a smart port card tutorial --- software john dehart washington university [email protected]

June 16, 2002 SPC Tutorial 1WashingtonWASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS

A Smart Port Card

Tutorial---

Software

John DeHartWashington University

[email protected]://www.arl.wustl.edu/~jdd


Software Overview

• No MSR details included in this talk– That will come in the MSR Tutorial

• SPC Specific Kernel Modifications• Building a Kernel

– config– compile

• Loading Kernel onto SPC to execute it– download via APIC

• Initiating Kernel execution– boot loader

• Configuring Devices– APIC


SPC Kernel Modifications

• Kernel Configuration File:– Memory Disk

– Serial Console

– Most device drivers unneeded (e.g no Ethernet…)

• Source Code Changes:– PCI Device Configuration: ./dev/pci/if_apic_pci.c

• APIC Specific configuration handled by driver

– Change some APIC defaults: ./dev/ic/apic.c• made switch port the default

– No HLT instruction: locore.s

– Kernel Memory Page Allocation: • ./arch/i386/include/pmap.new.h

– RTC: ./arch/i386/isa/clock.c, ./ufs/ffs/ffs_vfsops.c• We still had to remove some RTC code...


Steps to an Executing Kernel on an SPC

• Configure Kernel– Start with a typical NetBSD kernel config file

– Add SPC specific option:• options SPC

– add memory disk (filesystem will reside in kernel!)• options MEMORY_DISK*

• options MINIROOTSIZE

– serial console port• options CONSDEVNAME

• options CONS_OVERRIDE

– remove “extra” devices (Ethernet, mouse, …)


Steps to an Executing Kernel on an SPC

• Filesystem– we use a vnode disk device: vnd(4)

• disk device in a regular file

• pseudo-device vnd– must be included in your kernel where you are building the FS

– Does NOT need to be included in your kernel for the SPC

– build filesystem• dd(1): create the file

• vnconfig(8) - configure vnode pseudo disk as a regular file

• disklabel(8) - label it

• newfs(8) - construct a new file system

• mount(8)/umount(8): mount/unmount filesystem

– mknod(8) - make device files

– populate regular files from an existing system


… Steps to an Executing Kernel on an SPC

• Compile Kernel• Make a symbol only version of kernel for /netbsd

– ps, netstat, … use symbols from /netbsd

– real kernel with file system CANNOT reside in itself!

• Download kernel and File System separately– see following slides on AAL5download

• Or, Download as one file:– Add File System to Kernel

• mdsetimage(8)

– Create an image version of Kernel• sets up bss section and symbol table

– Kernel bss file is ready to download!


… Steps to an Executing Kernel on an SPC

• Reset SPC• Download Boot Loader

– via APIC control cells – loaded at physical memory location: 0x0

• Flip bit at location 0xFFE00 to start boot loader– configure NorthBridge (before kernel download!!)

• cache, memory size, memory type, timing, etc

– wait for kernel download to complete• looks for location 0x3FC to change from 0 to 1

– set up parameters on stack and jump to kernel• kernel located at 0x100000

• Download kernel bss file• Flip bit at location 0x3FC - kernel starts booting...

This is the OLD WAYPlease stop using download_APIC

It is slow and painful


AAL5_Download

• Replaces old download_APIC utility• Can “shotgun” download to <= 8 SPCs at once

– Puts exactly same kernel on all 8

– This works fine for MSR where we want same kernel

– May not be good for all uses

– “Shotgun” number controlled from command line

• Can download kernel and file system separately– no need to load file system into kernel before download

– still need to load symbol version of kernel into file system before downloading

• Takes about 1 minute for the whole download and boot process.


AAL5_Download: For SPC

• Implemented and runs in Stages:– Stage1 uses APIC Control cells to:

• reset the SPC(s)

• download Stage2 to run on the SPC(s)

– Stage2 (boot.out) runs on the SPC• runs SPC boot code to configure CPU and Northbridge

• configures APIC on SPC to use AAL5 descriptors

• sends pings back to CP, waiting for Stage3

• receives AAL5 frames from Stage3 and sends ACK/NACK

– Stage3 runs on PC• syncs with Stage2

• downloads the kernel or FS via 36KB AAL5 frames

• retransmits if any errors


AAL5_Download: For SPC-II

• We are still working out the final details– We are starting to test the first batch of SPC-IIs

• Implemented and runs in Stages:– Stage2 (boot.out) runs on the SPC-II

• Already loaded on the IDE Disk on Module.– no need to download it

• runs SPC boot code to configure CPU and Northbridge• configures APIC on SPC to use AAL5 descriptors• sends pings back to CP, waiting for Stage3• receives AAL5 frames from Stage3 and sends ACK/NACK

– Stage3 runs on PC• syncs with Stage2• downloads the kernel or FS via 36KB AAL5 frames• retransmits if any errors


Simple View

VCI=21

PC SPC-I

VCI=25

VCI=0x321

VCI=21

VCI=23VCI=24

Stage1

Stage1 APIC

Stage3 Stage2


Sequential View

PC

Stage1

Stage3

SPC

APIC

Stage2

0x0Boot andStage2

0x0100000

Kernel andFilesystem

0x0FFE00

Boot ROM0xFFFFFFF0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

SPC Memory

Controlcells

AAL5Frames

RESET

Resetcell


Source and Executables

• source location: wu_arl/utilities/SPC/AAL5Download

• binary location:– wu_arl/utilities/bin/$OSTYPE/Stage1

– wu_arl/utilities/bin/$OSTYPE/Stage3

– wu_arl/utilities/bin/$OSTYPE/AAL5_download.sh

– wu_arl/utilities/bin/$OSTYPE/boot.out

– wu_arl/utilities/bin/$OSTYPE/FindNM


Usage

• Individual command line commands– ./Stage1 –shotgun 8 –svci 21 –rvci 21 –dvci 23 –uvci 24 –cvci 25

– ./Stage3 –shotgun 8 –native netbsd.MSR –both 24

– ./Stage3 –shotgun 8 –bss SPC24MB.fs –address 0x0196434 –both 24 -go

• AAL5download.sh script– ./AAL5download 8 netbsd.MSR SCP24MB.fs 21 21 23 24 25

• Use from MSR Configuration Module– system(msrDownload.sh);


Special Usage Note on Linux

• AAL5download.sh script:– needs to be able to determine the start location for the

File System

– NetBSD uses nm(1)

– Linux nm(1) won’t work on a NetBSD binary

– We have written a version of nm specifically for AAL5_download.sh: FindNM

– FindNM is used automatically when AAL5_download.sh is run on Linux


AAL5_download.sh Usage• > ./AAL5_download.sh

• Usage: ./AAL5_download.sh <netbsd_file> <filesystem_file> <start_vci> [<second_vci>] [<third_vci>][<fourth_vci>] [<fifth_vci>]


Stage1 Usage• > ./Stage1• ./Stage1: [vpi/vci data] [load info]• ./Stage1: [-svpi #] (VPI for local sending of AAL5 control cells (0))• ./Stage1: [-svci #] (VCI for local sending of AAL5 control cells)• ./Stage1: [-rvpi #] (VPI for local reading of AAL5 control cells (0))• ./Stage1: [-rvci #] (VCI for local reading of AAL5 control cells)• ./Stage1: [-cvpi #] (VPI for remote CC writes of AAL5 control cells (0))• ./Stage1: [-cvci #] (VCI for remote CC writes of AAL5 control cells)• ./Stage1: [-dvpi #] (VPI for local write of AAL5 data frames (0))• ./Stage1: [-dvci #] (VCI for local write of AAL5 data frames)• ./Stage1: [-uvpi #] (VPI for local read of AAL5 data frames (0))• ./Stage1: [-uvci #] (VCI for local read of AAL5 data frames)• ./Stage1: [-resp #] (Response port of AAL5 control cells)• ./Stage1: [-start #] (Initial VCI sequence (41, 42, 43, 44))• ./Stage1: [-watch 0x#] (Monitor location for changes)• ./Stage1: [-apic #] (Linux: Apic Id (0 <= X <= 3))• ./Stage1: [-abit #] (Alternating bit setting)• ./Stage1: [-file <path>] (Name of boot loader (boot.out))• ./Stage1: [-swap] (use htonl() on output)• ./Stage1: [-shotgun #] (multicast loading 8X)• ./Stage1: [-msr #] (VCI for MSR ONLY AAL5 data frames)• ./Stage1: [-address #] (Physical data write address (0))• ./Stage1: [-noreset] (do not write reset register)


Stage3 Usage• > ./Stage3 -help

• [-switches] (-help) args

• -bss <file> Load .bss format file

• -native <file> Load native uncompressed file

• -strip Remove Symbols from kernel

• -debug print lots of stuff

• -verbose Dump Elf headers

• -elf Elf format execution

• -rvpi <VPI> Load VPI number

• -rvci <VCI> Load VCI number

• -svpi <VPI> Load VCI number

• -svci <VCI> Load VCI number

• -both <VCI> Set both VCI numbers

• -address <PhysAddr> Load file at <addr>

• -start <PhysAddr> Start file at <addr>

• -go Start kernel

• -shotgun <count> Multicast loading 8X


Host APIC to SPC Control Connections

APIC

PC

WUGS Switch

Port 0Port 1

Port 7

Port 6

Port 3Port 5

SPC/Port 4

Port 2

0/42

0/41

0/33 (0x21)

0/0x0321APIC ID

41 0x0321

Example


APIC Driver at SPC Boot Time

• PCI Configuration Space (sys/dev/pci/if_apic_pci.c):

– Base memory address:• APIC Physical memory in SPC starts at 0xF0000000

– Memory mapping options:• Memory Enable• Master Enable• Write Invalidate Enable

– IRQ• Driver normally would read this from PCI config space• APIC statically assigned IRQ 5 by System FPGA• For consistency, driver writes 5 to Interrupt Line Register


PCI Configuration Space

Configuration Space Header

Device ID Vendor IDStatus Command

Class Code Revision ID

BIST HeaderType

Cardbus CIS PointerSubsystem ID Subsystem Vendor ID

Expansion ROM Base AddressReservedReserved

Max_Lat Min_Gnt

LatencyTimer

Cache LineSize

Base Address Registers

InterruptPin

InterruptLine


Defining a Route on APIC Network Interface• NOTE: With the MSR you do not use ifconfig and atm_ifconfig

– the MSR uses a different APIC driver then “plain” NetBSD for the SPC

• Configure the APIC> ifconfig apic0 inet 192.168.10.1 netmask 0xffffff00

- network interface: apic0- our IP address: 192.168.10.1

• Configure a VCI> atm_ifconfig apic0 0xc5 open -aal5 -llc -besteffort -

maxqueuebufs 100 -inport FIBER -outports FIBER- network interface: apic0- vci: 0xc5- besteffort (vs. paced or lowdelay)- Tx buffer queue limit for this VCI: ‘maxqueuebufs 100’

• Configure the route> route add -iface 192.168.10.5 -link apic0:0.0.0.c5

- destination: 192.168.10.5- network interface: apic0- vci: 0xc5


atm_ifconfig> atm_ifconfigUsage: atm_ifconfig <interface> <vpivci> [open|close|modify|getall [options...]]

Options are:

-aal0 | -aal5

-llc | -nollc <protocol>: use LLC/SNAP?

protocol is inet | ratm | value of ethernet type

-loopback

-inport <input_port_number>

-outports <bitvector_of_output_ports>

bitvector: 1 => port 0, 2 => port 1, 3 => both

-lowdelay | -paced <rate> | -besteffort

-maxqueuebufs <max_descriptors_in_tx_queue>

<rate> is in Kbits/sec

ChangesHERE

-inport and-outportvalueshave

changed.


IPP

OP

P

SPC

TI

Switch Fabric

IPP

OP

P

SPC

TI

IPP

OP

P

TI

ControlProcessor

APIC Configuration

6 56 5 6 5

IPP

OP

P

SPC

TI

IPP

OP

P

SPC

TI

. . .

Sys.FPGA

32-64MB

Pentium

Cache

NorthBridgeAPIC

33 3 66 6

SPC


IPP

OP

P

TI

Sys.FPGA

32-64MB

Pentium

Cache

NorthBridgeAPIC

Link

Defining APIC Ports for Routing

atm_ifconfig apic0 0xca open -aal5 -llc -besteffort -inport $INPORT -outports $OUTPORTs

Switch

INPORT OUTPORTs

LINK LINK


IPP

OP

P

TI

Sys.FPGA

32-64MB

Pentium

Cache

NorthBridgeAPIC

Link

Defining APIC Ports for RoutingSwitch

INPORT OUTPORTs

LINK SWITCH



IPP

OP

P

TI

Sys.FPGA

32-64MB

Pentium

Cache

NorthBridgeAPIC

Link


INPORT OUTPORTs

SWITCH LINK



IPP

OP

P

TI

Sys.FPGA

32-64MB

Pentium

Cache

NorthBridgeAPIC

Link


INPORT OUTPORTs

SWITCH SWITCH



IPP

OP

P

TI

Sys.FPGA

32-64MB

Pentium

Cache

NorthBridgeAPIC

Link


INPORT OUTPORTs

LINK BOTH



IPP

OP

P

TI

Sys.FPGA

32-64MB

Pentium

Cache

NorthBridgeAPIC

Link


INPORT OUTPORTs

SWITCH BOTH



Caveats

• You cannot change the SPC-I IRQ assignments:– They are fixed in the System FPGA

– And there should be no reason to change them

• HLT instruction in locore.s commented out– remnant of when we were having INTEL problems

– we can leave it this way

– gives a slight performance improvement

• SPC needs to be reset before EACH download

a smart port card tutorial --- software john dehart washington university [email protected]

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