a2 unit 5 – hazards option 1
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TRANSCRIPT
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A2 Unit 5 – Hazards Option
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Hazards and responses: RISK?
• RISKRISK“The exposure of people to a hazardous event”
Why do people place themselves at risk from hazards?
• UnpredictabilityUnpredictability• Lack of alternatives (economic, lack of land)Lack of alternatives (economic, lack of land)• Changing dangers (vary spatially / time, e.g. Changing dangers (vary spatially / time, e.g.
coasts)coasts)• Optimistic outlook (accept them as part of life)Optimistic outlook (accept them as part of life)• Costs vs Benefits (e.g. California)Costs vs Benefits (e.g. California)
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Vulnerability
• Vulnerability to hazards has 3 aspects:
1.1. Peoples preparedness Peoples preparedness
2.2. ResilienceResilience
3.3. Health (relating to social, economic and Health (relating to social, economic and political factors)political factors)
Distinctions can be made between MEDC and LEDC
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• We receive, filter and distort information as part of human perception. Past experience and values is important factor.
• ACCEPTANCEACCEPTANCE
• ADAPTIONADAPTION
• DOMINATIONDOMINATION
Hazard Perception
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Hazard Perception
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1. How might the perceptions of scientists differ from those of the general public?
2. Why is the perception of the decision makers in government so important?
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Hazard ResponsePrevent or modify the event?
Prediction and warning.
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Careful Planning?
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• Decision….Modify the event, modify human vulnerability or modify loss?
• Technological fix and environmental control (mainly with flooding, cloud seeding has had little success)
• Hazard-resistant design – building design and engineered defences.
• Change human attitude and behaviour towards hazards
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• This will reduce the impact• Needs a good understanding of geophysical processes • What technology is available? (also MEDC/LEDC?)• Predictions will not stop event – but will provide warnings
so they can prepare and evacuate• Insurance companies spend large amounts trying to
predict. Why?• Community must have an understanding of procedures.
Prediction and Warning
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• Warning is a message that informs about risk.• Needs adequate monitoring and evaluation of data and
dissemination via radio, TV, police.• Community must have an understanding of procedures.
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Share the Losses?
• Aid• To what extent should this be given to
countries who have failed to adequately prepare?
• Insurance• A key strategy in MEDCs. (spread the
cost)• Can encourage individuals to take
preventative measures.
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Tropical Cyclones
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Extension Work
• Defining and Classifying Hazards
P.4-5 Hazards and Responses (2nd ed)
• Hazards Impacts on Human Systems
P.11 Hazards and Responses (2nd ed)