a simulator for explaining organic reactions through qualitative reasoning
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through
Qualitative Reasoning
![Page 2: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction (I)
• We implemented qualitative reasoning based on QPT ontology in a software tool (QRiOM)
• The main educational goals of the tool are that:– The students will undergo mental change so that they are
able to explain chemical phenomenon in a more elaborated way
– The students would benefit from it in terms of improving their reasoning skills and enhancing their understanding of the organic processes
![Page 3: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction (II)• The main focus of the design of QRiOM is on
the generation of explanation (causal and behavioral aspects of organic reactions)
• The results of a simulation is presented in five main forms:– Names of the final product (most stable form), and organic
mechanism used to predict the output– QPT processes (for inspection)– Causal diagram for tracing parameter dependency during a
make-bond/break-bond organic process– The entire reaction route (from initial substrate to the final
products)– Reacting species (view pairs) used in each reaction step and
their chemical parameters’ states change
![Page 4: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Inputs 1 (Substrates &
Reagents)
2 Substrates Recognizer
4 QPT model constructor
3 Chemical
Knowledge Base 1. Chemical facts 2. Chemical theories 3. OntoRM 4. QPT process models
5 Qualitative Simulator
1. Quantity space analyzer 2. Molecule update routine
6 Explanation Generator (Causal and behavioral)
7
Outputs 1. Final products 2. Reaction routes 3. mechanism used 4. explanation notes
This module checks user selection, and returns the “type”
of the inputs as either a nucleophile or an electrophile. From here, an organic reaction
may be determined
This module will automate the construction of a
process model using QPT modeling constructs
The actual reasoning and simulation starts here. The task
is handled by several sub-modules. These include QSA
and MUR
This module will generate explanation to justify the
simulated result
Functional components of QRiOM
Functional components of QRiOM
![Page 5: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Main interface of QRiOM simulator prototype
![Page 6: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A B C
More learning activities and explanation can be viewed by clicking A, B and C buttons
Input selection Predicted products
![Page 7: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Learners may inspect the automated
models
QPT processes
QPT model inspection page
![Page 8: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Brief explanation of QPT slots is provided
Check how twoparameters are relatedin a given bond activity
![Page 9: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The series of organic reactionsoccurred are stored in special purpose
data structures during reasoning in orderto generate causal graph;
like this one
Causal diagram inspection page
![Page 10: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
This button will display thepop-up window to tell the user how to read the causal diagram
![Page 11: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
More snapshots are provided for learners to examine the chemical parameter states’
changes
The entire reaction route is displayed after a simulation is completed
![Page 12: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Basic properties of each atom
involved in a reaction are
recorded for user inspection
More learning activities and explanation
![Page 13: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Learners can select any reacting species to study their
parameter history (from the first reaction step until the entire simulation is ended)
During simulation each chemical state change is recorded
![Page 14: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Contents of the View Structure give the pairs of reacting species used in each small reaction step
![Page 15: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Editor page for adding/deleting chemical facts and theories
![Page 16: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Some organic chemistry terms are also provided; the page can be accessed from the main interface
![Page 17: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Examples used are:Reasoning casesOrganic Mechanisms = 2 (SN1 and SN2)General Reaction formulas = 3
SN1Tertiary alcohol + Hydrogen halide(CH3)3COH HX
• CH3CH3CH3COH + HF• CH3CH3CH3COH + HCl• CH3CH3CH3COH + HBr• CH3CH3CH3COH + HI• CH3CH3CHOH + HF• CH3CH3CHOH + HCl• CH3CH3CHOH + HBr• CH3CH3CHOH + HI
Alkyl halide (tertiary) + Water molecules(CH3)3CX 2H2O (in excess)
• (CH3)3CF + 2H2O• (CH3)3CCl + 2H2O• (CH3)3CBr + 2H2O• (CH3)3CI + 2H2O
![Page 18: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SN2
Alkyl Halide (primary) + incoming nucleophileCH3CH2X Hydroxyl functional group
CH3F + HO-CH3Cl + HO-CH3Br + HO-CH3I + HO-CH3CH2F + HO-CH3CH2Cl + HO-CH3CH2Br + HO-CH3CH2I + HO-CH3CH2CH2F + HO-CH3CH2CH2Cl + HO-CH3CH2CH2Br + HO-CH3CH2CH2I + HO-CH3CH2CH2CH2F + HO-CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + HO-CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + HO-CH3CH2CH2CH2I + HO-
![Page 19: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Other reaction formulas tested are:
1. CH3CH3CH3COH + HO-2. CH3CH3CH3COH + H2O 3. CH3OH + HO-4. CH3OH + H2O5. CH3CH3CHOH + HO-6. CH3CH3CHOH + H2O7. CH3CH2X + H2O8. CH3X + H2O9. CH3CH2X + X-10. CH3X + X-11. CH3CH2CH2CH2X + H2O12. CH3CH2CH2CH2X + HO-13. CH3CH2CH2X + H2O14. CH3CH2CH2X + HO-15. (CH3)3CX + HO-16. (CH3)3CX + X-
![Page 20: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Conclusion (I)
• The simulation has been successfully tested with positive results– The QR approach enables prediction to be made, as
well as causal explanation generation about theories of a number of organic chemistry phenomena
– Cause-effect chain can be explained by using only the ontological primitives of QPT
• A study of learners’ feedback using the software was carried out– Overall, there was general understanding that the new
means of learning through qualitative simulation and explanation had proved valuable
![Page 21: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Conclusions (II)
• The software – can predict final products– can explain its reasoning
• Unlike other chemistry software, QRiOM is implemented without having any pre-coded solution path in the knowledge base
• From a learner’s point of view– conceptual understanding is nurtured– reasoning ability is improved
![Page 22: A Simulator For Explaining Organic Reactions Through Qualitative Reasoning](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f145503460f94c28b9a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Alicia Tang (University of Tenaga Nasional, MALAYSIA)Email: [email protected] Tel: +603 89212336
Sharifuddin Mohd. Zain (Dept. of Chemistry, Malaya University)
Noorsaadah Abd. Rahman (Dept. of Chemistry, Malaya University)
Rukaini Abdullah (Dept. of AI, Malaya University)