a report on traffic volume survey on moy
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Introduction
Transport Planning or Transportation is a fundamental element for functioning of any society,
region or state. It demonstrates a very close relationship with the study of life, the range and
location of productive and leisure activities and the goods and services, which will be
available for consumption. New technologies of transportation have been very closely
correlated with the development of modern society. From the definition of transportation
planning we find that “Transportation planning is the field involved with the siting of
transportation facilities (generally streets, highways, sidewalks, bike lanes and public
transport lines).” Under this field traffic volume survey plays a vital role to determine the
existing condition and to forecast the future condition of traffic volume. Traffic Volume is
the number of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time at any selected
period. Traffic volume is used as a quantity measure of flow and the commonly
used units are vehicles per day and vehicles per hour.
Traffic capacity of any road is an important part of the planning. It influences the traffic flow
in a city. Traffic capacity is expressed as the maximum number of vehicles a lane that can
pass a specified point in unit time usually an hour.
The volume of traffic repeats not only the numbers of people requiring to be moved but also
their affluences. The volume of transport between two urban centers depends upon the quality
of highway and availability of various transportation modes between these urban centers. The
volume also depends upon the interaction between these urban centers.
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Study area
Khulna is the third largest industrial city in Bangladesh is the divisional headquarters. It is the
third largest populated town with about 0.80 million population in Bangladesh. It is situated
on the right bank of the river Bhairab. Since 1842 it has been the headquarters of a sub-
division. Being a major city of the country it has developed a modern transportation network.
The uses of a variety of traffic routes have completed a great impact on daily city life. With
the enhancement of population and with the economic tricks, the volume of inter-city
transportation increases in a simultaneous rate day by day. Our study area is Moylapota
intersection which is one of the busiest road of Khulna city. In this point traffic volume is
relatively high, compared with other busy points. All type of vehicles such as rickshaw,
rickshaw van, easy bike, motorcycle, bicycle, scoter, pushcart, suv, bus, micro bus, truck, car
etc. move in this road.
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Objectives and Need of the Study
One of the fundamental measures of traffic on a road is the volume of traffic
using the road in a given interval of time. It is also termed as flow and it is
expressed in vehicles per hour or vehicle per day. When the traffic is composed
of a number of vehicles, it is the normal practice to convert the flow into
equivalent Passenger-Car Unit (PCU), by using certain equivalency factors. The flow
is then expressed as PCUs per hour or PCUs per day.
K n ow in g t he f lo w ch a r ac t e r i s t i c s on e can eas i l y d e t e rmi n e w h e t he r a
p a r t i cu l a r section of the road is handling traffic much above or below its capacity. If a
traffic is heavy, the road suffers from congestion with consequent loss in journey
speeds. lower the speeds causes economic loss to the community due to time lost by the
occupants of the vehicles and the higher operational cost of vehicles. Congestion also lead to
traffic hazards. There for traffic volume data are require to draw up schemes for
improvement of road network and also to allocate the scare economic resources most
advantageously
The study comprises the following objectives which are given below:
1. To study the existing volume of traffic in Moylapota intersection.
2. To find out the volume of traffic both fast moving and slow moving.
3. To identify the traffic characteristics.
4. To explore the present traffic condition.
5. To find out the causes and consequences of traffic congestion.
6. To find out the possible solutions.
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Methodology
Our survey topics is Traffic volume survey of Traffic intersection of Khulna city and our
study area is Moylapota intersection. This study maintains a systematically well-arranged
methodology for the achievement and successful accomplishment of the report. The
methodology divided into some segments as,
Conceptualization: Concepts about the study are developed from the previous relevant
studies and papers like report, thesis, books etc. From those previous works, effects and
causes of traffic congestion and also undertaken measures to reduce traffic congestion have
been known. Those concepts are very essential to conduct this report. For the survey we
prepared a survey form to measure the traffic volume.
Tally Sheets:
Recording data onto tally sheets is the simplest means of conducting manual counts. The data
can be recorded with the tally mark on a pre-prepared survey form.
Field procedure: Related information like traffic volume, the inbound and outbound
traffic of the intersection. Transportation type of the area are collected by means of objective
observation. The main objective of the survey is to observe the vehicular traffic flow, to
identify the traffic characteristics, to explore the present traffic condition. We surveyed the
study area both weekend and weekday to find out and measure the traffic volume with the
survey form. In the survey time we the group members are placed each station. Then we start
our survey together in time. In the weekend survey, we spent 1hr continuously. But, in the
weekday we surveyed 15 min cycle in 4 order. Thus, we have finished our traffic volume
survey.
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Methodology Diagram:
Conceptualization
Selection of the topics
Done by teacher
Prepare tally form
Selection criteria
1. Make trip by once vehicle
2. shares the Fare
Data collection
Selection of the temporary
station for surveying.
Calculation the traffic volume
Presentation by maps tabular from
and textual from
Analysis
Report writing
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METHODS FOR COUNTING TRAFFIC
VOLUME
(1) Mechanical counters
(2) Manual counts
(1) Mechanical counters: These may be either fixed type or portable type. The mechanical
counter can au t om at i ca l l y r e co r d t h e to t a l n umb e r o f v eh i c l e s c ro s s i ng a
s ec t io n o f t h e ro ad i n a desired period. The working may be by the effect of impulses
or stimuli caused by traffic movement on a pneumatic hose placed across the roadway or by
using any other of sensor. T r a f f i c co un t i s r e co rd e d b y e l ec t r i c a l l y o p e r a t ed
co un t e r s an d r eco rd e r s cap ab l e o f r e co r d i ng t h e i mp u l s es . Th e i mp u l s es
c au s ed b y v eh i c l es o f l i gh t w e i gh t m ay n o t b e enough in some cases to actuate.
The main advantages of mechanical counter is that it can wo r k th r oug h ou t t h e da y
an d n ig h t f o r t h e d e s i r ed p e r i od , r e co r d in g t h e t o t a l h o u r l y volume,
which may not be practicable in manual counting. The main drawback of the
mechanical counter is that it is not possible to get the traffic volumes of various classes
of traffic in the stream and the details of turning movements.
(2) Manual counts: This method employs a field team to record traffic volume on the
prescribed record sheets. By this method it is possible to obtain data which is not be
collected by mechanical counters, such as vehicle classification, turning movements and
counts where the loading condition or number of occupants are required. But it is
not practicable to have manual count for all the 24 hours of the day. Hence it is
necessary to resort to statically sampling techniques in order to cut down the manual
hours involved in talking complete counts, First the fluctuation of traffic volume
during the hours of day and the daily variations are observed. Then by selecting typical short
count period, the traffic volume study is made by manual counting. Then by statistical
analysis the peak hourly traffic volumes as well as the average daily traffic volumes are
calculated. This method is very commonly adopted due to the specific advantages over other
methods.
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Traffic Volume Survey
In our traffic volume survey we are assigned to survey the traffic volume of Moylapota
intersection. From the following method we follow the manual count method. Under this
method we arrange our working process into some steps.
The following steps ware performed for traffic volume study:
(1) Preparation of site layout
(2) Vehicle Count Survey
(3) Traffic Volume Survey Analysis
• Analysis of Traffic Volume Composition
• Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr and PCU/hr(MODE WISE)
• Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr and PCU/hr
(direction wise)
(1) Preparation of site layout
After selection our study area we visit there and prepare a site layout map which is
given below:
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(2) Vehicle Count Survey: Volume Count data is as following -
Week end survey information:
Inbound Vehicle
Vehicle Type M P I S J Total
Rickshaw 324 372 120 340 142 1298
Rickshaw Van 53 68 48 110 19 298
Easy Bike 241 281 124 375 23 1044
Bicycle 193 143 56 185 56 633
Pushcart 12 2 1 2 2 19
Scooter 4 2 0 16 2 24
Carrier 0 2 0 1 0 3
Car 40 23 4 32 3 102
Micro Bus 21 4 2 35 1 63
SUV 15 6 3 5 0 29
Bus 2 3 1 2 0 8
Truck 2 0 2 0 0 4
Motor Cycle 218 175 92 133 61 679
Others 6 0 0 5 0 11
Total inbound vehicles 4215
Outbound Vehicle
Vehicle Type R M S H A Total
Rickshaw 130 248 315 341 250 1284
Rickshaw Van 42 37 88 65 29 261
Easy Bike 151 325 317 212 29 1034
Bicycle 109 125 156 142 74 606
Pushcart 3 9 0 3 3 18
Scooter 0 2 5 13 0 20
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Vehicle per hour in week end = (4215 + 4118) or, 8333
Vehicle per day in week end = (8333 × 24) or, 199992
Week Day Survey Information:
Inbound Traffic
Vehicle Type I M S A S Total
Rickshaw 538 455 421 162 372 1948
Rickshaw Van 77 83 118 85 51 414
Easy Bike 426 307 313 100 95 1241
Bicycle 188 220 164 121 82 775
Pushcart 2 12 1 0 11 26
Scooter 17 8 5 8 0 38
Tralier 0 4 4 1 0 9
Car 68 83 30 18 19 218
Micro Bus 33 27 8 5 4 77
SUV 31 18 1 1 1 52
Bus 6 2 3 0 0 11
Truck 6 2 1 6 0 15
Motor Cycle 240 409 182 130 146 1107
Others 1 2 3 3 3 12
Total inbound vehicles 5943
Carrier 2 0 0 2 0 4
Car 3 33 28 32 5 101
Micro Bus 4 22 13 21 0 60
SUV 5 10 7 9 0 31
Bus 0 4 2 2 0 8
Truck 1 2 3 0 0 6
Motor Cycle 82 153 141 234 65 675
Others 0 2 3 5 0 10
Total outbound vehicles 4118
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Out bound Traffic
Vehicle Type H M R P J Total
Rickshaw 327 201 165 430 241 1364
Rickshaw Van 91 110 99 67 47 414
Easy Bike 300 290 134 145 313 1182
Bicycle 197 168 137 112 212 826
Pushcart 0 6 0 2 7 15
Scooter 18 4 1 1 5 29
Tralier 6 3 3 0 6 18
Car 85 23 14 24 61 207
Micro Bus 28 6 9 0 14 57
SUV 20 6 1 0 12 39
Bus 5 0 2 0 3 10
Truck 10 10 2 0 6 28
Motor Cycle 347 150 143 101 220 961
Others 12 14 2 0 3 31
Total outbound vehicles 5181
Vehicle per hour in week day = ( 5943 + 5181) or, 11124
Vehicle per day in week day = (11124 × 24) or, 266976
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(3) Variation on traffic volume:
Variation on inbound traffic
1948
414
1241
775
26
38
9
218
77
52
11
15
1107
12
1298
298
1044
633
19
24
3
102
63
29
8
4
679
11
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Rickshaw
Rickshaw Van
Easy Bike
Bicycle
Pushcart
Scooter
Tralier
Car
Micro Bus
SUV
Bus
Truck
Motor Cycle
Others
Inbound Variation in traffic volume
weekendTotal weekday Total
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Variation on outbound traffic
1364
414
1182
826
15
29
18
207
57
39
10
28
961
31
1284
261
1034
606
18
20
4
101
60
31
8
6
675
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Rickshaw
Rickshaw Van
Easy Bike
Bicycle
Pushcart
Scooter
Tralier
Car
Micro Bus
SUV
Bus
Truck
Motor Cycle
Others
Outbound Variation in traffic volume
weekendTotal weekday Total
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Calculation of PCU:
Week end
Vehicles Types Inbound
vehicles/hr
Outbound
vehicles/hr
Total
vehicles/hr
PCU values Practical
Traffic
Capacity/hr
Rickshaw 1298 1284 2582 0.5 1291
Rickshaw Van 298 261 559 0.5 279.5
Easy Bike 1044 1034 2078 0.75 1558.5
Bicycle 633 606 1239 0.25 309.75
Pushcart 19 18 37 2.5 92.5
Scooter 24 20 44 0.4 17.6
Trailer 3 4 7 4 28
Car 102 101 203 1 203
Micro Bus 63 60 123 1 123
SUV 29 31 60 2 120
Bus 8 8 16 3 48
Truck 4 6 10 3 30
Motor Cycle 679 675 1354 0.4 541.6
Week day
Vehicles Types Inbound
vehicles/hr
Outbound
vehicles/hr
Total
vehicles/hr
PCU
values
Practical
Traffic
Capacity/hr
Rickshaw 1948 1364 3312 0.5 1656
Rickshaw Van 414 414 828 0.5 414
Easy Bike 1241 1182 2423 0.75 1817.25
Bicycle 775 826 1601 0.25 400.25
Pushcart 26 15 41 2.5 102.5
Scooter 38 29 67 0.4 26.8
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Trailer 9 18 27 4 108
Car 218 207 425 1 425
Micro Bus 77 57 134 1 134
SUV 52 39 91 2 182
Bus 11 10 21 3 63
Truck 15 28 43 3 129
Motor Cycle 1107 961 2068 0.4 827.2
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3-D Image of Moylapota Intersection:
Top view
Side view
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Conclusion:
As a planner, we need information about traffic. We should have enough information to
design and manage road and traffic system. Generally, we use the information for planning
and designing traffic facilities, selecting geometric standards, economic analysis and
determination of priorities. We also use this to justify warrant of traffic control devices.
Sometimes we use this information to study the effectiveness of introduced schemes,
diagnosing given situations and finding appropriate solutions, forecasting the effects of
projected strategies, calibrating and validating traffic models. As we all know, transportation
system is a dynamic system. Information about traffic must be regularly updated to keep pace
with ever-changing transportation system. And traffic system can be called the heart of
transportation system. Again, traffic surveys are the means of obtaining information about
traffic. In our Traffic volume survey, we tried to have a look over total traffic at “Moylapota”
intersection. So, last of all, we can say that as a planning student, we all must acquire general
knowledge of traffic volume characteristics through traffic volume survey in order to measure
and understand the magnitude, composition, and time and route distribution of volume for
each area under his jurisdiction.
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References:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/51981259/Traffic-Volume-survey
http://www.scribd.com/doc/59266481/Report-on-Traffic-Volume-Study
http://www.123helpme.com/traffic-volume-study-view.asp?id=159706