A symboi in philately : thè Cross of Lorraine

PER VLIEGTUIGPAR AVIOM

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A. symboifor those who bave thè keyto understanding ti, is something that

immediately communicates tojourmina its significante.

Plan of exhibitTide and pianIntxoductìon : symbologyGenesisThe adoption of die symboiOn stamps and cancellationsSymbol of freedom and resistance of a peopleCinderella alongside thè fcanking

page 1 (1 sheet)page 2 (1 sheet)page 3 (2 sheets)page 5 (1 sheet)page 6 (6 sheets)page 12 (3 sheets)page 15 (2 sheets)

Introduction : svmboloev

In order to communicate something, it is necessary that a symbol is very clear, instantly recognizableand univocally associable to what it represents.

2.80PANMARK

The carnet star, appearìng in thè sky durìng Chrìst'sbirth, that ivas later identified by astwnomer ìialley.

Sìgn language

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ENTE NAZIONALE IDROCARBURIP.LE ENBiè'q. MATTE!, »

ROMA '"CAP. 00)44

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The six-footed dog associated to thè "Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi "

The varìous emblems ofthe International Red Cross : thè red cross, thè red crescent(Islamic States), thè red lion with thè sun (Iran)

Symbols have always been used in medicai and, in thè same way, in philatelic concern.

TÙRKÌYEI* Mi-ji.s.

:

Symbol ofthe branchof "pharmacology" :venom of thè snakecalled by Greeks'Jarmacon", coilinground a cuppreparedfor therapy.

The rad ofAsclepius, God ofMedicine inGreek ttiythology.

The rod ivreathed with a snake symboli^ere-birth andfertility; thè rod acts like a crutch.

StyK^ed symbol meaning disability

Genesis

Thanks to thè Duke Godfrey of Bouillon (1060-1100), thèCross of Lorraine became a symbol displayed on thè flagduring thè Fkst Crusade (1096-1099) and for this reasonwas named like thè region thè Duke ruled, exactly Lorraine.

BE/IAPYCKAMUAPKBbl

It direcdy comes from thè cross known as"patriarchar', which itself is a variation of thèchristìan cross.

Chrìstian Cross and Patriarchal Cross

(naHMenoBaiwe Mecia, rjje naxoAHTcn noMTa,jife«racTHHanMeHOBanne XSjSioii jopora)

( y Ji H u a, ì'&r A O M a H K a a p T H p

. . .( n f l j ^ p o S H o e H a a M e H O B a B H e a j p e c a r a )

Adpec omnpaeumeAfi:/

Stamped envelope issued durìng German occupation of Russia, durìng II World War, with thè overprint 'LUCA".The 60+40 kop issue depictingpatrìarchal cross and thè Virgin with child belongs, together with thè two otherpieces,to a locai prìnting in thè small town ofPleskau that issued these stamps on August 1941, valid until Aprì! 1942,when they were replaced with those of thè german occupation overprìnted 'OSTLAND". The extra charge was tohelp thè locai nursery school. Russian troops reconquered thè town in i 944.

Genesis

Continuous rolled carnei on a letter : image ofSaint Stephen and Patriarchal Cross

OCIXVd SLCSVaHPRePORODCVSVl̂ STODUU U SPH^ 1050 GODISNJICU

KPAJbEBHHA jyFOC^ABHJAKRAUEVINA JUOOSLAV1JAROYAUME DE YOUOOSLAV1E

PDHCHimA-DOPlSHlCACARTE POSTALE

Cena !•— din.

Postai cara ofYugos/avia : Saints Cyrìl and Methodius with "prìestly stick " in patriarchal cross shape

OZENT ISTVÀNEMLÉKÉV

1O38 ~ 1938

J" /̂ issued on thè occasion ofthe 900th anniversary from thè death ofSaint Stephen

The adoption of thè svmbol

The adoption of thè symbol in thè fight against tubercolosis dates twenty years afterRobert Koch discovery of tubercolosis bacterium in 1882.

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On thè occasion off he 100th anniversary from bis birth

During thè Fkst International Conference on Tubercolosis, Berlin 1902, it wassuggested to adopt thè cross as a symbol of thè ^crusade" against disease to remember

Godfrey of Boullion, leader of thè first Crusade.

Gefunòlieitsfulwungisti Seut[ctitn Dolhcs

Robert

bertebenùen

dieSeebadJ dichfbiziSeebadhaf i

Slcape tiausnummer, 6cbdubeleil5lo*mech

: benefactor ofGerman people " Postai Cara issued by thè Free-State ofGdansk

On stamps and cancellations

Sersiron recommendation was adopted and since than thè Cross ofLorraine is thè symbol of fight against tubercolosis. Belgium from thèvery beginning issues stamps with extra charge and with particularcancellations.

First Be/gian issue prò antitubercolom actions and disabled soldiers 15.12.1925

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VIA AIR MAIL \ addressed to Lakew//e Sanatorìum in Massachusetts-U.SA.franked with 10.12.1954 issue

RAS DESOUHAITSSANS TIMB

GEEN5NSCHEN

rtDERItGZEiELS

buy antitubercolosis stamps 15.12.1952-14.02.1953 "nogreetings without antituberculosis postmark"durìng Christmas time

EMPLOYE;LES TIMBRANTITUBERCULÌ

1 OEC. -

"use antitubercolosis stamps 1 Decernber-15 Jamtary"stamps issmd in 1935 to commemorate Queen Astrid death, dearly beloved by herpeople

andprematurelj dead in a car acddent.

On stamps and cancellations

Stamps, supporting thè fight against tubercolosisdepictìng thè Cross of Lorraine as a symbol, wereissued during thè years by innumerable postaiadministrations together with overprints on previousissues. Interesting are slogan cancels too.

IfllVM.TT-K'-». 5000

S O S T E N E T E ILD O N O S V I Z Z E R O

C O N T R O LAT U B E R C O L O S I !

U N T E R S T U T Z TDIE . :

S C H W E I Z E R I S C H ET U B E F K U L O S E ;

S P E N D E ! :

Aide suisseatixtuberculeuxetl

sllmaladaspuìmonaires

Greece Swiss slogan in thè three country officiai languages

Jugoslavia Jugoslavia JUGOSLAVIJAu o»SK«.ovie .

Jugoslavia

THi PCST OFFICE fr C1V1L SERVICESAHATqRIUM SOCIETYBI-6NNIALCQNPEH1NCI8 &1AY 1971

LLANDUDNOCAERNARVONSHIRE

UnitedKingdom

ìreland

Romania Fin/and Hungary

fi^ tor*.̂

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On stamps and cancellations

I V '£9 N O V ,

/9C& X

S U P P O R T YUNG ASSOCIAI i OH

U.S-A: "Fighi TB Supportyour TE Association " U.S^Ì. : " Use Christmas sea/s "

?fa 2óUO Fiso 2oC I U D A D

Argentine : " Using thè shield WE WILL WN "

Argentine : " Giveyour contrìbution to thefight against tuberculosis "

$450

On stamps and cancellations

t EGYPT

»5fZ

1882.1932

K n u u t :> I A &J M Y A S A L A N D

; KARIBA! f V-•«."?-»-

Ivory Coast Rhodesia : "Stamp out tuberculosis. Buy Chrìstmas seals "

;H£±PTFI<£TUBERCULOSIS

ZAIRE 9,60Z

LIOO"™ ANNIVERSAIRE DE LA DECOUVEFtTEOU BACILLE DE LA TUBERCULOSE

Zaire

Philippines: "Helpfighttuberculosis "

Rimanda

REPOBLIKA DEMOKRATIKA MALAGASY

/>' Islands - Antituberculosis Campaign Madagascar China

^ /-B'WWORLD HE

<N7I TB I SUlTOmill DittiEL-BACHEli

100 L IBAN

Lebanon

Dubai : " World Health Daj - Antituberculosis Campaign "

On stamps and cancellations

Spain, adopting thè symbol, gave it a postai value.

The "National Tuberculosis Foundation (PNA) " was created on 20 December 1936 and, by decree No. 202 ofthePostai Administration subscribed in Salamanca on 28 January 1937, it was decided to issue officiai stamps, overprìdngthem, in arder to raise moneyfor PNA; a doublé postage items was allowed on 10 each month. This contributed to thèissue of thè first affidai stamp in support of thè fight against tuberculosis. Thereafter thè decree No. 431 dated 11December 1937 allowed surchargingfrom 22 November to 3 January eachyear.

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SRES. Hijoa de G. GarrefSo

L U N A H a 3

JCARLOS DELGADO DE CÓS

DOS HERMANAS

Letterfrom Dos Hermanas to Seville dated 28 December 1937 mth a postage of45 centimos andmilitarj censormark.The postage included thè first antituberculosis stamps issued on 23 December 1937 of 10 centimos

CORMOS = 1949-1930

COKItiOS 1949-1950

COIIRIO» = 1949-1950

Issues dated 1949-50

shifted hori^pntalperforation and Cross ofLorraine out ofthe àrde

absence ofthe Cross ofluorraine

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Textiles -Sepdlveaa 173

_Int_erior

Symbol of freedom and resistance of a people

Always a symbol of Resistance of thè French people against thè invader, thè Cross of Lorraine carneback onto thè battle field at thè end of thè Second World war as thè emblem of Free France and ofthè government-in-exile leaded by generai De Gaulle.

POSTE SPECIALE

F.F.I. In thè aftermath of liberation thanks to french and allied troops,together with "Forces Francaises de l'Interieur" (FFI), it was sent outa communication ordering to overprint ordinary issues, particulaiy thosedepicting marsbal Pétain. The validity period was from July 1944 toOctober 1945. Among various overprints there is that one with thèCross thè Lorraine. Overprints are classified according to thè piace inwhicb they bave been rekased. Ifjou consider affidai and semioffidaloverprints there are 51, whereas 81 are private ones

Location "Paris"Itype — 20 August 1944 — with image ofGeneral De Gaulle issued by FFI

3SIHONVÌdzl I

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u~. (~~s ^o o £•

r- SI 53 O-qs !f.g_

Army letter cardfree. On thè back thè Cross ofLarraine — 8 August 1915

Location "Lille"1 september 1944printingfaults

Ijocation "Provins" september 1944

Perftn with thè Cross ofLatrarne on "mareshal

Pétain" issue- 1941/42

Symbol of freedom and resistance of a people

Postai mail coming out from Lebanese territory, occupied by french Liberation Troops, leaded byGeneral Cattoux. It has thè symbol of Resistance in thè censor mark CP (Contròie Postai).

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BEYROUTH - LlBANTÉL. 55- 1O

In ISngUah

AMERICAN CKEWING IRCDUCTS CORPORATION139 MT. PIEASAWT AVENUEKERARK 4, N. J.U. S. A.

Symbol of freedom and resistance of a people

Eastern Europe has always been a troubled area : invaded and oppressed states, rebelling peoples,and thè Cross of Lorraine often was acquired as a symbol.

The next day thè disintegration of thè Austro-HungarianEmpire, defeated at thè end of World War I, thè borders ofthè Kingdom of Hungary were defined by thè Treaty ofTrianon and Slovakia territory becarne part of thè new state"Czechoslovakia".On 20/611933 Hungary issued (valid until 31/12/1936) two airmail stamps wichwere basically a protest against thè lost territory of Slovakia because of thè Trianonagreement. The stamp pictures a piane with thè words "justice for Hungary" and aslovak hungarian cryingfor help together with a cross of lorraine. Letters hearing thesestamps are refused by thè checkpost with a sticker "not admitted"..

On thè contrary Slovakia, that always considered itself anextraneous body inside Czechoslovakia,tried several tirnes to lift itself up againfrom subjection.At flrst under Austro-Hungariandomination and then forcedly put together

with Bohemia and Moravia in order toforni Czechoslovakia. It took thè chancegiven by Hitler on 1939 and proclaimed itsindipendence even if during thè period ofthè war it was a "puppet" state in thèhands of Germany.

Opening of Slovak Parliament on 18]anuary 1939SheetMargin — Piace KH

D. 12V2 D10V2 D 10y2-12y2Unissued— Diffennt perforations

Supporter of Slovakia indipendence, thè priest Andre)Hlinka, who founded in 1913 thè Slovak People's Party

* 0 * t r f135

At thè beginning,as it often occurs,Czechoslovakianissues were used.

1929 overprinted "Slovensky Stat 1939"

Czechoslovakian issue with a continuous rolled canee I to celebrate thefirst PresidentTomas Garrigue Masaryk

Josef Tiso, Hlinka's successor. He was thèfirst President of thènew-born IndipendentSlovakia Republic.Collaboratìonist withNazi regime, he wasconvicted and hanged atthè end of thè war.

Overpricingfor "childhood aid" 1993 - Second RepublicThe symbol becomes national emblem and is depicted on thè officiaiflag ofthe neiv-born state.

Cinderella alongside thè franking

On postai mai! we can often find in addition to ordinary postage fee, unofficial sealsissued on thè occasion of particular campaigns of fund-raising, with a propagandistìc

target or as simple seals.

EXPOSITION INTERNATIONALE

DU CINQUANTENAIRE

DE LA FONDATION

DU TIMBRE ANTITUBERCULEUX

TIMBRE 'ANTIfUBERCULEUX

According to thè story on a night of December 1903 a Danish postai clerk, EinarHolboel, developed thè idea of adding an extra charitable stamp to gather funds forneedy children : thus Christmas seals appeared for thè first time and antituberculosis

seals too are included in this category

Cinderella alongside thè franking

FranceNational Committeeagainst Tuberculosis

1931 typell

It differs because oftheimage of whiteflowers on

thè lawn whmas in type Ithè detail lacks

BREVKOR-CARTE POSTALE

$VA -^^Wc^i^H

Italjl^etter mai!08.11.1954

First rate L. 25

Alongside a stampregarding thè 16^

antituberculosiscampaign of1953

Avv. PROF. GIOVANNI PAVONE^"

C A T A N I A

VIA GARIBALDI, 97 - TELEF. 12-9O7

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oeux souspourlasante ;

SwedenPostai Stationary witk thè

seal a/1924 campaignillustration withfourChristmas cantors, a

caneellation postmark dated21 December 1924