A THESIS PROGRAM

for

KTXT-FM AND TELEVISION STUDIOS

at

TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

by

JOHN NATHAN OWENS

TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Fall, 1972

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Statement of Thesis Topic o o « « a o * o o o * o o « o o a

Current Facilities ,

Projected Development

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Space Requirements a a 0 e

Site Analysis , . , o . o .

Financing ,

LiOcies , . • . . , , .

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

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STATEMENT OF THESIS TOPIC

The project, a telecommunication center for Texas Tech University,

will encompass F. M. broadcasting /acilities for KTXT-FM, the university

student operated radio station, and following the established color

trend, television facilities will include full color live and video

tape television broadcasting, and facilities for the pre-recording of

lectures for on and off campus use, The necessary administrative and

functional facilities also will be part of the design considerations.

Maximizing the effectiveness of faculty already employed by the

university and area educational facilities will be the primary purpose

of the lecture recording facilities, Lectures recorded here may be

dispersed to the various departments on the university campus as well

as the possibility of sharing these lectures with the area home owners

via Channel 5 television. This method of correspondent education is

already being utilized in more populus areas, KTXT-FM radio also sees

educational programming in its future, becoming an additional source

2 of information and cultural events for the immediate surrounding area.

These facilities will not only reach the university and surrounding

area in a service rendering manner, but will provide invaluable experience

to students interested in tele-communications, Staffed by students and

the necessary professional technicians, both producing educational

material, the facility will become both a means and an end to education.

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CURRENT FACILITIES

Radio

The KTXT-FM radio studios are currently located in the speech building

and are limited in the facilities available for use by students. The

radio station moved into the speech building over a period of time, space

by space until the present station development was reached. The spaces

now include a newsroom, production manager's office, an engineer's work rooi

one on-the-air studio, and two production studios. The newsroom houses

two teletype machines, both connected to United Press International news

wires, two typewriters for writing various news stories, two reel to reel

and two cartridge type tape recorders for the production of news programs

and a small control panel and microphone. The news room presently doubles

as a news writing room and a production studio for the taping of news

'spots'. The on-the-air studio and the two production studios have

basically the same equipment and each could be used for live broadcasting

if the need arises, Each of the three studios have a control panel for

the manipulating of the various pieces of equipment and microphones. Two

turntables and storage for records are within easy reach of the operator.

Taping equipment typically includes from one to two reel to reel tape

recorders and at least two sources for cartridge tape play back and

recording. The recording option is used primarily in the production

studios. Sketches of the existing equipment with dimensions may be found

in Appendix A, The production studios are used by student organizations

for the production of announcements, and by tele-communications students

for productions required by their classes, This causes the studios to be

in great demand, Studios are used for approximately 30 productions per

week and each production averages about 60 seconds of air time, however,

the time required for production of the "spot" varies with the

complexity required and the experience of the producer, Production

time averages from one to two hours. This causes scheduling problems

for the use of the production studios, Often times it prevents a

2 student from using the facility in their spare time between classes.

Because of the small size of the production studios it is impossible

to schedule any large or medium scale productions such as choral groups

or group Instrumental productions. It is difficult to produce even the

smallest program such as a two-man debate,

Many of the tasks performed at the station by students can only be

learned by participation and experience. The limited production-instructioi

facilities makes it difficult for instructors to demonstrate the use of

the various equipment controls used in production, Novice "disk jockeys"

must be instructed, often by teaching assistants, while they are "on the

air," simply because of the lack of adequate practice facilities. This

causes the need for qualified instructors to be present while the station

is in the hands of the lesser experienced students. Adequate practice

and instructional facilities might allow the students to learn the use

of turn tables, tape players, microphones, and other equipment within

normal class hours, Many of the other "learning by doing" tasks, technical

in nature, such as tape splicing, monitoring and editing tape are limited

in the number of students that may be instructed at one time. There is

currently no other space or equipment that can be used for this type of

instruction.

KTXT-FM services few people outside the immediate area of the campus.

A diagram of the maximum radius of reception with good reception

equipment is shown on the following page. The campus dormitories are

reached by way of a carrier current. In other words, the dormitories

are linked to the station by means of a transmission cable rather than

the usual broadcasting method,

The KTXT-FM transmitter is located at the existing KTXT television

station, and is so located that it may also use the existing tower for

its broadcast antenna, The transmitter is operated and utilized remotely

from the speech building, however, an engineer must be on duty at the

transmitter at all times, as required by F. C. C. regulations. The

separation of the studios and transmitter seems to have caused few

operational problems and allows the present studios to be located

conveniently to pedestrian traffic from the interior of the campus.

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Television

The KTXT television studio and transmitter are presently located

in a converted livestock pavilion on the west edge of the Texas Tech

University campus, Administrative offices are in the remodeled living

quarters above the studio. The television facilities moved into the

building in 1962 and at that time added a mechanical room, In 1966 a

transmitter room was added to the existing structure, These additions

were made because of the lack of expansion space. The station has grown

sufficiently that again there is no available space for expansion and this

lack of ability for expansion, prevents the improvement and upgrading

of equipment to accommodate color production and broadcast.

The present station consists of one studio, one control room, one

transmitter/engineer work room, and four administrative offices. The

studio must serve multiple functions because it is the only one in the

station. Any video production must be scheduled for the studio as well

as any live broadcasting done by KTXT-TV. Every Monday and Wednesday

afternoon the tele-communications department uses the studio and control

room for educational instruction to its students. Any production by the

department must be scheduled during this time. Existing studio facilities

create scheduling problems because only one studio must serve in so many

capacities. This scheduling problem should increase in magnitude as the

enrollment in tele-communications increases to a projected 250 students

in 1980.

The studio itself imposes restrictions in flexibility and convenience

The small size of the studio does not allow sets and properties used very

often to remain in the studio while other productions are in progress.

Size inadequacy prohibits large productions in which larger sets and

larger numbers of people would appear. Height, also very important

in the television studio, is a problem in the existing facilities. Having

to fit the studio into a building that was not intended for this use,

the headroom, or distance from the floor to the lighting grid, is inadequate

and does not allow taller sets, or their movement in and out of the studio.

Taller sets are needed because the field of vision through the standard

studio camera, not only increases in width but in height as the camera

is moved away from the subject. Greater height is needed for ease in

maneuvering microphone booms in the studio without contacting the lighting

grid or the suspended studio lighting fixtures.

A maximum of five technicians will be in the studio at any given time

during a production. These men are two cameramen, one prop man, if a

boom microphone is used one man must be present for its operation, and one

floor director is also present. Equipment needed in the studio includes

a lighting grid near the ceiling from which the studio lighting fixtures

are suspended for flexibility in lighting effects. Two television cameras

and the necessary microphones required for any specific production.

The control room, adjacent to and usually connected with the studio,

is small, but efficient in that there is very little distance between

functions and equipment that must be attended to by one person.

The people that must be in the control room during a performance are:

the director who is responsible for the camera, video tape and film

chain operation, the audio controller who is responsible for the required

audio levels and any additional audio requirements from tape, cartridge

and reel to reel, or standard recording disks, an errand boy to relay

written messages into the studio, a eamera transmission, an engineer

at the transmitter to conduct periodic checks on its operation as

required by the Federal Communications Commission, and a licensed telephone

operator. A list of the control room, studio equipment and sizes may

be found in Appendix B.

Currently there are no facilities in the television station for the

processing of film or still photography in conjunction with television

productions. Existing facilities not only hinder the technical production

necessary but rarely afford the opportunity for experienced instruction

in the methods and techniques used to produce quality materials.

KTXT-TV is operated independently of any educational department

at Texas Tech, and is professionally staffed. The station's independence

allows them to supply services to any department on campus needing

television services. Even though the mass communications department

conducts instructional classes in the studio and control room they do

not control the operation of the station, as is the case with KTXT-FM

radio, The present location of the television studio, equipment, and

offices are somewhat inconvenient for the students who receive instruction

and are employed part-time there, The fact that the studio and control

room are close to the transmitter afford advantages in that one engineer

can observe the operation of the transmitter and help in the control r(

during production, However according to F. C. C. regulations the

engineer must be able to see the transmitter at all times. To operate

the transmitter from a remote control room would require the employment

of approximately two extra technicians. If the tower and transmitter,

which must be located close together, are moved, it would entail a cost

of at least $150,000 depending on the distance they had to be moved.

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Remote operation from a studio would not significantly complicate

the production procedures but could, if properly located, greatly

improve the convenience of the studio to the student who wiU attend

instruction periods there and who will partially staff the facility.

The Western Information Network is a group of 17 different

colleges and universities who have an agreement among themselves in

regard to teacher sharing. Currrently each of the colleges is able

to video tape lectures and broadcast on closed circuit television,

recorded lectures. Exchanging tapes allows each of the colleges to share

the capabilities of one instructor when it is economically or physically

impossible for each of the colleges to employ individual instructors

in a particular field, It is also possible to share the fruits of a

one-time occurrence such as seminars, etc, The possibilities of an

agreement such as this is encouraging and the effect could be of life

or death proportions to small struggling colleges. Facilities for the

Western Information Network are located in the newly remodeled engineering

hall (the old architecture building) on the third floor, The complex

includes three studios, a control room, and the other necessary spaces

needed for the production of video taped lectures, The studios are small

but adequate for their intended use, They all have fixed classroom type

scenes with the instructor seated at a desk, Overhead cameras allow the

instructor to use notes on ordinary paper in his lectures and just lie

them on the desk in front of him face up, He can work on diagrams or

illustrations without having to leave his chair, or changing camera

position, The studios are new and one does not have equipment in it

because it is not needed at the moment and will probably not be activated

11

immediately because the network has not developed to its fullest

potential, Future plans for the Western Information Network includes

a microwave link between the various points of origin, showing the

live transmission of a lecture session from one point in the network

to any other point, The Western Information Network (W,I,N,) is

strictly a closed circuit system and cannot be broadcast to the public

directly, However, any point in the network could broadcast what

it wished, to the public, by means of linking its unit with a regular

television broadcasting station, For example, this Texas Tech

W.I.N, studio, because of the lack of proper equipment and licenses,

could not share its instructors with the people of Lubbock directly,

but through co-operation with KTXT-TV could broadcast the lectures

through the channel five equipment by way of a cable link to the station,

A schematic sketch of the W.I.N. studios is on the following page, It

should be emphasized here that KTXT-TV and W.I.N. are two completely

separate organizations staffed, funded, and administered independently.

The Western Information Network is operated by the engineering department

and emphasizes its services, on the Texas Tech campus, to the school of

engineering, In its present development no plans are made for any

standard broadcast facilities and such facilities are not included even

in conceptual form.

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Studio

22 X 15

Control Room

10 X 45

Studio

15 X 11

15 X 11

Studio

22 X 15

Plan - W.I.N.

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PROJECTED DEVELOPMENTS

Radio

KTXT-FM radio has been hindered by its facilities and broadcast

power in that much of its educational and cultural programming has been

eliminated to conform to the limitations of the production facilities.

In other words, had the station more adequate facilities and equipment,

many of the built-in restrictions on cultural and educational programming

would be lifted. This could allow imaginative administrators to supply

much more effective material both educating and entertaining to the

listener and "disk jockeys" as well. Possible sources for this type

programming would be classical combos, organized by musically interested

individuals, choral groups, dramatic productions, and arrangements of

programs utilizing recorded material.

The possibility of the campus radio station changing its programming

to educational material is increased every year for financial reasons.

Currently the station's programming is mainly of the entertainment type

consisting primarily of popular music with public service announcements,

The Federal government and independent organizations have set up monetary

grants for educational radio stations, These grants are not available

to stations broadcasting other than educational material. These grants

are for both operating expenses and additional or replacement of equipment

In the event that educational programming is adopted, the broadcast radius

could be required by the various grants to be increased to reach raore

people than the present system is capable of reaching. This expansion

could be accomplished with an increase in broadcast power by adding to

the existlng broadcast equipment.

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Television

In the category of educational material in a mass media, the radio

has currently been surpassed in present effectiveness and potential by

educational television, Television is currently used on almost every

major college campus and many of the larger high school campuses in the

United States, As campuses grow, it is evident that television will

assume a larger role in the nation's classrooms. Educational television

however, is not limited to a classroom situation. In many of the country's

more densely populated areas, correspondence courses are offered by

universities and high schools via television. The student's "classroom"

would be his own home thus simplifying many of the transportation

problems posed by the would be student commuter. Courses of this type

are successful in high density areas where transportation is a major

problem, In a course such as this, tests, examinations and assignments

are mailed to and from the student to be graded at the school. In order

for one to receive credit for a course, he must apply for admission and

pay tuition to the school offering the service. A high quality of

correspondent education could be achieved through such a program for

the people of Lubbock and surrounding area. This educational arrangement

is ideal for handicapped persons, or persons, who for some reason are

prevented from attending classroom sessions. Temporary but immobilizing

diseases or physical handicaps might not, with television lectures, cause

a semester of work to be wasted. Co-operation with the Western Information

Network would allow great flexibility in correspondent courses in the

areas around the various college campuses. Instructors at one campus

could conduct lectures to the public hundreds of miles away. In

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In Lubbock's area of dominant influence (ADI) there are approximately

112,300 television sets in approximately 76,300 households, Although

not every household would utilize this service the influence of higher

education at Texas Tech University would be increased significantly,

With the development of the Texas Tech School of Medicine, the

demand for closed circuit television will increase at a rapid rate, A

portion of the needed television facilities, such as patient surveillance,

will be a closed circuit system within the school building because of

the ne^gible demand for such a service outside the medical school because

of the impossibility and undesirability of bringing patients to the

television station for televised operations, it will be imperative that

adequate facilities be provided in the medical school, However many of

the courses taught in the medical school related to existing subjects

and departments such as nutrition, child development and speech and

therapy, could be utilized in other parts of the campus as well. This

could be accomplished by way of a central television facility with

3 4 adequate closed circuit controls to handle any switching problems, '

Some of the other academic departments on campus have tried

television as a teaching aid in their lecture classes. Some of the

attempts failed because of the individual teacher's attitude toward

the system. Using the English Department as an example, a course was

set up so that one lecture a week was on television. This should have

been welcomed by inexperienced teachers for several reasons. This

system would allow more time to prepare only two-thirds the number of

lectures they should have produced. It would have given them the

benefit of a more experienced instructor's help, and would aid the

16

teachers in planning the sequence of their lectures by giving thera

a lecture.per week to build upon and amplify as they saw fit. This,

however, was not how the system was received. The instructors

apparently felt intimidated by the television lecturer because

they interpreted the idea.as an instructor trying to becorae a

"master teacher" and attempting to tell thera how to conduct their

classes. Apparently their egos were injured so badly that the idea

was rejected corapletely and raany of the instructors refused to co-operate,

The idea lacked support araong the faculty and adrainistration forcing only

a few teachers to carry the full burden of the tape production and

6 periodical revision, often without extra pay for their efforts. In

other cases the failure of the prograra was due to the unreliability

of the equipraent itself„ For example, if it takes a major portion of

the alloted class tirae to adjust the television equipraent until it could

be understood and the picture readable, it is not surprising that it did

not succeed,

Despite these seeraingly overwhelraing probleras other academic

departments use televised pre-recorded lectures consistently. The

chemistry department has two separate series of programs, one series

is the standard lecture type prograra and the other, consists of condensed

laboratory experiments without the waiting and preparation necessary for

most experiments, The speech department uses the service periodically,

and the horticulture and park administration are serviced about once per

week, Other departraents that make use of this aid daily are home

economics and textile engineering and research. The engineering department

uses pre-recorded lectures daily, however their prograras do not originate

17

at the KTXT studios, These lectures are stored and played back frora

the W,I,N, studios in engineering hall. The KTXT studios have five

closed circuit transmitters which means that the studio can broadcast,

on closed circuit or cable television, simultaneously on each of the

five channels; 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, This capacity is more than enough

for the present utilization level. As the television assuraes more

responsibility in the Texas Tech classroom the simultaneous deraand may

increase by as much as 507o-607o,

Like the KTXT radio station grants are available to the television

station for educational and public service productions. Three have been

produced since 1970 and all three have been very successful in that

the public of the Lubbock area has been informed, and many of the problems

3 of an urban area have been brought to light, The primary objectives of the

projects were:

(1) to develop a televised series of programs through which the

comraunication of service groups and the general public is

clarified and is utilized raore effectively,

(2) to provide the forura for allowing the public to specifically

suggest establishraent of new social prograras or changes within

existing prograras of governraental or private service agencies.

(3) to develop a televised series of prograras in which the channels

of communication are open and accessible for publicizing the

employraent needs of eraployers as well as the eraployment of

2 the potential work force.

Topics countered in the various projects include, crime, the physical

and financial problems of the inner city, poverty, racial strife, traffic.

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The South Plains Association of Governments, sluras, employment problems,

taxes, public education, the voice of the vote, garbage services,

The Lubbock Public Schools, welfare and social diseases. Because of

the high quality professional production and following analysis of

effect on the community, the grants for productions of this type will

be easier to obtain in the future. An increasing deraand for studio

time will be the result of an increased amount of productions of this

type. The series consisted of an average of ten prograras per series.

Each program lasted from 45 rainutes to a raaximura of 2 hours and 10

rainutes but the usual length was approxiraately 1 hour and 30 minutes.

ProducticcB of this length could require weeks to coraplete, not all of

9 10 this being studio tirae, »

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Radio

Broadcast Studio/Control Roora - A raaxiraura of two operators should be

provided for, Space for reel to reel tape recorders, cartridge tape

players, phonograph turntables, control panel, storage for long play

albums and storage for single records, This room should have sound

absorbing surfaces and should be acoustically isolated,

Carrier Current Studio/Control Room - This roora has the same function

as broadcast studio/control roora but is used for broadcasting to dorraitories

Production Room(s) - The sarae equipraent as supplied in the studios will

be needed for production. Depending on the size of production raore

space will be needed for talent as well as the producer,

Offices - Office space should be provided for 1 faculty advisor, 4

teaching assistants, 4 student staff positions, occasional use by

student staff raerabers, receptionist/secretary, continuity writing and

bookkeeping,

News: Room - Two people will work in the newsroora continuously, Space

should be provided for a maxiraum of 3 workers. Equipment will include

U,P,I. teletype machines, reel to reel tape recorders, cartridge tape

recorders, small control panel, citizens band radio monitors, type-

writers, and sorae writing space.

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Library - Storage, sorting and preview facilities for recordings,

both tape and disk, not being used in the broadcast or production

studios,

Radio-Sound Laboratory - This roora should accoraraodate at least 40 people

for a classroora with the low sound reflectance surfaces and low sound

transraission walls as in the production and broadcast studios, Equipraent

for play back and raonitor of student productions is needed,

Engineer Storage/Work Roora - This roora should contain enough storage for

spare equipraent parts and electrical coraponents, with work space for

the repair of equipraent modules not too large to remove with storage

for the required repair tools and supplies.

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Radio

21

Carrier Current Studio

Broadcast Studio

Production Rooms 1

Offices

News Room

Library

Rádio Sound

Supply and

l Lab

Service

Mechanical

Reception

Imperative

Desirable

Undesirable

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SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Television

Studio(;s) - There raust be roora for four technicians, 2 caraera raen,

a floor raan and a prop raan to operate around and with the equipraent,

A boora microphone, cameras, and raonitors are the major pieces of

equipment in the studio. Generally the studio surfaces need to be

as sound absorbent as possible with the sets or flats supplying the

necessary sound reflection, The floor of the studio raust be as level

and sraooth as possible, Any noticeable "joggling" of the caraeras

cannot be tolerated,

Control Roora(s) - The control roora staff is composed of a director,

audio control technician, multi-purpose technician, caraera shader,

V,T,R, technician, transraitter engineer and a telephone operator, The

director must have immediate access to all cameras, V.T.R,, and

film chain controls. V.T.R. units, audio equipraent - turntable,

cartridge and reel to reel tape machines, raonitors for on the air,

preview, audio for each caraera, V.T.R, and filra chain, patch

panels and video syncronators, and an audio patch panel are also

present in the control room,

Prop Shop and Storage - Space for the required tools and supplies as

well as facilities for set construction and storage for re-usable

sets and props must be provided to release valuable studio wall space,

Engineer Storage/Work Room - This room should contain enough storage

for spare equipraent, parts and electrical components and work space

for the repair of equipment modules not too large to remove, with

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storage for the required repair tools and supplies.

V,T,R./Projection Roora - If the V.T.R. units are not located in the

control roora, they should be isolated in a more controlled environment

with the multiplexers and filra chains. Tape Storage - this should

include storage for all video tapes and films and recorded audio

productions.

Film/Photo Processing Room(s) - Space for chemical baths, and a film

processer, dark room and roora for photographic layout is needed.

Offices - Offices for the art director, producer/director, chief

engineer, program manager, coraraunity relations, prograra development,

program proraotion, acaderaic liasion, station raanager, and secretarial

space are needed,

Dressing Rooms(s) - These are needed for costume change and make-up by

the talent in various productions and broadcasts.

Green Room - This should be a waiting room large enough to accoraraodate

the production's talent,

Observation Booth - This is a space where guests and talent companions

raay observe the production; a maximum of 10 people.

Announcer's Booth - Working space for one person and room for a video

monitor, microphone, control board, turntable and tape raachines for

the addition of specialized audio announcements over a video broadcast

should be included.

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Script/Continuation Writin^ - This is a space provided for several

simultaneous writers to prepare the written text for productions and

"^spots,"

Film Editing Room - This is space for a film projector and seating

for approximately 5-6 people for previewing and editing of filra footage

24

Script/Continuation Writin^ - This is a space provided for several

simultaneous writers to prepare the written text for productions and

"spots,"

Film Editing Room - This is space for a film projector and seating

for approximately 5-6 people for previewing and editing of filra footage

SPACE RELATIONSHLPS

Television

25

Script/Continuation

Studio

Control Room

Props

V.T.R./Proj,

Tape Storage

Photo Process

Offices

Dressing Room

Green Room

Observation Booth

Announcer

Mechanical

Reception

Imperative

Desirable O

Undesirable @

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SITE ANALYSIS

The location of the FM radio and television studios will be on

Texas Tech University property, Various sites on the campus are available

for construction in accordance with the campus master plan, In general

the master plan*s objectives are to eliminate all but raajor streets

and roadways from the interior of the campus converting the areas to

planed or landscaped open areas, Parking will be removed from the

inner campus and relocated on the periphery, Traffic would then be

controlled to mass transportation and only the very necessary private

and service circulation, A pedêstrian mall and walkway is planned

that will extend from the library west between the foreign languages

and math and architecture buildings on the south, and the plant science

and business administration buildings on the north, The mall will

end on the vest with an amphitheater located in the recreation complex

that is planned for the present business administration unpaved parking

lot site,

All temporary buildings presently located on the campus are

scheduled for removal and this space also will be avaiable for development,

Four tentative sites have been selected based on their diversity

of access, convenience, for students and service personnel, and esthetic

considerations, (See Map in this section)

Site A This site is located in a cluster of buildings bounded by the

biology building, science quadrangle, journalisra building and English

building^ Access to this site is accomplished by the service drive

from sixth street on the north^ Because of the access from the north,

27

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the route to be taken from the site to the transraitter and tower,

is in the event that they are not raoved, is not as direct as it

should be, The proximity to the journalisra building would raake it

the raost convenient of the selected sites for the raass coraraunication

majors,

In relation to the center of the campus and its ceremonial entrance

it seems to be "behind" the science quadrangle, journalism, and

English buildings,

Site B - This site is located between the civil and raechanical

engineering building on the north and Holden Hall or the Old Museura

on the south, The site is presently occupied by teraporary buildings

to be removed as in the campus raaster plan, Access to this site by

raotor traffic also will be by way of a service drive frora sixth street

on the north causing the sarae transportation probleras as discussed

for site B, The journalism building is relatively close to this site

and would be convenient for the mass coramunications students, In

regard to esthetic possibilities, this site, located on the engineering

key, would be a good choice,

Site C - This site is west of the Ag, Pavilion, east of the plant science

building and north of the proposed pedestrian mall, Service and access

to the relocated transmitter and tower would be along Fifteenth Street

north of the business administration building. Teraporary buildings

currently have the site occupied, This site is not as close to the

journalism building as Site A and B but is located on the potentially

beautiful pedestrian mall, Although the site is not close to the

29

journalism building, it is near another nebulus of study; the library,

Site D - This site is located between the foreign language and math

building on the east, the architecture/art building on the west and

is south of the proposed pedestrian mall, Service to the site will

be along Eighteenth Street which will have it a fairly direct route

to the present tower location, This site is not as convenient to the

centers of activity as the other sites but has the raost direct route

to the transraitter and tower in case of trouble, Like Site C this

site could have an esthetic advantage by being located near the

pedestrian raall.

UJ u 2 <

2

FINANCING

A primary concern in any construction project is how the project

will be funded, The two primary costs involved with a particular

building's construction, are the property on which the building is

located, and the actual cost of the building, labor, materials, and

equipment,

The site for the KTXT television/radio station will be on Texas

Tech University property, therefore the cost of the land will not be

a factor, Discretion should be used, however, in the amount of land

to be occupied by the facility to prevent its wasteful use, Other

factors concerning the potential site(s) will be discussed in the

Site Analysis Section,

Currently the KTXT-FM radio station is operated on funds obtained

from the student service fees. The only assistance provided by the

university is in the way of salaries for professionals and teaching

assistants eraployed by the departraent of mass-coraraunications. These

fees are charged each student at registration tirae before each seraester

and average about $25 per student. State Law forbids the use of state

funds for operation of student publications and student operated

facilities such as the carapus newspaper and KTXT-FM radio.

Grants for the operation and equipraent of a student operated radio

station are available only if its prograraming is primarily educational

in nature. For educational stations grants raay be obtained frora the

education office of the Departraent of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Grants from this source may be used for facilities, equipraent or the

production of specific educational prograras. These are matching grants

30

31

for up to a maximum ratio of 2:1. This means that for every doUar

supplied by the Department, two dollars wiU be supplied by H.E.W.

The grants for non-coramercial broadcasting facilities are raade

available through Title I of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.

Application for these raonies raust be raade through the regional office

of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare at Dallas, Texas.^

The other major source for educational radio funds is the Cor-

poration for Public Broadcasting. This corporation, like the D.H.E.W.,

has a list of requirements that raust be satisfied by the station before

it will be eligible for any assistance. For exaraple two of the

requirements are (1) a majority of programming raust be educational

or public service (2) a miniraura operating broadcast power of 250 watts.

A single grant of $15,000 is available to aid the station in fulfilling

the requireraents for an annual grant. $15,000 per year is available

to the station frora the C.P.B. each year that it continues to raeet

the operational requireraents,^

KTXT television is operated on funds taken frora the Texas Tech

University general budget^ In the 1971-72budget the station received

$69,998 for the closed circuit television service supplied to the

classrooms on campus• For the extension and public service (including

educational television) the station was allowed $305,000. Under the

Departraent of Health, Education and Welfare, Part A, Title VI,

KTXT-TV received $22,414.36 which was applied to closed circuit television

equipraent for the carapus, As raentioned before grants are available

for specific public service productions and in 1971-72 the station

received $3,244,53 for one of these productions, This is the approxiraate

32

cost of the other two projects which were funded frora the sarae source,

Educational prograras such as these are also funded by the Departraent

of Health, Education and Welfare, U, S, Office of Education, Title I

of the Higher Education Act,

The radio/television station building construction could be

funded in part by the Office of Education, D.H.E,W, This is the sarae

office and departraent that funded rauch of the specific prograraming,

however the same office under the Higher Education Facílities Act

of 1963 can fund non-revenue producing construction, Structures that

do not have an incorae on carapuses such as classroora and office buildings

may be partially funded under this act, Formula grants supplying

up to 507o were given in 22 cases in 1971, 90 grants in 1972, and over

200 approved applications are projected for 1973,•'• Applications

are to be submitted to the Comraissioner of Education at the state level,

Eligibility for a grant under this act is achieved if: (1) the

construction will increase enrollment (2) it is approved and recomraended

by the appropriate state coraraission (3) there is sufficient allotraent

to the state, under the H,E,F,A, Act (4) there is a high, state assigned,

priority, Final grant approval authority is held by:

The Higher Education Director Dept, Health, Education and Welfare Regional Office 1114 Comraerce Street Dallas, Texas 75202

PHJ'A (214) 749-3396

(0 UJ

0 u

CODES

The following information is from the Uniform Building Code

which is used currently in Lubbock, Texas and on the campus of Texas

Tech University, Only specific requireraents about unique situations

is included at this point.

Requireraents for Group C Occupancies

Sec, 801, Group C Occupancies shall be:

Any building used for school or day-care purposes raore than eight

hours per week, involving aseemblage for instruction, education, or

recreation, and not classed in Group A Occupancies or in Divisions 1

and 2 of Group B, Occupancies,

For occupancy separations see Table No. 5-B

For occupant load see Section 3301,

(b) Special Provisions, Rooms having an occupant load of more than

100, and rooms used for kindergarten, first- or second-grade pupils,

shall not be located above the first story above grade except in buildings

of Type I construction,

Laboratories, woodworking and metalworking shops, raachine shops,

paint shops, storage rooms, and similar areas shall be separated from

each other and from classrooms by not less than a One-Hour Fire-Resistive

Occupancy Separation as defined in Chapter 5,

Balconies and bleachers over usable space and all janitor closets

shall be protected with raaterials approved for one-hour fire-resistive

construction,

A U curtains, drops, and drapes shall be flarae-proofed.

Stages and enclosed platforras shall be constructed in accordance

33

34

with Chapter 39,

Sec. 803, (a) General, All buildings housing Group C Occupancies

shall front directly upon or have access to a public street not less

than twenty feet (20') in width, The access to the public street shall

be a rainiraura twenty-foot (20') wide right-of-way unobstructed and raain-

tained only as access to the public street, At least one required exit

shall be located on the public street or on the access way,

(b) Special Provision, Exterior walls or parts of walls of Group

C Occupancies having an occupant load of less than 100 persons, when

within ten feet (10') of adjacent property lines, raay be of one-hour

fire-resistant construction,

Sec, 804, Stairs, exits, and sraokeproof enclosures shall be

provided as specified in Chapter 33, (See also Section 3317)

Sec, 805, All portions of Group C Occupancies shall be provided

with light and ventilation, either natural or artificial, as specified

in Section 605,

Toilets shall be provided on the basis of the following ratios

of toilets to the number of students, In addition, urinals shall be

provided for boys on the basis of 1:30 in elementary and secondary

schools and 1:110 in colleges and universities,

There shall be provided at least one lavatory for each two toilets

or urinals for each sex, and at least one drinking fountain on each

floor for eleraentary and secondary schools, The ratio for lavatories

in colleges and universities shall be 1:100 for girls, 1:150 for boys,

Sec, 808, Chiraneys and heating apparatus shall conforra to the

requirements of Chapter 37 of this Code and Uniform Building Code,

35

Volume II, Mechanical,

Motion picture machine booths shall conforra to the requireraents

of Chapter 40,

Each building shall be provided with an approved outside gas

shutoff valve conspicuously raarked,

All exterior openings in a boiler roora or rooras containing central

heating equipment if located below openings in another story or if

less than ten feet (10') from other doors or windows of the same building

shall be protected by a fire asserably having a three-fourths-hour fire-

resistive rating, Such fire asserablies shall be fixed, autoraatic, or

self-closing,

When the opening for a heater or equipment room is protected by a

pair of fire doors, the inactive leaf shall be norraally secured in the

closed position and shall be openable only by the use of a tool, An

astragal shall be provided and the active leaf shall be self-closing,

No flammable liquids shall be placed, stored, or used in any Group

C Occupancies, except in approved quantities as necessary in laboratories,

and approved utility rooras, and such liquids shall be kept in tight or

sealed containers when not in actual use,

A building which will have only the first floor accessible to not

raore than 20 pupils at any tirae, raay be used for school purposes with

the following exceptions to Code requireraents:

(1) Exterior walls or parts of walls which are less than three

feet (3') from adjacent property lines shall have no openings therein

and shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as

specified in Chapter 43,

(2) Classrooms may have only one exit not less than three feet

36

(3') wide,

Exits Required

Sec, 3302. (a) Number of Exits. Every building or usable portion

thereof shall have at least one exit, and shall have not less than

two exits where required by Table No. 33-A.

In all occupancies, floors above the first story having an occupant

load of more than 10 shall have not less than two exits.

Each mezzanine used for other than storage purposes, if greater

in area than two thousand square feet (2000 sq. ft.), or if raore than

sixty feet (60') in any diraension shall have not less than two stairways

to an adjacent floor,

Every story or portion thereof, having an occupant load of 500 to 999

shall have not less than three exits,

Every story or portion thereof, having an occupant load of 1000 or

more shall have not less than four exits,

The number of exits required from any story of a building shall

be determined by using the occupant load of that story, plus the

percentages of the occupant loads of floors which exit through the

level under consideration as follows:

1, Fifty per cent of the occupant load in the first adjacent

story above (and the first adjacent story below, when a story below

exits through the level under consideration),

2, Twenty-five per cent of the occupant load in the story

imraediately beyond the first adjacent story,

The maxiraum number of exits required for any story shall be

maintained until egress is provided from the structure. (See Section 3311).

37

For purposes of this Section, basements or cellars and occupied

roofs shall be provided with exits as required for stories, Floors

above the second story, baseraents and cellars used for other than

service of the building shall have not less than two exits,

(b) Width, The total width of exits in feet shall be not less

than the total occupant load served divided by 50, Such width of

exits shall be divided approxiraately equally araong the separate exits,

The total exit width required frora any story of a building shall

be determined by using the occupant load of that story, plus the

percentages of the occupant loads of floors which exit through the

level under consideration as follows:

1, Fifty per cent of the occupant load in the first adjacent

story above (and the first adjacent story below, when a story below

exits through the level under consideration),

2, Twenty-five per'cent of the occupant load in the story

immediately beyond the first adjacent story^

The maximimi exit width required from any story of a building shall

be maintained,

(c) Arrangement of Exits, If only two exits are required they

shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-fifth of

the perimeter of the area served raeasured in a straight line between

exits^ Where three or raore exits are required they shall be arranged

a reasonable distance apart so that if one becoraes blocked others will

be available,

(d) Distance to Exits, No point in an unsprinklered building shall

be more than one hundred and fifty feet (150') from an exterior exit

door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway or an enclosed stairway.

38

measured along the line of travel,

In a building equipped with a complete automatic fire-extin-

guishing system the distance from exits raay be increased to two

hundred feet (200').

Exits: Group C, Occupancies

Sec, 3317, (a) Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies, The width

of a corridor in a Group C Occupancy shall be the width required by

Section 3302 plus two feet (2') but no corridor shall be less than

six feet (6'),wide,

Corridor walls and ceilings shall be of not less than one-hour,

fire-resistive construction,

Exception: When each room used for instruction has at least one

exit door directly to the exterior at ground level and when rooms used

for assembly purposes have at least one-half of the required exits

directly to the exterior at ground level, one-hour fire-resistive

construction of corridor walls and ceilings is not required,

There shall be no change of elevation of less than two feet (2')

in a corridor or exterior exit balcony unless raraps are used,

(c) Stairs, Each floor above or below the ground floor level

shall not have less than two exit stairs and the required exit width

shall be equally divided between such stairs, provided that no stair

serving an occupant load of more than 100 shall be less than five feet

(5') in clear width,

Exception: This Subsection does not apply to rooms used for

maintenance, storage, and similar purposes.

39

(d) Doors, The width of exit doors from corridors, halls and

stairs shall be not raore than two feet (2') narrower than the width

required by Section 3317 (a).

Exit doors in school rooras having an occupant load of more than

20 shall swing in the direction of egress,

(e) Rooms Below Grade, One exit accessible to every room below

grade shall lead directly to the exterior at grade level,

(f) Panic Hardware, Exit doors frora rooms having an occupant

load of more than 100 and frora corridors shall not be provided with a

latch or lock unless it is panic hardware,

Towers and Spires

Sec, 3602, Towers or spires when enclosed shall have exterior walls

as required for the building to which they are attached. Towers not

enclosed and which extend raore than seventy-five feet (75') above grade

shall have their framework constructed of iron, steel, or reinforced

concrete, No tower or spire shall occupy more than one-fourth of the

street frontage of any building to which it is attached and in no case

shall the base area exceed sixteen hundred square feet (1600 sq, ft.)

unless it conforms entirely to the type of construction requirements

of the building to which it is attached and is limited in height as

a main part of the building, If the area of the tower or spire exceeds

one hundred square feet (100 sq, ft^) at any horizontal cross section,

its supporting frame shall extend directly to the ground. The roof

covering of spires shall be as required for the raain roof of the rest

of the structure,

Skeleton towers used as radio raasts and placed on the roof

40

of any building shall be constructed entirely of incorabustible

raaterials when raore than twenty-five feet (25') in height and shall

be directly supported on an incorabustible fraraework to the ground,

They shall be designed to withstand a wind load frora any direction

as specified in Section 2308 in addition to any other loads, (For

Lubbock it is 40 ra,p,h,)o

Motion Picture Projection Rooras

Sec, 4001 (a) The provisions of this Chapter shall apply only

where ribbon type raotion picture film in excess of seven-eighths-

inch (7/8") width and electric arc projection equipraent are used,

(b) Projection Roora Required, Every raotion picture raachine using

ribbon type film in excess of seven-eighths-inch (7/8") width and

electric arc projection equipment, together with all electrical devices,

rehostats, machines, and all such films present in any Group A, B, or

C Occupancy, shall be enclosed in a projection roora large enough to

perrait the operator to walk freely on either side and back of the

machine,

Sec, 4002, Every projection room shall be of not less than one-hour

fire-resistive construction throughout and the walls and ceilings shall

be finished with incombustible raaterial,

The ceiling shall be not less than eight feet (8') from the finished

floor, The room shall have a floor area of not less than eighty square

feet (80 sq, ft,) and forty square feet (40 sq, ft,) for each additional

machine,

SeCo 4003, Every projection room shall have at leaat two doorways

separated by not less than one-third the perimeter of the roora, each

41

at least thirty inches (30") wide and eighty inches (80") high,

All entrances to a projection roora shall be protected by a

self-closing fire assembly having a three-fourths-hour resistive

rating. Such doors shall open outward and lead to proper exits

as required in Chapter 33 and shall not be equipped with any latch,

The maximum width of such door need be no more than thirty inches (30")

Sec, 4006, (a) Shelves and Fixtures, All shelves, fixtures,

and fixed equipment in a projection room shall be constructed of

incombustible materials,

(b) Films, All films not in actual use shall be stored in raetal

cabinets having individual corapartraents for reels or shall be in 1,0,0,

shipping containers, Metal used in the construction of cabinets shall

be not less than No, 18 U, S, Standard guage, No solder shall be used

in the construction of such raetal cabinets.

<

X

2 UJ a a <

^

C=Z]

24 I I

o 1 1

21 I I

42

1111.

Reel to Reel Car t , Recorder

15 32

Car t , Player Reel to Reel

TS rr

OOOOO ooo O

I 121L

Control Panel

43

o

J5ÍL

OOOQOOOOO

ooooooooo

2 1 "

• ^ ^ i ^ ^ I L

22"

(2) Turntable

18" 19"

(2) Teletype

ID

X

2 ui a a <

_Q1

O

(1) V,T,R,

44

24"

5 Closed Circuit VTR and (3) Controls

(1) V,T,R,

4^

o

45

ÍM • J B ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S S S S ^ ^ ^ H

55" 34 I I

o

3 '

(208) Video Tape

<yi ) H

tr (130) Video Tape

1%"

n'S V.T-R- KlprfrnnirQ (50) Film

00

46

00

I 20" 1 20 f ^" i é8 I I 1 20" 1 24" I (1) Transmitter

i 17 II

m

i o

o o

<1-

(4) Ocilloscopes

92" 47

\

D

(1) Film Island

ÍL •

70"

A2 II

<î

1 Color Film Chain

n

21" + 36 II 24'

Camera Control

m

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•

32 11

Q

24'

00

48

34" ^

Audio Control

22" 21" 21" 44" I o co

Video Control

u X

2 UJ a a <

APPENDIX C 49

The foUowing is an estimate of the n«nber and sizes of spaces

needed by the radio and television personnel.

Radio Sq. Ft,

740

240

160

196

96

64

64

2 15' X 24' studio, 360'

2 10' X 12' control rooms, 120'

1 8' X 12' carrier current broadcast studio 96

2 8' X 10' production studios, 80'

14' X 14' group production room

6' X 8' lab production studios, 48'

1 8' X 8' newsroom

1 8' X 8' wireroom

1 8' X 10' transmitter room 80

1 8' X 10' storage and supply room 80

1 30' X 40' library 1,200

1 30 capacity radio-sound lab 1,000

1 8' X 8' engineering supply room 64

1 12' X 10' equipment repair and service room 240

5 8' X 10' offices; faculty advisor, manager, program director, engineer, news editor, 80' 400

1 20' X 24' office facility for continuity,

traffic, bookkeeping 480

1 10' X 12' reception area 120

Total 4,940

These figures are based upon the use of one FM studio on the air and

one carrier current studio available for the air, It is felt that

• 50

the number of studios that are shown can support both stations and

academic laboratories, The office space is based upon personnel

including a faculty advisor, 4 teaching assistants, 4 student staff

positions, and student staff members, We anticipate approximately

250 telecommunications majors for 1980,

51

Television

Quan, Description Sq. Ft,

1 TV Color Studio, 50' x 60' 3,000

1 TV Studio, 50' X 60' 3,000

1 nstructional Studio, 40' x 50' 2,000

1 Studio/Classroom, 20' x 40' 800

1 Master Control Room, 30' x 40' 1,200

1 nstruct. Control Room 180

1 Studio/Classroom Control, 12' x 15' 180

1 Prop Shop and Storage, 40' x 70' 2,800

1 Prop Room, 20' x 30' 600

1 Engineer Storage, 20' x 30' 600

1 VTR/Projection Room, 30' x 40' 1,200

1 Engineer Work Space, 20' x 40' 800

1 Tape Storage Room, 20' x 30'

1 CCTV VTR Room, 20' x 40'

1 CCTV Tape Storage, 10' x 20'

1 Equipment Room, 20' x 20'

1 Air Conditioning Room, 20' x 20'

1 Film Processing Roora, 18' x 20'

1 Storage, 9' x 12'

1 Dark Room, 9' x 12'

1 Still Photo Process, 12' x 20' 3,320

1 Art Dept. Office, 16' x 20« 320

2 Film Edit Rooms, 8' x 12'

1 Film Equip. Storage, 10' x 12'

600

800

200

400

400

360

108

108

192

120

Quan. Description Sg, Ft,

1 Film and Tape-Rec. and Ship, 24' x 24' 576

8 Producer/Director Offices, 12' x 18' 1,728

Chief Engineer Office, 15' x 20' "300

Program Manager Office, 15' x 20' 300

Community Relations Office, 12' x 18' 216

Continuity and Traffic, 15' x 25' 375

TWX Equip. Room, 8' x 10' 80

Instruct, Coordinator Room, 12' x 18' 216

Development Office, 15' x 20' 300

:Promotion Office, 15' x 20' 300

Academic Liaison Office, 15' x 20' 300

Station Manager Office, 20' x 20' 400

Conference Room, 20' x 25'

Secretary Offices, 12' x 15'

Men's Dressing Room, 12' x 15'

Women's Dressing Room, 12' x 15

Green Room, 15' x 15' 225

Lobby, 25' X 35' ^^^

TV News Office, 20' x 20' ^OO

Observation Booth, 10' x 15' 150

Announce Booth, 6' x 6'

300 20 Closets, 3* X 5'

500

360

180

180

52

Total :31,585

53

FOOTNOTES:

1, The foregoing does not include mechanical rooras for air-conditioning

and heating,

2, The TV Color Studio will be for broadcast purposes, priraarily,

3, The second TV Studio will be for broadcast, the recording of

instructional prograras for closed circuit tv use on carapus, and

overflow frora the TV Color Studio and the Instructional Studio as

scheduling perraits or requires,

4, The Instructional Studio will be utilized by telecoramunications raajors,

5, The Studio Classroora will be used to tape or televise those lectures

which are to be given in a classroora situation, whether for broadcast

or closed circuit use, This studio raay also be used as a classroom

space for telecommunications majors and for siraple tv production

where space is not a raajor factor,

6, The offices for Producers/Directors, prior to obtaining a full corapleraent

of producers/directors for broadcast purposes, while not being used

by television, could be utilized for faculty offices as required should

this building be free-standing, separate frora the Mass Coramunications

Buildingo

7, A common building, to accoraodate both raass coramunications and broadcast

and closed circuit television facilities, should effect substantial

economies in the acquisition of electronic equipment, as corapared to

two separate buildings,

7B. Instructional Areas for Television Space

30,000 sq, ft. is being requested for the instructional television

30,000 courses

54

It is recommended that this amount of floor space be allocated

for instructional television and this time we would not be specific

as to each room justification.

0) UJ u a D

(0

SOURCES

(1) R, D. Whipple, Associate Director of ^h. TT Network; An Interview Conduct^H í °^^^^^W^stern Information W.I.N, Studios, ^onducted October 1972 and Tour of the

(2) Klive Kinghorn, Director of VTYr ™ T September and Ôctoberr g^^ ^ ™ " " ^ ' Interviews conducted

(3) D. M, Mcllroy Director of Continuing Education KTXT Tv Interview Conducted November, 1972. ''""^^^^on, KTXT-TV;

(4) John Henson, Station Mana&er vryr T\7 T ^ Facilities Conducted October'i™ ' '"'^^^^^^ "^ ^ ^ - °f

(5) Television Factbook (Television Digest, Washington D. C.), 1970.

(6) Dr.^Knall, English Department Lecturer, Interview Conducted October

^ ^ Octobef 972.^''^^''^ Department Chairman, Interview Conducted

^ ^ ^ork Shop and Forum 60. A Brochure on a Televised Series on Urban Communication; by Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 1971.

(9) Crosstalk, A Brochure on a Televised Series on Urban Comraunicaton-by Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 1972,

(10) People and Probleras. A Brochure on a Televised Series on Urban Communication; by Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 1972

(11) Budget of Texas Tech University 1971-1972,

(12) Code of Federal Regulations, United States Government, 1972.

(13) Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, United States Government 1972,

GENERAL NFORMATION SOURCES

Fundamentals of Television Murray Bolen, (Hollywood Radio Publishers, Hollywood, Cal,) 1960.

Television Production and Direction Wa ter K, Kinson (New York, Holt, Reinhart and Winston), 1965.

Television Transmitters and Transmission Harold E, Ennes (Indian-

apolis, H, W, Sams), 1971,

55

56

Bill Bland, Performer at KLBK Television/Radio, Intefview and Tour Conducted October 1972.

KSEL Radio/Television, Tour Conducted November 1972.

0) h 2 UJ 2

u

TABL:?; OP GONT-^RTS

I, Site Selection and ûevelopment 1

II. pianning Goncepts k

III. Ûesign Goncepts 10

IV. Structure ''3

ML V. Mechanical ^

1 " VI. Slides -^

UJ h ii

J l 'i\ L ^ l—í lMUJLJ|L_^L_ iJ^L , -7-=— —5 , ^ ^ i.'S»U>«l i ' r

S TE

The site for the teleinornmunications complex is the

section of the Texas Tech university campus shown on the

previous page in red. This is the site located between the

Plant Science building on the west, the Ag. Pavilion on the

east, and north of the pedestrian mall on tne south. (slide c)

The pedestrian mall will extend west from the new addition

of the Library, and terminating with the amphitheater on

the west across Plint Avenue, This site was selected from

a group of four possible locations set forth in the }rogram.

The locations were: 1. The site located in a cluster of

buildings bounded by the Biology Building, Sciencé Cuad-

rangle, Journalism Building and English Building. 2. The

possible site located be.tween the Givil and >iechanical

Engineering Building on the north and ioldin Hall or the

old Museum on the south. 3. The site located between the

Poreign Language and l ath Building on the east, the Architec-

ture/Art Building on the west, and is south of the pedestrian

mall. (see site section of program for further inforraation

on the sites not ohosen) and I4., The site chosen for the

project.

Although the site is not as close to the Mass Gomrauni-

cations Building, where other classes of telecommunications

major»s are located, as sites 15:2, this problem is off set

by the direct accessibility to the transmitters and tower.

to remain as is which is important if a functional break-

down occurs, its iDcation on the potentially beautiful

pedestrian mall, its central location in reference to acces-

sibility from the dormitories, and location on a major

traffic artery allong l^th street to remain as called for

on the campus master plan. The site is more centrally loc-

ated than site #3 in its relation to the campus as a v/hole

and its proximity to a very important nucleus of study; the

Library, The site is presently occupied by temporary build-

ings and is crossed by a service road extending from the

traffic artery, south and east to the east of the Library

and on to Boston Avenue, Both the temporary buildings and

the service road will be removed according to the project-

ions of the campus master plan. The only significant veí i-

tation near or on the site are the two very large evcrgreen

trees located just south of the Ag. Pavilion and will be

preserved.

The Telecorrii-mnic&ti;)ns building is located approximately

in the center of the site with the service road and ramp

to the building bein,:. located nearest the Plant Science build-

ing. Service is provided to the building below -round level

down a ramp frora a service court. T.iis is done to conceal

any unsightly s.ervice vehicles or services from sightlines

frora the pedestrian mall on the south. (slide j) 3ite devel-

opment will consist of vegitation such as grass and deciduous

trees in on grade landscaring. A .hicl: low maini.enance

ground cover and similar trees v;ill be used in raisad p ant-

ing areas used both in conjunction wi.h tho buildin^ and

the pedestrian mall. These raised planting areas are dis-

persed throuf;hout the recessed pedestrian mall and provida

pleasant seating areas for pedestrians.

The entrances to the building on the north and south

are raised 3* above grade and are reached from raised plazas,

Ramps on the south and ramps and stairs on the north provide

access to these plazas. Brick paver surfaccs on the stairs,

raraps, plazas and pedestrian mall provide a sense of unity

between the complex and the pedestrian mall. (slides j,k,l,m)

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PLANN NG

GONGEFT

In television and radio, acoustical isolation of some

spaces is very important. Because of this acousôical pro-

blem, two pianning concepts were considered. 'i e _'irst

was to locate all spaces needing acoustical isolation such

as television and radio studios in a cluster, and placing

noise generators outside this core, The other was to separ-

ate the functions requiring quiet and have two clusters of

studios. Because of the intersecting circulation paths the

former concept was abandoned. The intersection of circulation

paths could cause serious circulation congestion at these

points. 'i'feen the facilities are separated, this allows them

to function independently of each other and not interfere

with the operation of the other. The classroom, office,

lobby, and display areas were separated, rather than inter-

spersed for the same reasons.

SPAGE REQU RÆ^NTS

PHOTQGRAPHY

(slide g) It was Isarned that facillties allowin-

the initiation of a photography degree would be desirable.

With the current number of students in photography courses

and the projected growth of the Texas Tech student body

of ÔOO per year, the ntmiber of students in such a program

in 1988 would be approxlmately 175. Facilities required

for this nurabor of photography students would include individ-

ual dark rooras (15) for the processing of negatives, grou -

black and white print and enlargement labs (3) with twelve

enlargers each and lighted only with safelights, color

print and enlargement (3) with three enlargers each, a

finishing: room containing print washers, dry mounting presses,

print dryers, and other equipment required to complete the

photographic art process, a chemical storage room, studios

(1 each) for stlll photography and filra photography not done

in the television studios, filra procossing labs (3)» film

editing studios (2) with seating for from 6-10 for consult-

ation, and a photographic gallery on the ground floor for

the display of student work. The gallery is shown on the

elevations (slides j,k) as the glass walled area on the

east end of the building. (slide h)

:iADIO

The group of radio facilities is located on the west

o

end of the ground floor ^•ihinh an ioor .mich allows casual observatlon of

the production studios by peo.le usin, or Just pas3Íng through

the building. (slide h,q) ihis cluster of facilities incl-

udes a News/Gontinuation room for the productlon or broad-

cast of news spots and for tho writing of co.tinuation for

radio programs or productions, and equipment storage for the

radio and television news tearas is located in this room,

a record and tape library with facilities for the preview

of tapes and records, studios (1 each) for radio broadcast

and a cable studio for broadcast to the dormitories, a

large studio/classroom for the production of programs that

require large numbers of people or equipment and to provide

a sound studio to review productions done by students, and

production studio/control rooms (3) for student productions.

The number of production rooms was arrived at by considering

the number of productions required in the year 19oÔ (i|.5/

week), the time required for the avera^e oroduction (2

hours), and the number of hours a studio can be usod per

week (30), thus the nuraber 3. These studios are not only

used for production of useful material but for the instruct-

ion of telecommunication students in equipment operation

and broadcast techniques.

TELEVISION

The television facility cluster is located in the

.es southwest -oortTon of tho ,-.--!* ^ .

. ux u_on oi tne buildmg cnd is :;iostly t./o stori.

in height. (slides g,h,o) The full hei.nt beinr: usod In the

three television suudios to provide adequa e heisht in these

spaces as discussed in the progi-am. The facility includes

an ample control room on the lower level to c llow for stud-

ent observation of the operation of the eouipraent and con-

trols, a property shop and storage area serviced from the

sunken service court, the art directors office adjaccnt to

the prop shop, an electronics shop and storage close to the

service door, a Oreen room on the first level -jith dressin î

rooms, rest rooms and a wardrobe room above on the second

level, a video tape recorder room with a highly controled

environment to protect the video machinery located here,

a storage room for the video tapes and films (enough for

75 complete classes), photographic facilities for the oro-

cessing of film. and photographs, editing spaces for film

and vldeo tape, and production studios for the video tape

recording of lectures (2), ' e number of studios -..'as arrived

at to allow approxiuately 30 lectures to be recorded per

week (l5/studio). Three television studios are used as:

one for the use of the university television station which

can be combined with one of the other studios to rorn a

much larger studio, and tvío for the projected 3:'0 telecom-

raunications majors in 198b. A casual observation area is

provided on the second level ovcrlooking the television

Ô

studios.

OFF G: S

Twftnty offices were provided for in the building with

two conference rooms, (slide i) The offices were designed

for the clerical work required of the administrators of the

radio and television stations who periodically need a larger

raeeting sioace for conferences, and the instructors reouir. d

for the photography courses,

GLASSROOMS

The classrooms (12) were designed v;ithout líindows for

two reasons. (slides i,s) Pirst to prevent any unnecessary

distractions to the students or teachers and ,3econd,but

most iraportantly because these classrooms were designed for

televised lectures controled from each individual room.

Glassrooras are of different sizes to accomodate up to 25-30

students while creating an unusual brealc from the traditional

classroora .entrance.

V/AITING

A waiting area wa3 provided on "che second and third

floors separating the offices and classrooms. (slides i,r)

This waiting area will be used by students who have ai rived

early to their class and must wait untill their class begins,

and by those persons wishing to visit v.'ith an ad.-:inistrator

or Instructor in nis office,

MULTI-MEDIA

Two 88 seat multi-media rooms are provided nov: only

for the telecommunications department but for other depart-

raents on campus as well, (slide h) These auditoriums have

the capability of projecting films, slides, video tape or

closed circuit television on a screen that every one in the

auditorium may view simultaneously, A public address system

will be included to alløw commentary on the projected images.

or i n s t r u c t o r i n h i s o f f i c e ,

TjnTLT -HED A

Two 88 s e a t mul t i -media rooms are provided n o . only

for the t e lecommunica t ions department but for o ther depa r t -

ments on cainpus as w e l l , ( s l i d e h) These auditoriums have

the c a p a b i l i t y of p r o j e c t i n g f i l m s , s l i d e s , video tape or

closed c i r c u i t t e l e v i s i o n on a screen tha t every one in the

auditorium may view s imul taneous ly , A Tjublic address system

wil l be i n c l u d e d t o al løw commentary on the p ro jec ted images,

C)

or instructor in his office,

L ULTI-MEDIA

Two 88 seat multi-media rooms are provided no- only

for the telecommunications departraent but for other depart-

raents on campus as well, (slide h) These auditoriums have

the capability of projecting films, slides, video tape or

olosed circuit television on a screen that every one in the

auditorium may view simultaneously, A public address system

will be included to alløw commentary on the projected images,

or instructor in his office,

i- ULTI-MEDIA

Two 88 seat multi-media rooms are orovided noc only

for the telecommunications department but for other depart-

ments on campus as well, (slide h) These auditoriums have

the capability of projecting films, slides, video tape or

closed circuit television on a screen that every one in the

auditorium may view simultaneously, A public address system

will be included to alløw commentary on the projected images.

2

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D5SIGN

PORM

A siraple basic form was chosen for the telecor.imuni-

cation building for three roasons. (slides j,k,l,m) Pirstly

the uncluttered and clean forri of the buildin^ providos a

pleasing contrast and visual relief from the hirhly dotailed

and eclectic existing buildings on the campus, a ritting

effect dramatizing the advanced commiinication system it

houses. Secondly it creates intrest v;ith its in.ass composit-

ion rather than clever details that are not seen as such

untill the viewer is too close to view the building as a

whole. The window-less i alls of the television studios

were reoessed below grade to prevent thelr combined masses

from overpowering the coirrposition. This featuro also allo' s

the service to be below grade as discussed earlior, The

classroom and office towers rise three floors above the

courtyard, and the entrances are between the towers in the

vertical glass areas contrasting the solid massing of the

surrounding walls, These glass entrances are continued

the full height of the building face and are glazod on

the top providing a sense of openess on the inside. (slide

n) The oval windows at the office section provide an unusual

break with the over used round ai'ch on the other canpus

buildings but blends rather than contrasts .jith the existing

arch usage. The windows also serve to show fror. the exterior

11

that the function chanpes foT.TT, v. «n ^^n^es lorm .n . clasGroom section to zhc

office areas which are similar in nass. At .he pno.o raohic

gallery an all glass wall. was used to acLait n.tural li.;ht,

it was recessed i,t under the u.per story to shade the sur-

face itself, and to provide views out of the gallory inter-

mittently between the display panels. Thirdly the si nple

form was chosen for ÍLS economy bocause of the very expensive

equipraent that must be included in the í'acility.

MATEHIALS

The major exterior material used on the coi.pl:;x is

face brick of a color similar to the color used on the adj-

acent buildings. (slides k,j,l,m) Face bricl: was chosen because

of its durability against weather, and to provide an aes-

thetic tie with the bulk of the campus coloration. This

would extend the continuity of the carnpus buildinj: iiatei'ial,

conforming to the campus to continue its existance as a

campus rather than an evolution into merely a collection

of unrelated buildings.

Tinted glass, when viewed form the exterior appears

very dark, was chosen to create a sharp contrast with the

lightly colored brick to focus attention on the two entran-

ces, the oval windows, and the photographic gallery. (slides

j,k,l,m) The contrasting coloration of the vertical entrance

area would tend to define the entrance and dr:.v; the vie./er's

12

attention visually into the building.

Pinish materials on the in>3ri;r of -ciic radio and tele-

vision studios are short pile carpetin. r on uhG floors to

absorb sound but still allow equipment to be :.ovcd around

easily, and sprayed acousLÍc matierial on lu; walls f r sound

absouption. The entrance flooring naterial will be •Ai.c

brick pavers used on the elevated plazas. Caroet .mc vinyl

wall coverings are to be uscd on the floors and interior

partitions of the classroom and office suciions, to orovide

quiet circulation of traffic and a maintainablo surface on

the walls subject to soiling.

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STRUGTURE

In the two vertical towers conoaininj tno pnotograpnic

facilities, offices, radio studios, an.i classrooms a column

spacing of 214.» on center allows a concrete pan formed joist

system to be used for the floor structure with the necessapy

mechanical ducts between the structure and suspended ceiling,

At the waiting areas, concrete beams span the 1|0« between

the two towers with a similar pan joist floor syste.i spauining

between the beams. All pan joists will be 18" deep with the

remaining 30" being used for raechanical, At the television

studios where longer spans are required, concrete coluions,

beams, and 2i|." deep prestressed double tees . Jurtain walla

are constructed with the previously discussed face brick

and concrete block back-up reinforced with netal masonry 1

tles. (slides e,f)

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MEGHANiaAL

Heating and coolin,- for the building is aupru ied by

the central plant on the campus with sLe..i and cnilled vater.

The supply is from a tunnel on the north side of 15th street.

A secondary tunnel must be constructed under I5th street

to service the building.

The building operates under a forced air system -..'ith

the seaXed areas above each room (except television otudios)

acting as a return air collection plenum with a return air

duct leading from this plenum back to the mechanicil room

in the below grade level. Supply for the television studios

is above the lighting grid on the ground level ceiling.

Return for the studios is below the floor of th studios

to provide as much air circulation as possible to cool the

intense heat producing studio lights and other electrical

equipment.

The mechanical room in the basement is renotely located

from the studios for noise purposes and serves the rest of

the building through two vertical chases, one behind the

elevators and one at the north side of the large television

studio. (slide f) Presh air is supplled for the building

through the area way adjacent to the mechanical room for the

removal or instalation of large pieces of mechanical equip-

ment.

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