a sustainable building. myths and...

A sustainable building. Myths and reality.

20 Nov. 2014

Building Technology Development Centre 1

A sustainable building. Myths and reality. Questions to be answered

•  What is sustainable building?

•  What sustainable building myths do we have nowadays?

•  What global realities and challenges do we face nowadays?

•  What should we do to tackle global challenges?


What is sustainable building? Three main pillars of sustainability

•  Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland Commission, 1987)

•  Accordingly, sustainable building should address namely social, environmental and


economic aspects, while at the same time meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

ENV SOC ECO

Sustainability

What is sustainable building? Sustainability position and standards


Technical requirements

Functional requirements

ENV SOC ECO

Sustainability

EuroCodes

Commercial EAS CEN/TC350

What is sustainable building? CEN/TC 350 Sustainability of Construction Works


EPD

EAS

Commercial EAS

What sustainable building myths do we have nowadays?

•  Sustainable building is expensive •  Sustainable building does not deliver added value •  Sustainable building is not required by the market

...but before clarifying the myths

WHAT GLOBAL CHALLENGES DO WE FACE NOWADAYS?


ENV SOC ECO

Sustainability

Natural hazards

What global challenges do we face nowadays? Environment


Waste

Water

Overconsumption Pollution/ GHG

ENV

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Natural hazards

•  Natural hazards (earth-quakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, wildfires etc.) are underestimated, and sometimes can result to very expensive manmade mistakes

•  We should spend more time in planning and early design phase (through integrated design approach) in order to well estimate the risks as well as save the total building costs

•  Use robust building structures (hard-wearing, not vulnerable, easy maintainable/ washable, withstanding solar radiation, water (rain, flood), wind, fire etc.


Natural hazards

ENV

Source: BREEAM

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Water

•  Drinking water is limited

•  Use water with care during building’s construction –  In factories –  On site

•  Use water with care during building’s operation –  Saving features –  Leak detection –  Use of rain water etc.


ENV

Water

Environmental Index of Buildings (MIG)Building regulation level

Environmental Index of Buildings (MIG)“High Tech” level

Environmental Index of Buildings (MIG)0-energy level

Material Energy WaterLEGEND

MIG1000MIG240 MIG500

1%

1% 2%

48%50% 100%

0%16%

83%

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Overconsumption

•  Globaly, we are consuming more than we have

•  Importance of materials is increasing and may surpass energy

•  Use primary materials with care


Source: http://www.nibe.org/assets/images/content/user/files/0-materialen%20(NIBE).pdf

Overconsumption

ENV

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Waste

•  Importance of materials, their use, reuse and recycling from environmental impact point of view is increasing

•  Follow the principle of Waste hierarchy


Waste

ENV

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Pollution/ GHG

•  Consider environmental impacts of whole building’s life cycle, e.g. eCO2 + oCO2

•  Environmental impact or prevention costs are determined and considered

Building Technology Development Centre

12

Pollution/ GHG

ENV

Source: Stichting Bouwkwaliteit , 01-11-2011” Bepalingsmethode Milieuprestatie Gebouwen en GWW-werken”

Performance

What global challenges do we face nowadays? Economic


Financial crisis Too focused on CAPEX

Responsible business Energy

ECO

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Responsible business

•  Key of sustainable building is fair, transparant and responsbile business

•  Products and raw materials for construction have to have a responsible source, i.e. –  all transport, extraction and

production processes in the supply chain have to minimize their damage to the environment

–  treat people involved fairly by described, transparent and verifiable data


Responsible business

ECO

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Energy

•  Buildings account for almost 40% of all energy related GHG emissions

•  Minimise the use of energy and increase the share of renewables. If fossil energy is used, use it with precision

•  Use systems and constructions supporting the use of renewables –  Low temperature heating, high

temperature cooling systems –  Solar integration into building products

•  Use reliable, durable passive systems –  Passive cooling (thermal mass) –  Solar shading, etc. Building Technology Development Centre 15

Energy

ECO

EU 20-20-20 policyDirective2010/31/EU

Performance

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Performance

•  Building sector lack of evidence/ as designed building performance

•  Recognise and encourage an appropriate level of building commissioning that is carried out in a co-ordinated and comprehensive manner, thus ensuring optimum performance under actual occupancy conditions


ECO

Source: TermoDeck

Source: Tàdo

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Financial crisis

•  Financial crisis is good time to change, start doing things differently

•  ...including the public sector too –  Support the innovation by subsidies

and other means –  Show good examples, be first ones

implementing innovative projects


ECO

Financial crisis

•  Accordingly, most public building projects should include certain amount of innovative features

•  This would stimulate industry to innovate new technologies, which accordingly would –  Create jobs –  Place country in a better competitive position –  Create wealth and long-term growth

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Too focused on CAPEX (Capital Expenditures/ Investment)

•  Commonly too much focus on low initial price results to poor quality building

•  Consider total life cycle costs (LCC) –  Building material and Construction –  Operation –  Maintenance –  Demolition –  Etc.

•  LCC is good tool when choosing between refurbishment and rebuilding –  See all major benefits of rebuilding

in the next slide Building Technology Development Centre 18

Too focused on CAPEX

ECO

Source: TermoDeck

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Too focused on CAPEX (consider LCC)

•  Considering re-building instead of refurbishing allows

–  Getting a real solution, not a mere band-aid

–  Improving social integration

–  Taking advantage of modern technologies and systems

–  Getting the most cost-effective solution for the long term

–  Increasing competitiveness through innovation in sustainable construction (European policy “Lead Market Initiative”) Building Technology Development Centre 19

Too focused on CAPEX

ECO

Source: BIBM “Drivers for a responsible choice”)

What global challenges do we face nowadays? Social


Affordability

Health

Population Comfort

Knowledge

SOC

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Knowledge

•  There is lack of knowledge how to build sustainable buildings

•  True sustainable development is still considered by many to be too hard or too expensive (usually because of resistance to change or lack of understanding), the vast majority of projects are designed to meet minimum requirements only

•  The challenge is how to penetrate every-day projects with sustainability principles (which as “everything should be made as simple as possible but not simpler”)


SOC

Knowledge

Source: http://benpadley.com/2011/08/24/keep-it-simple-stupid/

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Health

•  We spend up to 90% of our time indoors

•  Buildings become more insulated and air-tight

•  Thus, use non-toxic, non-hazardous materials


SOC

Health

Source: www.asiagreenbuildings.com

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Population

•  World population is significantly increasing (already >7 billion)

•  Sustainable buildings must therefore –  support a healthy economy, –  maximise the efficient use of resources

and energy, and most importantly –  provide quality of life and offer

flexibility to cater for user changes in the future

•  …therefore we should consider building flexible and adaptable buildings in order we could meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs


Population

SOC

Source: VBI

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Affordability

•  Affordable buildings are needed

•  Provide simple solutions/ details (KISS principle)

•  Passive house in Vara (SE) just with 5% extra costs but much lower energy bill


SOC

Affordability

Source: Strangbetong

What should we do to tackle global challenges? Comfort

•  Occupant (human asset) productivity of any office enterprise is 90% or more of the costs of doing business

•  Thus, provide high visual, thermal and acoustic comfort

•  Consider thermal comfort – operative temperature, instead of air temperature only –  Air temperature –  Air velocity –  Mean surface radiant temperature

•  Do not forget considering thermal mass, which helps increasing health & thermal comfort –  No drought –  Even temperature distribution –  No dust


Comfort

SOC

Source: Cythemadim

Indoor temperature (˚C)

Red

uced

pro

duct

ivity

(%)

Breaking the myths Sustainable building is expensive

•  What does economic sustainability means? –  The use of various strategies for employing existing resources optimally so

that a responsible and beneficial balance can be achieved over the longer term (www.businessdictionary.com)

•  How much return/ profit can be expected by a business, which is done in a sustainable way? –  Sustainable business implies that there are reasonable profits on a

medium/ longer time scale

•  Investment in sustainable building offers a long term return over the whole life time of the building, providing –  minimized life cycle costs –  saved climate and resources –  and many other sustainable benefits


Profitability = Output Input


•  “Expensive" is a relative term. Expensive today loses meaning when life-cycle costs are considered

•  Sustainable building designs reduce environmental costs, energy costs, labour costs, medical costs etc. etc.

•  Developers and investors are adopting their financial analysis models in order to reflect the risks associated with poor energy performance


EPC Theoretical consumption

Rate of non-recovery of

rents

Following refurbishment

Discount of resale value

after 50 years A 0-50 kWh/m².a 1.00% 30 years 20% B 51-90 kWh/m².a 1.50% 28 years 25% C 91-150 kWh/m².a 2.00% 26 years 30% D 151-250 kWh/m².a 2.50% 24 years 35% E 251-350 kWh/m².a 3.00% 22 years 40% F 351-450 kWh/m².a 3.50% 20 years 45% G > 450 kWh/m².a 4.00% 18 years 50%

Source: ICF Group


•  Economical impact costs should be considered and addressed based on whole-life cycle costs (LCC) –  Purchase (initial investment), use (energy,

maintenance, replacement), disposal etc.

•  In addition, sustainable building may consider and include –  Whole-life Environmental impact costs (LCA)

•  Global warming potential (GWP) •  Depletion of abiotic resources-elements (ADP) •  Depletion of abiotic resources-fossil fuels (MJ) •  Other (ODP, AP, POCP)

–  Whole-life Social impact costs •  due to reduced productivity (lack of thermal,

acoustic, visual comfort etc.)


Conventional building

Sustainable building

Purchase

Cos

ts

Use

Disposal

CO2

Occupant productiv-

ity

Purchase

Use

Disposal

CO2

Occupant productiv.

Breaking the myths Sustainable building does not deliver added value

•  Sustainable building does deliver added value –  better indoor air quality –  better productivity –  better comfort –  improved occupancy rates –  longer life span –  less materials –  more aesthetically pleasing –  better image –  higher rents and resale value (reduced depreciation) –  higher cash flow (sold faster) –  improved marketability –  more competitiveness –  lower upgrading costs –  reduced operating costs –  etc. etc. etc.


Breaking the myths Sustainable building is not asked by the market

•  Sustainable building is increasing year by year…




Building Technology Development Centre 31 Source: RICS ‘Going for Green’ Sustainable Building Certification Statistics Europe – May 2011

Certified New Commercial Buildings in Europe 2009/2010 Status May 2011

Registered for Certification New Commercial Buildings in Europe 2009/2010 Status May 2011




Source: http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/projects/

Source: http://www.hegra.org/EDS%20INDEPENDENT%20VOICE/EDS%20INDEPENDENT%20VOICE%206.html

A sustainable building. Myths and reality. Thank you for your attention


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