Fort Hays State UniversityFHSU Scholars Repository

Master's Theses Graduate School

Spring 1932

A Study of The Relation of Achievement InParticular Fields In High School To AchievementIn Particular Fields In College: Being A Study of280 Freshmen Who Entered The Fort Hays KansasState College In September, 1930Ellsworth DodrillFort Hays Kansas State College

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Recommended CitationDodrill, Ellsworth, "A Study of The Relation of Achievement In Particular Fields In High School To Achievement In Particular FieldsIn College: Being A Study of 280 Freshmen Who Entered The Fort Hays Kansas State College In September, 1930" (1932). Master'sTheses. 206.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/206

. ' A Stu.dy of' the Ra-lc tion ot Achi evon,ont in

Parti culor Fields in High School to Ach ievement

1n Pro-t1culcr Fiel ds in College.

llei ng • ~tudy or 280 FrosbtMn ln10 Entered

t.~e Fort Hey• Ke.nsce Stete College in Soptember ,

1930.• by

Ella>1orth ~drill

f\ Thee ia

Proaentod to t ho Oradu&to Council 1n

Part1e l f\ll til l ment ot the ttequ1ron:.&nta to1• the

Degree of ~ neter or beience in Eaucstion.

/,pproved by

I

'

Aoknowledgm.ont

I wlah to expr•eas my a1ncel.'e st-atttude to Doctor

Homer B. ~eed, Head of the Dep~rtment of Poychology of

the Fort H~ya Kaneoo State Coll ege, under ~hoee direc-

t i on t hia atudy wos m•de , for his patience and kindl y

e.d,~tce 1n 1te preps l"Ati on; : t o viy- wife , Zella e. Dodrill, I . who spent rr.e.nt houre 1p helping to preporo the etat-

1at1cc.1 part ot t h ia atud:1;~ •nd to Deon Floyd. a. Lee

ot t ~e College tor hie nea1atonco 1n geti1ns the necta-

sar y detR tr-co bis office on~ for p,rrnia.aion to uao

eome ot the data ho boa pre~r-ed 1n an unpubl1ehed

otudy •

••

I . I!.

III.

rt.

fi,ble oi Contento IntroO.uot1on

ot Rclnto6. St\\6.1eo

rcobn1o Stenda.x-6.Q Att~1ned in VArious A.chievc..iont Teets

by tho .F>-oomim Cl.MIG !.ntcring tho Fort l!eya

Y..e.I1uo.a St ato COllose in Sopte?lber. li<iO. . '

:.aee l

2

ll

l~

v . Co1•rclat1oru: ilaec(. <>n tho a•81llto ot VAr1oue 211

:Eng11oh Teets and ll16h Sohool a:,~ ~ollogo !!Arks

ru,d tho l'rod1ot1on ct C<>ll•fi• SUooeaa 1n l ns11sh .

VI. Co1"Telt'.tionc 13.&ned on Pv.l.-t I! or t ho Sonos00Jie1T,r i~

Rish School Aohieve=ont 4est , and a1p Sohool o.n:1

College J:l:1.1.-!:4 1n !(&thoa&t1oa on<I. tho Pr<d.1ct1on or

Coll ogc suoceee 1n !!<!tho-Jat1os.

VII. Corrolot1ona llt\se~ on P<.rt I II or the Soneo-ll<lrry :1 High Sobool Aob.icwo;:iont Test l\ll<\ Ris)i School a!ld

Jolltgo l!.nrko 1n !!atural Sc1onoo ond tho Prcd1ot1• n

ot =o11cge Suooeoo 1n 7.At1.1.r8l So!onoo .

VII!. Co1-i·olnt1ono :Brule<!. on ?c,i-t IV of the Sonoe- l!A=· 2~

IX.

,:.

ll.

ll1gh Sohool Aolli~voL1ont 'lest o.nd lUSh School Md

Collogo l:a>·ics in Soo1cl 8010>.100 o.nd tho l'rc6.1ot1on of Oollogo suoocsa 1n Soo1~1 Soi enoe .

Conolu.s1on.a . Reot1C:l¢l1dat1oll.8.

:81.blioa,-ayby.

A:l»cndi x J •• •

38

43 .7

l'.;iot of !1':'blts

TAbl~ Peso ' I . Zh~ )!cdien 01• ~0th Pu"oent1lo Hol."'3..8 ~01• t~o So9t...rAtc, l~

Teets of tho Sonoe - h.l>rr;· High Sohool Aoh1c-r•~cnt • ~•ct ror tho S'U.a.bcr of Halt Years or l!o.,h Sublcot

' . !l'Al,c.n <J>d for All Stud.onto ~1ng t ~o S\lbJ cot .

II . RolNlta of tho Sonoe- Rt..--ry !i1Sh School Aohio•,ru:ont ii

:root , l.'l'rt I .

III. Cht..-t Sll.;win;; tllo ?;-po of '.lontc.nt Lll4 tho !.\1l>bcr of 16

It= 1n J;o.oh Section or tho Sonce- U.U-ry !llt,11 Soh~ 1

Achi cvo~ont ~e~t .

r1. Rt8\tl.to of tho so,;00°,,..rry l!16h Sohool J.ohiov0timt 1s

Teat , Port II,

v. Rosul.to of tho Son••· l!ar•• llio, Sohocl Aohl•vomont lr 2ost , fa.,."t III.

VI . l!ttl\llta ot tbe sonoo-=-r~ l'.161> School .lohiovomont 21

Te-st , rv. VII , 1'<11110 ot Coott1o1cnt~ of Co:r:ro1"t1ou ksod on tho 2~

Rotl\llts ot '/ario\18 lngl1oh Testa o.ud F.igh Sohool

u.nd ~llege ==<• 1n ::iio11oh ,

VIII , Pl•odi oted !ooroo 1n Colloso "°Sl1eh llc,aol o::. Si,: 26 Ve.rie.~101 ond on 'i'hroC Vc.i·is.bl,a; lCO ~naoo end &O

Cases , 8ct»ootivol7 . . I%. Prod1ct&d. sooree in ~~lles:e l!a.thn.~tioc iaeed on zr.

TlU•oo V"l"i cl>loe , 114mol;·, i:ollogo Sooroo ill l:<lthe-

mc.tioo , Sigh School .l.vc1-,..:eeo ill l'.athoct-t1oe , an!

tho Sonoa - J!o.rr:r l!igh Sohool Aohi<vc,iont ~cot , :PC->:t II ,

•

Liet ot Tablee(oont1nu6d)

!rablo

x . ?rediot&d scoree 1n College !Jt.t Ul'O.l So1cnoo- :Be.eed. on 'l'hl·&o v,.r1abl ec , n01Jelr , collego .sooros i n

iitt.t\.U.-nl Soionoe , K1gh School AVON\o6S 1n ;;e.t\l.1·a.l

Sc1(11tce , CJl.d ~he Sonec-~ Kigil Sohool Aoil16v e-

mcnt Teat , ~e.1'1i I II. XI ?radi oted scor~s 1n Coll&se Socia l Soicnoo 13.a.oed a&

ou T~eo veriebles , n&mol y , Coll~gc Scorca 1~

Sooi&l. sci, nce, H1Sh Sohool Avt-ngo& 1n Soci al . . Soi enoe , o.na. t he sonoo- :1!:lrr) ill.gh School .\obiovc-

:acnt Teat , ro.rl IV. APPCllldi.X A, ~ont B1ns a tnbul~tt~ 11st of z ecore~ based ~n th6

r csulto o!' tho sonet1- I!.errlf Bigh $QhOl)l. Aob1eve-

acnt :i.:eet , YAriou, ~ lis.h tccto , a. S1•cllin8

fest , ..,,\ the ll'.ish Sohool Md Ooll•c.t<' ib>rl:s in tho

t1&1Ue ot ~ lioh, L)t.\.hona.tios , ::C.ture.l. SGienoc- ,

:,n~ social Solonoo . •

•

1 lll'!l!ODOOTIOB

I

T1>11 et\11!7 1>&0 ,.,. p...ip•••• .. U••· firot one 1 • to

det•llDlno u,o 111gb oohool &01>1evact •f tho 1reoman

olaal Ybl• h ctore4 the ll'ort l!o,ya lluU• S~te Oolloge

in 89Pteober,1930.Tba ueoond 'PV,•M t• to 4etemtne to

what 8'tt,nt e•llGge euoeeoc tn tba ft.-!.•ue fteldo,llng-

11 11wiat-&ttoe,.lJatural Sotenoe,Md l1oetal llote,ioo,

om be predtote4 from siaooee• tn tho ••rre111004tn8

field• tn ll!gh eohool. fbo finding• are baee4 on the result• •f tbe foll•Y•

tng teoto 1 st~.., te the :rreamm of tho oollese ta Deo•

... ber,1930 ,1:1 tho Dopartae,it of 1'17011010111: the So•••· Barr, 111,11 Soho•l MbleTaent 'l'••t,tbe lllldtllOD T71>tOal

C0111pot1 tton "1>111 t7 Soale,Tho !llorndtke Teat of ll•rd

l<loWle4s•, tho t11orndt1ce•ooa11 Beodtag Soale , ... 4 t ho

!llKto.,, Spelling IIO'alea,Liet ia:11 ,!ho lllgh lloi»ol """-

Oolloce llarl<o uaed •••• taken from tho dft•tal treno•

onpt• in tho restotr03'• otftoe, Tl>o t••t• vore gt •e wder tbe uwal ••n4t ti••• and

•••• gradod aDd ~oalod-\lllder the dtreot "lll>er-.t•t•n of tho Ilep&,.,.ait ot PS)'<tbolos,,J'or thl• roaoon it to bo1ieTe4

that tl>e tolt ooore• are rel table, All oll1oulattone wer•

oaretull:, oboel<od anO are boUe•ed to bs aoourate,

•

II,

of Rel~tod StwJ.1oe. ~o:toosor iArk l;.ey- l o'! s11•aouao tJn1ver&1ty ms.do a

etu&y ot 450 Freemon of ths.t 1:ut1tut1on t o G.otom.li,o

nhe.t faotore aost intlu.once naoademi e euocaas . 11 Ho c.\e-

:tino& 11aoad.610.to e'.looeas11 e.s 1nt6lleotual aoh1ove0eut t..e ;,1co.surcd by oolleae wu-ke or honor po1uts . Re e.loo 1n-

ol\1.6.ed. the ho\t.ra o»ent 1n study' . The honor points •·•ore • b"8Cd on the following sollo:,,e ot $1'&'11ng: on A C,'#.do

Of'.r1~100. 3 honol." »oint&, o. :a 2 honor poUlte , e. C Sl'Mc one

honor point , &ltd. u D ip.-ado , t he passing mc.rk, none. It

was t h\te ,oasible tor$ student t o ea1~ 4i honor point s 1n

one seucetar . ihie ~tU\\y wo.s baaed on the houor points ee.rnod d\lJ.""1US t he at~dent s ' first ocmeot&r 1n ooll660 •

G<:in•ral intbllisttnce was ccaO\U"Cd by a oo~bi.ndti?n '

ot the lliller ~ental ~est , . &n~ tho tart~outb ~c~,lotion of Det1n1t1one Teet. ~he c11atr1bwt1on ot tho 00-or~a show ..

cd o. fairly n ol'ul&l ourve;. Ao c. m.eO£ure ot indi...st1·1 and.

e.p l1oc.t1on, it \1!"..0 dco1deG. to t Slc:e t bc nu.t1be1• ot llow.·s

per week e11ont , on the aver.age , 1n stutty. In o;..•dor to

get this avers.go, 1ntort:1at1on &e t o atud.y hab1to ue.s ob-

t a1ne~ by aosns of a quest1onne.1r6 Given at the bcsinn-

1"8 ot the o4l:looter an'1 c.sn1a at the c11i.dlo, '!'he eclt-oo:i.7clat1on bct wo6n the t wo at~tomcnta-numbcr ot hours

1, Soo »1bl1o61'0,~h;; • .rwnber 10 .

-

3

1111ct in ltlld)'•OJ> u,., t1r1t alld eoooa4 q11•1ti0Maire• ,.,..

.86.Siaoe tbi1 n• tadtcaU•• of a catictaotor, d•V•• ot reliablltt7,t1>a 11'9on4 q,aeotionnaire hi ,aee4 in IM 1tll4 ._, 1 t n1 oontider&d to bo '<l>a 'beot eotllllate of the tvo,

A& tl>a otl>.4ent• rre11 mor• aoonatoned to oollego lite,tl>Ur

1t-..<1y bt,'b! ta wero 111,017 to bo 11ore 11ttle4. Ao • 11•1.tt\&re of tit gh GO bool euooe••• the 1tt11ber of unit•

preBOllte4 fOI' g:rOMlllatiOII and tbo &Terage p-a4e Obt"1Ded

1rer<> tal<en.Tll1• gr,re a proble ot fl.Te n.n&1>l11, •o,. oorrelation bet,r,.., llonor points and blgb IIOboOl

uni to ,.... 022 .'?lv Oili to olll'TO "'" sre&tl7 fll:e:,,ed 11hloh ·c.ooow,to tor .tbil lov i-, tbe aeaa ,:n.1 aro\1Zl4 14 to 15' •1th

a ronso or 14 to 23,'ru oorrelati on betvoen llonol' point• .,.4 bigh CObool aworas• 1'10 040,, llbt oorrelation botvoen

llolll"• of Otlld7 a:,,d &Aor iotnta vu , 32, Tu oorrelation

bot,ro,a 11onor potato ud 1nte111senoe ""' ,60, Tbt oorro• lation betvotn Honor polatl and 1nte111geaoe Iii th Bolll'I of lti\ldJ part!aled out '1&S ,80,, Intelligeaoe u4 llolll'O of

StlldJ p.Te u I' ot •• 35 • fill• point• to the 0011110a •tmd•

«107 to leaot effort• ·•• often foun« eons 111621 cobool &114 . oollog~ stu4tftt&, tbo bright.., one• 1t...S7 1••• ntle tha 1••• l>rl.gbt oneo a1.1t epen4 ~ucb \iae in 1tud7 1D or<ter to get the12' "°1'1< OD4 hanOe are 1101'0 lilte17 to go abOTO tbt &Tei'l>Po

A. 1t\!4¥ ot tba resr•••ioa eqV&tioD tbron light on tho

walu~• oa- ,retght• ot tbo .-.nou• t•otor• ot pr..Uotioa,

llonor potato• , 58 ,; lntellf.11<11•0 ooore pl"• ,14 a &Tera,e

111811 GOhoo1 13'&llee pl111 1,10 " f1'>• ~ent m!D111 1,03 a blah

IIOboo1 Ullitl ainiul 62,

i:.e .. nns out tba nW11>or of unit• Si,. •• , lloaor 11oint1 • .ss " %1>te11111«1oe plu• 1.06 x 't$ae 9.:7..,, plut- . 083 " lllSh ..,bool

,.,..r...., ainue 70. Slnoe tbe e/ll.gl>t ot !Ilg!> IObool aTerage 10

a&J.1,o• o"" lea.Ye it out en4 ltt\: Bonor point• w .62 u

1nte111sonoo plue 1.2 a t1ae $t,,t11t lllinua 70.tlll• prc41ot1on•

0121 be aa4e neai-ly •• vell _b:, le&nns out &Tcrage grade•

eel U'lli tto\!ba ll la .6' ellll• the r b~tv•• %nt•lllgeno• 1214

l!ottor »•into la .6o. TIil• c1>o1re tbat lntelllg.,..oe alone ,:,oU14

be about•• .,.luable tor predtotion •• uelng tbo •bole nm•

ber ot ftrlablas.l!onor )Olntc ancl U"1 te v1 th lntellt.ssnoo . belcl oon1t111t ta o07llvlth Tirl• Ss>•t balcl constant la .143: and v1 th all thrff >w14 oonatant ta n•satl •• :,218.t1a11 tn• dnttr,1 ancl 1nte111g.,..oe are tho tb1ng1 that OOVZlt pro'l'lded

tho at\14.,t has tu .. ,. ... ...., nunber ot uni t1 or 111gb oobool

vor:i. • .a. stuclont prea«1ttng 14 or is 1111 t, Ill>• •• coocl "

oht,nOe of oolles• CIIO•e•• aa baa " at"4eot lr1 th 20 111>1 te.

Aooor41ng to theae f1n41ngo,a •twl.,.t who b&C !lad tOft WI! ta

or .,.., eight w,t tt bae a 50•50 oblDoe to 1uooeed !n oolleS••

Iii.Sb eobool &Tel'kB•• and l!onor pointt 1'1 tb lntalUg,aoe

Ml.d oonatont 10 0 2<16;1r1t11 Tu,e Spent 1>eld oonttant 1• .388;

v1 th wt tc bel~ ooneiant t• o3.e8:V1 ti> tilllo SJ,..,t •and 1ntelll•

genoe h•14 conatant it ,318 . !mi• 1 t 1• e"14..,t tlat bish sobOol &Tera.gee are a taotor tn prdiotion,but • ainoS" on••

l!oaor potnt• ,o.4t%hi,e11lif"'10• lrlth :!ml lta.m1. held oonotfflt

10 .SOS: vl~b 1,1.gll IIObool &Terac•• held oonotant 1• .532;

Vitll VZl!tc hold oon•tont 11 .59,lle•l:er that Intalligeaoe

and t1,.e ep.,t 1 e nego.tl TO ,35,

. . ' A.ppN'..,tl:, tl>t moot relia'bl• mean• ot preOtattoo are

tlla ,...,tor• ot lntel Ugenoo ...,4 tao 9p..,t.ll:, 11....-0 ot a

resre•ot!"' eqw.tion,t t 1l'01'14 'be pooat'ble to o)lo,r a stwl111t

1'b> m• a oertrun to ore tu inte~ligenae ~111t i-.,.- aan7 lloUl"o

of etwl:, per •eek l>t wo"1d n ee4 to op..,d 111 order to aak•

., o~rtaln naber of Honor polnte: .Ae 1•t •• do not b&Te ,.

ae.aeure vt~h an r of .90. TM.I 1• neoe••-.1'7 betor-1 •• 0N1

get • Jrobab1e eriror of tbree.Ye eu•t bl 'ffl a P•e•t• tt.at 101' to boat all roli&blo in owe pro41ot1ono,Profe•oor

Ila:, beltov•• that •• 011,et ttrot 'be able to meallll"e 8""b

i,,,,,w, trait•"' effloifilO)" ,Ol'8.1'60ter,porcon"11t:,,Ma1th, and ennro,,,.tmt&l ' tnfluenocs ,all of wlllol1 1>ove to do w1 th

acad.a:1o •~oeae,bt~ore Ye e.n acoc:mJli•b tb11.

Scme 1nte2"eatin« oonc1uetons ea:, be dl'll'\111 fX'<e a re•

port,•t:t,o Re1atton$blp of lntelltgenoo a11d MllleTec.,t ·Toot

2oore, :o l!ort•li t:, and S..l>olaotto R&tt11go 1 • ,a !ltw!)I of SS9 J~••lma, at Oolor&4o St•t• Teaohero• College,tbo olaee

tmtued in S<gts,ber, 1927.tbt otu4;y ne p111>110b34 a '{•&r

later.Tt>t tllree •ariMbl•• uood werelCollege r&t11111, tiw . lle..,t.s, Seotton ot tt .. Mlli•••ect 'leot !<no"" &t the

~tr•n•• and Cl&ooifio&tion -tnation for 'leaoller•'

Colleg•• oomptlo4 'b:, •t1tneJ,Eai12an,an4 'l'rood)I or Colo• rv.4o State te..,l>er•' Col1ege0 and. tlla 'f!m'atone lotelli•

acoe Tea.to

------------

•

6

8obo1aetio l'atl.DCI• '1ero bate<I .., tll.t tollo111ng plWII aa •••

grue 011.11&1• S,a /IV equl• 4, a ~a• 111.11&1• 3,a •ll• eq\lelc

2,ucl an "I• equal• 1, or the SS9 et\ld.,.te wl>o tool< tbe

olaae1r1.oat1011 cx•ioatioo,129,or 2~ tailed to ocmpleto o,,e

11•:r'• ,rorl<, Of tllto•e 129 Vl>O tailed. to ocmplet• "'7,ar•• aork,4Cljl were in tbe lowaet tl.fth 1n tl:e intelligenoe rat•

!ns•;~ vero 111 tl>e lo,rer b&lf;an4 but 9,C were in tbe

tstshett r1tth in !nte111g.,,ce, 'fur• ""' a lo•• of 76 tt\14•

•t• Eur1ne: t~ '1'1nt.1r qll,al'ter;tl>r•• tlaet .. lars• a lo•• ,., -tor e1 t'htr fall or epnns quartero,Coai,lete data · on tm reaeoao tor aortal1 tf were &Ta111>ble for onl7 1-lf of t)>o

129 oatao, Only ,Ct,/1 pt tl!e tot.l etudt<!tl fell 1.11 tl>o

••• deal.le in OOl>Olaotl.o rat!np and lnte111 ge,ice 110ol't80

J'ort708ta pel'Oent of tll«II tailed to Qalrt ae !Jl.llh a

eohol&etl.o rating •• their l.nttllig,noe 10or1 nrrantecl,

o!Jl.1• se,I ex•ee4td Gpaotatl.ont 1D tilt• roepeot ,""!JI.•~·

11411!t 8Cloroo aa4 intelligfflOt eoore• lla'fe a oorrelaU~ ot

,73.,:i,, a'ferage or ae41"" of oot,olaetio r .. t1ng1 ••r•

•11gllt17 raiae4 fraD quart,r to quarter being! 3,00 ill t:t,a tall. 3.07 111 tl\a wtnter, aza4 3,14 in tm eprtns "1th ea

...... &«. ot 3.os for tl>o fet&l', 'rl>o a:,proxl.llate a-.ero.sc

mtiola•tto r"tinp for eaoh quarter 1110 .. eaaod qU! te regu•

1Ul7 fl'CID lOY to hi.Uh !ntell!g<CIOI ... ore• 01 th tl>t ....

oeptlon of tho , .. oncl doo!l• of l11to111gtllOI shore

:

7

ool>o1$l'llllp ,..., 1owor tor e""b <i=ter 8"4 tor t~.e 1....-. 011

tht wbol•, tha aoll10••ent t,,t encl :i.,.-aton, teat appeu- to

m•• nffl'17 •-1 relit.bill t7 in pre4tottncs eo1-o1 .. auo 1110•

oeoeo A oaa.binat1@ of botb teet1 -doe• not »~oYo of eai7 zore

'111111• nu et tiler tol<M 1epuatel7.•'f.a-&11e tollol&l'abl.i,, oor• relate• 'Iii th 111tollign>oe 'Ii tb an (r) of , 4~43 plua or a1n111

.0232 &114 '1111U• aollle•&ent ooorea eith"' (rl of .•979 p111•

O:t ainlll .0221, %t 1• poooi'ble to prediot eobolaotto ratinga

otcooll <>S• t110oeo1 "1 t)I • probable e:rror of ,,µ96, .. tual

pred1ot1on• o,o SO oaae•·71•14e4 aTerage error• ot pre41oo

uo,uof o34o

iM.e 1tud7 ta out1n11ed tl:ro~ the Sop-ore 7eu1

•

• t,w or it• oono111,100• 11111 be of interoat,tbJ •••••s• oollol&ttto aobie-. ... Mt n• 3,24 at tbe e,id of tbe eooon4

, ..... ,1,1., t•:"2'8:bal' tho# tbe ....... go oi 3.os •ad• 'b7 tho

ola•• tho firat fe&S'o l!lgh etan41ng ill the tbllratone

teat pre41oto blgl1 aobloveent 101-olaot1oall7, fbere 11

a\ldh <111plao111J-,t,:t,ove-.er, 'tile olaatifioation teot appeua

to pa-ediot eobolaettc aob1•••..,t ,n tb oltghtly ••~• ao• 0111'&01 tbOll 4oa• tho fl:l.>ltotone te•t ooore1,a,:4 olaeaifioat!on

te•t ooo~•• •ere 1D110h a,&11 .. r for tha eoplmore l1QU tl:.IA tha7

-------·---

l

' .,

8 •

vor e for tho f'i:08h:n.t\n yea.r. Yorta.l.ity ov&r tho t wo yea.re

no.a v~r:t h igh . M . 2S'. ' Anothor report from the Col ~n..do State ~e&chera • Collee-o 1

1e of: 1nteroot. Of those Fr~ehl!len 11l>o onter•d 1n Sept-

omb6r , 1928 , lOS or 24. ~ ta1l~4 to compl ete tho yer.r ' e work. Tho loes tor tho ol.asa ,:h1oh onter<;d 1n tho te.ll qt 1~2'1 vna

2&;~, Wb1lo tho l oss t o~ tho claao onterins· ill tho tell of 1926 ,1e.a 3QtS. Of this sro\U> ot lOS who tr-.1l~d., 3'1 . 641•· r:e~e

1n the lo.,•st :!'1:tth ond 21.GS~ were 1n the ·highest 1'1:!'th of

1nt~ll1senoe. ao sati~taotory cxplo.n.c.ti on roi this c.e.n be mad.o . Tho ls.r g:6Gt morte.li t.~ , l<i-.~ 009urrc<l in tho ,wi nter . Q.uo.rter. IJ.'ho l:ilOdi on eohol &Sti o rat ins ra1sod t"roiq quart~r t o

~~tor . ro&ohing an averaoe ct :..os tOi· tbo year. ~h6 a.oh1cve-

•meut test shOYrs indioo.tione of bchl.6 of 111,<1r~ ve.lt.e 1n pi•c ... ' d.i oting cohole.et1o l\Oh1ovoment thaJ:i doee tho 'l'hu.ra:t<>no test.

Intolligenoo t.11.d nohievoment t~ata correlt.tc, •• ?224 plua ·or

cillus .01~4... A.v~rc.-·e eoh(),l S.i"&hip oori•clat.cd .49U plus 01·

t.1lnuo .0262 with the Tln.U•atone t,ot nd . 5022 plus 01• m1nv.a. •

.04i3 H1th t ho olUa1t1o .. t1on teat soo1•••• A fourth r •port

t:..•o:,. tho Colo1·r.d.o stt\tc feQohera ' College 2 aho,:-s tMt of t ile 62~ Freshmen 1·eiµoto1·1ns 1n September , 1926/ i39 rc-

oe1Vc~ orcdit ~or on6 1e~r-to work, moki.;18 & raor t elity of 20'i.

:-: Of ·1;1,4i,.,, o~ i3l :!'1n1ohcd tho eeoond year. The o,o,Ulll> :ln-

tt/ll.ig@oc eoore of thie ~oup ino:i-oa.s.ed 6.10 pointe durin,s

. 1. Soe l31'bl1of;rap~, l!\uzlbor 't.

, 2 •. see ll1~l!osral)h.v , ' 11".~b&r l. •

9

the Fi·ts~ you , 1nd1o.at1ng el1c 1nat11'111 of et\U\unt& ot lon

aoor 6s . !abul~t i on of ooh~l ~stic 1-a.t1U8$ tor each qu.e.rtor of 19£'1- 28 a.uA o.n avenge t~r tbo· yoeJ.• eho,, Nl 1Do:rt:tuh1 in modie.n

eol:11eve.,ont cc.oh euocofrti.i ns ~ua.rtor o.nd. ei·(le,tc1." haoeeneit y to.; the ent i re srou» , or t hoeo drop~ine out of a . ~ool dur11l8 tho ·

t \lo yoars . n»r oxioo.tely r101•0 in t ho low" r M-lt of the in-

toll1gcnoe d1atr1b\•.t1on ,01d 40!' r,ore i n tho l owor f i fth, A.l>out . 20!', fft.l"8 in t h& up,,er :tift h of the 1ntclli~enoe ocl')roo •

. P, B. D1llo-:,-, ree1etr:.i• of t:10 Ohio Steto i1n! voro1t:r, hM

UMe o. study 1 of the W'l1vers1t:;o·' a Frc.,o.h:nan tost1rl.$ 1>r 06l"Olll

Hil.1o.h tt&e etr-.rted in 1~26.. Dl Apri l , 1922, ihe Ohio St ate

.. \6oembly ~u.eLod e. law i•oq\U:i.•J.ng tll aJ.;.ud.entc tnte .. 1ng tho

sto.to' e trnini.ng achool o 'for te-e.Ohero to t~.:<e w ~ i sh t~st a.na gcner~l i ntel ligence toot , epiroved by the State :Dh •ectol." of ;..c1.uce.t1on. l'l.·o!~seor ?>1lloy r,~1nta out that :,oy ..

cholcgisio have t oW\6. that en intel li ui•• ttot 1g "" uectttl

o.e high school go.x->.a iu »1~6dict1ns oollese suoceso . Tho

flbi o State tinivorai ~y ee f irst uccd e battery or tosta , but . he found that one gener al int el li.f6noo teet \"H"S na S(l'td, so

t hey h.e.ve been using o~· one s ince the til.·~t ;;ee.r. 'rh0 ttatti

u gcd e.ro t he Ohio St at e Pa~ohol ogi osl Tests commonl y lalo'U a.a the Ohi o. COlle64 Associ at1 ~n test s . They ha.Vo re~uirod. ~l l Ji'l:oehl:lcn t o t c.ko the t esto 1>c51=1us ,ri th the l 9P.6 c lMB , Tho

. ooll.oto ho.a a pi•oi>l\tion eystom t1het"eb3-· a otu~ont ,tno !:takes at

•l , Seo Jl1b l.1ogr<-.pl\;Y , ,1,unbor 0 ,

10

1o~ot c i eht pointe--- llJl A srMe 1a f., poi nt e , a :S 18 2 },Oi nta .

a c i s l point nnd e D 18 0 poi nta---tor tho ~1ret year io nl lowoG. to eo e.i\e~\ tor t ho aoo·.·EA ~-ec-.i:·. ~;\(.n, it ho .:.ia!t6o

,,.,int & ror 'the BG:lOAC\ :,,eer e(w.al to two- til.11.-d& or t.h"' h{\Ul"t

ce.:rriod , ho i a PJ..lo\.."C4. t o oc,nt t nue , oth1.rnit6 ln .. is tt.\\to-

no.t i\1.tdl:· t: 1"01 pod. The Ste.t o tto»e.l"t::,nmt set the :,eoe121t

soo1·c 1n 19~6 a t c. ,l)01nt t•ll1oh 1t0.s cxi;ootcsd. to ~lir.l11~tc '1'"

tei l about 10,4, Bl,.'ad.u.e.11.: r e 1s 1Uls it v.iJ:'v11 i t 1.·ui.eh<;t\. 26r,$ 1n

l 9ZO . rhc ·11ost i iljOrtent i•oeul.ts ..... 1\8 !oll O\•S :

Y~ar-------------- 1926 1s2·, 1$28 1!12$ 1:utlber cntor ine;-- - 681 906 9Zv S21 liithd,:m,, d\U'Wf:r•• - 9 . -~, 10 . 4') 11..-. 6.+,i l et SClilOOtli.l.'"'- - ...... .. l'or oont :Ce.1l•ti--- S. 6~ l t . &',; l l."~ 18.'i~ ~o~»l ~tcd yOt".r- - - - 76' '76'.:. 7(~ sor, Qt t hooo wuo >l0:'1.-• yl ot c(\ f irot year , ).)OA" ocnt tlhO u.&.:.dG- :"2~· ro- Z.£i', 26ll t. C g;'ll.de-----·- · · ~"ho senerul COlliJlU01'>llG e.i•c : :Jo etu~cnt fr.i linl; ill t he

t c:-ts ov c..r t'W.do A gra.-a.e; a f &w IJ:I.G.G f.;. B e;i-&l.>; end 20 to

~8 per ot-ut cw.do l.!t e . !i?he gtno1•a l 1ntell1genoo t oot 1& ta1rly

aocw,o.t e i n t=ine the ot udent o r'ho \/ill. not bo to,,n(\ in the

h1shvr razi)ce ot the ool l ~t o t,ox-k . tho t ostu a.re not

o.,•o\u.•t~te cnot\Sh t o b, uoed. M e. uol o net>ll.8 o~ oxol M i on bo-

or.tu,e "1'"--11,,V rlho 1·~'\: lon oc.n end do O"l:o eo.t ist ao:ti>r:f eoll ego

r ooord.a .

11

,I-<I-",,., r r •

111 ' \:1 ,, .: 'flllllllC ,, J

lleta11 tl>a lllgh 11111>oo1 oad ooll•s• trWlf4ripu frCID tbe

.,.,31awar•a offioa, the n1111bel" of lllfh 001>ool ••••t•r• of

'IIOt1: ult~ t,7 eaab atud..,t in -h of tbe fov claparilo..,to,

1:llsll tll,ilt.tball&\ioa,11 .. tua1 Soimoo,aad Sooial a.1..,oe, vas datam1ne4, 1f ,. ot1'4eot llad tu"" ti<>rll 111 u,e oollege in

'

,,

oae of tl'AI•• 4qat1D00ta 4ulng tba fir1t, 1eoat~r,1t va• oov,:ite4 a• an atra 1me1t,er 111 hi«h IObool.helYe 'leek••

"°'" in oollcg1 vould abo1>t equal a 01111eetor Sal·blsh sollool. 'li!lie apecll1no7 g&1'e gre&ter .... ,....,., in detomlnlng tl>a

aallleTeent •• baeod on tl>e nom• glTe,i In tu !lono••llarr:, oaaual ('1',.l>le l ), 'fbo 41,,.•• of aallleT.,.mt "°oording to tile

otoadard nolli>O 111 tho m.c1e11011 OC11>,ool tlon toat, tba Yl>otn•

clike Word Xnow1e4Je teot,Md tbe Tl>orn<like-iloOall Rea.ding

teat, Mcl tho Sixtoon :lpelling So&1e1,n1 "1ao cletomined,'ll>t

ronlto of tlll• p6"t of tl>t 1t11cl7,g1T.., ill a 1 .. ter aoo\ion,

111o11 the 1t.nclazd of aobio1'eellt reaohocl b1 tl4• part10..iar

81'0~ of atudelltl iD eaoh of tbe folll' parU011lar f1•14e,

':l>t a•dage 81'acl• for tbe tour ,,,.... of 14«h sol>ool and

for tbe Jroalmoa oollege year ill ....,b of the tou partlolllr.r

fie14o no oalolllatecl, An-A graclo ot.rr:le4 S llono1' Polnte, r. B

;racle 4 llonor P ointe,& () er&clo 3 Honor Potnto,r. ll gr&do 2

Bono1' Polnto,&114 aa J IP't.4• 1 r Bonor Point, lfor aeple,a A

1!1'114• tn & 'tn•bour ool>l'OO •t.rn• 10 l!oaor Potnto,!he wtal

llonot Polllto <Ii Tl4ecl b;r the 11oura tu:tn tor tho ••••ter

••• tho gr&4• in4ea,

r ' ,

12

The ne~.t atep 1n the pr-oc6d.u.r·e \\'ts to trmalcte the

acoret mado 1n tho v, rioua teata ~nd tho h1gb rchool nnd

col loco c.v&rAges into T--acoroe . Tho t,r1tor n ede tho T- e :0166

tor Q.!l..:h of the tour deparm.ente i n tho high sehool and.

colle3e recorde , o1ght ~ots in all . Tho T-a1·01~~s tor tho

tests 1:ere mJide t,y Do: n Floyd. s. Lee or t t-o college ,. ho 11

mo.king a ~tud; pcrtQ1n1n.t to tho predict ion of collese aucccae

a.nd mortality. Thia cltw i co ca.kes t ho sco1•ea from t he v&rloua

teats nnd t ~e high echool tnd oolleoe cverages diroctly coc-

t>"-Nlble . Fu.~thermore, it fc.c1l 1tRtea rut.k1•40 t tto correlt.tion

cherts, since the a~mo renge nnd ate~ 1ntervftla ~an bo uard

on each chart . '?he fol lowing ninetee-n iteua r-ore t !'~lRtod 1n c con-.

venient t orm . ( See t.ppor.di :x. h). The t umt•era refer to tho

number ot t 'no colv.ams . Sonoa .. narry School .\chiovo;a.ont teat:

( I I English, P1,rt I; (2 ) ~Athell!stio•, P, rt II; (3) Noturol

Sc1enc:o, P,,rt Ill; ( 4 ) Sociol Sc1ence, Pert :V J ( 6 ) 'fotol

t e~t score; College Record: (6) avorcoe of aomeeter final , gr~do in &l l subjects; ( ? ) 1n R~ etoric; (8) 1n ~ntJ,e~oticc:

(9) 1n ltt.tural Science; ( 10) 1n socl.81 Sc1onoe; Ui,;h School

over age tor tour yoors : (II) 1n ~glish; (12) 1n ~•thomntic,;

( 1~) in He turol Scionoo; (1~) 1n Sooi ol Sc ience; (16 ) 1n ull

Ollbjects· toget her; (16) Hudelson Coc,poaition to•t, (17) 'l'horn-

dil<o !"ford Knor.l ed$e Test; (la )Tbornd1ko- ~cCell Roadlns Test;

(19 ) tho Sixteen Spoll1ng Scales ,

'l'he next stop wtta to enlcult-to t ~o ai ple, cul t ipl o, nnd

pn~t12l correlotione n&edeo in the atudy. Kelloy •s cht..rte ~ere

l.S

used. rnon , by moans of t ho Rogroes1on Zqw,.tion. Soor e ro1'!!t,

oollegt aucceoe 1n oc.o.h Ot the tour f'iol da ~ a :prcd.i c·t ed anG.

t tt.blos oouat:ruoted . In tho f i eld o:r Unglioh , predictions rre1•0 . md~ us i ll6 •1~ ver1ablea ns indioate~ i n T,ble VIII t or 100

oases t ·.:en n.ltern.atcly frou an e.l ~MbeticBl list . A. Oorl.·o-. l s.t1on tie.a then obtniu~d bot HCelt e.otus.l acorco &,G. th6 p1.•c-

d.1oted scores tor t~o 100 oaecs. A sooond pra.1ot1on lff.8 ~a.de to1: 60 of theso eaoo o-&.ses . t altbn -.).toi"!le.tol.:·, u..ain8 onl,r the

aoores ;M.(\e 1n t ho Sonoa- 1.£(.\tty Aphiev&"~ernt Te~t . ~~rt I , And

tho high school nver11o•• i n l!>l6liah ,:.'abl.e VIII sbotra thceo

r esults in <lct ni l. )Iultfplo R,'S 01,a. h•oor.ble E..'"'ror e tre1•0

c-Bl ou.lo.tccl. t\nia.· o.rc wol"ti.,;,· of study. Tho pred1ot1ou.s , t en .

ce.sea enoh, in the other thl.•9~ t1eld8 , we~o trna thr~o va.r1abloo in eaob 4&De , es eited below.

740 e tu~ in :English wc.s based on l'~ I of the Sonoa-

HC.l."rl' feet , t ho oollege t..ud high aohool ccrks in Ul.$11sh, the B\\Aol 8on Co~ ositi on T~et , t Ao Thorndike Word r..nonl edga T~ot , a.net the Th.o>.~6.1kt2- i~o=aJ.l Ret.d1n$ T68~ . 'i'ho stU(\y .in .US.the-. catiac was baso-d on Part II ot. tho Souoe- ~ Test , cn6. tho

o~lloge 6lld high school :ar:.r~:e i n i:O.theoati oo . ~ht et\U\;.1 1n

llc.tui·"l Soiwiooe ns bMed on Po.rt III ot t ho Soneo- Knrry T•at

and tho oollogu and h i gh 1tchool aa.l'ke in Uo.tUl't\l Sci~oee .

Tho stud__. in Sooia.l Soiencos wo.s be.set on t1\o Sonca-1:t'.arry

t~ot , ?art IV, end the colltge snd hi eh school mlrkc in Soc1&l Sotenoeo.

..

IV

S~n.nd.al."418 Attai.ned 1n V0,J.~1oua Achievement ~ests

1>y the Frc 8b."U'.n Claoo !a:nterl.ne; ·tho l'ort llo.~-e i""18tuJ

Stoto Collcg6 tu se»tu~b&r , 1900 . The et•.nderda atte.1ned in tho so--es-!i.e.1-r; liish Sohool

Aohl&Vam,nt teat , (~able III) thG Kuaclaon Typical Cooposi-. -tion J.b1l1ty So.Ble; tll(t 1'.'horu .. a.1:0 :ecat ot i!ol"li. ?Cnowle48e , . tho ~ho1-ndil<O•LOC~ll au~int; S•ol o, t:21~ the Sixteen s»ell-incl Scal es b; thie erou; ot high aohool Scmiore a,,c h•rewith 00::11).{'.rt:d w1 th the no1"Cls !'01· thoso teats .

o:r tl,o 280 Ft-oohDlon; only u~ tool: tho first th1•• o ,-'I.J'to

ot tht. soneo--R.'\rry ~eet and 2Zb t ook the fourtil l)t\rt . :.t"'n'o-

lt\Uldrcd- :tor'lt7"""iiv0: ot\\~onts to4>k the oth\.r f c.Ul' teeta . !'heee

f1&'\.\rd3 rep:i.·ueont tho .n1n1C\'1Jl nwa"oc..ro who toot. tl\o t oets .

Ditte1•t-11ces i n thos:e nU.lllber s ere d.uo to abedn~os 'bo.oo.usd ot si\lknaeo en<~ l'ith.4l-n\ml e . In the; oor1·clat1on.e, o.ajuot:a@te

1roro caclc t .... g1v ~ the : ro_por nw:ab&r ot Jt..8c8 "or uao 1n the

ohart~ . In tho »>&l1sh t ost , ;.>c.rt I, (see 're.1>,los I auO. II) the •oth

~oi.·oe-nti le no1·.i1 f0r ell high s9i.o>l stu~.onte , reeo,.rdleet o:t tho nwnb<ii· o,!' ne:o.esturs or ~ lieh to.kon, a.a given 1n -:;ho <1eta")l1sh-

c0. stand.e.r &.s 1& zs . Cul.y tia of the 2.t!O Ol.' 21.6 pu.· .:hllt toll

below this norm . Taking into oons1G.ore:t1on tho numbor of

anest&rs of l:};igliob tekon end tho nol'Q 'Ivr ce . ..,11 , ot tho 2-4!S

stud.fflts , 1,1,2 oi." 58 pa:r cont ·t<.!ll below their rezpo.:tive nor-o,

Of tho 160 students nllo hc.d tal:on seven ee:i.eot ci:e .ot !ll611oh

I

.. Vl

'l'&ble I ·,·he 5(lth Pei:oent1le Nol'Qo t or t he 8"'1a%nte Testa of the ,;onea-H&rry Jiigh school 4ob1evemen~ Teet:e s:·or the Jumber ot >u,lf Years or &a.ch Subjeot Taken and tor &ll Student• Tu1ng the Bubjeot o.re ae f ollow•: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -l Stmeetor 2 Semester J Setaeot er . 4 Remeater Po.rt: U 111 11it ivl , I 11 tu xv. 1 11 fit tv. 1 11 ut Iv Norm: 27 12 16 17 2a 13 19 20 30 13 21 19 }a 22 26 25 ----- -- --- ------ - -------- ---- ---- - ------5 :leueter · 6 Semeetei- f Semester S Semewter Pazt: 1 11 111 1v. I 11 111 I V, 11 111 tv •. 1 11 111 tv. vom: .42 25 27 23 43 29 3~ 30 55 32 39 30 61 ~l 44 none. -------------- ----- ------ - -- ---- --- -----no:m for all Students Rege.rdleoo o f the Number Of 88l118Btera, Part: l 11 111 lV (#) ,Part l 10 L.,uiguoge Bll4 Literature; P&rt 11 te l!ath.,...t-vo-· "Yn 'I d 10 s5 lOQ', EA.n %1% 11 Zlatl.ml,l 821.c:W:Ult Eax:!i I! l" o.-.- n ...

Table I I Reeults or tb.e Soneo-1!,i.ny JJ1gh Sohool ~ohievOllOnt Test, Port I •

~t1re ~ tire ~tUdents s tudents •otl\l aeed. on 8l:OU!) group b.av1ng 7 lne.v11lg 'J oer ot the ree-bMed op. 1>aaed on semeetere eecoetere illtUdents l9eoti'fe b eelileot- / eemeote of or IN gar41••• :norm of ler nom. nor..i. l'!nsl iah h;"811eh. bt nwober eaob

. br a.,,., group. . . uorm.. aee table 1. ~3 55 55 . 65 39 2:•1:•l>-:iWDber o·t atudente 245 2~ 155 90 2~ 2~

ooun'ted th.wiber students 69 132 u 52 53 . 142 'below nom. Per O!~ or stud-•nt a lO'lf ' 24 54 57 54 21,b ~--

, (l) Th1a percentage """ obtained by tal<tng the nu111l>er or etUdenta in encl> aemeeter vno -we.re below tbe1r norm and oo?ll:J)e.r1ng them with the entire group,

'l'tAble III

Tho Typo ot Content «no tho fo111l>or or I to::.a 1n l/Aoh Sec t ion or tho i:>onoe-Horry Ri sh School Acht ti,•.rent Teat ur <t 01v6n 1n t ho PolloYic,s Ch.:,_r-t.

Pc.rt I . L"'nt,"\lflgo i:nd Li tot-n turv ( 140 1 tua) . llumbor of l\ua.bor or

Sec. tion Itt'WI Seotton t te:ie A. Lringuogo 1-0-~nt ns- - ----- -10 I. Cf,c.n c to1~ &ketcho1--- 6 8 •• "lord Uo• n1ni; -----------10 J , L1to1•Ary P•aaosoa---- 6 c . AbbMv . Prorix• • - - -- --10 K. Litor•ry 'l'bc,:.ee-- ----10 D. Oram. trinc1ploe-------- 6 L. Tech . Lr.ng . vocob.---10 E. Poreicn P>-r•••• ---------10 , .• Oroa. , & Rhot . !'or.:.e--10 1 ... titoro.ry 1-'or.ru.o---- - - ---- 6 II . t1toro.ry Chi,._N\.etox-a--16 o . Re•dine Comproh~neion-- - 8 o. k. . Enc . Au thora---16 R. lntt-ffl.('.tn'l Autl1orship- -lO r. Literary Int~roata- - - ?

Port II , .,ntbe11ct1oo ( SO i te,no) .

fl . ~ ·ndn-..:ont.r la ot li:r.th- '.. .... 30 a. 1~thomAti ccl Concopta--- 10 c. Inter,rotnt 'n or Or.a.J)he- 5 D. F\>nctn ' l Rolotioneh1p---l0

E. oooxotr1e P1SW"<•.-- --· 5 F. Oto~btric ? ol'J:'Ul~• -- - 6 CL OOOr! tttry 'j"'hec..r12ma ----lO H. tAt.taJ:;g.ticnl ?onrulaa- & .

Port IlI. Uaturt'l Soi encoa ( .. O i tea:.a) .

A. llo.tur.!1.l Sch·nceo-- ------ S B .. Scian..,<• P.r-oct&d~• - - -----10 c. Clt1>•1f1c<tt1on---------- :, D. SC10 DCU Prino1plo•-- ----10 ~. tium(.!'fil.l v,~1uoo-- - - ------ .0

F . Rxt :-o::ioo 1n 110.turo----· S G. 7ruiafoht •n ot. t:ne,r 57- lO H. Sc ience &toriee - -------15 I. Sc i ence l n1trumont~---- S ;f. ~c1tn, 1at•-------------lO

Pt rt IV . boci ol Stud1•• (ll~ 1tt~•) .

A. C1v1c Intor. ., t1on.-- - - ---l 0 n. ..:1 vie I 1:1 fo f"I:.,-, tion- ------20 C. l't-11:oue ru::ori cttns - ----··-10 D. Book;;ro11nd ot Civ . .. --:.--13 E . J-.:Vent6 1n Am . 1'1at . ........... 15

16

P. C~nrcoter or Hlstory-- 10 O. Ir, terr.!' t1on'll Atfe.i s•a-10 H. Plaoo 000;;1·&~ -------10 I. Bconomitte---- - - - - - - - - 6 J, ~oono~1C Vocn, u.lor,--- - 10

. '

17

1n blgh oobool, 88 or 5? ii•r .... , foll b"1ow lbO·nom of 55.

o·t tho 90 vbo l1o4 Ukon n1no ,.,.e,tor• of 11\iglt •11. 52 or ,S per oent t•ll b"1ow tbo rotlliro<I nom of 6~. fl>e three aonlM

ope,it in 0011, .. ll11e1or10 ola•••• wa• oov.nted •• an addo4 •meeter in 1111111 cobool ills11•h.•J to vbath.., tblt is J\ltt1•

t1eb1• or not,i1 a dobat..ble queet100 , TIie oollege llbg11oh

11!.ght not be of ad,...tago 1n uowor1ng queot1on• 1n • bllill>.

cohool aobl • .,..,..,, test. 'Zhe 8"•11,11 m1aht 11&•• done J11ot u tall 1n l~t.,.ber as 1n »oo ... ber, the 110n. tor n1no ,.,..,.

tore no roaoho(I b7 llltorpolat1on and m~ not be tbo true

one. COJ1114onns th.a ent1ro ca'•"-' •• llr>11i11S M4 tis tueo• tor• of llosli•h. 69 or ao per oonl foll belOO' tba nolOII of 03,

U11ng the non, of 55 for thole oho l1a4 Uken """"" ,..,,,tori

of lngl!oh.l)a or Ptl' oenl fell belov the non,, Xn tbl• •1114:, of llnsli oh, it ol1oul4 be borne in m1n4 that not -.11 ot the :blgb oolloolo rotlli re eight ••••tore ot •11111!1.Xn "ff.eO' ot tlllc,rt 001114 ••"' Juot to apeot the groUJI to at leaot -.tt&io the oeTc ••••tei: otM4a1'4,lf tlll• 11 done,tlll• 81'0\IP

10 •er:, n...,. the no""1,ao alao•t ,o p"ro""t roaohed tt,tblu

a:ro11,11 •••• to be nonurJ. in all t:,pee of llllglt eb •• opt tba Ccapol1 tlon, ·ao 9!11 be pointed 011t DOU' tbt 01010 of this

ceotto.n. ln ll1>tllll>•t1•• (f~l• IV),the aolll••••nt 1, IOUOh b1tt.er

than in t bt ~&litb 50th perooot11e. 'the nol'II tor thO ..,tire

l!l'O\.'lP reg&rdle•• ot the D1"1'bor of ••••tors or llatb«a.,t ioo t-.kt11 1.1 18,ot tl>a 24S et\ll!eat• •ll> t ook the teat,onl:r 29 01'

1a. per o•t teu.. 'belov - the 11oa.iu1ns into OOJ1ttde,-at1on thl 111a'bor of ,,..e,ttro tal<oo and the non. roi-. O&GI>, 13 or 30 »•r

18

oont f'cll bclo,, their r cepoct1ve n l')ra& . Ot th& ts Pho ll84

t t.'.~Gn tow.~ ocmesters of Et\thema.tice, aa or ~Q por oout ~or e below t he ~cl/_u1:rccl noro wh1oh 1a 22, t ho 89 >1ho had t okon

f1'\"o sem.eat('li·e , 27 or ZO por./cent woi•o below the n o1"'CI of 2,5,.

Of the 5S Who ho.d. t aku eix aemcat e1•s , l Z or 22 l)Or ct1nt ttoro

below tho noN ot, 2~. I t is in~eroet ins to note t b.a.t ot t ho Ml etudents who took the t eat , only nine h~d hc.d less than

fom.• oet1est.e1•a ot t:at honati os in high eohonl. s01.io eohoolu

otter f"iV(II 01· six se::oetc.,1•e . 0'81118 the nol."ll of 2S , t ho s t~-

erd t or those 11e.v1ns t1ve ecneators , '1Z or ao 1>01• ceni no1•'J'

b&low. t;rh1e would indi c~o tba.t t he s,.~u:.> ie a.b?ve the stsnd-

erd . uv!dently l!nthomat.1.oo ie bei:18 r equire'd in cost ot o:.!J.• high eohool & o.n6. 10 b&11J8 r,ell te.'16ht. Thia 1• of 1nte:-ost in

f aoe of tho fAct t hr.t about al:. yem:a -.so tho Ste.t o »oi,srtmont

of £6.uoe.tion t ook Ut.thenetioe f1•om t he reqttir&d l!at . B'Vid.tntly

tho 0tudonts 1u t his coll•e• ,,r e not tl\\Oh 1nte,,eet cd 1n llttthe-

ca.tica , $.4 otlly 62 of t he 245 t ook on.y ~t~E.U:.O.ti cce , et least

f or tho fi~at year. In !!e.tural. Soiouce, eee 'i'e.blo v , the norm for t ho 6ntil.•e

Sl't>\\P i•csai·4.leea of tho- nunbor or eoaeetox-e tC.:::"n is 19 .

Seventeen or t he V..$ or aovtin p6~ cent WOl G bflov the ~oro. ~tL'=in& into 0011Si doratiou the nuui>e1• ot e~meators t alt@ Nl~ the

1•e4\t1roQ. no1.•;i tor each. 110, 01• per cent ot the 245 uero

bolo~ tlioir ~eopcotivo norns . c,t the 61 nho b&d t pJ:c» t our eec-

oat6r3 of Zaturel. Science, 16 or U cent Y.oro bolow the ' uor tn ot 26 . ot tho -d.'l llho h.o.d to.ken five socest e1·a, l :J or ::2

po1• cont troro belo'l1 the nol'Til ot 2? . rt t ho 06 r/ho hnd tP.Jtcn

oix s emcatc1.•0 1 <il or 65 . 0 per cont ,,e.-e 0 0-loH tho norm ot, t4.

-

.. ,0

. Results of <he 8011ee-Bu- Hi""' SOhool >.ohievecaent Teet. l'·- • · ~U4enta

. . Qt11"9 Studento tudente otal no. Based 01

l>aV11'S 4 i,u!,ller lle:r1ng 5 bav1ugs b bf Student tbe NB• e,1. of based on eefdeeter• pr more l.ogardlea1 peot1-ro

11atb. sea. ot llath. Ian. or bt no ... , i. nona of ~t8Ddard as.th. ea9h gro,

llol'Q, Seo ·t able I 22 25 25 29 18 yee Tao-o I

11m0er o----, atw..-.en1.1J 98 245 1.19, 58 245 24';; ··<1 ~~=;:. I.":- . 33 . 73 13 29 73

i?!f oent or etw;ient 30 . 22 12 33 30 30 (l)

011' . table v

Reeulto of tbe eones-Harry H1gb 8~hool Aoll1evoment -re~, PAr1i III• Bt\!4onts 13tudents Stwl.snt; Student Students Total DO B,...ec1 01 ~v1ng 4 ~l\V1J>g 5 h 8T1ug having t a-rtng ot atll(I- t he reo~

' • ll!emootor, ~e~Rter • eeu. o· '/ ..... 891il• ente re- peot1Te lot llo.tur• lof llatur L H°• So • gardleas mean of

. al 8o1en-1..1 ~o1en no. of each 09 oe· . .,,,. aro·-

form oee r .. ble I 2b 27 311 39 44 19 s ee Tai>-le I

• Nwaoar of atu.a.ente 117 . 56 43 245 245 . .ounted b7 . 32 oi etudenta lb 15 31 27 23 17 110

O• ow nora. ~er oont o t student 24 32 55.5 63 70 7 45 (1) below - -~--··-·----·-- - ·- .

(1) Thie i,eroentsge tta obtaine& by tak.1»8 the nu:nber ot et'Udents in eaon aneater no were DelO\r tlle1r non\ and oomps:t1ng them with t be entire

.

8l'OU>)•

'

--

.. .

tho 45 r,bo had. t akan ocv6:!. eemestors , 27 or 6Z pox- oont

wer e b el.ow th• 'iion, of i9 , Of tho 32 who had t o.kcn c16ht

oouoatere , or mvr e , 2Z or 70 per c~nt W6ru below t he uom ot 44. 'ihis otud.,v sho'tra t hat those 1n tho u.1,pcr levels -,r thoee

l1bo have t eJ.:(ID. the mout 1101•!-: failed t o roa.ctl tilo r oo.uh•ed JJ/"rc&•

llhon t ho uhola nro'-'» la t hl"omi t ogot ne1· &nd the l't-r oentesea ' below con&ide1·ec~, the stMd.f.'u.•,la e.J.•e uoecdod. .

rllo oho>u!.ng in Soo1e.l Sc1unoo s iv.m 1n (Table VI) 18 beet

ot nl l . 'Zhe 60t h yvroentil.e ucrci t r iho 4-ut-11·0 oro,,::.> 1.•o,r....rdlcas

of t ho nuo"ocr of eor,.103tt,1•a t M:on ie 2~ . Cone1dcrln6 the entire

sroup ot 2311 who took t !J,18 pnrt of tho teat, 40 01• l? por

cont \Tero below t he st andard . ~e.k1.ng into oon.s1derat 1on tho

number ot se;uestcra t f.l.kttn &nd tho norm for co.oh , of the 2Z5 otudents, G~ or 2? i,er cent tlo1·e bcl o,: the1r r¢o,Pcotivo n .- x-;::s .

Of t ,he $1 ,,ho l1e.d. t0.::{(:n tour se:iost ers or loss , S 01• 16.6 »or oont nere bclou the norm ot F.5 . or the 42' who had. t oJ::on f ive

cemoetore , 11 or 26 per cent wero bol~w the noro ot 2$ . Of

tho 46 v;'tlo h.0.4 t a.l.:6n a i x so111estcro, i .or 20 por cont \!e1-o

belor.1 the n o1~ o'E ao. Of t ho 116 1tho h.o.d taken a even sem-

6Btera, ~s or :;4 per cent woro below t he norm or i s. It 1& very evident tllet t hi n sroUl1 1a ooru,i dcrebly above the ata:ad,

ru:de 1n e?cry oose . In the iru.~•l•on 'l'ypionl Compositicn Ab ility Soele, the

standard neon tor high ocbool Seniors 1a 6.'l . This group had

a r.ieNJ. ot 4.25 , l1hioh 1s tho at andc.rd. ot e.ch1evement tor the . s ixth gi.'8.C.\o . suoh n ohow1ns doss not spet\lc ver-y rtell i"or tho

co~poaiti on ab111t~ ot tho srou».

.. ..

•

T"'ble VI

lleaulto or tbo 8onos-lbl':ry Higb School ~ob1.,.,ement Teat, P"rt IV.

Btwlento Gtudento Studento Stwlente otal no. Baeed on he'fl.ng 4 11av1ne , i>aYiDg b ,.,v1n.,s 7 "f atwl- ~be re•-ae1eeoiero ae:eeatero eonea-iere ee~c~ere ~nte re !)$Ct1-,e or 8 oc1al ~r s oc1el ~r 8oo1al ot 80C1al if4td.l••• llOX'<I ot 8o1enoo ~o1enoe 9c1enoo S01enoe ot' sec. leach

grO\ll)•

. . See Tt1ble I llOrlll, 25 2$ 30 J6 25 see Tab-. l o I Rumber or .-cudonts , 31 112 46 116 235 2}5 counted . Hwat>or or etudouto 5 ll 9 39 40 64 non.

1Pe% cent ot ••wl-enta below nor•. 16.5 _I

26 311 17 27 (l) (l} Tb1o pe%0entage wo.a obtained l)y tal<1"6 the nl.13bO% or otwienta in ep,ob aea-

eeter vho wore below t he1r u.ora an.4 0021>u1ng tbo• 'fl th tbe entire £'1'0Ul)•

•

•

•

tl'.e .,...., of UII • gl'oup ln the Tbo.-ndlkc Teat of 'ford

Koowledge 1 a 73, fte """" tor ninth gr&de t.igh aot.,ol at.m-

en to ie 64 and tbe mean tor. able oolloge etudente 1• 88, A

ocore of 73 11 almo•t midw-.y bettteen tbeee two aooreo &nd vo\lld 'IIU"ront th• conol~aion tb.t tl:.io groll!) of ot1'd.eott

were up to otlOl'ldi.l'd. 1n _re,peot to wort kno'tledge,

la tlu! 31,:t!'m Spelling Sdaloa,tiot Illl,tbe ., • .., of .

a otendard twelfth grll4e fl'O\IP it 73 pet' oent,'lld.e groYp

made a mean toore of 80 per O•.nt,11b1oh obow• t~At they o.re

oonOider&l>~)' above oorm"1 in OJ1ell1ng ab111 ty, &,m,ary: Tiu! group 1• about nor,,al 111 'lbgliah,l'&J't 1,

of tbe Soneo-l!ai-ey lllgh Sobool #h!evcn.,,t Toot; in tfatbo•

mat1c1,Part II,70 prr oent are equal. to or above no1,nc1.l• in

llatur;l Soionoe,Po.rt Ill ,about 110"3\"'1; 111 34o1s.1 Soienoe,

P&S"t 1:V,73 per oeDt •re o~\l&l to or al>o1'e the et.at1dard; in

the Budeleon 'l:»ical Oompooi tion "'1>111 tJ i!d'ale only otxtb

er~d• ability 10 otom; in the 1>,orndike.il;oCall Reading

&rale,the gro~» 1• norc"1; in the Tborndike Teat of Word

Xno..-ledge,about nom..t; and in tl:e 9.\x\ean ~elUng Soales,

the group 1 • aboT• nomal. Tl'.a ,. • .,. ia ?2 per oent and tll1•

gr-oup mad• a meiJ'l ecore 0£ 80 per oent. 1 t ceee •a.t• to con•

olu~• tt.at tM • grolll) 10 n to ataztard in hiSll eo!,ool &Obi OT ...

ment 1n th••• fov:r field• exoept 1n 111l3lilh CQ01po"1tlon.ti,10

•ho•• only 01xtb p"4o "1>111 ty, in mew of tl:10 at~y, thl t

o-ov;p or col lege :rreem.en al".ould do &Yer11ge oollee-e worll.

23

V

Correlntiono Bfi•od on the Result~ of Vor1oua· cngl1ah

Testa o.nd High Scbool and Colleao \ Jorks ond tllo P,.e61et1on

ot Col lege Succeaa in £ngl1eh.

Tt\e Corrolction TDbla, Toble VII, sho~a tho &1mple

corrolat1ona between occh of the c1x vcr1nblee, nGme ly, {Xi) , . Record in College ftb eto,•le; (~), Sonee .. flnr't")' Hi t h School

/!cl'l1evement Tea t, Port I : (X3,>, 51Gb School Reoot-d 1n f.'ng -

l1eh; ( )4), Bu~eleon Typiool Coe poe1t1on Ability Soole: (X5) ,

Tho Thorndike TcPt ot .. o1'd 1'nov ledg o: t,nd (Xe), The Thorn-

d.1\c:e .. w.cCall He , d1ng Sea l ~ . Also th& ee\ll t.s ot the pa rt16l

corrol a tione bet\.ieon eoch t1-o voriw.bltte, in turn, with the

oth~r four held .!On&-to.nt.

Mone ot tho correla tion& Ol'O h16,h , The corrolRtion be-

t .:een (Xi ) Co ' l•e:• hhetoric Recol'<I end <¾l Soneo - Eu•ry ll 10h

s chool Acllievement Teat, Port I, is . 5 ,:1th PEr or .0.}2.

The corr • l ntion bet ween t he Col le5c Heco!·d 1n Rhoto1•1c tmd

("O.Cb of ·t bo other ,•e..riablca 1s below this figure: . The Co-

efficient of PArt1ul Correlction ~•t~een vcrlnbles x1 r.nO

~ - •1th the other rou~ held tonstont la .27 ,1th a PS~ or .04;

botneeo X1 and x3 with tho other four held consto..nt, a2 ~1th

o. P8r ot .04; tho other correl&tlone ronoe rrom o.os to .04.

~bey oro too low to be ot value. Thus, it 18 ov16ont t h t

thee vc:ri e.blea., Xz end X~· '1111 bo.vo t t-e moat val ue 1n J)l"'O-

d1ct1on. A s t ud~ o!' the res resslon e4uat1on worrant, the

eOao conclusion . Tho r esr ~sslcn oquntion used in prediction

1a cs rollowo: Xi• .30½ + .2u3 + .04Y.1 • .o?X6 • ,06¼ • l?.

., ..

• Tablo VII

Ta.bl& of Coofftotents of conolatton Baaed on iho Resulte of Vt\l'toua ti,altah Te ets and Rtgh School on<l College Vsrka tn !Dglteh•

. rxoehrr<an ~t gb Sci.boo Bll!)l SOhool HU4eleon Thom- "'llotu41te-college ~ob.1eve•n Reoord 1n r.0111p0at- dtke loCall 'Cnglteh eat, P.a.rt Englteh t1on~ Teet word Teet Re&dt n« Record I L; N•tt·

"l X2 X3 x,.

•zeehm.eD 1 .00 .~ .1;2 , 31;2 ,1123 ,J2b ,olleffe -~ teh · l oo t . t gll Sohool .50 1.00 ,43 .• 4& . .&5$ .454

!cbleve.~eu'; ri eat . Pt • 1 x~ . K1gh School . ~ ~rd tn ,42 ,43 1.00 .403 • 393 , 29

i ah x-:tudelson o:apoe1t1on .. --. . - .Jl,2 .46 .403 l,00 .514 /12&

hOrndtke l ord "rest i ,423 .658 .393 ,514 1.00 .544

ooetfioteute ot Pants]. oorrelat1on t,e~ween x1 &1ld each of ine other Tarlablee. 1n turn> wttb the other tour held oonetant~

• 245b equals .22 X14 • 235& equal• • 2345 e<IUtll• .055.

.04.

fl>a Soaeo0 ller~ llllh Sol>oot AolneTaiont Teot,P..,t 1,ht.o

'""'"' and one•bt.lt tb>eo tl,o weight ot tbe Bu4e1oon Teot;

oTer to,u, times the ftlue ot the !l>orn4ike l'"r4 Te•t1 ac4

sis t/.llel tbe ftl.111 ot ti!• Tl>omd11,e·-¥o0all l\"64.lng Sdale.

lo tbll equation tbe l!ttll lfel>ool. lleoo!I<. 111 111811•11 i., traa

three to ti•• tuae• the Tal11e or tho laot t~e,ITarlableo

111•«1 a~oTe.tablo VlSS 11>owo. tll!I re1U1t1 or an att•pt to pll'Hiot -•••• in l1'ro111nan Ooll•s• aiaitell by appl)'ID/1 tbe

&l>oTo r,..,,111011 e<1ut1011 to one lomdre4 ••••• eeleote4 al•

aoot al tornatol:, tr<B &11 a1plabet1oal 111t ot tbooe ct\>ll«>t•

•bo took thl teato. lotio, tlat tlla P:1( eot. X1l 11 i,1111 or

aln•• 1o3 Obi.le th8 aotual a•er•s• errol!' II pl111 or 11111'<11 6.24.

Till o difter.,.oo I• likely llue to poor -pltns. 'tile Ooetr101 ent

ot Kllltlple Correl ation ot tbe aboTe olx Tari&bleo 10 .57 •b11e tho (rt bet,0111 n,a aotual and pre41ote4 C4or•• ot tilt

100 oaeee In Jreot.,:tA College Bllotorlo lo .SS4 • flit• 11 111•

4enoe of tbe &0ouao:, ot tb& 0&1011X .. t1on1 &114 or tile Talue of

tlle pl'o41ot1ont, 1111•• tile .Talue-of thl Sen••·-~ &sh Sol>ool AO!JlOTI•

a111t Teot ,P..,t I , tA4o6f tho 11!.gll flsllOol 11o;rllOII Record no

so .,uoh greater thlA tbQt of tm othl>' tooto,1 t n• 4••• f.4Tlaab1e to set a resr,111011 e~uatioa "8ln1 01117 tile t ....

abo•• naell ftl'l.ablee.'l:111 • e,a,iati on. fo1101tu Xi 8 .• J8X2 plu ,24X3 plu• 190

rarty of tile too o4lsee(! .. ble '/III l '"" tn tbe ti rat p>'e-41otlon vare ae1eoto4 a;i.,oot alternateJ.7. !lie !1W(e1t.X1l to

plu1 or a,in110 ~,34 1tb11e tb& Mtual •••ras• error I• pl11• or

•

Tablo VIII Prcd1ot ~d sooros in Collogo J;nslioh :Baa•~ .,, S1x v,o,1~blea &.nd 'l!hro6 vex-iablea: 100 cues and. GO Ce aca , Reepeot<v~,,.. . - -

:;,.."\g- H. S. --Thoi, hol"n Coll P1--ed.1ctc,t,~o .... ,. ... St\t<\- l1sh :sng- oloon dU:o 1)-o egc ~ix X 68 :;_ l'08t 11sn C<>np. 'i{O~. end- ):.\I/;. Vt.r1- i.rr, ~ari- :;rr-

• Re- ~cat lne Aot - able, or abloo or bor I 001·d ost \U!.l . ft• . . .

-4(, ) 7 58 53 45 55 4Z 57 53 M - ~(b s 38 43 115 39 36 45 0 i1 42 38 (.8 tC) . 27 Z0 4 3 13 46 l S 13 52 ZS 41 Z9- 3::, 150 46 -4 H• 38 46 55 ¼3 40 . 50 ,: -5 ¼4 - 6 'l.? 50 46 .48 46 65 45 48 3 ·19 56 46 S7 46 43 57 50 - 7 51 - 6 21 .38 53 45 43. 55 50 47 -z 23 54 :4 29 35 43 as 46 lO 48 l2 2~ 45 61 48 !50 50 Sl l I 27 38 43 55 4.3 4,3 45 45 ·o -l 2s no 61 52 43 61 Jl? 5o -4 ~l GO 43 60 . 7$ 67 6<! 52 -12 ,is - 16 u 40 5? 41 60 61 57 51 -6

56 49 48 66 ?2 . M 04 -10 52 -12 3? 50 40 55 55 72 40 48 8 ; 2 3~ 47 49 60 . 46 50 47 !50 li 19 41 42 42 52 46 50 30 ~6 16 <14 58 43 45 43 50 50 50 0 Ill l 47 50 38 37 43 55 50· 47 - 3 eo 62 56 60 - 60, w 64 . ~s -s $6 -s 51 '12 38 41 ~l 5~ 50 ,is - 5 ~3 52 5Z 48 i3 . M 51 -13 51 - 13 5:; M 38 55 51 61 45 50 r, 58 65 61 48 60 55 6? 58 1 68 l 60 34 u 45 ;,II, Z3 36 41 0 63 42 43 48 ZS ~o 45 45 0 45 0 65 4? 43 4S 5/S 60 40 48 8 6? 6? 47 52 55 37 . ·45 f'•fl . 10 ·s 11 71 52 sz 52 46 46· 57 ~l -6 ?3. !;2 zz 41 35 tt· 36 45 lO 4? ll - <-76 ' S 61 72· 73 ?2 ~7 59 2 73 ;;s ~l 52 as 40 Z6 ,6 lO 46 10 so 52 68 ·~8 46 ' 50 ,~ 5< 5 82 15 :,c 48 4:il 50 . 67 60 ( 51

. --17 6Z .. 48 51 u 50 ~a 3 ·86 53 53· 5: . 43 67 52 - 3 52 - 5 88 45 G3 52 43 ~? 50 46 - 4 so 60 49 52 55 50 . 40 51 l l -o 10 92 47 49 15 30 2? 50 . 47 ..::; S4 52 49 52 46 !~ ~Q 50,. 8 50 0 ~6 4\\ 56 <15 46 1 ~n·

26

,;c,,.'l...).o, 1111 oonttnued. 98 56 4! ~ [ Z9 37 40 61 ll 02 le l OO <I?. 38 •1 43 Z7. u 44 . 8 102 0() 61 37 61 46 &?' :12 - 5 4$ -G 104 42 4;; l,? 61 55 50 <I? -3 10? ~6 68 62 60 <13 0() 60 10 109 50 2t. ,,a 4:, 6!> 50 45 - 5 ,3 -? l l l 00 4:, 05 61 43 50 49 - l l l3 4 2 <19 <16 :..5 50 0() <17 - 3 11? ., , 1 61 46 ~6 t-6 69 l3 12 119 42 i,3 4l zo I)() 45 4? 2 122 68 6l 66 66 0() 60 -4 60 - 4 l~ 4? 5l <18 2l M 4l <,? 6 12? l\2 5:, 62 51 "'° 60 :ll 1 51 l 129 66 6l 79 66 . 0? 6l 76 "' 131 ~8 50 &3 ,z 55 411 ~a 8· 02 ? 1:a w 66 u 39 37 33 4"' ll •l-4 ll 135 42 <16 G6 .:.i 46 30 47 l7 l4l 61 50 45 3&- so 66 .,,.. -10 ~6 -10 142 :,s 6~ ~8 zo 50 30 45 16 1~ 50 53 48 01 55 4 6 02 ? Ill 6 14? 28 32 41\ • 39 43 50"' 39 -ll 149 62 o·; ?2 05 60 6'1' 06 - l •6 - l 162 ~.r, 38 42 :.~ :l? 41 5 153 c.s 38 a? 66 ~3 49 16 Ol 18 l ~S 42 6:. 06 60 50 45 48 - 5 15? !54 64 68 &S 61 6<. e-. -10 ~2 -8 159 411 46 37 61 60 oo· 48 - 2 162 u 58 3? 46 !I() 4G ,2 - 3 41 - 4 16<1 Gt 01 37 06 ~;z <.S 51 6 166 68 04 60 65 72 67 00 l 68 1 169 <17 66 48 61 r,1 67 52 - 6 l?l 63 116 66 66 61 71 68 -13 06 -16 . 172 ?S 63 60 66 79 4'\ 60 16 174 <11 68 46 61 46 ? l 53 - 18 03 -18 1?6 42 ,r t 7 zo 67 40 4? 7 178 ll() 6$ 66 &l 46 60 G2 2 51 l 184 u. 40 41 3~ 55. 42 2 61 lS6 60 68 6~ 6l 61 4~ 5< 8 188 4 2 46 45 01 40 40 ii 7 46 6 1~2 G~ Gl 60 66 61 67 2 . lS4 58 46 66 66 61 60 4 61 . 1S6 ::16 as ;;2 Z9 32 45 <10 -5. 1~8 42 u· 46 St '<,7 65 63 -?. 45 ( 201 'IS 68 62 ?3' 6? 64 66 2 204. 62 ~3 60 ff~ 60 O? 65 - 2 O!I - 1 206 <15 6Z <IG 43 61 4G 49 4 208 4P. 61 ?5 Gl '/2 01 -13 47 - l' 210 61 67 62 . 66 61 46 66 11 219 61 01 60 60 60 50 GO 0 54 223 ;14 61 62 60 61 " 65 _o

'l' l>lo VIII .. 227 ... , 61 62 60 2~0 58 56 56 65 2Z2 4 2 <Ill 60 5~ 2ZS D8 17 C•5 :11 2-1a. 50 o? 62 GO

45 -a~ -5 • <!,5 ;;5 250 64 -l6 5 2 55 252 ~2 44 52 <Ill

• . 1 . ..

l'l>( ~st X1 l . .

,. ontinu d 0 •

6? 6, 61 5? 3? <,() J,(J so 43 i 6 .

~3 55 46 50 lIB 36

• V 54 55 4'1 ll2 6~ 42 51 45

- 10 '2 -lll - 2 ? 2 51 l ·

l? L. ll ,- ' 44 -l

45 g

6. M 1.00

5, 3 fi . 2~

Tho i.'i.\l.lttpl o R i s .67 . !!.'he cocf':f1o1ont ot Corr0:J.e.t1-,,n betrceeu the actual a.rui. l)rodi o.tel\ scores ot the 100 oe.eos 10 .~u.

'

•

•

23 . .

' w.nua ? . oo. It is l!Ort~ or not1oo t he.t tho Probo.olo Error

the eotitl~toe in bot~ oeees . predict1one f'roc both resi~oeeion equet1ona , is e.hloet th8 atui1e , plu.e or m.inug 5. a ~.n&. :Pl,,.a or

min\18 6.U. Since this is tho OEl.SO , t ho Sonee- Sa.rry lliSh School

Achievement i oot , h:r.~ I, c..nU. tho lii@. Sohool Rcco1·d 1n Eng-

lisl:l a.,.·• JUDt as V!\lut.ble 1ll l)1·eclict1on of l1reshmon Coll06•

Rhet oric ae io the ueo of the other three ttsts. Iu oither

oeee 1 t 1o oerta1ll tho.t tho ohmooe arc even t a t t l:lo actut.l

soorc w1l1 not ve.ry ove1• -pl \\S O!' ~12\\i,S $ . 3 !':i:·om the prediotol\

D0')1' {UJ •

VI Corrolation.e :a.i:.uscd on t ho Rti8'Ulttt of th& Soues- HL\r-17

ID.sh Sohool Aohi &vo:-.ont Test , Pa.rt: I I, and H1$.h School Nld

Coll •&•=~• 1ll l:cthomnt1oo ro1& t he l'r•d1ot1, ns of Colloso

Su.oooss 1n ?!e-thomat1oa. Thc' sones --l!a.rJ:7 Rish Sohool A.oh1ovecent ~cat , Pt.rt II,

.raioh <l.oa l s nth 1:atbec,a~ics , and College R&tlllSII 1ll !iAtho-

ma.t1c8 have c Coott1oicmt ot Co1"l.•ol~t1on ot .~ with & Pbz-

ot pl us or Qinus .0~6. AlthoU(,h t h1o ooott101e,1t 10 n ot large ,

1 t does 1nd-.1co.tc c. 1•el&tion8hip bott1oc-n cohi ~vemont e.e mceaurcd

by the test en~ t he eoholestio ratings 1n Collco0 l.!o.thow,.tica.

The Proilnblo El.·ror ic l.G.rge . ,,bich i e likely d.\\O to the ennl l

nucbc1· of oaaca. a ixty- t uo . Qnly sixty- trio students of this

Fresd.lMll c1ass. ol eot od )t&theia.e.t i os tor the f iret ~e&1·.

Tho l!l.Sh Sohool .,_vo1"'6') 1n :;athruo.t1os and tho rstin;;"' ill

. .

30

Coll ogo l!nth.-..,..t1oa h&vo a Coorr101cnt ot Corrolat1on ot , 28

Hith !1 Pl½ of plus 01• minus .• 0 '19. Thie ooctf'1c1eut ie a l l3o

l o1i' , but indicates eo:iio rola.t1onoh1p between c.chiov011tent 1n

high oohool and rohi cveQcnt in. oollege 1n l!a.thoma.tios . :rho

PrOb&ble Eri""Or 1o al s o large . 'lllo aoores of: t he Aohlevement Test oll4 tho E1e:h School

averD..Soa in J£atho0ati o,s have a Coett1o1cnt ot Correletion ot

.OS& .,_,1th tt. PEr of p lus or minua .0848 , -.mich 1e al.coot ao

l a~ge a8 the coett1oi cnt . 2h1s coott1o1cnt is too ar.t.ll to

be of Cll,Y vaiuo in ~red1otion . By ttca.nc of Partial Corrc.l ation uo t'ind the Coeft1c1eut of .

Corrclo.ti~i:1 between the Aohiov~eut Test ooorea· o.nd Coll ege _, Rnt inss 1n :t::S.t bci!W.ti~s , ·tfith llish School ci.vcragoa hol'd. oon-

ote.nt , t o bo • 328 ;:1th a ·PSrot p lu.o 01• rJinu.& .0'76 , r<hil e tho.t

betncon !Ugh School eve,,_• Md College Ro.tin&> , with Aohtovc-

Q@t Toat a ooroe hel d o~netant . la .u~ wit~ e PEr of l.O?S , Thus the Aoh1cvc~cnt fest sooree ruid High Soho ~l AVCl"8,6es in

:;atheoatico ai,;ieo.r t o havo c.bout equ.el val;.te in prccUct1o-n.

utilizing tho Score Form of the Reereseion l'.qua.tion. P O

hl>.vo : Fro•h:oen College Recoi'<'l in !!athecatice (X1), H1&l> School Aoh1cveuent Teet, Po.rt I I, ( Y-11 ), end lileh School averasce ill !!&the!ll<\tics ( JC;;); x1 : ,31X2 t , 28X3 t 19.

~e Rogr&oai~ ~~tion cleo 1nd1cr tes that those last nto

vllrJ.abloe have about eQ.ue.l \tc1ght. 1'h& Coott1o1o.nt ot ;.:v.ltipl o R 18 , 42 t1hioh is )10t indicative of BTOat pi·• ·

. d1ct1vo V$lue. Teble IX ehows tho pr ed1ot1o.n.s mado on ten cues aelco·t cd. at rcw,dcm, oxooi,t t h&.t they \701·0 solcotcd fr<im

31

oasoe llbel'e no eoore&J Yet>• 1••• tbul 40 1107 aor• ti.n 60e

'lw, l'll(•1t,X1) 11 i,lu1 or 111nu1 5,8 llblle tbo aotual aYer"4!e

error i• J>luo oir 111.nlll 3,3, ,bl, <Ufterenoe 11 11Jldoub\e4ly

dlle to JIOOI' celeotion 1,114 U,e uae of co t• •••••• &pJUen\17 the sott "' oan uy ot tile ftlue of tble llegre101on llqutiOD

i" ii,at tbere are 9930 obauoea in 10,000 that the pre4iot..a cooro• ot around SO in College (IIIOoeto in ll&tbaatiot "111

to.11 betw..,. 27 1,1111 73 or Pl"• or 11inl'$ (4x~,8) t.44""- to SO, J. coaro ot 27 .-auld 'be &'blWt an ll (lllllAe ,rblle a 73 1'01114 be

neu an J. jp'&de. 'llle al!&Doe, are ,,..., tll&t a pr~ote4 ooore

of so 1'01lld tall bet,re,a 44,2 alld s~.s. ,~ ¥1.llti:ple JI ot ,42

tn<Uoatoe that there "111 bo .""0\ldll cooreo at u,, upper 1,114

10110<' on4s of tl>I Ollr'fe to i,roduoe o 1011 oorrele.tion bettten

...,,u.1 M d pre<Uoted coorec,

\':It

Oorrelo.U one llaaed on :P&l't 111 ot tho Sonec•lilrr:, 81gll

School J.ohl<t"'"'"'' Teet and 111.gll Sobool end Oollege ll&l'kO 111

llat\11'&1 S,,ienoe "'111 tu PredioUon of College SIio•••• in

llat\U"&l Sc1enoe, Tbe So11e1•11ai'17 lll811 School A.oble-...,ent Teot coor11,l'art

l!X ,ta :lat\U"al Soi«loe, end Oollego It.tins• ln latur.,i Soieoe ha Ye a Ooottiolent ot Oorrelation ot .35 "1th a Pl!I ot plu• or

m!nu• •°" 0fbt.• orror ie abo~t one-ninth of the oorrel&t.ion

tndioatlncr t1>1,t tbe oorrolatton 1 • luge eno~ll to allow ""'e

relaU OJI bet••"" ti»•• t,ro ffll'ia!>1••• Tl» lllSb .. hoot 1>•er&8•• in l11tlll'al Soienoo and tho Col•

l•s• S..tinge in llatUl'al lloi.,oe i,s-.e • OoottiOi0'1t ot OorrelaUon

Tnblo IX Pred 1c tGd. Sco,-ea 1n Colloso l 1Ath=oL1ca Boaad on 7..voo

v~rl abl oe , t\.!Ut'&ly CollbG& &cor~a 1n Luthom~t lcG, Hi t;}:1 School P.vor.ocea 1n l'r. thom' t1oa , .11nO tt,o Sonea- llt\.l'ry H1sh Sc'!" ool /.chi ovciaont 'teat , ft~rt II.

lli&h Scb ool 111511 School Aotuc l Prodict-Acl~1ove-:iaont ;,vorosa• Scor6a 1n od. Scot'to &rror ( n) Tc-at , Pn.rt in Colloi;o 1n Collofo II Scoroe l'!!!t hewtt1C8 I o.t1'91P t1ca l!a.thu iat cs

1,3 60 50 50 0 59 41 42 • 49 '1

<,6 !;;) b9 . ,a -ll $3 b5 50 51 l

66 bO t,;) t 2 -l

56 ,1 :,:, 61 -4

es 53 53 b2 -· 56 o8 51 - l

49 58 47 bO 3

45 ,o 41> 4( ·l

(:1) Tbo Pl!( oat . x1 ) ia plw, 01• o,1ouo b . a . Tho ovoroso 01•ror 10 pl\Je or m1n.ua ..;; . :S . Th~ llultiplo R 1a . -,2 .

S2

33

of .28~ "1th. J''i of plu• 01' 1111111• .03s. 'lb1• oon,1 .. t1on

I• o·Hr eight ttme• 1ta 1'11. 111>11• 1t lo not b1gh,lt 1n41aatoe

tase d.eai-e• of. l"e1a'-1on b$t1reta tbele t,ro TU"iable10

'll>a Sonee•llarrt l!lgh 8ot,oo1 AOl>lt•""ent 're1t coores,Part

tll ,an4 )4gh IOOhoo1 &Tar.gee 1n llat\\1'&1 lbit11oe b&Te a ooe• . ftto1ent of oorrel&t1on of .20; 111 th a .Pl of pl111 or m1nut

,0$3, !Illa oorrelat1on 1a almott f1Ye till•• tlla Pl!. !l:11• to

not bighobut it 1• 1118b CDO\lgh to 1n4ioate -• 4•ar•• of

relaU on btt¥eeri tile tw Y»ri ab1 ••• The ooeffiotent of oorrelaUon bets,.,. tlla Aoll!eT<m,at

Teot tcoref and Oolloge lut1DB'I 1n latural So1enoe With ll!gh .

eol>Ool a•era.g,o lte14 oon,tant 1 • ,31 vl:111• that between Col•

lege Rating• la llatural Sot,noe and 1111h 11<1t>ool a•erqee "1th

""l:11eTeellt f eat eoorea hel4 ,oonetant 1 t , 0 232, The lla¢"ela1oD

lquati011,8o'~re rom,t• a.o tol101ta:Colleg11 llattnga(:t1loq""10

,30 ,s AOb1eYcent 'lett Soore1(l2l»lue ,22e ,. lllll> SOllllol ,.,..,

erages:(l!3) Plllt 26.~. 'ft.bl• l st••• tbe ret~te of prediot1onc on t,a •a•••

••leote4 &lao•t at rand011 e,coop\ that no ••••• vor• taktll

vhere ooore, vere b•l•1t or above 60, tbl PS(eat.lt1) 1•

plu• or"'""' 6.06 vl:111• t¥ a.otual ••erase ,nor te pl110

er minu~ 5000 . tlt• difteranoo 11 due to the , .. pttng 1n

tbat onlJ ten ••••• vere taken ond ui tll1n tbe 11"1 tt •t.&tt4o !he llulUple R t• . 40 , tba ol91lo ea are 9930 in 10,000 that

th9. pred1ote4 eoor•• ~ttaromd SO would s1 •• ,..,,ua1 010ore•

betveCD 2,.6.t and 74, 24, A c,oore of 2, could •• an r gr&4e ltl>l.le a ooo~• of 74 110uld ooae ,.,,,,. 01010 to A

'l'oblo X Pr-t41ct~d Sco:-01 in Collo4.-o •(oturl\l &,o1onco Baaed. on Throe Vor1nbloa , no»ol f , Colloao Scoree 1n M· tu,..l ~c1onoo, High School Avorneca 1n llcturttl ~c1tnoo, "'d tho s onca- Hurr,-111&h School Aobi ovo, ont Tc•t, Pt1rt III • . Rish School ff1i;h School ~otwil Prod.1otoc1 hCh1ovom..-ont AVCiJ"C.. <IG 1n ~CONa 1n :-,coNo in Test, Port . l!oturcl Coll~,c;o Colloge l!'l'ror (A· Il l, Sooroa Sc1tm.oo l'laturol t:c.tu.rol

~C10DOO So1onco 57 42 Vl -4 .;J 4b 46 u 10 53 00 &:. s 51 42 44 52 e ,r. 4 1> 41 . eo 9

67 4& M - 1

$7 67 &5 -2

48 69 M 2 . .

f,7 b4 t,? St\ -1

48 58 46 8 ( o ) Tho PB( eat .X ) ie pluo or• Dl f'lua CS.o& ~ Yho ~ctu~l twvrtoi< erl'Or 10 plu• or 61mt• e . oo . '.'be !;ultiplo R 1• . ,o.

35

s,&de. t.bll• &II i gr"4e l• not a. failure,& Uvdent oovld

not tope to grdl.Uite from oollese 1"i tt. 'fer)' &U11 B gr&.d.e10

J. pre4lote4 ••••• of 50 wo\lld at leaet not mtM • po1olb111ty

of a o""plete fallia-• 111 a -..bJeot,

Vltt

Corrtl .. tlon• llatod on Po.rt 1V of the Son•••!lorry a1111

9oh0o1 Mhltvar.ent Teot and !llgh So:t,ool &11d College l\ating•

111 Secial 8o1,moo o,:d ti-. Prediotio,, of Coll•s• S..0•••• in

Sooi&i So'i ~o Ch

Tl!t Sone1•E&rr1 m gh 9ol'ool .t.ohl ev..,tnt teot ·Si)lorea,

p.,,t iv ,in Soolal. Sote,ioe ..,,4 Coll•e~ Rating• ln Sooial

Soienoo ho.Ve a. Coe-et!oifflt of Cc:rrel1..tion of 0317 •1th . ..

Par ot p1\le or 1tinu1 .046. Tb1• oorrclatioll 11 about aevdl

time11 tt-.e PJ: and m-..1 b• ooa•t4ered a• et.oYini come r•la..tioi'l

l>ett.etfl the• • t.li'O Ta.rlablelo !he high eobool aTer .. s•• la 9ooial 8o11110c .,.4 the

c·o11ee,, Rating• in 11$01"1 Solenoo ~ •• a Coe.t101ent of

Corre1 .. i1on of .~o 'Di th a Plr of pl12• or minu• ,0385, Tbto

ool"r~lation ie thirteen tieetJ the PB a-Moh 1cd1c&.t~, con•

Gi4~rable reletiott bciceMi the•• t-t:0 ~•blea. '!ho 8on•••l!a.r'7 !l1gh a.~ol MMo•e,,•nt 'J:eet Soor,o,

Pari xv ,en4 u,o lliE'h aobool a.••r&E'•o 1n !!ooial S(i;tet100 1i&•• ... coeft1o1 ent of Cor ro1 .. t1on of ,27 11'1 th a PS,,of p112• or

mlnua .0470

Tbl• PS t• l(1:,ou.t one••lxth of t.he oorre1at1on.

•homng ii,,.t tl'.e•t in -t.blt<> ba•e come relation,

fbf Coott1o1fi>t of Correlo.tlon betwotn tl>o Mld••""'"'t

'J'obl o >.I Pr .,diotcd Sco1·"0 1n Colle,co booinl So1onoo Bcat!d on Th.rco v~ r1nbl ce, n~.ctoly, Collaso $oor6a 1n Socinl 6o1onco, Uic;b School Avorcsoe in ~001~1 Sci onco , ~n4 tho ~onoo -Morry B1!)h School Achi evement Tt10 t, Pc.rt IV .

Hi ,;h Sc~ool Ac1'1ev 0¢<tn1 Tcot, Pc.rt

IV ~COJ"88 •

Hieb School Avci·o.s:~e

1n Soc1t' l Science

Aotunl .::iCO ND in Colll'Se .... 001c.l Scionoo

Predicted ... CON,& 1c ~olloao ~OC1t,l Seit-nee

i>l'ror (c)

-----t--·--- t-··- --+----+-----+

5$

GO

71

5:,

68

:,2

42

45

S2

h8

G3

42

6B

52

~8

42

46

68

63

63

61

33

59

4S

b~

~& 47 I>;!

- 3

l

- 3

-3

0

6

- 6

3

2

l t-,,,...--~,--,.,,r:,=-"v·r.-::-J':----=~:-;-:;;--· ~ -----(~/ ~'ho Po oat.X1) 1• plua or minus 5 .12. ~. •ctunl !"lvoi•n.::;:o o~ror 11 plu1 or rdnua 2 . s . Tho tu .t1pl o H 1a.:;.s .

i•ot Soorcs sncl. Collog• llatilles i n social So1onoo with tho • high eohno1 avur..,o,sea hold oQnstant S s • 21? , r.h1le tiat bo-

t, ·ocn Coll eac nc.t1nsa snu. h1S::. school a,v(lra ·co 1n Soc1;.l

Soit.:ioe rit~l t ltu .\ch1<·•<inc.nt Tc.,st Sooret. hclo. co \St ...nt 10

.4'!:. s.'hc. JlC£l'IBeion .i<t~·.nti on, score Fol~ , 10 e.s toll o'ie :

Col l~S6 Rtt.tillSO ( X1) o~w ls .18 x J.o.ltiff.;.111w1t 'J?ctt Sooi•c.s

(Y-) !'luo . ~ :c hlg.h aoZio·l c.vv~'a&68 (Y.,z) t>l\W zz.. fo.b l e XI .;ivcs thv ri<';\l.ltg. of .. >>"-00.i ot i on 1"1~0..1 tein or..soo

eol ootcd al.. .,oat ~t r!.ill(~o:.:.:. ei:.:oc-_, t t})~t nC'\ ·.c&Go ve-rc uae:cl ,,rhc·ro of :..h'" u~ol.·t.c ,11.tre boloYr 40 or ~bove 6-0 . The, !".i.:(eot)

18 :,lu.u or uinue 5 ;12 tllrlle t ::to aoute.l e.vcnt)O error 1D »lue

or c:.in\\8 2 .8 !o;: t?leoo tGn oc.ece . 'l1rl.s c.t1ttcr enoo v,oul6. li~t1-l.y

ll&vo bee:\ leoa if • ll ,f ,;he ct\acs 1'!,cl. been usci& i...st <acl. of

Jt\Gt tt1n. 111\o J.!1.tlti;.. le a i e . ~i. Th~ ohanats ~rt c on th""-t

»redicta~ eooru ~f 50 17111 g1vo NJ. cot \U\l scoTo of no »lus or .1nue ti .12 nhi h: thora f'.l.'t ~~ZO ~'3e in 10 ,000 that e. proUiotod so ~ro ot 50 , 111 s 1vo · N:1 not \U.\l. aooro th.O.t t,111 not V~'Y o,,cr 60 ?,l\18 Ol' o1nU8 t(" . 46 ,01' ~Ot\1Cet\ 2~ . !i2 :..lJl~ '10.<..S.

J. coorY of 2.S i s t. D s-~-e.o.o ~:hilt". c. atloro. ,,z '10 i o Cll A r.,.~Gl,.e .

'ub.il t. a D gtt.do 1c n(t tt. ro.11,u.·6, a r..tuAent oou.ld not &l,,'.sdUAtc

f'l-o~ ooll,de Nlil ~Uo •.e.il¥ n I e. J.. Nl't-cl.i oted ao 1•ci ot 50 ,·oulc.\

nt le~et u~ e poeo1b111t7 ot en F s:r~c .

lX COllctlli!iOSI

,11a tollomns oonoluoton• ,.~ be ''""" from u111 ot"47: 1, l,o gcnerol a!>111 t:, in lbsl1•h (':able Ii) tbl 8"0111>

aa, ba oon•i4ere4 •• a.Te!'·aco a• m.eaaur,e4 by the Soaee•'BarX'Y

11!.Sh Bi,bool .-,1111Y<111«1t To•t,PU't 1 , Cono141r1n11 the foot tbat

•am• C<Sboola offer •1sht ••eater• of ll'Dglich while ,..,., othorl

offer onl.7 eix,and uetns tb8 ••v•n eemeater norm •• & 1tenda.r4.

54 per oent &re below tblc noni, Of tbo•• wbo haTI brA onl:r

ala ••••t~r• of 1fog11eb.24 per oent are belov the noni,. Ot

tbo11 wbo '"'"" l>&4 onl:, ,,.,.., ,.,.e•t•r•· of ll'Dgl11h,5? per ••t a.re belov tba nom.

20

In the f1e14 of lllSl> eobool llet1,eo•t1f1, •• mea011rei b:, tbl .-,111,.,eoent Te1t,Pt.l't ll, the mt1r• sro\lP ••7 be oon•

114ert4 ae aboTe aTer&geo Coa.aidering tbe ra1·peoti Te com of

eaoh 8"0111>,onl:, 30 per om,t ar• belov \hair noft>I, Of tbo•• Vbo

b&Te bs4 tour cae1tere ,on17 33 per OMt are belov the aom, ani of t!Bco .,i,o m,Te lw.4 01a ••••t •r• ,onl:, 22 per oeni are beloO tba DOSS (!&bl• IV), tt 1• e•i4*1t tll&t tb1e 8"0"1' .,;i11, a muoll better oboWing 1n llatb#&t101 tm.n in :aisue11. Pr•-·

&blf tl19Y l>OlTe bu oupenor 1netruotton 111 llat-atJ.01,b"\ no

•~lonatioa to appa.ront ae to •1'1 tb11 ebould be. 3, ln tllo ftet4 of l!&tl>S'al sot=•• (iable V) , tbe •boV•

ins 10 &bo\l\ lt!re that in Jl'Dglieb. An &Ter&8" of tht fin41nge

would tn4Saate &Ter4'(!e aobloT..,ent. Sto.de,,ta •bo 1>114 t&lc.,.

51.,,ee,.en.or etgbi sseater• ot Wat~al 8o1enoe ta.11.S. to ret.oh

thPit' nor&•, vbS.le t .>,oae who b&4 taken four or t1ve 1ece•ter•

39

wont tor ~e yond tbeit- nor1u . h'vi d~ntly it lo cU t!ic\\lt to

te£ich orid t o c1-t1& t er .

-6. In t ho 1"1old or Socifl' l ~e1.enco t heN ia n eorte•l'la t

bettot· aPo"'l ns t 'l"ton 1n l'c.t ' e111a t1ca (Tu.bl e VI). Tho aoh1evo-

, ment v nr1('8 r-ron. 10 pe r cent below tho nor m tor thoee -who hc.d.

to.ken tour a~oa toro of soci~l Science to ~• per cent to~ thoso who lie.d ttlkeu only seven eeimeetor-s. It i a r r. t her- d1tf1-

cmlt t o oftfJ r n N ~aon tor t he d i ffcrenoo in t hia ehoc 11 g.

s ocinl Scienco io poa ei~l y more defini te and oaaior to tO$Oh

than ie B:liSl i eb. NAtur~l Science 1& 4 l oborat ory sub ject,

•

but i t i e no t t r u,ght oe t\tch c t- tt\lCh o.a it ahould 1;>0, hf-'nce th&

0.chie,~e",ent i n t tto.t tield le (:Ot11J)!'ro.ble to tho <L~ievea:ent 1n

English, even though i t i e ~or3 ~e t 1nlto f nd t &ugible t ~n

18 Engl1•h. 5. The r&ault e of the Hudel&oh T ·, p 1C'4l Compos! tion

A1'1l i t,; Scnlo ahow onlj s i x.t h ~Nide n~il 1ty .

6. i'he r eault c or t h e '.thorndi ko-~cCcll heaa1ng $cclo

show c ~ett.n of 20, which le t ~e atend.ard mean • .

7 . kver~go achievement is e~om t ho renulte ot tho

Thorndike Teat of ~ord KnowloOge. a. The reeulta of the Si ~tecn ~pelling Scol r e, Lis t XIII , .

at1ow n ch1c \'O,, ent of .... o pM' c< nt. The et M ®rd tor o 12 th

gro.do 1A .7!1 l)C1~ cont. 9 . Tho Simple c.nd Por t 1Al Cor r olntlona b~oed on t he

v~rious ~l18h t ests ~nd ~1£), school ~_nd coller e r4tinga 1n

Englis h (Tc.ble Vl l) show oon.t11d.orablo value t o1• t he ~r ed1ct1on

ot c.ollese auccoae in English. 'J.bO res resa1on eq_u t 1on uaed . . 1C ns l'ollo, a: X1: , 30X2 • .2l X3 • ,04Xt • ,07X5 + .ObX.5 • . 17,

•

to

Tho Mish School Achieve eut Teet, , ~rt I, and. tho r 1gti

achool eYernc•• in Engl1eh gavo ju~t 01 good a pro61ot1on

(Tt1ble VIII) ee did oll rtvo of tha Vflr1• ble,. The ~ t~i·eea1on

e~•t1o~ tollo~•: x1 • . 38¾ • 24X~ + 19. ?he PB(eot,X1 ) 1•

piua or ~1nue 5.3. Tho lultiple R tor the etx vwrt~blea 1,

. 57 • ,m1lo tho corrolat1on bot11oen ~• rictuol Md. pre~lctod

ecoTes 1n Colle~ .l!naliah ror tho loo •••e• io .~5. '!'he i-ul tiplo

R tor -tho thr~• var 1n~le1 ia .66. 'lbeee L'U.ltlplo R'• ot 5? Md

56 ahow thht rut..ny toetora cro l ucking . Hnd a:ore ot tht vltol

t't otora been 1ncluded, tho R •ou.ld be cuch hltPt-er. Sirico tbo

PB(eat. X1 ) la plua or 111nua b • .), • atudt·nt •tih a predict ed

acoro ot bO would h~vo Pn oven ch•.nce to m~ko m cotu.o.l aeore ot

bot.,oen. 46 t..nd Sb . 'i'bi• would Mt.n a sr•d• bet..-et:n n c and a e.

10. Tho Simple ond ?ertlgl Corrolctiona bt.104 on the

college rnt1nge ( X1 ), tho Sonoa-~c,rcy High Sehool Acb1ove:ont

\.'Oat, Pvt II, ("2) end the h i.Sb o , bool rat1ns• (X3 ) 1n •·otho-

a:itics •~ou eor.• rolnt1on c..coris theeo vAr1nblee. Tbo rogrooe1on

oo\l>t1on tollow•: x1 •• 31X2 t .£ax3 • 111. h H>ltiple R or

. 42 ah~• eose ve.lue 1n preo1otion 1n that there , 111 be aoa o

rel~t1on bot~•on the octu~l t.nd pr•41ctod a~orea in co~lego

~r.tho11111t100 . Tbe PH(est .X1J 1• plue or m1nu1 S.8 Ul4 the

chAncea c.re tven thAt • prc ( icted. ecor• ot 50 will o1v• an

actul acore ot 44 to S6. Thia ~ould ~ccn n grade betwoen A

c a, d o a 1n college t C>t l•ec:.c,t1co (Tot-le IX),

11. Th~ S!.Dple c.nd Part1~1 Correlatlo~• uong th•

vnr1ot·le11 tho coll<ge rat1nso (X1), tho Sones- Horry High

School .tch1ev0lfent Teat, P•rt III, (X:?l, end t he hi.#> ochool

r11t1rs• (X:5) 1n !iaturol Science ehow •oc• r-olation cnong thoae

41

v1>ricbl ea. n.te rogresaion equ--t1on tol lo,1a : x1 • .3ox2 + ,224X

3 • 26.6 , 'l'bo ~ultipl o R is ,40 .,bi oh 1'ould indionte

aO!llo r6lu.t1on t,otrteen octu.ol and. pre!l1cte4 scoreo 11'1 college

Netur ol Se1onco. The. PB(e~t.X1) is plus or o 1nua a.os s nd tho

chnncoe: ::are even t lv:t o prad1oted score of :;o 1n tfc.turo.l . Science would give on cctunl score of bet ween 46 c.nd SS, Thie

~ould gi ve g srode bot~eon a C end Q 8 (T~bl e X) .

12; Tho Simpl e ond Portie.l Corre l flt iona eu1onn the

vt'..r1Qbl es; t h e college r at1nsa ( >.1) 1 the Sonea.- Hc.r1•1 Hi&}' School

Ach1ovemont Toot, P~rt IV, ()¼ ) ~nd t he hi s)> aohool r • tins• (X3)

1n Social science. Are high enfUSh t o ind1c~te aoaie rol at1oo.

!!'ho r egression equotion f olloga: x1= , la½ t .4x3 t 23, Tho ~ult ipl~ R is . 53 which ehone a hisbor predictive velue t ru:n

ltsa e\'i dont in Ma theo" ties s-Jld Noturc l Science. This R 1s o.l-

moct equ"l t o the R round 1n t he field of l:}\Sliob. The PE(eat.X1)

1a plua or minua 5.12 whi ch wo.ulC mcl-:o the choncoa even t h.:.t t a.

pr cdiotod scoro of 50 in Collage Soci~l Sc1once • oul d .give an

~ctuol aoore ra.ns1ng betweon 16 ond ~b. Thie • oul d g i ve a

grc.d.o be.t 11'oen c an,d a a i n Colle ge Soci ~l Sci once. ('l'cble XI)

13. Too cu.ch rel1Qnc& should not b& plcced on the pre-d iotiona me.do 1n t hose vo.:i.'ioua field•. For e,:urple, 1n College

Bngl1ah (?oble VI I ), student Number 13~ h as un a c tual ~ eore of

~O """1l e the pritd1cted acoro io 4? , a ditt~renco of 17 . Student

tiu.mber 174.l: ha.a on tic t.uol acoro ot 71 '11"bile tho pt-a01cted acoro

ia ss, a d1ttarenoe o r 18 . Tho octuol scores vary t r o: 20 to eo .

'twenty \could. ropreaent t o il~ t- \,h ile 80 ~ould reproeont on f..

gr4d.O . fl. varie-t ion ot 17 o.bove and 18 ~lo\1 t he 11.,oo.n vould be

r.·oro tho.n h ol t ot t!"o l"i'.nge, 3h e.a COQpsrod Y1tb 60, Fro.r.

tmt1e oae«• 1 t t • evident tb&t the YII.X"i&t.ion. trm t.be pre•

41ot*1 aoore~ misht ~e gre11.t enough to lead to a ttong oonolu•

eiono tf atu4@t' • cooi-ea in t.h~•• tf:ltl in the field ot 'Dlg•

11 sh tlaTe an avers.ge below 50 , u ln.1truotor &igbt. 1'1 t.h &

reaeonab1e 4egroe ot oocura.o1 .prediot a so ore below 50 in th8

coll ege ltlgli•b.tl111 le pal't1oulal'17 tru.e 111>,a 0"17 fut 1

ot tlm 111gb SOl>Ool AeM•Y,ment 'root 11 u•ed a• a baoit ot prediot:1 on(I

Tba •u1t1p1e n ot .57 would indicate tt£t man)' l.llPOl'tont

ft.otcrs &re lool<ing in tl4• study 1n the field of l!llglioll.

Tba•• a.ult. be deteatn~ and evaluated before !Dore relicible

pred.totion, oe.n be ma4e. !be &boTe oonoluoi ona may b• d.r•• in tlle ot>uu- tin'•• ti elde •tulli ed.

14• l11otitioat1011 tol' tbo uoe ot t1u111 teote •igbt be

toun4 in their dta11101t1c nJ.u• &lone. Jor cuaple.a. Jreab•

m&D oollt60 atudent wllo 11ake1 a soore ot 60 in l:aglloh tundM•

mel\t&lo o,,d spelling mtg~ 'be ezouoed fr<n> Rbotorlo l tn ool•

1•1•• • ot~en\ who 111&kee a aoore of 60 1D tht tun4eental • in

an)' of tbeoe ttelda studied oould nU·b• &Jtd\lle4 frao the

t1r1\ cme1te%' college oou.rsee 'l'b10b. are a repeti ts.on ot tbe•e

tw,dmental•• '1h11 vou14 aaTe tho •tV:dent one 1$lleater of tllr;·e

1a. bi.a t1~14 ot ao•llenae and.. A'l'e the oollee:e ex»m•• •• vello

Oa the other bond the toeto 'rill a».v a ,tud..,t where hie •ult• necieos liil"& in ea.oh ti el4 e.nd in some parttoular pa.rt of <t·art&in

'fiell!s. Be o,n tben oonoentrate OD hi.a ,ro.alc pointco

lf the teet• ebo• a gmeral. veakne•• in e.ome tiel4. tho

college ool.ll.d get th11 intorme.tioD to tba bigh sobDol1.1-o

aea1ura• tor better teaobing oould be 1n•t1 tutedo

X

Rl!COH'.BllDATIONS . Aft e r lf'IO.k ing tbic actudy end per,ua ing r~lc.to4 atud1ea, .

tho f oll owing racom.enaeti ona Pr e submitted. 'lbe 'bhgliah

Depcrt~ent of the Fort 8$yt KMace Stat~ Colle56 ahould S):l.88

tho find1n&• of I.his •~uc!; in t he field of Ensli•h on to tho euperv1Gors end Bngl1eh te~chera of t he hii;h achools in t ~e

college's t orr1to17. The results or other English teats givon

by t he collc~e dur1n,u recent ye n.rs should alco be ude a,·011-

oble . Th.is 1ntorl:W.t1on ~1th euggtet1on8 t or l etter toachi~g

in tho Tret'lk ep.otfl oh oµl d t,o benefic t al to .E'ngliah t ooohora. •.

App<tr ontl~ tho groat eot wocktl••• 1• 1n llngl1sb COQ)l()t1t1on

P..nd sont enoe eenee . Tho Q\glisb DeportCIGnt or the college ~1r.,ht meke good. use ot such f 1nd1ngo 1r the prepor ~tlon ot prospoctivo .k:n.611ah. t eachers ao thut auch teachers might

Avoid the ehor t-co~1nge of those no~ 1n the r 1old .

A second. aug_geet1on U th~t , •}1-e'l'I eu1:h achi evement Clod.

d1sgnoe t 1c t oete m•r;, &i von, co.re should bo t o.ken tho.t t},t1

students c.r ~ gotton into the proper t1•4J!'.o ot u.in-d before tb.e

teats a.ro givon , t..n e7.ple.nct1on or t lto r-e, aona tor g1v1ri-a the

t oata vould help i n t his. Thero nould 'bo lea a reaent=ont and

the stndonts fl'ould. be 11ro re 1 1lc&l1 to coine up to ttie et.c.ndr. rd

or t 'heir eetun.l o.bi l ity. h eulta.blo t1- e for i .i ving the t ,.a ta

shoul d be chosen 10 oa not t o 1nconvon1once the ,tud.ents. It

vould. Ceem t ~o.t tbe t-ect plM .trov l d.. be to us e a regul~r <:lt1G8

period or e l se nt vo the t esta durins the f ir-a t dnya ot t ~o

tem before tho r osulor <:l a.as ach6dule M e s t orte<l . Tho

• •

wr1t c~1 a o.1)or1once in giving teat s 1n h1eh s~hool l ends hi>: t o bel1ovo t hct t ho c.tt1 tuo.c, o:t the c t m\cnto !lea w-Jh to

do rli th ';he 1•osul ts obta ined.. Ii t h.ooo g1T1ll..'r 'tho teoto Pill

to...~o tho etudonte into t heil• con1'1dcuoo and explain nby tho

t ,sto ~.re bei :!.S s 1vcn !'l!d. 1h"',.cc- c tru.itn.blo t i u~ for t ~ezi 1 tho

etu(l.c,nto uill 1·ce,0n<l Nld do the11" 'best t "' m$."<c et)rd saoroc .

Froolmon CJt u.d.cnts :trom t tio collcsea ha.·10 e)1ircagod tho:::it3elvoa

t-.e not in co::r,l ote 8YQPAthy with tho teats . Thio attitude ,

cvon on t he pt».~ o:t e. tot'! at u.d.enta , 18 not oondu.oi vc to t bo

beet r ll:8\Uta. Poeoi b l y t1uoh an ett i tudc is due to tho nbovo

~·01;,t s and oan bo avoi ded

Jt. third .aug&cetion 19 tlu:.t t h6ro should be t\ pl an ,vorke-d

out ~or c~noerlcd aoti on among the coll eges 1n the 0.atter of o. t oatin-.~ l)r9gl'e.tl• Th&ro 11: \Uld.oubt cdly ao1:e vt>.l ue 1n e. toat-

1ng :pr o61"U1 nhcro it 1e iJol l rmr ked out &lld tol lo1rea. Ul>• The

t1ndin6a ,oUld b! use<!, 1n SU1d1nS et\\donte int , tlic pro~or

oourooo . For exnm!)le, 1:1ost stu6.ont s ho s t ll.Dd in tho lowor

qu.'\l'tilo in s t t.ndc,rd intolli sonoo cnt. t\ohievclilent tests nill

not w oooeU in the uouol ace.dea.:i o courses . Tiley e i ght do \/ell

1n t ho .J.:mual Al-ts nnd 1n l.'\u>i o and l)',a11i ng. i\pt i t\16.o- toots

u i sJ!t bee. holptul addition t o the nbovc t esto. nenrly • ll ot the ool l 8£t6 c.r e 4oin6 o",cot h1ng in tho ''"·:1 ot t cstb\6 , but

ther e i s no dct1n1to plo.n and ~o aonoertod notion. At present

thoro is no ;.>lsn f or maki\16 t\Ve.ilabl o tho f.iudi •ss ot t he t cot -

1ng t>u,.t ie boi nc done. l'Ui-thor ;,oro , the testing 1s done

att cr t ho at ua.en t s have e:uter od a ohool a.n4'ila.ve 1>l.Nmed t'1cir

oow.•.ees . 1'l'l& t ollowing 1>l on i s sug-arosto& e..e a line of aot ion

'

tor at lea.at our ~1ve St at e eohoole . ?he Depart~enta ot Pay~

ohology of t he sohovl a Ghou.l G. set t oscther r.nc'l. eoleot n ou1t -ablo 1nt oll1gonoe toet, on aohievemont teat au~h as tho Scnoo-l!r.rcy t oot, e.n English Co:,poai t i on test, e,,d a.n Aptitude toet ...

A oentrt\l cl oo.,•l.ng houeo shoul d t hen bo eeto.bliohod e.t one of

t~c eoh?ola oo t hat t oot s o?vld bo purchased 1n quanti ties end acnt out t o tl10 h i gh oehool o ot tho eta.to. l:!ost ot the soh~olc n•>W oocpilo l iete of t ho 6l'QdUAt l.ng oltlseoo in thoil• torritor; • . A cl.upl1oat 1on ot' ctfort Md C>:Jl"'100 ~ouJ.d bo ov• idcd by having

• c. cent1•e.l hoe.6.qunrte1•a do t his.

The ~r1uc1pale or the high school s oo~ld be dc»cndod on to give thoe& tosts under pr oper su.pt :rv1s1~n rmd returu tbeo to tho headque.rter e . Tho tests oould be graded ond rceulto to.bu-. 1"'t od on & tU1iio1-c l>J.onk. Roporto co· l d be oent ba~k to oo.oh

pr1no1J al to bo a.t ta.ohod. to tho high schr,ol Senior ' o t ro.n-sor 1pt . Thmi when ho ento1·a oollogo I thii repo1-t CO\.ld bo aont wit h the t r&noor i pt t o the oollec:e in •·>hi oll he lOO.trioule.tee .

These t est s would neod to bo sent out enrlr eno\•6') 1n the year t o bO given ond 8).'t\dCd SO tho r ojorte o~uld bo sont to the

h1(!:ll sohoolo bef ore th!1 ol oto in tho eprlne, A critic might

eo.y t bat this co· l d not bo <lone through :l'ailru•o of the high

eohool c.utbor1t1oo t o. cooppn:i.t~, but it could be ma.de B re-~u1romcnt t or r.1et rioul~tion Juat as & transor1~t 1a reQ:.Uired.

TodAy gost of t ho tcet ir.g 1~ done indc»cn~cnt ~ end ae a pro-

are not reel ly gett ing o.uywhero ou tho mr.tt er ot testing in :K.ense.e. 1'horo i s l"OOl'J t or nomo »ioneoring along this 11nc.

•

.t\nothor S\loBOGt1on, tthioh is r eally 4 it.rt ot the ~b•ve

one1 18 for the :.ioll esee to o.G.o»t o. \.lllitorm oyotem o-r srad.1ng and llouoi· Po1nto . !rho plen used by tho l'oi.-t ~o Kniutaa Ste.to

' ~11<.gc , tihich i o givon ow.•l1or 1n ~hie otudy , is one ot tho

beet . It noult'!. te.o111to.t.o t ollou- Ul) otud1es 1 it o.11 ot tbo

W.gh ooboolo wovld also ndo.t 4 un1foi-::t aycton ot gre.dlllg oo that tro.noor1i,t e wo J.d bo vn1£om., Dem Leo' s 1nveetige.t1ona . . . no T'ell u those ot the t;ri t er 11erc l!>adc ~moh 001·0 l.abo:r1op.e because ot thto laok ot un1f~rtJ1ty. The Pe.aeine ~o ve.rioa . i'ro~ 70 t SO per oent • . S0010 b1gh ochool • w,c the Abaolut o

s .. l e wh1l o othoi•a uao tile llormel. Clu-vo plan. Somo acboola . u.t c the lottere . A, » , o, D, Nld F; eoae,uso the tor~s , E:t~

ot>llent , Cood, :Fa.11·, :Poor, N1d ?ailv.ro ; so:io uce tho nl!m'bel.·e

l, 2, a, ~. rui~ ~ ; e.nA. oth~rs Mo poroout~oa. ~heco tour c:,ateQt e.J.1 metu1 o.bout the natie thine, but tho aotWll val\\t

o~ e.o.oh tom <°LO),w6.o on tho nunbcr o'£ utc:,a co-vcrec1. 'by 0-a.0-h

nnd on where th• ?eaacmg Cre.cle 1a set. By ooncortod o.otinn , O\U~ St at& Collcsoa . through tho otti oo ot the Stctc su,orillten-

<icnt or f'nblic Illstruct1on, 1Ci ght be o.blo tc ;;et tbo high school s t o a.dept s \Ul1fom e:,ote!!l ot x-coorda and tradiil8• It w~ultl

g,·eo.tl7 fo.o111tatc tho rooo:rd.in8 or tho hi&]l school tr&noor1pt s c.t the colleges a.o noll as save labo-r 1n sts.t1st10-nl 1nvest1-

gti.t1imc .

•

l .

&.

~-5 ,

6 ,

7 ,

8 .

47

DlllLICC.'W.'ll'l

COn~it 1 Philip U. A Cont1u\L"t1e.n ot t ho '!:orto.litv naoor§. of 6f6 Col o~\o Sfnto 'i.'e-o.cilicfn' COlleie -EE..!._nfuie?\ tB2 of""T~cr the "U->: ~ 27 - l!S. l)epart.,ent of ~au-oit!onol' iiiii~ ~olor ·o St t\te ~eo.c.hcre I Coll4-E:e , Cro~l~y1 Ju~, 1~28.

cona.1t , Philip ::. ~'lll~J> ot: "11 Intollil!OJVi£ \WA AgluoyCZ)Ollt Teat j!OOtOI! ~- :' ~ - l!ohn).aoti,• f"t-==· A sii~ ~15~ p:o~lR !-1 co sto.te, To~ t~ • , filla_g_t, 2t.¾~!2.i: no Y~M. ~-;1nt~r , ·• 1\'~;t~o1•0 , --y~-2'1 - 23 . SOoond. i3epo~S_t~~ Jh1obt:.~ . c-~ 't tieru; or ~v.oe.ti,oiw.rTcsee.J.•ah , i;·~.do Sta.te Toc.oht>ro ' ~ollego , Crcoloy, SC'iJt cnbor , 1928 •

..;ond.it , I'~.1111) iJ, "Th<:- t-re4.1ot1on of Soholcstio ~ tooeos by ::oro1e o~ Cl uai1'1oe,t1nn :.X9.mlur.t1c-n.s . 11 (Jourunl or Ed.\t-oat i~unl ~eeoo.ruh 1 Vol . 1~, PP • Zil - ~33, 1J.e.y 1 1929) .

o.ctt , U. s . ~Zhe Problc:o ot l lim1r~t1on t~o~ Coll ege . ~ (Sohool Dnd Soolcty, Vol . XXX, ~o . ~~3 , October, lS29) .

D1l.le;;, F , ll . •Sohol.Utio lloeorde ot Studonts Fc111nl! e. ~oroJ. 1ntoll180ll•O Teat.• (S•hool end Soo~ct y , Vol. llll , ::o . Iv.I\, Feb, 28 , l9Zl) .

Goodz.lon, Arthur K. 7lLO Rcl,ntiN1oh1" ll!. lJltclli s;rno.c...l!llA. ,:;1r&'Jltt1r.r.t1on ;ioo;rcs 1.:2T.t@11t-. l1JlJ\ Sohol r,,;t u. BM.-~ . A fJl'>ntiuuotin-A-Ot. &. st\,G.Y ~.2. ;)-:tahl'.lOJl u ,'-<;'l.2md2 ~Q. ~l.W"Jl' 422 ~ -- Tbir4 Ri».oJ:t., atv<\Y

§-i, Pttll, 11w ,r , ~lll·JJJ£ rnerttWt, 1~2s--zs . Dept~"t~cnt or F.duoat1<m!\l RoseEU·ch, Coloro.do State Tet\ohe:r&' Col l eg6- , Gr~oloy , llovcieb.or, li)£S .

oocidnan, Arth\U" 1:. 'l'llo Re!¾_t1onehip of !nto¼i'ig_ence s.nd ,i11.,.s11'1!1§-t.!£1!, Soo--..- 'to~oJ.'tl\l1l! o.nd Sohorurtio -Eillruw, :•: nti \U\t o-SJ\\~Y iii : nr'Ce,liiion of t he !!MA• ~ - ,1;1[2 l1l! 9olof.½o ~"'°'if ~ollors1 co\lli;•, ~hlm )l_,,o~ , !;~ 11\lr.!~ 01• • ~ , Fa , til:iite]i'., roo! Sori,,g ~ 01·a, ~28:D:::: i\e;parlmen't ~\\cation&lRosc"a.roh , Col<>ril.o Sto.to Tcaoher-e I Collogo Greol'oy , October , l~.2~ .

JbJ.d.ol.son , EsJ,.•l., Stoteon, F • L. and \tood.°"'C~ct. , ~lla. $1~-~Hn. lbt•ll.1..n.s Sl'.•i • o, S.t~.d;'-rd1:cd 1n S~tm9•• f •r S:000~30hoo i,. ZncIHh $o:i.·i~e ,'"17o. 9, Tiino o:i.~ ' C'ollogO l lct!n, ~ecohers• College , Col\\m'b1e t1D.1vcroity, Uow ~ork Ci ty, l.l\y El, 1921 .

Eut\.oloon, ~·l. Tho JtuAclson ~ icl'.l .QomYioaition .A.'l.l11'1tv ~. ~er.ohori°'Ke.n6.1>0ok. 7:nolSubli o Sohool i'Ublieb--~ conpa.ny , b10o:1nston, Illinois , l~~z.

• . .

10. ua=,•, LCJ.~k A. Pred19tinc A:M<:a" o suooeaa. (J ournaJ. ot !d.uor.ti onel PeyoholooY . 1s-2a . Vol. nv, '1 , pp , 42S- 440 ) • .

11.. Sones, ii . n . D •• end !h\rry , David P , "S:onte--2".!an,y High Sohool Aohitvement .~cet . " Yorl:ere 00on-R't.1a.eon 1 Uow York Ci ty. ~orld' nook CO"~fany , 1929 .

12 . ~ho>."llcli ke , z. · L. "The Thorndi ke Toet ot Word I-:novlcdgo . " Bu.r-oau ot ?ublic.a.tiona , izo .. ohers' . Col lese , ·.:olu:abia UnivE.reity , UCTt York City.

13. '.Chornd1.\'.o, E. L. e.ud ·iloCal l, \i, •. . "?he Ti1orn(dke00!:oca.11 Rec.dins Sos.l o . n Blu-eau of Publ1oc.t1one·, i<:t.cho1•e ' Col.lo5a, Colunbic trnivorsity, nCYJ York ;1tz •

..

l 8 3 6•

~158~~~ . n ~ ~l53~38Q615!5S~~ 11'7 M '8 M 69 • 69 • 611 SS 62 66 67 152 40 '4 159 ~68M60n • GOl532SII0~86M!5860~~

6 158 .69 s· 615 159 9 !18 40 8 ll4 4.9 9 38 !5S 10 152 153

'8'91l4'860-~un4'13815360'8'830159 M&eMNft • n61515868ssrou60eeneo il661l4MM • kl531534'1'9152153'8!5843M 153 68 • M 153 60 • 40 il 153 47 • '8 65 4'I H SS 60 153M1115U'8•"N~4'1'9'84'1153:59401115 M'9153153M • ll4153'9il4'8Ul586l~M

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