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A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF HYPERBOLIC EXPRESSIONS

IN THE NOVEL SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE

BY KEITH R.A. DECANDIDO

THESIS

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree

at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

University of Sebelas Maret

By:

ARYA WARDHANA

C0306014

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS

UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET

SURAKARTA

2013


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PRONOUNCEMENT

Name : Arya Wardhana

NIM : C0306014

Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled: A Translation Analysis of

Hyperbolic Expression in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith

R.A. DeCandido is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism,

nor made by others. The things related to other people’s works are written in

quotation and included within bibliography.

If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the

responsibility.

Surakarta,

The researcher


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MOTTOS

True friends never die

(Myme)

Do what you love, love what you do

(Anonymous)

Sometimes you don’t have to think, you just do

(Arya Wardhana)


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This thesis is dedicated to:

My beloved Ibu and Bapak

My inspiring friends

MYME


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirrohmannirrohim

First of all, Alhamdulillah, I want to thank to Allah SWT, for everything

which make me what I am today. Thanks for every single breath in my life till I

can finally finish this thesis.

I also want to give my gratitude to all people who support me in finishing

this thesis. They are really great people I have ever met. I hope we are all blessed

with love and peace. They are:

1. The Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. Riyadi Santosa,

MEd.,Ph.D, for approving this thesis.

2. The Head of the English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA., Ph.D

for his permission to conduct this thesis.

3. My thesis advisor, Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S., M. Hum, for her advices and

assistance. She gives an opportunity to me to work in detail and

carefulness. I’m sorry for all my mistakes. Thank you very much.

4. My academic consultant, Drs. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism., for her

assistance during my study.

5. All the lecturers who have taught and given me precious knowledge

during my study. Thank you very much.

6. My informant, Yuyun Kusdiyanto, M.A, for validating the data.

7. My raters, Sumardiono S.S, Anita R. S.S, and Bayu Budiharjo S.S, for the

valuable contributions in this thesis.

8. My beloved Ibu and Bapak for loving and caring me. Thanks for your hard

work for my study. Thanks for everything. I can never repay it.

9. My brothers, Fadli and Andika, finally I finish my study bro! My brother

Wisnu and his little son, Vino, who is a very smart kid. I love you all.

10. My friends in ED06, I will never forget you all. Hermanto, Bowo,

Wahyudi, Aji, Vendra, Bimo, Hafid, Letiz, Nurfa, Yuliana, and all the rest

of ED06, let’s get “it” done!


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11. My friends in Myme, Sarjianto and Hendra. Sarjianto “menyeng”, thanks

for your dozen of words, Hendra, you are really inspiring me, you never

die bro. My friends in Boyolali lovely city, Isdianto “gembus”,Topo

“topeng”, Indra “gendul”, Totok, Fajar , Iwan, Dodo, Doyok, keep contact

ya! mas Febri, don’t forget us.

I am really grateful that this thesis is done. However I also realize that this

thesis is far from being perfect. Any supporting criticism and suggestions are

welcomed.

Arya Wardhana


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT…………………………….. ii

THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS…………..……. iii

PRONOUNCEMENT…………………………………………………….. iv

MOTTOS…………………………………………………………………. v

DEDICATION……………………………………………………………. vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………….……. vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………. ix

LIST OF TABLES………..……………………………………………….. xii

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………. xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………...…….. 1

A. Research Background…………………………………………. 1

B. Research Limitation…………………………………………… 6

C. Problem Statements…………………………………………… 6

D. Research Objectives…………………………………………… 7

E. Research Benefits……………………………………………… 7

F. Thesis Organization…………………………………………… 8

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………..…….. 9

A. Definition of Translation……………………………………… 9

B. Difficulties of Translation…………………………………….. 10

C. Translation Techniques…………………………….........…… 13

D. Translation Quality Assessment (TQA)……………….....….. 17

E. Figurative Language……………………………………...…… 20

F. Hyperbole…………………………………..........……….…… 23

G. Type of Hyperbole……………………………………….…… 24

H. Indonesian Hyperbole………………………………….……... 25

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………….…….. 27

A. Research Type and Design ……………………………………. 27


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B. Source of Data…………………………….…………………… 28

C. Sampling Technique…………………………………………… 30

D. Method of Data Collection……………………………….…… 31

E. Technique of Data Analysis……………………………...…… 33

F. Research Procedures……………………………………..…… 35

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS………………………………..…….. 36

A. Introduction…………………………………………………… 36

B. Analysis…………………………………………………..…… 36

1. Types of Hyperbole……………………………………….. 36

1.1. Noun…………………………………………………… 37

1.2. Adjective………………………………………………. 39

1.3. Adverb……………………………………………...…. 40

1.4. Verb…………………………………………………… 41

1.5. Numerical Expression………………………………… 43

1.6. Superlative Degree…………………………………..… 44

1.7. Idiom…………………………………………………... 45

1.8. Simile…………………………………………………... 46

1.9. Whole Sentence/ Clause……………………………….. 47

2. Technique of Translating Hyperbole…………………..….. 51

2.1. Hyperbole Translated into Hyperbole…………………. 51

2.1.1. Literal …………………..…………………………. 51

2.1.2. Adaptation………………………………………... 53

2.1.3. Established Equivalent………………………….... 54

2.1.4. Transposition……………………………………... 56

2.1.5. Modulation……………………………………….. 57

2.1.6. Amplification…………………………………….. 59

2.1.7. Variation………………………………………….. 60

2.1.8. Compensation…………………………………….. 62

2.1.9. Reduction…………………………………………. 63

2.1.10. Linguistic Compression + Discursive Creation… 63

2.1.11. Linguistic Amplification + Reduction………...... 64


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2.1.12. Literal + Borrowing…………………………….... 65

2.1.13. Literal + Generalization………………………..... 66

2.1.14. Adaptation + Amplification + Borrowing……..... 67

2.2. Hyperbole Translated into Non Hyperbole………….... 67

2.2.1. Generalization………………………………….… 68

2.2.2. Adaptation………………………………………... 69

2.2.3. Transposition……………………………………... 71

2.2.4. Modulation……………………………………….. 71

2.2.5. Amplification…………………………………….. 72

2.2.6. Compensation……………………………………. 73

2.2.7. Variation………………………………………….. 74

2.2.8. Reduction……………………………………….... 75

2.2.9. Particularization………………………………….. 76

3. Translation Quality Assessment…………………………... 80

3.1. Accuracy………………………………………………. 80

3.1.1. Classification A (Accurate) ……………………… 81

3.1.2. Classification B (less Accurate) …………………. 86

3.1.3. Classification C (Inaccurate) …………………….. 89

3.2. Acceptability…………………………………………… 91

3.1.1. Classification A (Acceptable) ……………………. 92

3.1.2. Classification B (less Acceptable) ………………. 95

C. Discussion…………………………………………………….. 98

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...........……….….. 109

A. Conclusion……………………………………………….…… 109

B. Suggestion……………………………………………….…….. 112

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………… 113

APPENDICES


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Table of Accuracy

Table 3.2: Table of Acceptability

Table 4.1: Visual data of hyperbolic expression based on the distribution of

hyperbolic items over lexical and grammatical categories

Table 4.2: Table of Translation Technique Data

Table 4.3: Table of Accuracy Scale

Table 4.4: Table of Acceptability Scale

Table 4.5: Discussion Accuracy and Acceptability


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ABSTRACT

Arya Wardhana C0306014. 2013. A Translation Analysis of Hyperbolic

Expressions in the Novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE By Keith R.A.

DeCandido. Undergraduate Thesis, Surakarta. English Department, Faculty

of Letters and Fine Arts. University of Sebelas Maret.

This research focuses on the analysis of hyperbolic expressions in the

novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith R.A. DeCandido and their

translation. The objectives of this research are to find out: (1) the types of

hyperbolic expressions in the novel SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE by Keith

R.A. DeCandido, (2) the translation techniques used in translating the hyperbolic

expressions, (3) the impact of those techniques to the accuracy and acceptability

of the translation.

This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. To collect the

data, purposive sampling technique was applied to analyze the data based on the

researcher’s criteria. In this research, 92 data were collected from the novel

SUPERNATURAL: NEVERMORE in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Three

methods of data collection were applied; content analysis, a close and open-ended

questionnaire and in-depth interview that was done with the three raters.

The result of the data analysis shows that there are 9 types of

hyperbolic expressions in the novel, i.e. noun (21 data), whole sentence/ clause

(19 data), numerical expression (17 data), adverb (12 data), adjective (7 data),

superlative degree (6 data), idiom (5 data), verb (4 data) and simile (1 datum).

Those types of hyperbolic expressions are translated into Bahasa Indonesia by

using 16 translation techniques: literal (28 data), generalization (14 data),

adaptation (13 data), transposition (7 data), established equivalent (6 data),

amplification (6 data), modulation (4 data), variation (3 data), compensation (2

data), reduction (2 data), particularization (1 datum), linguistic amplification +

reduction (2 data), linguistic compression + discursive creation (1 datum), literal +

borrowing (1 datum), literal + generalization (1 datum) and adaptation +

amplification + borrowing (1 datum). Dealing with accuracy, literal technique

contributes to the producing of accurate translation, while generalization

contributes to the producing of less accurate translation. Dealing with

acceptability, there is no significant impact of the use of certain technique to the

acceptability level. Dealing with expressive meaning, there are 30 data which are

translated less expressively, while 62 data are equally translated.

It is recommended that in the future research, there will be a research

discussing the type of hyperbolic expressions in different perspective such as the

semantic-based classification or the extremity of exaggeration-based

classification. Hopefully, this research will be a consideration for the future

translators to do a translation project related to hyperbolic expression. It is

important since two dominant translation techniques applied in this research

produce a contrast result; they are literal technique which tends to produce

accurate translation, and generalization technique which tends to produce less

accurate translation.

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