a sumero-babylonian sign list
TRANSCRIPT
preecntefc to
Gfoe Olibrars
ottbe
University of Toronto
Q .^. T).l)."p.
A SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGN LIST
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESSSALES AGENTS
NEW YORK
LEMCKE & BUECHNER30-32 WEST 27TH STREET
LONDON
HUMPHREY MILFORDAMEN CORNER, E.G.
SHANGHAI
EDWARD EVANS AND SON, LTD.
30 NORTH SZECHUEN ROAD
\ 5544 S
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ORIENTAL STUDIES
VOLUME XIV
A SUMERO-BABYLONIANSIGN LIST
TO WHICH IS ADDED
AN ASSYRIAN SIGN LISTAND A CATALOGUE OF THE
NUMERALS, WEIGHTS AND MEASURESUSED AT VARIOUS PERIODS
COMPILED BY
SAMUEL A. B. MERCER, PH.D., D.D.Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament
Western Theological Seminary
Chicago
J^teto
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
1918All rights reserved
Copyright, 1918
By COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
Printed from type and plates, June, 1918
UNIVERSITY PRINTING OFFICE
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
HUNC LIBRUM
HUGHELL E. W. FOSBROKEMAGISTRO SUO ILLUSTRISSIMO
DEDICAT AUCTOR
CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface ix
Select Bibliography xi
A Guide to the Order of Signs I
Notes 2
Sumero-Babylonian Signs Archaic 3
Sumero-Babylonian Signs From Ur-Nina to Neo-Baby-lonian Period 13
Sumero-Babylonian Numerals, Weights and Measures . . . 225
Assyrian Signs 229
Assyrian Numerals, Weights and Measures 244
PREFACE
The object of this Sign List is a very practical one, namely, to
arrange all Sumerian and Babylonian signs in such a manner as to
enable the student to find them with comparative ease. Assyrian signs
have long ago been excellently classified. Beginnings have been madein the classification of Sumero-Babylonian signs. Scheil, Thureau-
Dangin, Amiaud and Mechineau, and Toscanne have done excellent
work. Their lists, however, were not compiled with a view to prac-
ticability. The most recent work on the subject is one by GeorgeA. Barton, whose chief object was to discuss the origin and development
of Babylonian writing. His sign list is, accordingly, incidental, and
not arranged with the practical needs of the translator primarily in
view.
In the present work an attempt has been made to collect and arrange
all independent Cuneiform signs. Cuneiform writing is of such a
nature as to have allowed much latitude in the writing of many signs.
For example, a sign with parallel wedges may have two or more such
parallel wedges. No attempt has been made to record all such vari-
ants; first, because variations are necessarily almost endless, without
being important, and, secondly, because of a desire to keep the List
within reasonable bounds. Hence, only independent signs, and those
signs whose variations would place them in a different order in the
List, have been collected.
The classification has been made as simple as possible; and all signs
have been arranged in a definite order, as set forth in a subsequent
table entitled, 'A Guide to the Order of Signs'. First, the Archaic
signs are classified, and are to be read from top to bottom; Assyrian
equivalents are given and a translation, usually syllabic, sometimes
idiographic, is added. It should be noticed that Archaic signs are some-
times found on seals on late tablets. Then, the Sumero-Babylonian
signs are arranged with their Assyrian equivalents and transliterations,
followed by Arabic numerals indicating the period to which the sign
belongs. The periods outlined by Barton in his 'Babylonian Writing'
have been adopted. The student is thus assisted by means of the nature
of the script in dating his text. Next, the Sumero-Babylonian numer-
als, weights and measures are arranged in the same order (not in tabu-
lar form) with a view to facilitating the identification of individual
signs. Finally, for convenience, a list of Assyrian signs is given with
transliterations; and that is followed by the Assyrian numerals,
weights and measures, arranged in the same order.
The raison d'etre of this Sign List is : first, a practical arrangement,in one great group, of all independent and irregular-variant Sumero-
Babylonian signs with their Assyrian equivalents; and secondly, an
insertion on the same page, for practical purposes, of the most impor-
tant transliterations of the Sumero-Babylonian signs. The more un-
usual equivalents can easily be found in Briinnow, Barton, and else-
where. No English translations have been supplied, as that belongs
to glossaries, of which there are several good ones. No cross references
have been given, despite the fact that the same sign sometimes, thoughnot often, is recorded in more places than one. It seemed that no pur-
pose would be served by such references, and the plates would be
comparatively crowded. The Sumero-Babylonian space has pur-
posely been made wide to allow for the insertion of variants by the
student. Space has been left at the end of the 'Archaic' and 'Sumero-
Babylonian' sections for the addition of new and variant signs, accord-
ing as the student finds them.
In acknowledging obligations to my predecessors in this field, I
should like to single out Professor Barton whose splendid book, 'The
Origin and Development of Babylonian Writing', I have had continu-
ally by my side. In fact, his work anticipated, in a way, what I
myself had begun to do in the year 1910. For many years I have felt
the need of a Sumero-Babylonian sign list, as complete as possible,
with Assyrian equivalents and the most important transliterations, and
I have now ventured to put forth this compilation with the feeling that
it will be useful to others as well as to myself. It would be superfluous
to record the titles of all the works which I have used, directly or in-
directly, in the preparation of this Sign List. This is especially true
of the numerous publications of texts, all of which I have constantly
used. I shall content myself with giving, as a select bibliography, a
list of those works, other than publications of texts, which I have had
as my continual companions in my work, and to whose distinguished
authors I render due homage. Finally, I take pleasure in acknowledg-
ing the kindness of my two friends, Dr. Stephen Langdon and Dr.
J. A. Maynard, in allowing me often to consult their expert knowledge.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
AMIAUD, A., et MECHINEAU, L., Tableau Compar6, 2eid., Paris, 1902
BRUNNOW, R. E., A Classified List, Leiden, 1887
BARTON, G. A., Babylonian Writing, I-II, Leipzig, 1913
CLAY, A. T., Documents from the Temple Archives of Nippur, Phila-
delphia, 1906
CLAY, A. T., Business Documents of Murashu Sons of Nippur, Phila-
delphia, 1904
DELITZSCH, F., Assyrisches Handworterbuch, Leipzig, 1896
DELITZSCH, F., Assyrische Lesestiicke, 5teAuflage, Leipzig, 1912
DELITZSCH, F., Die Entstehung des altesten Schriftsystems, Leipzig, 1897
DELITZSCH, F., Sumerisches Glossar, Leipzig, 1914
HINKE, W. J., Kudurriu Inscriptions, Leiden, 1911
HARPER, R. F., The Code of Hammurabi, Chicago, 1904
HAUPT, P., Akkadische und Sumerische Keilschrifttexte, Leipzig, 1881-1882
LANGDON, S., A Sumerian Grammar, Paris, 1911
LAU, R. J., Old Babylonian Temple Records, New York, 1906
LEGRAIN, L., Le Temps des Rois d'Ur (Planches), Paris, 1912
MEISSNER, B., Assyrisch-Babylonische Chrestomathie, Leiden, 1895
MEISSNER, B., Seltene assyrische Idiogramme, Leipzig, I9o6ff.
MEISSNER, B., Supplement zu den assyrischen Worterbiichern, Leiden, 1898
MENANT, Le syllabaire assyrien, Tom. I et II, Paris, 1869-1873
MUSS-ARNOLT, W., A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language,vols. I-II, Berlin, 1905
MYHRMAN, D. W., Sumerian Administrative Documents, Philadelphia, 1910
NESBIT, W. M., Sumerian Records from Drehem, New York, 1914
PINCHES, T. G., An Outline of Assyrian Grammar, London, 1910
PRICE, I. M., The Great Cylinder Inscription of Gudea, Leipzig, 1899
PRINCE, J. D., Materials for a Sumerian Lexicon, Leipzig, 1905-1908
RANKE, H., Legal and Business Documents, Philadelphia, 1906
REISNER, G. A., Sumerisch-babylonische Hymnen, Berlin, 1896
REISNER, G. A., Tempelurkunden aus Telloh, Berlin, 1901
SCHEIL, V., Signes Archai'ques, Paris, 1898
STRASSMAIER, J.N.,AlphabetischesVerzeichnisder assyrischen und akkadischen
Worter, Leipzig, i882ff.
TOSCANNE, P., Les Ideogrammes Cuneiformes, Paris, 1908
THUREAU-DANGIN. F., Recherches sur 1'origine de 1'Ecriture Cuneiforme,
Paris, 1898-1899
UNGNAD, A., Selected Business Documents, Leiden, 1908
WINCKLER, H., Liste ausgewahlter Keilschriftzeichen, Leipzig, 1893
A GUIDE TO THE ORDER OF SIGNS
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H-
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Mr
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jr
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IT
m
NOTES
. Trig SOMI.Si^x,
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if
"
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'
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r
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u
= t tLu^tjttu IS : VCIS^ WtAi&nujm ckf+JMtu~f~J , ~f- VJ.*y,
s-
7 jitMiOjuJi Hj^tnajutuiJlfj .
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tetutem. SuLtLJUes indicate* ~tkaX ~fh traJhu ttmi w^lSt^
rt fh &*n. -Muni, ouwn^,
I. SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
i. ARCHAIC
Vr
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R
81
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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8 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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IO SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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ARCHAIC II
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12 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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2. FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONI AN PERIOD 15
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16 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SKINS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A BYLON IAN PERIOD 17
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6
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18 SUM KRO- BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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5
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A B YLONIAN PERIOD
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20 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B AB YLONIAN PERIOD 21
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22 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A B YLONIAN PERIOD
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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3
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 25
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26 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 27
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28 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A B YLONIAN PERIOD 29
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5
5"
5"
5
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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L
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BABYLONIAN PERIOD 3!
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5-6
SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 33
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34 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONI AN PERIOD 35
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5-6
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 27
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR :NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 39
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD
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TIM,
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3-5-
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A
3
SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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p-^/^
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 43
ry, r
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3
44 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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5-6
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 45
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3
3
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5-6
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5"
46 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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5"
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 47
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48 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 49
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(7
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nam.(<vnj
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5-6
3
SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 5!
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB VLONIAN PERIOD 53
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54 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD 55
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A B YLONIAN PERIOD 57
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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 59
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5
5-(a
6o SI MEKO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 6l
6
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62 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 63
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64 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BABYLON IAN PERIOD 65
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66 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS
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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B AB YLONIAN PERIOD 67
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