a southern government southern capital became richmond, virginia president was jefferson davis...
TRANSCRIPT
A Southern Government
Southern capital became Richmond, Virginia
President was Jefferson Davis
Confederate States of America
11 Confederate States 4 border states- slave
states that didn’t take a side
South called “Rebels” North called “Yankees” 40% were younger
than 21 years old
At the beginning of the war, the North had many more advantages over the South
The goal of the South was to be recognized as an independent nation
The goal of the North was to bring the South back to the Union and preserve it.
Three part strategy for the Union 1. Blockade all Southern ports 2. Control Mississippi River 3. Capture Richmond
Robert E. Lee- All Confederate forces “Stonewall” Jackson – Confederate under
Lee McClellan – 1st Union’s Army of the
Potomac Ambrose Burnside -2nd Union Joseph Hooker – 3rd Union George Meade- 4th Union Ulysses Grant – Union’s Army of the West William Sherman- Union under Grant
1st major battle Fought in Manassas
Virginia. July 1861 Southern General
“Stonewall” Jackson becomes hero
Huge victory for the Confederates
Began the “rebel yell”
McClellan gets replaced by Burnside
To prevent the South to trade, Lincoln ordered a naval blockade along all Southern ports
South used blockade runners
March 1862-Merrimack(Confederate) v Monitor(Union) – two metal-covered ships that fought against each other
War at Sea
2nd subBuilt in Mobile Al. in 1863, sent to
CharlestonKilled crew 3 times including it’s inventorKilled more Rebels than YankeesRemoved from ocean in 2000
Shiloh April 6, 1862 My life Preserver G. E. D. Shiloh
North had early victories under Grant. Captured several forts on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers
Main goal in the west was to gain control of the Mississippi river.
Battle of Shiloh- Union victory fought in Tennessee Lasted 2 days with over 20,000 casualties.
North then captured New Orleans on April 1862
Confederacy can no longer use the upper Miss.
War in the West
Battle of Shiloh
Union’s goal here was to capture Richmond.
March 1862- August 1862
Confederate victories at Seven Days Battle and 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Sharpsburg Maryland Confederates were
on the offense General McClellan
(North) found General Lee’s (South) plans, so the North had an upper hand
Single bloodiest day of the war
Victory for the Union
Battle ofAntietam
.
On January 1 1863 Made slavery illegal in
the United States North hoped that by
taking a stand on slavery, European countries would stop all trade with the South
A CALL FOR FREEDOM
More than 2,000,000 Federal soldiers were twenty-one or under More than 1,000,000 were eighteen or under.About 800,000 were seventeen or under.About 200,000 were sixteen or under.About 100,000 were fifteen or under.Three hundred were thirteen or under-most of these fifers or drummers, but regularly enrolled, and sometimes fighters. Twenty-five were ten or under.
Total Casualties – 700,00Union – 360,000Confederacy – 260,000
The Wilderness, May 5-7,17,666 died Spotsylvania, May 10 -12:10,920diedCold Harbor, June 1-3,12,000Petersburg, June 15-30,16,569
In the South slaves helped the war effort by working the plantations, dug trenches, cooked for soldiers, cleaned up the remains etc..
In the North the Navy was the first to enlist African Americans. In 1862 the Army open up. In all over 200,000 African American served in the Union army. 54th Massachusetts was most famous.
Some escaped slaves served as spies due to their knowledge of the South
With the men away women began to take over their jobs at home. Factory jobs, office jobs, taking over farm duties etc.
Some women worked as spies and nurses. Clara Barton started the American Red Cross.
Other women helped out at camps by cooking and caring for the wounded.
McClellan is replaced by Burnside
Battle of Fredericksburg Virginia – Dec. 1862 (Confederate victory)
Burnside is repalced by Hooker
Battle of Chancellorsville - May 1863 another Confederate victory (Jackson dies)
South begins to see victory after victory in the Spring of 1863
SouthernVictories
Battle of Gettysburg – Pennsylvania July 1863. 3 days. Begins as a result of Confederates looking for supplies Union victory. Confederates retreat.
turning point in the war.-South never won another big victory
On December 1863 Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address
Battle of Vicksburg – Miss. July 1863. Union victory.
North now controls Miss River- cuts Confederacy in 1/2
BATTLE OFGETTYSBURG
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Chattanooga Tenn.(Nov. 1863) Union victory
Grant is now charge of all Union forces
The new plan was for Grant to attack Lee’s army in Virginia and Sherman would crush the deep south
Final phases ofthe war
By mid 1864 Grant was stuck in Petersburg and Sherman was stuck outside Atlanta.
Many Northern Peace Democrats pushed to end the war
In September 1864 Sherman captured Atlanta and burned it to the ground.
Sherman’s army than marched through the South and performed “total war”. They burned, destroyed, killed everything in their 50 mile path.
Marched from Atlanta to Savannah GA. He then turned North.
This left the South in ruins
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Throughout the winter of 1865 Grant continued his fighting outside of Richmond.
On April 2, 1865 the Union took over Richmond
On April 9 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Court house in Virginia.
This ended the Civil War
Surrender at Appomattox