a summer training presentation on oracle 10g and
TRANSCRIPT
A SUMMER TRAINING PRESENTATION ON ORACLE 10G AND DATABASE ADMINISTRATION
Presented By:
Anil Kumar
7th Sem (Final Year)
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Database
A set of inter-related data acting as a central reservoir of data that can be accessed by many users
DBMSThe software that manages database. A computer-based record keeping system which consists of software for processing a collection of interrelated data.
Database AdministratorCentrally manages the database. The DBA initially studies the System and accordingly decides its various process.
ORACLE 10G-APPLICATION SERVER &DATABASE
Business intelligence
Transactional Apps
Portals
A P A C H E
Integration
MultimediaMultimedia
Object Relational DataObject Relational Data
MessagesMessages
Documents
XML
Documents
XML
ORACLE INTERNET PLATFORM
a ClientsS
yste
m m
an
ag
em
en
t
Network services
DatabasesApplication
servers
Develo
pm
en
t tools
Internet applications
Presentation andbusiness logic
Business logicand data
Any browser Any FTP clientAny mailclient
JavaJava
SQLSQL
PL/SQLPL/SQL
CODD’S RULES FOR A DATABASECODD’S RULES:- In 1970 Dr. E.F.Codd define some rules for
designing an database. These rules are following:- Information rule Gurrented access rule Systematic treatment of null values The database catalog must be relational too The system must implements a comprehensive data sublanguage Data view must be updatable High level insertion , update , delete Physical data independence Logical data independence Integrity data independence Distribution independency Non subversion
Oracle supports 111/2 Codd’s rule.
INTRODUCTION TO SQL
• SQL is used to make a request to retrieve data from a database.
• The DBMS processes the SQL request, retrieves the requested data
from the database, and returns it.
• This process of requesting data from a database and receiving back
the results is called a Database Query and hence the name
Structured Query Language.
• Efficient, easy to learn and use.
• Functionally complete.
SQL STATEMENTS
SQL AND ISQL*PLUS INTERACTION
CONTROLLING USER ACCESS
Database administrator
Users
Username and password Privileges
PRIVILEGES Database security:
- System security- Data security
System privileges: Gaining access to the database Object privileges: Manipulating the content of the database objects Schemas: Collections of objects, such as tables, views, and
sequences The database administrator has high-level system privileges for
tasks such as: Creating new users Removing users Removing tables Backing up tables
CREATING USERS & PRIVILEGES
The DBA creates users by using the CREATE USER statement.
CREATE USER user
IDENTIFIED BY password; Once a user is created, the DBA can grant specific system privileges
to a user. GRANT privilege [, privilege...]
TO user [, user| role, PUBLIC...]; An application developer, for example, may have the following
system privileges: CREATE SESSION CREATE TABLE CREATE SEQUENCE CREATE VIEW CREATE PROCEDURE
WHAT IS A ROLE?
Allocating privileges without a role
Privileges
Users
Manager
CREATING AND GRANTING PRIVILEGES TO A ROLE AND CHANGING PASSWORD
Create a roleCreate role anil;
Grant privileges to a roleGrant create table,create view to anil;
Grant a role to usersGrant anil to scott; The DBA creates your user account and initializes your password. You can change your password by using the ALTER USER statement.Alter user scott identified by tiger;
ARCHITECTURE OF ORACLE SERVER
PRIMARY COMPONENTS OF ORACLE SERVER ARCHITECTURE Oracle server: There are several files, processes and memory
structures in an oracle server, not all of them are used when processing a SQL statement. The oracle server consists of an oracle instance and an oracle database.
Oracle instance: An oracle instance is the combination of the background processes and memory structures.
Oracle database: An oracle database consists of operating system files, also known as database files that provide the actual physical storage for database information. The database files are used to ensure that the data is kept consistent and can be recovered in the event of a failure of a instance.
LOGICAL ARCHITECTURE
PROCESSING ON A SQL STATEMENT • Connect to an instance using: – The user process – The server process • The Oracle server components that are used depend on the type of
SQL statement: – Queries return rows. – DML statements log changes. – Commit ensures transaction recovery. • Some Oracle server components do not participate in SQL
statement processing. A data manipulation language (DML) statement requires only two
phases of processing, 1. Parse is the same as the parse phase used for processing a query. 2. Execute requires additional processing to make data changes.
STARTING DATABASE IN RHEL
Starting Up To start up an instance, use the following command: STARTUP [FORCE] [RESTRICT] [PFILE=filename] [OPEN [RECOVER][database] |MOUNT |NOMOUNT]
Changing the Status of the Database
To open the database from STARTUP NOMOUNT to a MOUNT stage or from MOUNT to an
ALTER DATABASE { MOUNT | OPEN } To start up an instance, use the following command:
ALTER DATABASE OPEN [READ WRITE| READ ONLY]
Opening a Database in Restricted Mode command:
ALTER SYSTEM [ {ENABLE|DISABLE} RESTRICTED SESSION ]
Terminate Sessions
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION 'integer1, integer2'
SHUTTING DOWN THE DATABASE Shut down the database to make operating system offline backups of
all physical structures and to have modified static initialization parameters take effect.To shut down an instance you must connect as SYSOPER or SYSDBA and use the following
command: SHUTDOWN [NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL | IMMEDIATE |
ABORT ]
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
A database administrator (DBA) is a person who is responsible for the environmental aspects of a database. In general, these include:
a) Recoverability - Creating and testing backups b) Integrity - Verifying or helping to verify data integrity c) Security - Defining and/or implementing access controls to the
data d) Performance - Ensuring maximum performance
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
A database administrator (DBA) is a person who is responsible for the environmental aspects of a database. In general, these include:
a) Recoverability - Creating and testing backups
b) Integrity - Verifying or helping to verify data integrity
c) Security - Defining and/or implementing access controls to the data
d) Performance - Ensuring maximum performance
THANK YOU !!!!!!!!!!!
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