a tier 3 methodology for (wood) domestic combustion stockholm (sweden), 4-5 may 2011carlo trozzi a...

A Tier 3 Methodology for (wood) domestic combustion

Stockholm (Sweden), 4-5 May 2011Carlo Trozzi


Carlo TrozziStockholm (Sweden), 4-5 May 2011



TOPICS Residential combustion (NFR 1A4bi) as key source Informative Inventory Report (IIR) Analysis and some Tier 2 examplesCase study for a tentative methodology to evaluate domestic emissions from wood and other fuel burningProlegomena to a Tier 3 methodology



NFR 1A4bi as key source

EEA Technical report No 7/2010



NFR 1A4bi as key sourceRank of 1A4bi between NFRs (EU 27)

Elaboration on data in EEA Technical report No 7/2010



NFR 1A4bi estimation methods (IIR)

Albania Iceland RomaniaBelarus Ireland SerbiaBulgaria Italy SlovakiaCroatia Latvia SloveniaCyprus Lithuania Spain

Denmark FYR of Macedonia SwedenEstonia Monaco United KingdomFinland Montenegro United States of

AmericaFrance PollandHungary Portugal

Armenia LiechtensteinAzerbaijan Luxembourg

Bosnia & Herzegovina MaltaCanada Republic of MoldovaGeorgia Russian FederationGreece Turkey

Kazakhstan UkraineKyrgyzstan

AustriaBelgium

Czech RepublicGermany

NetherlandsNorwaySweden

Switzerland



NFR 1A4bi Tier 2: AustriaThree technology-dependent main sub

categories (heating types) are considered: Central Heating, Apartment Heating, Stoves

Energy consumption by type of fuel and type of heating from a statistical evaluation of micro census data 1990, 1992, 1999, 2004, 2006 and 2008 (STATISTIK AUSTRIA)

The calculated shares are used to subdivide total final energy consumption to the several technologies

Specific considerations for given technologies



NFR 1A4bi Tier 2: Czech RepublicGeneral Census data on the numbers of

apartments heated according to the individual kinds of fuel (solid and gaseous fuels, electrical energy, central supply of heat, or combined methods); part of the data is up-dated annually

Calculation including the specific heat consumption for the individual groups of apartments (apartment buildings, family homes) and the climatic conditions in the given year yields the consumption of the basic kinds of fuel, burned in households in small home furnaces: brown coal, black coal, coke and natural gas



NFR 1A4bi Tier 2: GermanyActivity data from Energy balance. Average

EFs from Tier 2&3 methods in a specific study (2005)

Appliance-related and source-category-specific emission factors determined in accordance with device design, age level, output category and typical mode of operation

Several technology-specific emission factors are aggregated in order to obtain mean emission factors weighted by energy inputs



NFR 1A4bi Tier 2: NorwayUse of wood in households after 2005 are

based on responses to questions relating to wood-burning in Statistics Norway’s Travel and Holiday Survey

The figures in the survey refer to quantities of wood purchase and estimates for self-harvest, which not necessarily correspond to use

Combustion takes place in small ovens in private households

Figures on use of coal and coal coke are derived from information from sales statistics and main importer or suppliers



NFR 1A4bi Tier 2: SwedenOne-and two-dwellings statistics, Holiday

cottages statistics and Multi-dwellings statistics are used as complementary data sources to get more details on biomass combustion

Biomass fuel consumption for heating residences are surveyed on the three most common combustion technologies: boiler, stoves and open fire places

Biomass activity data is separated on wood logs, pellets/briquettes and wood chips/saw dust

Emission factors for wood logs, pellets and wood chip using different combustion technologies



NFR 1A4bi Tier 2: SwitzerlandA country specific Tier 2 method is used Top-down method based on aggregated fuel

consumption data from the Swiss overall energy statistics and on wood consumption from the Swiss wood energy statistics is used

For light fuel oil and natural gas the following sources are differentiated: heat only boilerscombined heat and power production in

turbines combined heat and power production in

engines



Case study for a tentative methodology to evaluate domestic emissions from wood and other fuel

burningMethodology goals

Obtain more accurate estimates Evaluation of fuel consumption and

emissions on a more detailed technologies split

More detailed allocation of fuel consumption and emissions to subnational areas

Include “ghost” consumptions and emissions (for example for self-harvest wood)



Wood burning proposed methodology

1 Elaborate fuel sold from statistical sources

2 Evaluate temperature on very detailed space grid by meteorological model

3 Compute energy requirements on climatic areas by energy models based on temperature and census data about fuel use

4 Compare energy requirements with fuel sold

5 Use census data and/or specific survey for fuel/technologies allocation



Wood burning pilot studyA pilot study

was conduced in Italy inside

Genova province (NUTS 3

territory) to evaluate natural

gas and other fuel

consumption on LAU 2

(municipalities)



Wood burning pilot studyTemperature trend assessed on an hourly

basis, throughout the province on a grid of 1km x 1km by meteorological models for the reference year

Evaluation of the heat demand of the houses for typology by energy model

Evaluation of total requirements in all the municipalities using data on the stock of houses

Validation of total computed value for gas with quantity distributed by the gas network

Comparison of data for wood and liquid fuels with available statistics



Wood burning pilot studyTemperature model

Evaluation of the hourly values of temperatures at 1 km x 1 km grid with two meteorological models (MM5 mesoscale model of PSU/NCAR and Calmet model)

Assignment to each municipality the temperature of the mesh of City Hall



Pilot study – Temperature validation

Conparison beween daily average temperature computed and measured at Genova Airport

Measured Computed



Wood burning pilot study – Degree day

Evaluation of degree day (is the sum, extended to all days of a conventional one-year period, of the positive differences between the conventional daily temperature, set in Italy at 20 ° C, and the daily outside average temperature)

Use of degree day as input to energy model



Wood burning pilot study

Municipality degree day



Wood burning pilot study – Energy model

The heating and hot water requirements of an “average” house was computed with DOCET model (made by Italy CNR / ENEA) in a series of simulations: in each municipality (using degree day

specific to municipalities) for different types of housing (specific to

municipalities) about: period of construction (old / new

house) location (city center or isolated) type of structure



Wood burning pilot study – Energy model

For a number of other parameters (external finish, top height, number of floors, wall thickness, window type, window area, etc.) were assigned default values (evaluated with a sensitivity study)

Total consumption in all the municipalities was obtained by multiplying the heating requirements of an “average” house for the number of houses powered by natural gas, liquid fuels or firewood (source: ISTAT national population census)



Wood burning pilot study – Results For natural gas the following result was

obtained as total provincial figure: Model results 444.232.000 m3

Total natural gas distributed by area network 472.313.000 m3

The comparison shows that the total calculated is 94% of the distributed quantity

Given that the data of the gas distribution includes the consumption of commercial, institutional and small industrial plants, connected to city networks, the correspondence is very satisfactory



Wood burning Pilot study – Results For wood the following result was obtained:

Model results 80.636 t (Genova Province) Total estimate for Liguria Region 204.451 t Allowed to cut firewood for Liguria Region

15.350 t The comparison shows that the total

calculated is 1332% of the data reported in official statistics

In this case the calculated total is far higher than official figures as expected, but less than data obtained by a survey conducted on the final consumer in other works: Survey data 353.308 t for Liguria Region



Wood burning Pilot study (Liguria)Effect of “new data” on total PM emissions



Prolegomena to a Tier 3 methodology

The pilot study can be used to define a generalized methodology for compute fuel consumptions on large scale in the frame of TFEIP activitiesMore census detailed data on number of installed facilities by type are useful (promote more detailed census data sheets)



Prolegomena to a Tier 3 methodologyCategories

1. Climatic region (i.e. cold, temperate, hot or nord, sud, or plain, hill, mountains)2.Home type (single houses, apartment, …) 3.Technology (small boilers, centralized boilers, conventional stoves, advanced stoves, open fire places, …)4.Fuel (natural gas, pellets wood, chip wood, LPG, diesel oil, fuel oil, coal, …)




Input dataMonthly temperature by climatic region (meteorological model or stations)Census number of appliance by climatic region, home type, technology and fuel (national census, surveys)Emission factors by technology and fuel (GB updated)




Energy models applicationSpecific heat demand by temperature and home type (building energy models)Specific studies must be realized to categorize functions of heat demand by climatic region and home type using building energy models as US DOE or similar ones




Computed dataTotal annual energy demand (year by year) by climatic region, home type, technology and fuelAir pollutants emissions by climatic region, home type, technology and fuel




Model validationComparison between total computed fuel consumptions and official energy balance dataIterate the procedure if necessary or correct the official data for “ghost” consumptions (for example wood consumptions by “auto-producers”)

a tier 3 methodology for (wood) domestic combustion stockholm (sweden), 4-5 may 2011carlo trozzi a...

Documents

carlo trozzi nfr 1a4bi

methodology slide

tentative methodology

domestic emissions

technologies slide

key source rank of 1a4bi

specific heat consumption

specific study