies – JICA, France (DG Tresor and AFD), PRC,

Spain, Germany (KfW), •  Climate Change Funds

•  Clean Technology Fund – $50 million allocated for integration measures in Ha Noi and HCMC

•  Longer term alternatives – PPP, Private Sector, Green Fund

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Conclusion

Key success factors for MRT in Hanoi and HCMC •  Strong Commitment to modal change •  Leadership by city governments to ensure good integration at

opening of MRT •  Acceptance of institutional reform to public transport agencies •  Long term partnerships with donors, cities and regional

agencies •  Leverage of applicable non-government financing sources

THANK YOU