• Huan Leng Chan

• Steven Cowie

• Russell Jackson

• Adam Ledger

• Ahsan Muhammad

• Oyindamola Ogunnoiki

• Oliver Peck

• Panteha Toloueinia

• Ali Youssefi

Site Layout

• Feature building at North end of site•Close to staff entrance•Services in place from old offices•Away from A47 road, so not noisy

• Temporary offices sited on grass area, so as not to obstruct car park or site traffic access

• CHP located in East of site, by existing unit•Can share resources between the units•Easy to connect to network, as pipe work is close by

•Effluent treatment works, consisting of 5 tanks, arranged in a horseshoe at south end of site

•As far from residential area and office/design centre building as possible (no potential smell or airborne particles)•Arranged in horseshoe shape so access for repairs etc is easier.

Feature Building - General

• Mixture of angles and curves, intended to make the building appear aesthetically eye-catching

• Low gradient roof over single story section, intended for grass to be planted – eye-catching, improved heat retention properties and reduced heat island effects

• Designed to allow lots of natural light into the design centre and open plan offices.

• Dynamic glass to limit glare• Controllable vents to make use of natural ventilation for

cooling• 2 leaf cavity wall with insulation in cavity to retain heat• Inner wall is blockwork• Outer wall is brickwork, with the front clad with wood for

aesthetics

Feature Building – Floor Plan

• Open plan office area and design centre area, intended to minimize dependence on electrical lighting - Building orientation is based around these areas getting the most light

• Only rooms that don’t have direct access to natural light are supply cupboards and toilets – Electrical lighting in these rooms will be on movement sensors to minimize unneccesary energy consumption

Feature Building – Structure

• Steel beam with concrete slab flooring construction

• Braced where indicated by shading. Lift shaft also designed to brace against horizontal loadings

Feature Building Beam/Column Calculations

• Critical beam identified as E3-E4• Beam span at critical section is 8m• Critical beam size calculated as

762 x 267 x 173 kg/m

• Critical column identified as E4• Critical column size calculated as

203 x 203 x 71 kg/m

Foundations

Building Type of foundation

Size (B x L) (m)

Depth of foundation (m)

Number of foundations

Feature building

Shallow – Rectangular pad

2.5 x 2.0 2.0 30

CHP Shallow – Square pad

2.0 x 2.0 1.0 4

CHP building

Shallow – Square pad

1.5 x 1.5 1.5 6

Effluent treatment tank (critical)

Deep – Pile 0.3 x 0.3 10 16

Approximate Costing – Feature building

Types

Cost per unit area, excluding VAT (£/m2)

Cost, excluding VAT (£)

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Economic shell and core with heating only

466 820 738,144 1,298,880

Medium shell with heating and ventilation

728 1082 1,153,152 1,713,888

High quality shell and core with air conditioning

958 1746 1,517,472 2,765,664

Approximate Costing - Foundations

TypesType of

foundation

Cost per unit area, excluding VAT (£/m2)

Cost, excluding VAT (£)

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Feature building Rectangular pad 103 138 103,824 139,104

CHP Square pad 93 112 2,260 2,722

CHP building Square pad 93 112 6,975 8,400

 -Deep foundation

TypesType of

foundation

Cost per unit area, excluding VAT (£/m2)

Cost, excluding VAT (£)

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Effluent treatment tank Deep pile 153 215 12,393 17,415

-Shallow foundation

Effluent Treatment

Objective:Design and cost for the provision of an onsite effluent treatment facility to reduce treatment costs charged by the water authority, with the potential to create a useable energy stream.

Cost Reduction

Aims

– reduce cost by

• reducing the COD and BOD discharged to the sewer system.

• collect the waste products of the process for use in the CHP plant.

The ConceptProposed System -

Preliminary Treatment – Equalisation tank

Primary Treatment – Sedimentation tank

Secondary Treatment – Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB)

Other Equipment – Biogas Scrubber, Anaerobic Digester, Centrifuge

The Process

Results

From mass balance it can be deduced that the following reductions can be made:

TSS removal 84.34 %

BOD removal 87.35 %

COD removal 84.39 %

With the production of 2.88MWhr-1

Costs

Total investment required = £4,461,964Annual Saving = £2,615,762Adjusting for inflation gives a payback period of 23 months

Combined Heat and Power

Requirements:

• 4 MWhr of electricity

• 25 tonnes/hr of steam at 183°C and 7 bar

Types of CHP

1.Gas Turbine2.Steam Turbine3.Combined Cycle

Comparison

Combined Cycle

Gas Turbine Steam Turbine

Capital Cost(£ x 106)

1.7 – 2.2 1.2 – 1.3 2 -2.4

Operation and Maintenance Cost(£ / year)

170000 84000 90000

Efficiency(%)

80 35 50

Gas turbine CHP

Advantages

High reliability and availabilityEase of installationFlexibility to meet different fuel needsEase of serviceLow maintenance requirementsCleaner environmental emissionsLower capital cost than combined cycle and steam CHPs

Disadvantages

Cause a lot of noise and vibrations

Lower efficiency

Maintenance requires trained and

knowledgeable workers

Cost

Capital Cost (£) 3.55 million

Operating and Maintenance Cost (£/year)

160000

Fuel Cost (£/year) 3.6 million

Cost of Power Generated (£/year) 2 million

Annual Saving (£) 1.4 million

Fin.

Questions?

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