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A time period of Hostility WITHOUT armed conflict between the US (democracy) and USSR(Communist) The 38 th parallell DMZ- De-Militarized Zone Nationalism- extreme pride in ones nation or ethnicity Imperialism- When a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation The US was pursuing a policy of containment Bell Ringer Why did the United States get involved in the Korea conflict? What is Nationalism? What is Imperialism? At what line is the Korean Peninsula divided? What is this line called? The Cold war was

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Review- Cold War Remember the Cold War: hostility between nations WITHOUT armed conflict The Cold War was mostly between the Communist Soviet Union (USSR) and The Democratic United States. Democracies value their rights, but in a communist country you must give up your rights in order to get your basic needs met. Europe itself was divided along the Iron Curtain, an imaginary line separating the Democratic West from the Communist East.

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Appeal of Communism Post WWII: -people are starving -cities in ruins -homes destroyed -millions dead -few jobs But Communists are promising: -jobs for all -food and shelter for all -strong government Which would you prefer? Why?

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Containment The United States passed several measures to ensure the containment of communism inside the iron curtain. Truman Doctrine- it must be the policy of the US to support free people who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures [USSR] Marshall Plan- Use financial aid to combat the appeal of communism- billions spent By providing basic needs and financial aid to rebuild, communist influences are reduced

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After WWII The allies split Germany into 4 zones of occupation. Each nation was responsible for the rebuilding and demilitarization in their zone. Berlin, Germanys capital, was also split into 4 Zones of Occupation Cold War- Germany

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Berlin Blockade 1948- time to reunite Germany as one independent nation but USSR refuses. Stalin blockades West Berlin to get rid of foreign influence to turn it to communism. The Allies respond with the Berlin Airlift- thousands of supplies are flown into West Berlin for over a year

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Berlin Wall In 1961 the Soviets began to construct a wall around West Berlin, separating it from Communist East Germany. The goal was to stop the flow of refugees trying to escape communist nations for democracies. The wall stood from 1961-1989

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Cold War- Korea Background: -Korea was invaded and controlled by Japan since 1910 -After WWII Korea is occupied by two allies: -North Korea- Soviet Union -South Korea- United States What form of Government would the North and South each adopt? Why?

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Cold War- Korea In 1950 the allies withdrew. North Korea invaded the south and established communist control. The United States acted to contain communism back to the north. The US sent in troops and supplies to be advisors in the war

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Cold War- Korea The South pushed back with help from the US. Soon North Koreas forces were pushed to the Chinese Border China warned the US to not enter China, or they would become involved China enters the war in 1951, quickly pushing the front back to the 38 th parallel

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Cold War- Korea Stalemate- The war stalled at the 38 th Parallel from 1951- 1953. A treaty in 1953 did not name a clear victor or loser. The US was angry because the Korean war was the first war they had not dominated Communism takes hold of North Korea and a long lasting resentment begins

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Cold War- Korea The War Continues! Technically, we signed a ceasefire/armistice, not a peace treaty

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Cold War- Vietnam Background: -French Colony -French tried to maintain control after WWII ended France asked the US, via NATO to help avoid a communist takeover. Review: why was NATO created? TO CREATE AN ALLIANCE OF DEMOCRATIC NATIONS TO CONTAIN COMMUNISM

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Cold War- Vietnam Vietnamese nationalist- Ho Chi Minh Vietnam fought for freedom from the French from 1946-1954. Independent Vietnam was divided by the peace treaty into North and South Vietnam Elections were scheduled for 1950 to re-unite Vietnam under a single government. The US believed the election would be won by the communists and stepped in to prevent the domino theory in Asia Why do you think the US called the spreading of communism in Southeast Asia the Domino Theory? Believed if one Asian nation fell to communism the rest would too

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Cold War- Vietnam 1959-1975: Ho Chi Minh supported the Viet Cong, a communist rebel group in South Vietnam The US sent in military supplies and advisors to the South, but soon entered the war with troops The USSR and China sent supplies (no troops) to Vietnam The Vietnamese considered the war Nationalism vs Imperialism

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Cold War- Vietnam The Vietnam war was mostly a guerrilla war Tet Offensive 1968 The North Vietnamese called for a formal ceasefire to celebrate the holiday of Tet, around the new year. On the first day of Tet, North Vietnam launched a series of coordinated, well planned attacks throughout South Vietnam Violated Normal Rules of War

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Cold War- Vietnam Today, Vietnam is unified and has normal relations with the United States. Trade has increased and Vietnam has modernized most of its cities. It is still politically communist.

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Cold War- Middle East The region has many rich oil resources and is strategically placed along several waterways Soviet Union: Egypt, Iraq, Syria United States: Israel, Turkey, Iran

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Cold War- Middle East Afghanistan In 1979 the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The US gave weapons and aid to Afghan guerillas who eventually forced the USSR out Afghanistan is later controlled by the Taliban (1996)- an Islamic group who believes in strict interpretation of Islamic law. The Taliban scorns democracy and capitalism

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Cold War- Cuba background Cuba won independence from Spain in 1898 with help from the US. For 60 years Cuba tried to build a democratic state, but in 1952 Batista seized control, imposing a repressive and corrupt regime. In 1959 Fidel Castro overthrew Batista and established a communist dictatorship in Cuba. The US was worried about a communist nation so close to home and attempted to invade and overthrow Castro. However, this invasion, known as the Bay of Pigs, failed terribly.

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Cold War- Cuba 1962 Cuba is 90 miles south of Florida Communist Cuba was allied with the Soviet Union In 1962 Spy planes found Missile launch sites under construction in Cuba

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Why were we scared of launch bases in Cuba?

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Cold War- Cuba 1962 President Kennedy declared a Quarantine of Cuba- not allowing any ships, from any nation, carrying missiles into Cuba The world watched to see what would happen- fearing nuclear war Soviet Union backed off and war was averted.

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Cold War- Cuba 1962 Limited Test Ban Treaty Both sides agree to ban testing nukes above ground- saves the world from radioactive debris

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WWII Long lasting effects -Cold War lasts until 1991- over 40 years -wars are fought pitting Communists against democrats -new more powerful weapons -North Korea considers US their Sworn Enemy CC cold War

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Review WWII is often considered a turning point in history because a. The League of Nations demonstrated that an international organization could maintain world peace b. The war brought an end of dictatorships c. European domination of the world began to weaken as nationalism in colonies increased d. Religious and ethnic differences were no longer a source of conflict between nations

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Review During the Cold War era (1945-1990), the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict because of a. Peacekeeping role of the United Nations b. Pressure from nonaligned nations c. The potential for global nuclear destruction d. Increased tensions in the middle east

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Review The Main reason the United Nations sent troops into Korea in 1950 was to a. Ensure food reached the areas of the Korean peninsula affected by Famine b. Prevent North Korea from conquering the people of South Korea c. Force the inspection of nuclear weapons plants in north Korea d. Restore peace between warring factions of Buddhism and Shinto

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Review The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations since 1948 was often considered part of the Cold War primarily because a. The policy of dtente evolved from the conflict b. Communist governments were established in many Arab nations c. The leadership of Joseph Stalin strongly influenced the policies of Saddam Hussein d. The United States supported Israel and the Soviet Union supported several Arab nations

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Review From the perspective of the Vietnamese, the war in Vietnam in the 1960s was a battle between a. Fascism and Liberalism b. Nationalism and imperialism c. Republicanism and totalitarianism d. Theocracy and monarchy

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Cuba Today Though still Communist, the US has started to open negotiations to normalize relations with Cuba/. This means that trade could be possible between the two nations. Currently, Cuban made items are illegal in the US, and American citizens are not allowed to visit Cuba except for few permissible reasons.

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Review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2IcmLkuh G0

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Bell Ringer Korea was split at what dividing line after WWII? The leader of the Vietnamese Nationalist movement was: Why did the United States get involved in the Korean and Vietnamese Wars? 38 th Parallel Ho Chi Minh- looked at war as a National war against imperial powers The US wanted to avoid the spread of Communism