a service providing awareness of learning object evolutions in a distributed environment - 2008...
DESCRIPTION
In some previous works we suggested a mechanism that offers the opportunity to import, within courseware deployed within Learning Management System, some learning object stored into heterogeneous repositories. Works presented here allow teachers and curriculum managers to be aware of all divergences between the imported learning objects and their evolutions, releases and dependencies. It avoids collaboration between production stakeholders and teachers to spiral out of control by providing teachers with visualization techniques such as State Treemap and 3D relationships representation together with notification systems. The framework has been implemented in an open and LOM-based architecture that includes Moodle and the Ariadne Knowledge Pool System, thus validating our approach. Olivier Catteau, Philippe Vidal, Julien Broisin. A Service Providing Awareness of Learning Object Evolutions in a Distributed Environment. Dans : European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2008), Maastricht School of Management, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 16/09/2008-19/09/2008, P. Dillenbourg, M. Specht (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 5192, p. 74-85, septembre 2008.TRANSCRIPT
A Service Providing Awareness of Learning Object Evolutions in a
Distributed Environment
Olivier Catteau, Philippe Vidal, Julien BroisinInstitut de Recherche en Informatique de
Toulouse{catteau, vidal, broisin}@irit.fr
Author
LearningObject
Repository
LearningManagement
System
Context
Various systems (LOR and LMS)
Learning Objects indexed into LOR
Learning Objects used by teachers and learners within LMS
2
Author
LearningObject
Repository
LearningManagement
System
Context
LO
Various systems (LOR and LMS)
Learning Objects indexed into LOR
Learning Objects used by teachers and learners within LMS
2
Author
LearningObject
Repository
LearningManagement
System
Context
LO
LO
Various systems (LOR and LMS)
Learning Objects indexed into LOR
Learning Objects used by teachers and learners within LMS
2
Author
LearningObject
Repository
LearningManagement
System
Context
LO
LO
Various systems (LOR and LMS)
Learning Objects indexed into LOR
Learning Objects used by teachers and learners within LMS
Teacher
Learner
2
Author
LearningObject
Repository
LearningManagement
System
Context
LO
LO
Various systems (LOR and LMS)
Learning Objects indexed into LOR
Learning Objects used by teachers and learners within LMS
LO release
Teacher
Learner
2
Author
LearningObject
Repository
LearningManagement
System
Context
LO
LO
Various systems (LOR and LMS)
Learning Objects indexed into LOR
Learning Objects used by teachers and learners within LMS
LO release
Teacher
Learner
2
How be teachers aware of LO evolutions?!?
How to know what changes have been made?!?
How to (decide to) converge?!?
Outline Identifying Learning Object
Evolutions Storing Learning Object Evolutions Managing divergences Implementation Conclusion and perspectives
3
time
import
(a) first integration
LO A evolutionswithin the LOR
LO A integrationswithin the LMS
A1
A1
Ai Ak
Ak
converge
(b) re-authoring (c) release (d) convergence
foo
foo foo
foo
Simple LO release
A1
divergence
4
Succession of learning object evolutions New release implies conflicts
time
import
(a) first integration
LO A evolutionswithin the LOR
LO A integrationswithin the LMS
A1
A1
Ai Ak
As
(b) re-authoring (c) release (d) convergence
Ar As
converge
competitivebranch
foo
foo
foo
foo foo
foo
Competitive LO release / Format Change
divergence
A1
5
Competitive evolutions of the same learning object Various approaches to reach the same pedagogical objectives
Format changes
time
import
(a) first integration
LO A evolutionswithin the LOR
LO A integrationswithin the LMS
A1
A1
Ak
(b) release (c) convergence
bar
foo
foo
importLO B evolutionswithin the LOR
LO B integrationswithin the LMS
B1
B1
Bk
Bk
convergebar bar
foo
Ak
Bk
isrequired
byrequires
A1
B1
isrequired
byrequires
LO dependencies
divergence
A1
6
Relationships between learning objects B requires A to be understood New releases: Bk and Ak Deploying Bk implies a pedagogical conflict
Information to store Qualified relationships
isBasedOn/isBasisFor hasVersion/isVersionOf
Publication date Most recent release
Status of the evolution State of the release
Changes that have been made7
Outline
8
Identifying Learning Object Evolutions Storing Learning Object Evolutions Managing divergences Implementation Conclusion and perspectives
3. Meta-metadata
3.2 Contribute
3.2.1 Role
3.2.2 Entity
3.2.3 Date
…3.2.4 Changes
2. Life Cycle
2.1 Version
2.2 Status
2.3 Contribute
2.3.1 Role
2.3.2 Entity
2.3.3 Date2.4 Expiry Date
2.3.4 Changes2.5 Modifications Severity
7. Relation
7.2.1.2 Entry
7.2.1.1 Catalog
7.2.1 Identifier
…
7.2 Resource
7.1 Kind
Storage of Divergences Information
Status of the new release
Relation(s) with other(s) learning object(s)
9
Existing LOM standard
3. Meta-metadata
3.2 Contribute
3.2.1 Role
3.2.2 Entity
3.2.3 Date
…3.2.4 Changes
2. Life Cycle
2.1 Version
2.2 Status
2.3 Contribute
2.3.1 Role
2.3.2 Entity
2.3.3 Date2.4 Expiry Date
2.3.4 Changes2.5 Modifications Severity
7. Relation
7.2.1.2 Entry
7.2.1.1 Catalog
7.2.1 Identifier
…
7.2 Resource
7.1 Kind
Storage of Divergences Information
Who has made changes on LO
When changes have been made
10
Existing LOM standard
3. Meta-metadata
3.2 Contribute
3.2.1 Role
3.2.2 Entity
3.2.3 Date
…3.2.4 Changes
2. Life Cycle
2.1 Version
2.2 Status
2.3 Contribute
2.3.1 Role
2.3.2 Entity
2.3.3 Date2.4 Expiry Date
2.3.4 Changes2.5 Modifications Severity
7. Relation
7.2.1.2 Entry
7.2.1.1 Catalog
7.2.1 Identifier
…
7.2 Resource
7.1 Kind
Storage of Divergences Information
Who has made changes on LO description
When changes have been made
11
Existing LOM standard
3. Meta-metadata
3.2 Contribute
3.2.1 Role
3.2.2 Entity
3.2.3 Date
…3.2.4 Changes
2. Life Cycle
2.1 Version
2.2 Status
2.3 Contribute
2.3.1 Role
2.3.2 Entity
2.3.3 Date2.4 Expiry Date
2.3.4 Changes2.5 Modifications Severity
7. Relation
7.2.1.2 Entry
7.2.1.1 Catalog
7.2.1 Identifier
…
7.2 Resource
7.1 Kind
Storage of Divergences Information
What changes were made and why they were made New descriptor
12
Extended LOM standard
3. Meta-metadata
3.2 Contribute
3.2.1 Role
3.2.2 Entity
3.2.3 Date
…3.2.4 Changes
2. Life Cycle
2.1 Version
2.2 Status
2.3 Contribute
2.3.1 Role
2.3.2 Entity
2.3.3 Date2.4 Expiry Date
2.3.4 Changes2.5 Modifications Severity
7. Relation
7.2.1.2 Entry
7.2.1.1 Catalog
7.2.1 Identifier
…
7.2 Resource
7.1 Kind
Storage of Divergences Information
Rate about modifications severity New descriptor Value space
Low Medium High
13
Extended LOM standard
Outline Identifying Learning Object Evolutions Storing Learning Object Evolutions Managing divergences Implementation Conclusion and perspectives
14
Processing: the LOV Design
LMS 1 LMS 2
Subject Matter Expert
Editing Teacher
LOR 1 LOR 2
LOR WEB SERVICES
Storage of Learning Objects& Metadata
15
Pedagogical Interfaces
Author
Specific API 1Virtualization Layer
Specific API 2
Search IndexationImportation Generation
Processing: the LOV Design
LMS 1 LMS 2
Subject Matter Expert
Editing Teacher
LOR 1 LOR 2
LOR WEB SERVICES
Storage of Learning Objects& Metadata
15
Pedagogical Interfaces
Author
Specific API 1Virtualization Layer
Specific API 2
Search IndexationImportation Generation
Processing: the LOV Design
LMS 1 LMS 2
EvolutionsConvergence
Subject Matter Expert
Editing Teacher
LOR 1 LOR 2
LOR WEB SERVICES
Storage of Learning Objects& Metadata
15
Pedagogical Interfaces
Author
Specific API 1Virtualization Layer
Specific API 2
Search IndexationImportation Generation
Processing: the LOV Design
LMS 1 LMS 2
EvolutionsConvergence
Subject Matter Expert
Editing Teacher
LOR 1 LOR 2
LOR WEB SERVICES
Storage of Learning Objects& Metadata
• Visualization of divergences• Notifications of divergences• Convergence
15
Pedagogical Interfaces
Author
Visualizing: the 3D relationships representation
16
Treemap construction
17
Course C1
LO A
Folder F1
LO B LO D
Folder F2
LO E LO G LO H
Folder F4
Course C2
LO I LO J LO K
Category Ca1
Treemap
I
J
K
A B
DE
GH
Folder F3
(a) (b)
Visualizing: State Treemap
Up to date Re-authoring in progress
Dependency divergence Need update
No longer valid18
Notifying: asynchronous tools Email alerts
Teachers Teachers and pedagogical managers ...
RSS feeds LO included in a specific learning design LO deployed by a specific teacher All LO deployed on the LMS ...
19
Converging Manual convergence
LO release selection on 3D representation
Automatic / scheduled convergence When modifications severity is low No competitive re-authoring No format modification
20
Benefits Teachers keep awareness without continuously monitoring LOR content
Convergence processes are facilitated, even automated
Pedagogical conflicts avoided Up-to-date content
21
Outline
22
Identifying Learning Object Evolutions Storing Learning Object Evolutions Managing divergences Implementation Conclusion and perspectives
Implementation
KPS
ARIADNE WEB SERVICES
PHP
SOAP/HTTP
LOM++
23
Specific API
Search IndexationImportation Generation
EvolutionsConvergence
SOAP/HTTP
International EMIAGE Initiated by a French numeric campus
Delivers Master of Computer Science to foreign students
Divergence example
24
Outline
25
Identifying Learning Object Evolutions Storing Learning Object Evolutions Managing divergences Implementation Conclusion and perspectives
Conclusion Awareness about LO divergences in the context
of LO integration process Visualization techniques general picture of the
situation Notifications systems teacher’s reactivity Up-to-date course content
Modifications applied to LOM schema should be adopted by consensus
26
Perspectives How the divergence has evolved?
Playback & undo functionalities Awareness mechanisms for steering committee members All LMS of a digital campus
Awareness techniques applied during production process
27
Thanks for your attention!!
28
http://www.irit.fr/SIERAhttp://www.ariadne-eu.org