a reference guide for mycrestepsmg.jkr.gov.my/images/e/e2/001_mycrest_introduction_ver3.0_2… ·...

MyCREST © 2014 Reference Guide version 3.0

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A Reference Guide for

MyCREST Malaysian Carbon Reduction Environmental and

Sustainability Tool

MyCREST The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool


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JOB TITLE: REFERENCE GUIDE REV. 2.2 JOB NUMBER

1401

Document Title: File Reference:

Reference Guide rev2.2

21st JULY 2014

Document Ref:

Revision Date Filename 2013/1304 CIDB PHJKR/REFERNCE GUIDE/ REV.01

Rev.01 26/07/13 Description Document for Discussion Only

Prepared by Checked by Approved by

Name Basyirah Riduan

Fariza Mahmud

Haneesa Zahidah Mohd. Shah Redza

En. Zainuddin Hussien

En. Khairusy Syakirin

Dr. Puteri Shireen

Signature

Rev.02 10/09/13 Filename 2013/1304 CIDB PHJKR/REFERNCE GUIDE/ REV.02

Description Document for Discussion Only


Name

Signature

Rev2.2 23102013 Filename 2013/1304 CIDB PHJKR/REFERNCE GUIDE/ REV.2.2

Description Document for Discussion Only


Name

Signature


Description


Name

Signature


Description


Name



RG/ver3.0/21072014

Signature


Description


Name Basyirah Bt Riduan Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad Fuad Haneesa Zahidah Bt Mohd Shah Redza Wan Natasya Bt Wan Baharum

En. Zainuddin Hussein En. Khairusy Syakirin

Dr. Puteri Shireen

Signature

ICSAS © 2014 Reference Guide version 3.0

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TABLE OF CONTENT: MYCREST APPLICATION GUIDELINE

ACKNOWLEDMENT 6

PREFACE: WHY INTEGRATE CARBON REDUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS?

8

INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS MYCREST? 11

AIMS OF MYCREST 11

OBJECTIVE OF MYCREST 11

KEY DEFINITIONS 12

MYCREST PRINCIPLES AS THE BASIS OF MYCREST CRITERIA 13

CARBON FOOTPRINT OR TOTAL CARBON ASSESSMENT 15

ESSENCE OF MERGING 19

MYCREST BUILDING LIFE CYCLE 23

MYCREST FRAMEWORK 30

MYCREST RATING SYSTEM: CHARACTERISTIC, FEATURES & HIGHTLIGHT 33

SUMMATION STRUCTURE OF MYCREST CARBON AWARD 41

MYCREST FACT SHEET – SUMMARY OF KEY CHARACTERISTICS 46

WHO SHOULD USE THIS GUIDELINE 49

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDELINE 49

CRITERIA IN SCORECARD 53

RATING CLASSIFICATION 55

MYCREST CERTIFICATION PATH 59

MYCREST PROJECT BOUNDARY DETERMINATION 62

MYCREST ENERGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 64

ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS 67

GLOSSARY 83

REFERENCES, STANDARDS AND CODES 117


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Malaysian Carbon Reduction Sustainability Tool, or simply MYCREST, reflects the

wisdom and efforts of various individuals and their organizations. MYCREST began

through a series of meetings and workshops with the willing participation of all

contributors. The system was created in phases which involved close examination

and was finally compiled into several distinct categories to facilitate public usability.

MYCREST was created through the joint knowledge and expertise of members of

government agencies, public as well as private institutions, corporations and

companies, namely Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia (KKR), Jabatan Kerja Raya

Malaysia (JKR) and Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB).

The creation of MYCREST was only made possible with the invaluable contribution of

the individuals below.

LEAD CONSULTANT GROUP

Design and Construction

Dr. Puteri Shireen Jahn Kassim EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd &

International Islamic University

Malaysia.

Encik Mohamad Zainuddin Hussien EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.

Encik Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad Fuad EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.

Encik Mustaffa Kamal Bashar Mohamad Fauzi EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.

Pn. Fariza Mahmud EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.

Cik Basyirah Riduan EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.

Cik Haneesa Zahidah Mohamed Shah Redza

Wan Natasya Wan Baharum

EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.


Graphic and Layout Design

Encik Mustaffa Kamal Bashar Mohamad Fauzi

Syed Huzaifah Syed Omar



Construction and Operations & Maintenance

Ir. Wan Mohd Yusoff Wan Othman EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd.

Encik Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun Hashim EAG Consulting Sdn. Bhd &

International Islamic University

Malaysia.

External Reviewers

Prof Dato’ Dr. Mansor b. Ibrahim International Islamic University

Malaysia

Prof. Dr, Andrew Miller School of Environment, University

of Brighton, UK

Dr. Kenneth Ip School of Environment, University

of Brighton, UK

Sub-consultants

Dr. Rashidi Othman International Islamic University


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Malaysia

Dr. Zuraini Denan International Islamic University

Malaysia

Dr. Yousif Abdalla Abakr University of Nottingham

TASK FORCE COMMITTEE

Ir Ahmad ‘Asri Abdul Hamid CIDB Malaysia

Hj Sazali Che Mat CIDB Malaysia

Cik Emasria bt Ismail CIDB Malaysia

Encik Ramlan Bidin CIDB Malaysia

Ir Noraini Bahri CIDB Malaysia

Encik Murali Jayabalan Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia

(KKR)

Encik Mohd Fadhil Razmi Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia

(KKR)

Encik Kasman Genda Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia

(KKR)

Dato’ Ir. Dr. Roslan bin Md. Taha Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Ir Nasir Mohd Yusof JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Syed Abdullah Syed Abd Rahman JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Hj. Jalaludin Ahmad JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Ir. Abdul Murad Zainal Abidin JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Ir. Abu Harith Hj Shamsuddin JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Pn Farah bt Abdul Samad JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Encik Hamizan Husain JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Ir. Ismail AbdRahman JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Ir. Rozina bt Sudin JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Dr Nor Sharene Mohd Ibrahim JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Pn Salina bt Sein JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Ir. Nasir Abdul Hamid JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Cik Rosnida Mohd Yusof JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia (JKR)

Mr. Steve Anthony Lojuntin Sustainable Energy Development

Authority Malaysia (SEDA)

Mr. S Ramesh V Subramaniam IJM Corporation Berhad

Ir Chong Chew Fan Institute of Engineers Malaysia (IEM)

Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project

(BSEEP), Environment and Energy Branch, JKR


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PREFACE: WHY INTEGRATE CARBON REDUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS?

Recent developments in climate change have made it more urgent for nations,

networks and communities to shift the gear of sustainability from idealism to action.

Recent reviews of established green and sustainable building rating systems such as

LEED and BREEAM have found that there is a need to take action based on an

assessment and data collected on performance in use and data in use of current

buildings.

This is in general, due to the need to establish a direct response to the climate

change spectre, which has inadvertently moved from an idle threat to a global

phenomenon. Climate change – a global problem requiring action on a global

scale - has the capacity to offset all of past economic achievements and reduce

nations’ socio-economic conditions. Humanity may be faced with a downgrading

of our standards of living and economic progress, or even a disaster in the era of

future generations. There are increasing signs of the debilitating threat of global

warming and the uncertainty over long-term energy supplies.

Buildings consume approximately 50 percent of electricity produced in the world.

As a result, buildings‒whether commercial, institutional and residential‒are

responsible for approximately 30 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the world.

The majority of emissions come from burning fossil fuels to operate the buildings,

while others come from manufacturing of materials as well as operations and long-

term maintenances.

Hence, the primary objective of MYCREST is towards an Integrated Carbon &

Sustainable Building Assessment System (MYCREST) and tool in order to create a built

environment that can respond to the need to minimise impact on the environment

including carbon emission within the built environment. Because carbon emission is

not the only index or matrics of sustainability, the assessment systems also intends to

address a more holistic and net benefits of the socio-economic aspects of

sustainability.

The development of MYCREST recognizes the need for performance-based

standards in addressing green building design, construction and operations in order

to provide a framework linking sustainability indicators to carbon emission criteria

and performance-based index. This serves not only to mitigate climate change, but

to balance these concerns with the more holistic concerns and goals of sustainable

development. MYCREST is founded on the principle that a model standard must

address building performance beyond those captured by the current rating systems

or other evaluation guides. Therefore, it has the capacity to measure, monitor and

quantify while at the same time being useable, practical and adoptable in order to

be an effective within the construction industry.

The main principle of MYCREST is that economic growth should be spurred in ways

that minimise environmental impacts of the built environment. By creating efficient


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energy and transport systems and implementing best practices in building design,

construction and maintenance, everyone will share the benefits of increased

prosperity in a clean and safe environment.

The current unparalleled carbon emission increase, when combined with business-

as- usual practices can potentially lock the nation into a vicious cycle that brings

towards a level of unsustainability. The world, in general and Malaysia, in particular,

must take stock and make significant changes to its policies, practices, and

standards if this cycle is to be broken. Without emissions reduction and conservation

policies, Malaysia is unlikely to meet its emission reduction targets.

To fight the global phenomenon that is climate change, two major agreements

have been adopted by the international community, the United Nations Framework

on Climate Change, adopted in 1992 in Rio, and more recently, the Kyoto Protocol,

adopted in 1997. In contrast to the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol sets quantified and

binding commitments for limiting or reducing GHG emissions of anthropogenic origin

for countries that are developed or in the transition process towards a market

economy, for the 2008 - 2012 commitment period. These countries are also referred

to as Annex I parties. The developing countries do not have any legally binding

targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The countries without any targets are also referred

to as non-Annex I parties. Malaysia is a non-Annex I parties.

The Prime Minster of Malaysia Dato Seri Najib Razak had delivered Malaysia’s stand

to reduce its carbon dioxide emission to 40 per cent by the year 2020 compared to

2005 levels subject to assistance from developed countries during the United

Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15) in 2009 at Copenhagen. United

Nations data shows Malaysia's carbon emissions in 2006 stood at 187 million tonnes or

7.2 tonnes from each Malaysian.

The building sector has been highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC) as the sector with the largest mitigation potential. It is estimated that

both new and existing buildings sectors have the potential to reduce energy

consumption and carbon emission to a significant level utilising current technologies,

equipment’s, management systems and solutions. Electricity remains the main

source of energy consumed by Malaysian buildings. Its growth and trends of

consumption is higher in the building sector than other sectors. Electricity is also the

single largest GHG emission source in Malaysia, representing about 43 percent of

total emissions annually, from 2000 to 2010; total energy demand of the commercial

and residential sector grew by approximately 80 percent to 52 % respectively.

Without any action, the building’s sector energy use is forecast to grow by 60-90%

between 2005 to 2050.

Without investing into more energy efficient buildings, construction practices and

low carbon impact technologies and practices in new and existing buildings and

developments, there will inevitably be a carbon ‘lock-in’ effect. Hence the building

sector represents one of the most critical sectors with a significant potential to

http://www.unfccc.int/

http://www.unfccc.int/


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mitigate carbon emission and implement strategies to achieve the carbon

reduction goals.


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INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS MYCREST?

MYCREST, or the Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool,

is aims to quantify, hence reduce, built environment’s impact in terms of reduced

carbon emissions and environmental impact , while taking into account a more

holistic life-cycle view of the built environment. It also aims to integrate socio-

economic considerations relating to the built environment and urban development.

AIMS OF MYCREST

1. To integrate carbon assessment criteria and reduction strategies into the

matrix of sustainability resulting in a combined sustainable assessment rating

system for the built environment;

2. To provide a quantifiable carbon assesment within a holistic sustainable

rating system by integrating and extending the present criteria into life cycle–

linked performances and parameters;

3. To extend the present green building assessment into life-cycle impacts and

its quantification.

4. To combine both carbon emission and sustainable performance factors into

a combined criterion linked to the design, construction, commissioning and

operations of buildings.

5. To be in line with the aims of LCCF by KETTHA.

OBJECTIVE OF MYCREST

1. To quantify the environmental impacts of the built environment in both

carbon reduction and sustainable impact terms.

2. To ensure the best environmental practice according to global and local

standards and targets.

3. To maintain and improve a database of impacts and best practice case

studies to reduce carbon emissions in design and life-cycle impacts.

4. To raise awareness of the life-cycle impacts of the built environment and its

components.

5. To balance robustness with ‘durability’ and practicality and ease of use.

6. To produce a tool flexible enough to be used by all stake holders, consultants

and contractors and for all building types and scenarios .

7. To balance long and short term targets.

8. To balance environmental and ‘human’ socio–economic issues.


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KEY DEFINITIONS

As a working definition list in MYCREST, there are selected definitions which are

outlined as follows:

1) Certification Phase

This refers to the three certification awards which have their own scorecards

based on the three main phases of project going for MYCREST certification;

2) Criteria

This refer to the ‘category’ or ‘group’ of points and based on which total

points can be calculated and totalled

3) Sub-criteria

This refer to term a ‘point’ or credit. One point or subcriteria can have several

strategies to achieve the point

4) Scorecard

This refer to the list of maximum points or sub-criteria in MYCREST (S, CR and CI

sub-criteria), which an applicant can choose from for any project.

*This definition list will be finalised, added to and amended from time to time.


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MYCREST PRINCIPLES AS THE BASIS OF MYCREST CRITERIA

There are 9 CRITERIA (or more commonly known as CATEGORY) in MYCREST are as

follows:

1. PRE DESIGN (PD)

2. INFRASTRUCTURE AND SEQUESTRATION (IS)

3. ENERGY PEFROMANCE IMPACTS (EP)

4. OCCUPANT & HEALTH (OH)

5. LOWERING the EMBODIED CARBON (EC)

6. WATER EFFICIENCY FACTORS (WE)

7. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY (SC)

8. DEMOLITION & DISPOSAL FACTORS (DP)

9. SUSTAINABLE AND CARBON INITIATIVES (IN)

These 9 categories are synthesised from a process of merging scoring and

assessment parameters from the original pH JKR categories, GreenPASS, lessons

learnt from international rating tools and the Life Cycle Concept of MYCREST. The

actual terminology in these 9 criteria has been refined to reflect the lifecycle

emphasis in MYCREST.

It is important to highlight MYCREST principles as presented in MYCREST Progress

Report 1 and on the life-cycle concept of MYCREST as in Progress Report 2.

As stated earlier, the aim of MYCREST is towards an integration of carbon-based and

sustainable rating system, which highlights the importance of various stages in a

building life-cycle to determine the eventual sustainable, and the eventual carbon

impact of an MYCREST-certified building.

The following highlights the targets of MYCREST, as per outlined in Progress Report 1

below:

1) The target of MYCREST is to ensure that the building operates as a low-carbon

building and is not merely designed as one.

2) Carbon assessment method and metrics are fully integrated into the

sustainable framework of MYCREST scorecard (which is based on categories

of PHJKR).

3) Carbon reduction targets and strategies are given priority and emphasis in

MYCREST.

4) The need to close the loop and reward by objective measurements of real-

world building performance.

5) A shift towards a performance –based evaluation.

6) A shift towards lifecycle performance and impacts – rather than current

performance.

7) A shift towards life cycle implementation –rather than design only.


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8) To align with LCCF from KETTHA, and to achieve both a tool for carbon

reduction as well as sustainable development.

The definition of carbon footprint and carbon impact of buildings, products and

services differ from organisation to organisation. Hence, based on a broad study of

definitions, the aim is towards a more holistic assessment of the carbon impact of

buildings. Hence, MYCREST draws from its assessment methods from definitions

promoted by Carbon Trust, PAS 2050 standards, Building Research Establishment UK

and as far as possible, lessons learnt from international green buildings standards

such as LEED and BREEAM.

This shift in emphasis runs through the MYCREST assessment system, its weightage

and criteria which reflects a different emphasis to the conventional design,

construction and operation process and to some extent, a different emphasis to the

typical green building rating systems found. These can be summarised as follows:

TRADITIONAL DESIGN APPROACH INTEGRATED MYCREST APPROACH

Involvement of the project members is

limited to their trade and specialization

Project members are included right from start of

the project to draw inputs that will help to shape

the design and planning process.

Project gets more intensive as it progresses.

Less time is spent at the early stages.

Project starts off intensively with pre-design

requirements and time spent on meetings,

charrettes and discussions.

Decisions are made typically by a few

stakeholders such as owners, architects and

contractors

Decisions are made by team.

Brainstorming sessions, research and iterative

discussion are held among as many stakeholders

as possible before decisions are made.

A linear process is adopted

The whole system and life cycle thinking

approach is adopted

The focus is to reduce up-front capital costs

The project team aims towards reducing long

term operation & maintenance costs

Systems are considered in isolation and often

result in over-designing / over-sizing

Total building performance is used to assess how

each system affects one another to deliver the

optimum design and performance must be

verified by monitoring

Project members undertake limited

responsibilities

All team share equal responsibilities and work

together to solve problems

The linear process ends when construction of

the project is completed

This approach emphasizes on the long term

performance of the building and users

satisfaction through commissioning, post

occupancy evaluation surveys and energy

audits.

Reference:

1. “Building Planning and Massing” 2010, the Centre for Sustainable Buildings and Construction,

Building and Construction Authority.


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CARBON FOOTPRINT OR TOTAL CARBON ASSESSMENT

As MYCREST integrates both sustainable and carbon reduction criteria, the aim is

to give a holistic view of an assessment of buildings based on sustainable targets

and carbon impact estimated assessment of new and existing buildings such

that teams or owners can address carbon reductions.

In MYCREST, the carbon footprint for buildings includes embodied carbon and

operational carbon. The embodied carbon of a building is from the CO2

produced during the manufacturing of materials, their transportations and

assemblies on site, their maintenances and replacements, their disassembles and

decompositions. Operational carbon is carbon emissions due to operations of a

building.

Hence in MYCREST, the sub-criteria related to Cr integrate the measures of a

typical carbon footprint assessment of a building, which include the following:

Material development and preparation;

Operational carbon

Construction process (including transport);

Disposal or on-going occupational emissions from tenant occupiers; and

Refurbishment and redevelopment.

With the calculations of embodied carbon coupled with current operational

carbon measures, including offsets by renewable and sequestration measures,

MYCREST aims to give the best possible assessment to provide a holistic view of

the impact of a design or refurbishment proposal.


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Figure1: The outcome of MYCREST

assessment and rating summarising

the total scorecard of sustainable

indicators according to lifecycle

and the carbon impact assessment

of various criteria


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NEW CRITERIA

DEFINITION

As a working definition, ‘Criteria’ is a term in MYCREST which means ‘Category’.

LIFECYCLE CONCEPT AND CRITERIA

Based on the integration of “lifecycle’ concept into the structure of MYCREST, three

(3) new

CRITERIA have been added to the STRUCTURE OF THE MASTER SCORECARD OF

MYCREST. These are:

Pre-Design

Social and Cultural Dimensions

Demolition and Disposal

These criteria are then implemented according to three certification phases:

DESIGN,

CONSTRUCTION AND

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE.

Depending on which phase, the criteria is adjusted for different requirements and

relevance according to that phase.

Figure 2: The breakdown of each certification phase into the criteria of points

De

sig

n S

tag

e

1. Pre Design

2. Infrastructure and Sequestration

3. Energy Performance Impacts

4. Occupant & Health

5. Embodied Carbon

6. Water Efficiency

7. Social & Cultural Sustainability

8. Sustainable &Carbon Initiatives

Co

nst

ruc

tio

n S

tag

e




4. Embodied Carbon

5. Water Efficiency

6. Social & Cultural Sustainability

7. Demolition &Disposal Factors

8. Sustainable & Carbon Initiatives

Op

era

tio

ns

an

d

Ma

inte

na

nc

e S

tag

e




4. Embodied Carbon

5. Water Efficiency

6. Waste Management & Reduction

7. Sustainable Facility Management

8. Sustainable &Carbon Initiatives


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ELECTIVE POINTS

As a working definition, elective points consist of healthcare points. Healthcare

points are introduced to allow MYCREST certification of health-care institutions that

provide patient treatments by specialized staff and equipment, namely hospitals.

These points are available only for New Construction buildings pursuing certification

at the Design Stage.

Healthcare points are found in the following sections of MYCREST:

Ele

ctive

Po

ints

i.e

. H

ea

lth

ca

re P

oin

ts

(NC

- D

esi

gn

Sta

ge

)

1. Infrastructure & Sequestration


3. Embodied Carbon


19 ICSAS © 2014 Reference Guide version 3.0

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ESSENCE OF MERGING

Figure 3. The merging process between carbon indicators and sustainable criteria and the weightage given to Carbon factors



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The merging process between the GREENPASS performance- based assessment system,

and the pH JKR green building rating system was undertaken with the following

principles:

a. GREENPASS is a performance-based rating system based on the fundamental

target of carbon reduction. PH JKR on the other hand, is both a point-based and

performance- based rating system focusing on green buildings.

b. GREENPASS is targeted to reduce carbon emission with the ultimate goal of

carbon neutral buildings while pH JKR is an integrated sustainable building rating

system.

c. To ensure that a certification method is achieved, which can ensure both green

building targets and low carbon footprints.

d. To ensure minimal duplication of criteria and targets.

e. To balance between environmental (carbon-related targets and reductions)

and human socio-economic targets.

MYCREST aims to integrate carbon accounting factors in the built environment which

can be summarised in the following figure:

Three features in MYCREST include;

a. Carbon Emission

b. Integration of Carbon Offset and Sequestration Factors

c. Integration of Carbon Calculators



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a. CARBON EMISSON ASSESSMENT

i. Operational Carbon

Of primary importance is the carbon connected to operational energy.

Typically, the burning of fossil fuels connected with operating buildings is

responsible for approximately 70 to 80% of the CO2 footprint of the

building. The 2030 Challenge aims to reduce this CO2 levels to zero by the

year 2030.

ii. Embodied Energy

Building materials contain carbon associated with the embodied energy

of building materials. Embodied energy is the energy required to extract,

manufacture and supply material to the point of use (i.e. the energy to

construct the building). It is extremely complicated to calculate as the

issues surrounding manufacturing vary from one place to another.

Materials themselves are able to make differing contributions to the

overall energy-efficiency of a building, particularly where impact/energy

reduction is the primary goal of designing for carbon neutrality. This is most

clear when comparing materials either on their ability to retain heat (act

as thermal mass) or on their ability to resist heat flow (act as insulation).

The increased embodied energy of a material (such as concrete) may be

warranted due to its ability to store heat (free passive solar heat!).

iii. Activities and Transportation Factors

Carbon is created by people and their activities, including during

transportations to and from work, or during business travels and other

organizational activities. This relates to the Scope 3 Indirect Emissions

(organizational activities) in standard Carbon Footprint calculation

methodology. The travel distance to the building factors very much

affected to this aspect of carbon, as well as the means of transportation.

iv. Site Factors and Management

Site disturbance during construction releases carbon into the atmosphere.

The more the site can be left alone (and the construction/excavation

impacts minimized), the less CO2 is released.



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b. INTEGRATION OF CARBON OFFSET AND SEQUESTRATION FACTORS

Treatment and preservation of site, eventual landscape treatment, choice of

planting and materials can begin to sequester carbon for the life of a project.

The MYCREST thus, emphasises and integrates the importance of such

‘sequestration’ greenery strategies in carbon offsetting through its site

management category that not only aims to achieve long-term benefits of site

planning and design (including reduced long term heat island impact of

development), but also creates a long-term carbon dioxide sink.

Such sequestration strategies can be represented by a concentrated group of

plants or any other primary producer that essentially binds carbon dioxide into

biomass. Examples are those within forests and plantations, which are not

carbon negative as sinks are not permanent. A carbon dioxide sink of this type

moves carbon, in a form of carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere or

hydrosphere to the biosphere. Carbon dioxide sinks the stored carbon dioxide in

the Earth's crust by injecting it into the subsurface, or in the form of insoluble

carbonate salts (mineral sequestration). They are considered carbon negative

because they are removing carbon from the atmosphere and sequestering it

indefinitely, presumably for a considerable duration (thousands to millions of

years).

c. INTEGRATION OF CARBON CALCULATORS

Carbon Calculators are integrated into the MYCREST Scorecard as an indication

of the carbon-based rating tools. Three labels have been introduced to identify

which points contribute to carbon emission /reduction and sustainable impacts.

Carbon calculators will then be developed based on those labels.

The labels are categorised as follows:

i. Carbon Reduction (CR)

ii. Carbon Impact (CI)

iii. Sustainable (S)



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MYCREST BUILDING LIFE CYCLE

Figure 4. A typical Life Cycle of a Building which highlight aspects taken into account

the breakdown of the criteria in MYCREST



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Figure 5. A Building Lifecycle: The life Cycle Process from Inception to End of Life which is then reflected into MYCREST criteria and

sub criteria



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Building Lifecycle and Carbon Calculators (1)

INFRASTRUCTURE & SEQUESTRATION

INVENTORY

INFRASTRUCTURE & SEQUESTRATION

CALCULATOR

WATER EFFICIENCY CALCULATOR

ENERGY PERFORMANCE CALCULATOR

WASTE MANAGEMENT CALCULATOR

EMBODIED CARBON CALCULATOR



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Figure 6: A Building Lifecycle, Criteria in MYCREST and Integration of Carbon Calculators

for quantification and assessment (2)

PRE-DESIGN DESIGN STAGE

•IS Req1 Site Inventory Analysis

on Greenery

•ISINV01 •IS2 Carbon

Accounting on Site (For

Greenfield or Graded Land)

•ISCAL01 •IS6 Urban Heat Island Mitigation

•ISCAL02 •EP9 Building

Energy Efficiency Performance

•EPCAL01 •EC2 Sustainably Sourced Materials

& Products

•ECCAL01 •EC6 Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -

Sturctural Elements

•ECCAL02 •WE Req1

Reduced Potable Water - 20% Reduction

•WE1 Water Conservation

Strategies

•WECAL01

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

•IS9 Carbon Accounting on Site (For Greenfield or

Graded Land)

•ISCAL03

•IS12 Low Carbon Transport Factors -

Construction Machinery

•ISCAL04

•EP19 Building Energy Efficiency

Performance - Verification

•EPCAL02

•EC12 Construction Waste Management

•WMCAL01

•EC14 Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) -

Sturctural Elements

•ECCAL03

•EC15 Construction Transportation and

Local Materials

•ECCAL01

•WEReq2 Efficient Water Use During

Construction

•WE5 Water Conservation

Strategies

•WECAL02

OPERATIONS AND

MAINTENANCE

•IS14 Maintenance Management Plan-

External Building and Hardscape

•IS15 Maintenance Management Plan: Machineries for Roof

•IS16 Maintenance Management Plan:

Control & Landscape

Management

•ISCAL05 •IS17 Conserve

Natural Ecology of Landscape Element

•ISCAL06 •IS18 Stormwater Management Plan

•ISCAL07 •EP23 Improving

Energy Performance

•EPCAL03 •WE9 Assessing Water

Efficiency Performance

•WECAL03 •WM2 Solid Waste

Management - Ongoing

Consumables

•WMCAL01

DISPOSAL



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LIFE CYCLE CONCEPT

The overall concept of MYCREST is to take care of the overall building life-cycle, starting

from inception to demolition. However, our current task only includes the Design Stage

until the Operation and Maintenance Stage.

To encourage teams to perform in all life-cycle phases of a carbon-based and

sustainable construction project, the MYCREST now offers award for team’s

performance at different stages in a building life-cycle.

MYCREST will award teams with MYCREST “Design Award” and “Construction Award”

certificates as starting point. These certifications represent recognition of their efforts in

different life phase milestones of a construction project.

There are as follows:

DESIGN – team can be eligible to be awarded the Provisional MYCREST “Design

Carbon” Certification after the detailed drawings/tender stage.

AND VERIFICATION – team can be eligible to be awarded the MYCREST “Design

Carbon Certification” and “Construction Carbon Certification” during the 12 month

after building handover.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE – teams can be eligible to be awarded under

“Operation and Maintenance Certification”.

Each award will be a mark of recognition of the industry to the performance and

contribution of the team to sustainability and low carbon practices in the construction

industry. These certificates are the acknowledgement of the team’s performance. If the

team manages to complete full cycle of the certification i.e.; “Design Carbon

Certification”, “Construction Carbon Certification” and “Operation & Maintenance

Carbon Certification”, the team is eligible to be awarded with the MYCREST Special

Carbon Award.

The current changes of the MYCREST structure introduce and strengthen the rating

system life-cycle concepts and structures and hence, the impacts and implications. This

life-cycle concept becomes the basis of the scorecard organisation.

This life-cycle structure ensures that the MYCREST contains all core points that create an

impact at every major phase of a building life-cycle. Scores and sub-criteria related to

each life-cycle is either touched upon in the criteria itself or in the tool category. These

have an impact or a score in MYCREST, which will induce improvement and strategies

in each major phase of the life-cycle.



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Figure 7. The Breakdown of Carbon Emission during a Building’s life cycle

Percentage of

carbon

emissions

emitted by a

building



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Figure 8, A Building Life Cycle, and MYCREST emphasis on O&M practices



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MYCREST FRAMEWORK

Figure 9. The MYCREST (Originally termed as ‘ICSAS’) framework and building typologies and processes covered in the current version



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MYCREST FRAMEWORK: TWO MAJOR PATHWAYS

NEW CONSTRUCTION (NC) AND EXISTING BUILDINGS (EB)

All tools are now structured under two major pathways towards the certification in

MYCREST. The entire MYCREST rating system is now divided into “NEW CONSTRUCTION

(NC)” AND “EXISTING BUILDINGS (EB)” certification pathways.

a. NEW CONSTRUCTION (NC)

This is defined as all buildings that are “NEWLY CONSTRUCTED AND MAJOR

RENOVATIONS’. These include newly constructed or major renovations which

entail the additional of GFA from exiting GFA to be renovated. A major

renovation must involve elements of ACMV renovation, significant envelope

modifications and major interior design rehabilitations.

b. EXISTING BUILDINGS (EB)

The underlying philosophy behind this certification path is to allow existing

buildings that have been certified green and those who are not yet certified

green but which are able to undertake renovations to be able to be certified by

MYCREST.

There are two certification pathways of rating systems for EB (existing buildings)

i. For EB-GREEN FEATURES(Existing Buildings with Energy Efficiency features)

Buildings that have achieved any form of green certification or have been

designed to be ‘green-based’, which are already implementing energy

saving and water saving measures. The building can be considered as EE

building can be summarised as below:

Comply fully with MS1525 version 2007

AND

Demonstrate the building achieve 6% reduction from MyCREST

baseline.

OR

Comply with Zone 1A requirement and Appendix G ASHRAE 90.1 2007

OR

Comply with JKR EE need statement

OR

A Green certified building which has achieved final construction

certification and fully commissioned.



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ii. For EB – NON-GREEN FEATURES (Existing Buildings without Energy Efficiency

features)

Buildings that are not yet green, nor have yet to achieve the minimum EE

compliances and standards, which undergo renovation, retrofitting,

refurbishment or minor MVAC modification or additions without the

additional of existing GFA is considered as Non Energy Efficient Existing

Building.

In both bases, a MYCREST Carbon-based Assessment exercise must be

undertaken for all buildings to assess the current business-as – usual scenario

or level and to assess the ‘gap’ needed to achieve the minimum standards.



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The following summary and key points attempt to give an overview of the key features,

characteristics and highlights of the MYCREST system, including its scorecards and

calculators.

1. The structure of MYCREST is based on total MYCREST point’s accumulation and

weightage based on various criteria. These have gone through a broad and

in-depth study of the weightage given to various international green systems in

the world. These include LEED, CEPAS, HKBEAM, GRIHA, GBI and GREENMARK.

The scoring weightage reflects the average weightage from the combination of

these green building and sustainable rating systems.

2. As Malaysia is yet to have a carbon intensity database or carbon index of

buildings and master plan, the present MYCREST system converts points to

carbon emission values. However, key points such as energy and water are

based on the award of ‘percentage savings on emissions above a baseline

value’. These savings are converted to points and reconverted to carbon

emission value in the MYCREST total carbon summation page.

3. Many of the MYCREST features, ratings and emphasis are taken from a

combination of GreenPASS carbon assessment system developed by the CIDB

and pHJKR developed by the Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia.

4. The overall award essentially gives three certifications to different phases of the

project in recognition of the excellence of Design, Construction and O & M

teams in achieving their targets and performances.

Average weighted value is then given to various achievements of the different

stages in order to qualify for the MYCREST overall Carbon reduction award.

Project teams that do not undertake a minimum of 1 star of the O & M

certification cannot qualify for the MYCREST overall Carbon reduction award.

They can only achieve the MYCREST Design and Construction certificates for

different levels.

5. For each scorecard, teams must score at least 50 percent of the proposed

scorecard from the Cr points.

6. To this date, the Ci points are the points that contribute to carbon reduction

without a practical and standard method to calculate. With better research and

development, more and more Ci points will be converted to Cr points, with the

future revisions of MYCREST.

After implementing the scorecards, through a range of strategies and

technologies and with the minimum carbon- based points scoring, total data

MYCREST RATING SYSTEM: CHARACTERISTIC, FEATURES & HIGHLIGHT



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must be extracted from all carbon calculators and summated in an executive

summary. Basically in terms of summation and scorecards, MYCREST requires the

following to be submitted:

MYCREST CALCULATORS

The following are highlights and features of the MYCREST calculators:

1. The baselines are as described in the Appendices of the respective MYCREST

reference guides.

2. The baselines derived from methodologies and minimum standards derived from

various Malaysian and International Standards such as ASHRAE, IESNA and

MS1525 2007.

3. In order to encourage and promote industry conversion and investment to

energy efficiency technologies and practices for existing buildings, the baseline

level is the BAU level of energy use of the building during project registration. This

must be based on an energy audit undertaken within three months of the

proposed building registration for the MYCREST certification.

4. Energy and water carbon conversion factors derived from the latest factor

forwarded by KETTHA.

5. All templates must be used for the MYCREST submission.

6. This includes buildings that used dynamic simulation for energy efficiency savings

and points, the MYCREST template must be filled-in for submission in the final

phase.

MYCREST CARBON SUMMATION

1. The MYCREST carbon summation summary totals up and apportions the carbon

emission calculations and emissions of the different Cr sub criteria with the

MYCREST calculators.

2. It gives a breakdown to total operational and embodied carbon emission,

carbon offset and carbon sequestration.

3. The MYCREST summation page and template still SUMMATE AND DIFFERENTIATE

between operational and embodied carbon emission; project teams must

FOCUS on the REDUCTION Operational carbon in order to reduce carbon

emission.

Operational carbon is calculated based on its standard lifetime of a building for

50 years.

Calculations for Carbon sequestration and carbon offset are also based for 50

years.

Embodied carbon is only totalled for one year as it is based on one-time design

specifications of a proposed building.



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4. Data on the embodied data is still in infant stage in the Malaysian context.

Ideally, there must be a database of building and construction assemblies to

which the MYCREST can derive the embodied carbon of each construction

component and summate them in the MYCREST calculators.

5. Hence the MYCREST embodied carbon scoring system and calculators are

DESIGNED to encourage the data collection, practice and research into the

LCA, but this must be viewed as the first step and preliminary stage

6. Currently, there are LCA international databases such as SimaPro and Gabi,

which cannot be related directly to values within this context‒they, have yet to

give the absolute values related to the Malaysian scenario. Yet, they can give

an overview of the embodied carbon of each construction material or assembly

for decision making purposes. The baseline of the embodied carbon intensity is

based on (1) a conventional concrete building with steel roof, (2) conventional

windows and doors, and (3) glazing systems.

7. The MYCREST total carbon summation calculator aims to represent the carbon

profile of a building. This is where design emissions, embodied carbon from

manufacturing and construction activities, operational carbon emissions and

demolition impacts all contribute to the total carbon impact or the carbon

profile of an MYCREST building during its lifespan.

8. Each building will have a different generated carbon profile. These are useful

when striving for higher MYCREST and carbon emissions standards over the

design life of a building (taken as 50 years in MYCREST). The value of the

embodied carbon associated with construction materials within the context of

the total carbon profile of a building is typically about 15-20 percent of the

lifetime of a building. The bulk of carbon emission in a building always comes

from the operational criteria, sub criteria and phases.

It is hoped, over time, a database on carbon emission and its summation based on the

wide range of buildings available in Malaysia will be developed and level and this will

bring towards an enhancement where scoring and rating can be directly linked to

carbon indices.

MYCREST CARBON AWARD LABEL

The MYCREST final carbon reduction award is a carbon reduction label award for

buildings. For new building the final total points are based on a 20, 30 or 50 percent

weightage given to the three rating tools. My CREST awards a building principally

based on design, construction and O&M scorecard, each which are given separate

certification. My CREST ranges for 1 star to 5 stars rating for building. The following are

the total scoring points under each certification stage:

My CREST (Design) scorecard

-Air- Conditioned Building scorecard (135 points)

-Non- Air- Conditioned Building (138 points)

My CREST (Construction) scorecard



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-Air- Conditioned Building scorecard (126points)


My CREST (O&M) scorecard (Total 115 points)

A project can achieve two types of final certification and final score

i) My CREST Building Design and Construction certification

ii) My CREST Building Design and construction and O&M certification

The following percentage weightage must be implemented to the total rating to

achieve the certification

i) Design and Construction (80:20)

ii) Design and Construction and O&M (50:20:30)

My CREST carbon award is given only to My CREST projects which are certified based

on the completion the entire cycle of the Design, Construction and O&M scoring.

My CREST carbon award is intended to award buildings and projects that have proven

their operational performance.

Primarily, the My CREST O&M scorecard is developed based on criteria related to best

practicable practices during building operation towards reducing carbon emissions

and impact on the environment and enhancing building performance.

This scorecard can be applicable for both new building (who target for MyCREST

carbon award) and existing building.

The My CREST rating includes the operational criteria and practices AND design and

construction CRITERIA.

Hence an existing building can either certify by implementing EITHER the full design,

construction and O&M scoring OR O&M scoring only. However an existing building that

opted to certified using the O&M scoring and certification pathway can only attain the

My CREST carbon award, if it scores 3 stars above.

In this way, not only does the philosophy of the MYCREST initially outlined within its

concepts and foundations is achieved, but it gives a simple method of achieving a

total score and certification level based on the weightage of the three main

scorecards to assess the MYCREST new and existing buildings.

Essentially for a new building, the weightage is focused on achieving excellence in the

design phase and hence, its scorecard. For an existing building, the weightage is

focused on the O & M phase and hence, its scorecard.



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THE MYCREST SUMMATION: OPERATIONAL VS EMBODIED CARBON EMISSIONS

Currently there is no index or methodologies which can combine both operational and

embodied carbon in a single carbon index. Hence throughout its rating system,

MYCREST emphasis in on the OPERATIONAL CARBON PERFORMANCE. However it

cannot ignore the carbon impacts of harvesting, manufacturing of materials and the

carbon used during constructing buildings.

Hence in terms of building embodied carbon, MYCREST and is associated calculators

aim to take into account not only the cradle-to- gate, gate –to gate, gate to cradle

impacts of construction but also factors such as transportation carbon emission, site in-

use carbon and construction within the site. The factors that represent the basis of

selected scores and calculators to represents embodied carbon in buildings can be

illustrated through Figure 14 below.

In MYCREST, the embodied carbon summation consists of carbon locked into the

manufacturing of materials i.e. Represent the intensity or volume of carbon required to

produce a material, together with carbon emission as a result of the transportation of

materials into the building site and within the construction site itself throughout the

construction period.

MYCREST acknowledges that there are limitations to current databases that can be

linked to the Malaysian scenario. Hence in scores and criteria related to embodied

carbon, part of the aims is to build the database and not to present the absolute and

complete picture of the embodied carbon, Project that go beyond this, can apply for

exemplary performance and additional points. Due to limitations in database,

MYCREST touches on all phases within the ‘cradle to cradle’ lifecycle phase of the

building. However the data that need to be provided by project teams are basic

compared with similar ratings throughout the worlds. The basic emphasis is the ‘cradle

to gate’ emissions in MYCREST. These emissions typically depend on the materials used

in the building structure and construction specifications particularly on major

components such as walls and roofs as these present the greatest embodied carbon

impact.

Projects that aim for lower levels of MYCREST are encouraged to focus on criteria and

strategies that lower their operational carbon. Only projects aiming for higher levels of

MYCREST should target the embodied carbon sub-criteria and points. A five star

MYCREST building that is approaching a zero emission building is assessed and defined

more in operational terms, but not in embodied terms.



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Figure 10. The factors taken into account into the calculation and summation of Embodied

Carbon in the Building in MYCREST

From Figure 10 above, each of the CO2 emission sources linked to embodied carbon

definition are taken into account in MYCREST calculators. In essence, embodied

carbon in MYCREST refer to all sources of carbon emission which are ‘locked’ into the

construction and which remain a constant value from the time of the start of building

occupancy and operations. Once the building is handed over and occupied,

MYCREST operational carbon emission calculation takes over. Each source of carbon

emission during the construction phase is then linked to the generic term used in many

LCA tools and systems found today such as ‘cradle to cradle’ or cradle to gate’.

Sources such as electricity and water used by the site during the construction period

are additional factors- differentiating MYCREST embodied carbon definition to the LCA

–based standard product assessments. In MYCREST, as project teams need not give the

entire embodied carbon assessment of the building, but a minimum number of

elements which must be submitted, MYCREST does not require a summation of every

element within a building.

EAG Consulting Sdn.Bhd. ( Malaysia )

Environmental .Analytical .GreenCopyright 2013. All rights reserved

BUILDING EMBODIED CARBON

Mine FactoryConstruction

SiteOperation Waste

CollectionFactory

New product

Landfill

•Extraction raw materials from

mine

•Manufacturingof recycled

materials into new product

•Manufacturing of raw materials

•Transportingfrom site to

Waste Collection

“Cradle to Gate”

“Cradle to Site”

“Cradle to Cradle”

“Cradle to Grave” Waste directed to landfill

Waste recycled from site

•Transporting from site to landfill

CO

2Em

issi

on

du

rin

g p

has

e o

f p

roje

ct

•Transporting to factory

•Transportingfrom factory to

construction site

•Construction site installation process including:

- Emission from Machineries.-Emission from electricity .

-Emission from Water

•Transportingfrom Waste Collection to

factory

•Replacement of old

materials



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Basically, embodied carbon emission related to Cradle to Factory gate is closely

influenced by the type of material selected. As a rule, more naturally- produced

materials tend to have low-embodied carbon while highly-manufactured or synthetic

materials have high-embodied carbon. The embodied impact of component was a

function of both scale and material specified. Not all materials are represented and a

research is still being undertaken to achieve a better representation of the embodied

carbon of materials.

In MYCREST, the general procedure used to calculate the unit embodied carbon

(kgCO2/m2) closely resembles the BREEAM; they generally must follow through the

following process:

1. Identify significant components in a building as per outlined in the calculator.

2. The manufacturers’ data on carbon emission factors is derived from the

GreenPASS database, which is based on the ICE.

3. Each element is measured based on Bill of Quantities and drawings information.

4. Dense figures are applied to each element to gain mass data (kg), when

required.

5. Divide the total embodied carbon by gross floor area of each building to

achieve the unit embodied carbon (kgCO2/m2).

MYCREST STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

The various MYCREST- related standards and guidelines are outlined in the MYCREST

reference guide. Some of them will be improved from time to time. At the point of an

MYCREST project registration, the current version of the standard or guideline required

by the MYCREST criteria applies.

MYCREST NON AIR-CONDITIONED RATING SYSTEM

For building and projects that qualify to use this rating system, all energy performance

points can now use the Non-AC criteria and hence, scores. There is no need for

simulation. This relatively easier path is based upon the fact that non-AC category

buildings are essentially the low carbon ones.

MYCREST AND NATURAL VENTILATION

Natural ventilation strategies in both AC and NON-AC buildings are rewarded in

MYCREST. In the AC building however, only a maximum of two points can be gained

through the NV strategies. The conditions whereby an NV strategy within a space can

be accepted in MYCREST as an EE strategy is outlined in the MYCREST reference guide.



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These relate to sub criteria which must complied according to the requirements

outlined in the non-AC scorecard for each type of strategy.

Hence the inclusion and acceptance of natural ventilation as an EE strategy is

subjected to these requirements and also to be subject to the review of the assessment

committee. The aim is to ensure that the NV strategies are valid without sacrificing

comfort.



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SUMMATION STRUCTURE OF MYCREST CARBON AWARD LABEL

Within the MYCREST scorecard system is a framework of carbon impact calculations

within a building. This is because an estimation of the building footprint and reductions

(if possible) below a baseline are required at the end of the MYCREST process and

scoring method. Although the current acceptable standard in the international circle is

mainly to account for operational carbon, MYCREST intends to give an overall

assessment, as well as presents a more holistic life-cycle based on the overview of

carbon–based impact of an MYCREST certified building.

To achieve this, all MYCREST calculators will be linked to a central summation calculator,

which not only could summate the points per criteria and link this with the level for

MYCREST certification for a building, but also estimate the lifecycle carbon impact of

the building.

MYCREST carbon assessment is based on principles derived from the following methods:

1. The Clean Metrics method

2. The Carbon Trust method



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MYCREST Scorecard Summary and Carbon Calculation



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THE CLEAN METRICS METHOD

The Clean Metrics method presents an integrated carbon footprint solution for building

construction and operation. The aim here is to use their standards-based life-cycle

inventory database and our life-cycle assessment software tools to provide reliable and

high-quality life-cycle carbon footprint assessments for the construction and operation

of buildings and other infrastructures.

The carbon footprint of a building or infrastructure is the total amount of carbon dioxide

(CO2) and other greenhouse gases emitted over the life-cycle of that building. They are

expressed as kilograms of CO2 equivalents. This includes all greenhouse gases

generated in the manufacturing of the raw materials, construction of a building,

transportation of materials to the construction site, operation of the building, periodic

refurbishment and replacement of materials, and end-of-life disposal of the building

materials. The life-cycle carbon footprint of a building or an infrastructure system is a

crucial performance metric that should be monitored and optimized.

THE CARBON TRUST METHOD

The aspect of Carbon Trust Method that is relevant to the MYCREST framework of

assessment is related to its “Product Carbon footprint’, which is based on PAS 2050.

Although PAS 2050 is more applicable to a wide range of goods and services, it guides

on the principles of assessing emissions. Essentially based on the Carbon Trust principles

of measuring emissions from all stages of the product life-cycle, a product carbon

footprint is a measure of GHG emissions at each stage of the product’s life, including:

Extraction and production of raw materials

Transportation of raw materials

Production (or service provision)

Distribution

Product use

Disposal/recycling



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Carbon Trust then outlines the basis of how the PAS 2050 sets out five basic steps to

determine a product carbon footprint. In the case of MYCREST, the product represents

the building:

a. Building a Process Map

In MYCREST, the carbon footprint process map is its range of scorecards that list all

the materials, processes and activities that contribute to each stage of the building

lifecycle.

b. Check Boundaries and Determine Priorities

The central principle of MYCREST is the boundaries determined by the Cr, Ci and S

points. The priorities in MYCREST are the Cr and Ci points; project teams must at least

score 50 percent of the scorecard in terms of Cr points. The boundaries of Cr

assessment are represented in the following diagram:

Figure11: Total Carbon Impact of a Building



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Essentially the boundary of carbon assessment takes into account the following:

1. Carbon emission factors:

a. Embodied carbon (cradle to gate) - including energy emitted during the

process and transportation energy of materials to a building site.

Embodied carbon is defined as the total carbon emitted during the

making process of a material from the extraction of raw materials through

the final manufacturing of the product including the transportation.

b. Operational carbon – carbon emission release during the lifetime of

building operation. These include:

Operating Energy

Water Usage

Transportation

Waste Management

2. Carbon offset factors

a. Carbon energy offset - reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide made in

order to balance or to offset an emission made elsewhere by installing

renewable energy.

b. Carbon sequestration - a reduction of carbon emission by being naturally

sequestered in plants, soils, and in ocean life.

c. Avoided carbon emissions as a result of the reuse or the salvaging of

disposed materials.

3. MYCREST Life-cycle Carbon

a. With the value of carbon emission and carbon offset, the building carbon

impact can be attained by the principal below:

Embodied Carbon +

Transport of Materials +

Operational Carbon

Carbon offset +

Carbon Sequestration +

Avoided Carbon Emission

(Building/Materials

Reused)

TOTAL ICSAS IMPACT

OF CARBON EMISSION



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1. What is MyCREST?

My CREST stands for The Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental

Sustainability Tool. It was developed and based on an integrated philosophy of

combining carbon summation and sustainable scorecard for buildings principles

and criteria contained and enhanced from various green rating systems and

carbon assessment standards and which combine key indicators and criteria

present in, and enhanced from, the phJKR green assessment system (by

Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia) and the Greenpass assessment system of CIDB

(Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia).

My CREST is aimed at integrating sustainability impact indicators with carbon

indicators in building.

2. What is the current rating system in My CREST?

Currently My CREST is focused on buildings design, construction and operation

and offers the following rating system.

i. My CREST New Construction

ii. My CREST Existing Building

iii. My CREST New Construction for Non- Air Conditioned Buildings

iv. My CREST New Construction (Healthcare)

3. How does My CREST award its rating?

My CREST awards principally based on design, construction and O&M scorecard,

each which are given separate certification. My CREST ranges for 1 star to 5 stars

rating for building.

My CREST (Design) scorecard

-Air- Conditioned Building scorecard (135 points)


My CREST (Construction) scorecard

-Air- Conditioned Building scorecard (126points)


My CREST (O&M) scorecard (Total 115 points)

A project achieves two types of final certification and final score

i. My CREST Building Design and Construction certification

ii. My CREST Building Design and construction and O&M certification

The following percentage weightage must be implemented to the total rating to

achieve the certification

MYCREST FACT SHEET – SUMMARY OF KEY CHARACTERISTICS



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i. Design and Construction (80:20)

ii. Design and Construction and O&M (50:20:30)

4. What is the My CREST carbon award?

My CREST carbon award is given only to My CREST project which complete the

entire cycle of the Design, Construction and O&M scoring. My CREST carbon

award is intended to award building that has proven their operational

performance.

5. What is My CREST O&M rating?

My CREST O&M scorecard is developed based on criteria related to best

practicable practices during building operation towards reducing carbon

emissions and impact on the environment and enhancing building performance.

This scorecard can be applicable for both new building (who target for MyCREST

carbon award) and existing building.

The My CREST rating includes the operational criteria and practices AND design

and construction CRITERIA.

Those targeting higher star rating for O&M must STILL look to implement design

and construction points through sub- criteria contained in the O&M scorecard.

Amongst others, these are:

i. Stormwater Management

ii. Landscape & greenery

iii. Urban Heat Island

iv. Renewable Energy

v. Low VOC materials

vi. Passive and active design features

Design and construction can also be parked under Innovation Points.

6. Can an existing building get My CREST certification?

Yes, it can either by implementing either the full design, construction and O&M

scoring OR O&M scoring only.

7. Can an existing building that opting for O&M scoring only, attain the My CREST

carbon award?

Yes, if it scores 3 stars above.



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8. How does My CREST award energy performance points in My CREST O&M

scoring?

These are two ways:

i. If the building is considered energy efficient, scoring is based on achieved

or implemented of savings from the baseline which is defined as current

energy reading at the start of performance period

OR

ii. If the building is considered non- efficient- building

(All existing building that do not comply with MS1525 or ASHRAE 90.1 2007),

the BAU reading is taken as the baseline

9. What is an energy efficient building in MyCREST O&M?

In My CREST, Energy Efficient Building are defined as follows they are either /

building that

i. Comply fully with MS1525 version 2007 OR

ii. Comply with Zone 1A requirement and Appendix G ASHRAE 90.1 2007 OR

iii. Comply with JKR EE need statement OR

iv. A Green certified building which has achieved final construction

certification and fully commissioned.



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This reference guide is intended to be used by:

Government organisations

Private organisations

Architects

Engineers

Green Building Consultants

Developers

Contractors

Planner, Practitioners.

The Malaysian Carbon Reduction Sustainability Tool (MYCREST) reference guide has

been developed as a guideline for project teams who want to pursue the MYCREST

rating tool.

The entire MYCREST reference guide consists of the following publication:

MYCREST Introduction

MYCREST Design Stage Reference Guide

MYCREST Construction Reference Guide

MYCREST Operation & Maintenance Reference Guide

Appendices

The MYCREST reference guide was prepared to provide a measure to evaluate the

sustainability performance for buildings in Malaysia. It is expected that this MYCREST

rating tool (2013 edition) will be developed continuously together with the sustainable

database available for Malaysia.

The MYCREST Reference Guide is intended to guide and help project team to

understand the fundamental aims and requirements of each credit as well as the

impacts of its implementation in the local environment. It includes the approach and

strategy methods relevant to the idea of bringing every sustainable/green element as

much into a design. Each sub criteria represents a standardized format for quick

understanding according to their related core criteria. These criteria are well-organized

and may differ from other categories of the MYCREST reference guide, which depends

on different types of building usage/projects.

WHO SHOULD USE THIS GUIDELINE

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDELINE



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The section of each sub criteria is described below:

Core criteria

Sub criteria name

Carbon based identification

Approach and strategy

Aims and requirements

Reference No.

Sub criteria points

Credits in sub

criteria

Submittals

Standards and references



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Core Criteria

Main scope of environmental categories

Sub Criteria Name

Main sub criteria resides under the core criteria categories

Carbon Based Identification

Each element in the score card has been designed to be a carbon-based

rating. Hence, each project is required to attain a minimum of 50% of carbon-

based points (Cr) in each category within the scorecard, except for the IAQ.

This portioning qualifies the MYCREST as a carbon-based rating tool.

Carbon Reduction ‘Cr’ points are those that contribute to or are

represented by calculators, which aim to assist in quantifying the numeric

relationships between consumption patterns and carbon. They are useful

for carbon emission analysis.

Carbon Impact ‘Ci’ points are points which may impact on carbon

emissions but may not be calculated.

Sustainable ‘S’ points is a point that does not relate to carbon

emission/reduction but has impact on other sustainable issues.

Aims and Requirements

Identifies the main sustainability goal or benefit of each credit. The requirements

specify the criteria that satisfy the credit points available.

Standards and References

The required standards of submittal documentations used to measure

achievement of the credit aim; they also offer suggestions for further research

and provide examples or illustrations,detailed technical information,or other

information relevant to each credit.



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Approach and Strategy

Provide relevant specific methods or assemblies whenever they relate to the

credit compliance requirements.

Reference Number

Detailed identification numerical data for quick reference.

Sub Criteria Points

Maximum points offered in each sub criteria options.

Credits in Sub Criteria

A detailed descriptions of every sub criteria option. Some credits have more

than 2 cumulative points while others have several options which a project

team must choose.

Submittals

Provision of documentations upon submission.The report should come out as a

detailed summary of diagrams, descriptions of applied systems ,drawing

plans/schematic plans showing each system applied and description of

strategies employed in the project.



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CRITERIA IN SCORECARD

DESIGN:

CONSTRUCTION:

Abb. Criteria

PD Pre-Design

IS Infrastructure and Sequestration

EP Energy Performance Impacts

OH Occupant & Health

EC Lowering the Embodied Carbon

WE Water Efficiency Factors

SC Social and Cultural Sustainability

DP Demolition & Disposal Factors

IN Sustainable and Carbon Initiatives

Abb. Criteria






SC Social and Cultural Sustainability

DP Demolition & Disposal Factors




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OPERATION & MAINTENANCE STAGE:

Abb. Criteria






WM Waste Management and Reduction

FM Sustainable Facility Management




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RATING CLASSIFICATION

MYCREST rating is divided into five levels starting from one star to highest 5 star.

Table below show between score and MYCREST star rating.

Total scoring for every project applies under the MYCREST must meet some

scoring guide. To score one star for example, a range between 50%-59% of the

total score must be achieved from the total scored; 50% of the point must come

from the CR, and the rest is the choice between the CI and S points.

For special purpose building like hospital, we have developed an elective point

which is currently 6 points in total. For this special project, at least one point

minimum must come from this criterion.

The total score must be converted to percentage, by dividing with the

maximum points.

Example;

There are three types of certification awarded at each stage (Design,

Construction and Operation and Maintenance). Projects that pass all three

certifications can qualify to be awarded with the Carbon Award Certification

using the weightage as shown in the ‘MYCREST Road to a Carbon Award Label’.

If one of the three certifications is left out, the project should only get the

independent (Stage) certification. Only projects that pass all three certifications

can qualify for the Carbon Award.

MYCREST RATING Percentage SCORE (%)

80-100 70 – 79

60 – 69 50 – 59

40 - 49



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DESIGN AWARD

Below is the calculation for the final score in DESIGN stage:

Total score for Air Conditoned Building 136 points

Max Cr

Point

85 Max Ci

Point

37 Max S

Point

15 IN Point 7

OR

Total score for Non-Air Conditoned Building 134 points

Max Cr

Point

39 Max Ci

Point

56 Max S

Point

15 IN Point 7

Healthcare project must include;

PLUS (+)

Elective Building- Healthcare 6 points

CONSTRUCTION AWARD

Below is the calculation for the final score in CONSTRUCTION stage:

Total score for Air Conditoned Building 118 points

Max Cr

Point

82 Max Ci

Point

32 Max S

Point

13 IN Point 7

OR

Total score for Non-Air Conditoned Building 109points

Max Cr

Point

41 Max Ci

Point

44 Max S

Point

13 IN Point 7

OPERATION & MAINTENACE AWARD

Below is the calculation for the final score in OPERATION & MAINTENANCE stage:

Total score 130 points

Max Cr

Point

79 Max Ci

Point

19 Max S

Point

7 IN Point 7



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COLLECTION OF DATA

In an MYCREST building, the entire process of MYCREST design, construction and

submission is a Method to collect data on the Product – which is the Final building

construction.

The method to collect data is presented for each sub-criterion in the Submittal section

of each sub-criteria page in the MYCREST reference guides.

CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION

As per required by PAS 2050, each MYCREST calculator will calculate the activity data

(whether energy, water, materials or transport) by the emission factors to achieve the

total carbon footprint. This affects the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cases

directly or indirectly by the design, specification, construction and operations of the

specific building.

OUTCOME OF MYCREST

The carbon assessment of MYCREST will be communicated in the following manner:

1. MYCREST will produce an overall label of the building. As per PAS2030, labelling is

an important method of changing industry practices and rewarding efforts.

2. MYCREST will report the operational energy below the BASELINE as a mean to

verify lower energy costs of MYCREST buildings. Using less energy reduces the

product footprint and at the end, improves the bottom line of MYCREST buildings.

3. MYCREST will also report an overall Carbon footprint breakdown to represent the

buildings commitment to reducing climate change.

4. MYCREST will give a holistic lifecycle picture of both the operational and

embodied-carbon that can be used to optimize the design during the design

processes and identify inefficiencies.

THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF MYCREST CALCULATORS

It is important to note that at the early stage of MYCREST, it is not possible to account

for all the carbon emissions of a building.

The current MYCREST calculator is the first step to develop a carbon management

strategy for buildings; it will accurately measure the current level of carbon emissions.



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These measurements would also enable building designers and owners to maximize

energy efficiencies and returns by identifying energy inefficient areas.

Although the carbon footprint for MYCREST buildings includes embodied carbon and

operational carbon, it is not possible at this moment in time to account for all the

embodied carbon of a building−the CO2 produced during the manufacturing of

materials, their transportation and assembly on site, their maintenances and

replacements, and their disassembly and decomposition.

MYCREST in its current version has attempted to include a typical carbon footprint of a

building that includes the following:

material development and preparation

construction process (including transport)

disposal or on-going occupational emissions, and

Refurbishment and redevelopment.

The difficulty of calculating embodied carbon emissions is that many variables affect

the carbon intensity of products, including manufacture, transport, primary energy

sources and the extent of waste or recycling. However, as some processes and

products are more carbon-intensive than others – cement, aluminium and glass being

good examples – it is not necessary to calculate the absolute total carbon footprint of

a project, as many components will have a negligible impact and offer limited

opportunities for mitigation.

An approach that focuses on the most carbon-intense and extensively used

components can be adopted, applying the principles of significant item cost

estimating to the assessment of carbon, and adding an allowance for the remainder

As the data bank for embodied carbon performance improves, MYCREST will be able

to band buildings by their embodied carbon rating and clients will gain a greater

appreciation of their buildings and their project teams’ roles in addressing carbon

impact. The aim also contributes towards:

Engaging up the supply chain. The information gathered during the MYCREST

process will help contractors, sub-contractors; suppliers reduce their emissions

Engaging down the supply chain. Designers and owners and developers will

have an informed decision and have a brand that differentiates their buildings

and its processes. Consultants can have an award that reward their processes

and differentiate their services.



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MYCREST CERTIFICATION PATH

PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) AWARD/CERTIFICATION

DESIGN 95% 5 STAR

CONSTRUCTION 83% 5 STAR

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE 83% 5 STAR

AWARD/CERTIFICATION SCORES (%)

5 STAR 80-100

4 STAR 70-79

3 STAR 60-69

2 STAR 50-59

1 STAR 40-49

NEW CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) WEIGHTAGE (%) CARBONISED SCORES

DESIGN 95% 80% 76.00%

CONSTRUCTION 83% 20% 16.60%

MYCREST PRIMARY RATING CERTIFICATION

MYCREST FINAL CERTIFCATION

EXISTING BUILDING


OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 83 % 100% 83.00%

5 STAR = 92.6%

5 STAR = 83%

PROJECT PHASESCORES (%) AWARD/CERTIFICATION

DESIGN 95% 5 STAR

CONSTRUCTION 83% 5 STAR

NEW CONSTRUCTION


DESIGN 95% 50% 47.50%

CONSTRUCTION 83% 20% 16.60%

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 83 % 30% 24.90%

5 STAR = 89%



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The overall concept of the MYCREST is to take care of the overall building life cycle‒

from inception until demolition. However, these two stages will be included in a later

phase of the project. The current stages are the Design, Construction and Operations &

Maintenance (O&M) stage.

To encourage teams to perform in par with all life cycle phases of a carbon-based and

sustainable construction project, the MYCREST now offers awards for Team

Performance at different stages of the building lifecycle.

Currently, the MYCREST will now award teams with MYCREST “Design Award” and

“Construction Award” Certificates as a starting point. These certifications represent

recognition of their efforts in the different life phase milestones of a construction project.

These are as follows:

DESIGN

Teams are eligible to be awarded with the Provisional MYCREST “Design Certification”

after tender stage.

CONSTRUCTION AND VERIFICATION

Teams are eligible to be awarded with the MYCREST “Design Certification” and

“Construction Carbon Certification” during the 12 months after building handover.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Teams are eligible to be awarded with the “Operation and Maintenance Certification”.

Each award will be a mark of recognition of the industry for the performance and

contribution of the team to the sustainability and low carbon practices in construction

industry. These certificates are the acknowledgement of teams’ performance. If the

team manages to complete full cycle of the certification i.e; “Design Certification”,

“Construction Certification” and “Operation & Maintenance Certification”, the team

will be eligible to be awarded with the MYCREST Special Carbon Award.

MYCREST CARBON AWARD LABEL

The MYCREST CARBON AWARD LABEL will be awarded when the team completes a full

life cycle certification as stated previously; i.e.; for New Construction Building, the team

undergoes “Design Certification”, “Construction Certification” and “Operation &

Maintenance Certification”, the team will be eligible to be awarded with the MYCREST

CARBON AWARD.



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MYCREST carbon award is intended to award building that has proven their operational

performance. An existing building that opting for O&M scoring only, can attain the My

CREST carbon award label if it scores 3 star and above.



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MYCREST PROJECT BOUNDARY DETERMINATION

MYCREST PROJECT BOUNDARY

1. Only one Project boundary must selected and used throughout the Design and

Construction period and for submission of all sub criteria and calculators. This

boundary must be determined by the project team to become the basis of

MYCREST scoring and calculations and eventually submitted for MYCREST

certification. Please note that the following sub criteria have high relevance in

terms of boundary:

a. Points related to Site carbon sequestration

b. Points related Site landscape

c. Reduce urban heat island

d. Light pollution

e. Parking

f. Public transport

Typically, the project scope of work, construction boundary and site area is the

project boundary. The boundary must be reasonable and logical; it must also

include all strategies proposed for the project.

2. This project boundary must be submitted and outlined clearly on the project site

plan.

3. Only one project boundary based on the site plan can be the basis of

calculations for all MYCREST points, sub criteria calculators and assessments.

4. MYCREST does not accept one boundary for one sub criteria and another

boundary for another sub criteria. However there can be two boundaries, the

Project boundary and the Master plan boundary.

5. Each criteria must be linked to one of the two boundaries. The boundaries

CANNOT change and must remain the same from criteria to criteria

6. The MYCREST project boundary must be within a site owned by ONE owner.

7. The MYCREST project boundary must be a continuous line and a whole

(unbroken) parcel of land. Boundaries that are broken, not contiguous, divided

and not representing a continuous line are not accepted.

8. Project teams must exercise due care in the determination of boundaries; they

must submit with the first MYCREST design submission. Any implementation of

features and strategies outside the boundary is not calculated in the MYCREST

calculations and submissions.



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MYCREST PROJECT MASTERPLAN BOUNDARY

MYCREST acknowledges that there will be points that not within the project boundary

and within a large boundary. There are also projects which are located in master plans

and hence, which wish to individually submit for certification for each parcel or project

within the master plan.

In these cases, the project team can benefit from the green strategies already

implemented in the master plan. The project will then submit two boundaries i.e. the

project boundary and the master plan boundary. These refer to master plan projects

which include university complex, resorts and research centres.

MYCREST allows selected sub criteria to be implemented at master plan stage. Only the

following points that are scorecard in the master plan can be used in the project

scoring total and summation:

1. Storm water quantity and quality

2. Light Pollution

3. Low emission Parking

4. Urban Connectivity

5. Carbon sequestration – planting of new trees

6. Site selection

Other points such as public transportation, tree preservation, reduce urban heat island

and all other calculators cannot be used and hence, scored under master plan; they

must however, be scored under the project boundary itself and its associated factors

and parameters. The master plan boundary, subsequent costs and investment and

initiatives into any green master plan features must come from the same owner, or

developer.



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MYCREST ENERGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

MYCREST NEW CONSTRUCTION

MYCREST new construction building energy performance evaluation can be

summarized as below:

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

Actual: Z kWh per year

Awarded point under EP24:

Improve Energy

Performance based on

verification by the CxA

upon completion of the

building.

Actual energy data based

on the implementation of

energy management

practice during operation

Points given based on %

reduction of Y kWh - Z kWh.

DESIGN

Baseline: RkWh per year

Propose: XkWh per year

Awarded point

under EP11: Building

Energy Efficiency

Performance based

on energy simulation

(Static or Dynamic).

Baseline is

calculated during

this stage.

CONSTRUCTION

Verification:

Y kWh per year

Awarded point under EP20:

Building Energy Efficiency

Performance – Verification

based on verification by the

CxA upon completion of the

building.

Verification must be done

using IPMVP protocol Option

D and calibrated based on

actual occupancy

schedules and density.

Points given based on %

reduction of R kWh - Y kWh



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MYCREST EXISTING BUILDING

MYCREST existing building energy performance evaluation can be summarized as

below:

After an assessment based on an Energy Efficient (EE) checklist, the existing building

that comply with the EE checklist can opt for renovation for further improvement but

existing building without Energy Efficiency features must go for renovation or retrofitting.

EXISTING BUILDING OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

Actual: Z kWh per year

Awarded point

under EP24:

Improve Energy

Performance based

on verification by

the CxA upon

completion of the

building.

Actual energy data

based on the

implementation of

energy

management

practice during

operation

Points given based

on % reduction of K

kWh - Z kWh.

*RENOVATION DESIGN

Baseline: K kWh per year

Baseline is

derived from

energy audit

based on

‘Business As

Usual (BAU)’



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MYCREST AND BEI

The award of energy points in the MYCREST is not based on total energy consumption

which is not subject to a normalisation factor to achieve a targeted score. In MYCREST

a BEI is only an indicator to ascertain that the annual energy use predicted falls within

average BEI values known for various building types in Malaysia. The MYCREST energy

template and calculator attempts to give a total and apportioned energy

consumption of a proposed MYCREST building. This is in such that the verification

processes in the Commissioning and the O & M stages can be undertaken in a smooth

manner based on the predicted values in the Design stage.

MYCREST BEI - CARPARK AND OUTDOOR AREAS

MYCREST energy consumption does not include car park, patios and semi- outdoor

areas in its calculation. This is because these areas are not considered within the

definition of project GFA.

However, should project teams IMPLEMENT energy efficient strategies in these areas,

application to include can be made via Innovation scorecard and not through the

energy performance scorecard.

DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM

For projects with district cooling systems, the COP and efficiencies of the system must

be calculated to predict the building eventual energy performance. The DCS may not

be within the project boundary and it is not necessary for the DCS to be in the project

boundary. If the DCS utilises renewable energy and this serves the project, then this can

be calculated within the summation of the carbon offset, and contribute further to the

total scoring of the project.

However, the DCS must comply with all the prerequisites of the MYCREST rating system.

Typically, the district cooling system is within the master plan and this can contribute to

the project scoring and carbon emission calculation as per outlined above.

Typically the district cooling system is within the master plan and this can contribute to

the project scoring and carbon emission calculation as per outlined above.



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ACA Air conditioned area i.e. net-floor area which has air conditioning/ cooling spaces excluding toilet (for some buildings) and M&E rooms.

ACH The number of times per hour a volume of air, equivalent to the volume of space, enters that space.

AEMAS AEMAS is the world’s first regional certification system for energy managers and energy end-users. Funded by the European Union under the Switch-Asia Programme, it is currently being implemented by the ASEAN Centre for Energy in eight (8) ASEAN Member States, namely: Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam

AHU 1. Air-handling units (AHUs) are mechanical indirect heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning systems in which the air is treated or handled by equipment located outside the rooms served, usually at a central location, and conveyed to and from the rooms by a fan and a system of distributing ducts.

2. A type of heating and/or cooling distribution equipment that channels warm or cool air to different parts of a building. This process of channeling the conditioned air often involves drawing air over heating or cooling coils and forcing it from a central location through ducts or air-handling units. Air-handling units are hidden in the walls or ceilings, where they use steam or hot water to heat, or chilled water to cool the air inside the ductwork

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

ASHRAE

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

ASTM Voluntary standards development organization which creates source technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services

BAS A building automation system (BAS) uses computer-based monitoring to coordinate, organize, and optimize building control subsystems, including lighting, equipment scheduling, and alarm reporting.

BAU Business as usual

BEI Total Energy Consumption is defined as total energy of electricity (or electricity equivalent) consumed by the building

•All energy consumed by the Gross Floor Area (occupied and unoccupied in building including energy for ICT.

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS



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•Excluding energy produced by Renewable Energy.

BMP Best Management Practice

BOD Basis of design (BOD) includes design information necessary to accomplish the owner's project requirements, including system descriptions, indoor environmental quality criteria, design assumptions, and references to applicable codes, standards, regulations, and guideline.

BOPAT Belanjawan Operasi dan Penyenggaraan Aset Tahunan

BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, the first widely used green building rating system, developed in the U.K. in the early 1990s, currently used primarily in the U.K. and in Hong Kong.

BSEEP Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project

BS EN British Standard (if EN is found as part of a BS, then it means that the standard was developed as a European standard and then adopted by the UK as a British Standard)

Btu A unit of energy consumed by or delivered to a building. A Btu is an acronym for British thermal unit and is defined as the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit, at normal atmospheric pressure. Energy consumption is expressed in Btu to allow for consumption comparisons among fuels that are measured in different units.

BUS Building Use Ltd

Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]

= Total Energy Consumption a year [kWh/year]

Total Occupied or Net Floor Area [m2]

NET BEI [kWh/m2/year]

= Total Net Energy Consumption [kWh/year]

Total Net Floor Area [m2]



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C&D

Construction and demolition.

C2C A protocol developed by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry that establishes guidelines for the manufacture of products in ways that harmonize with natural systems. These guidelines require, for example, that products be recyclable indefinitely, contain no hazardous ingredients, and are manufactured using renewable energy.

CCC Certificate of Completion and Compliance

CDL Construction, demolition, and land-clearing (CDL) debris includes all of the above plus soil, vegetation, and rock from land clearing

CETDEM Centre for Environment, Technology and Development Malaysia

CFC Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a compound of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine, once commonly used in refrigeration that depletes the stratospheric ozone layer.

CFL i. Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) – light source in which the tube is folded or twisted into a spiral to concentrate the light output; CFLs are typically 3 to 4 times as efficient as incandescent light bulbs and they last 8 to 10 times as long.

ii. Small fluorescent lamps used as more efficient alternatives to incandescent lighting called PL, CFL, Twin-Tube, or BIAX lamps.

iii. A light bulb designed to replace screw-in incandescent light bulbs; they are often found in table lamps, wall sconces, and hall and ceiling fixtures of commercial buildings with residential type lights. They combine the efficiency of fluorescent lighting with the convenience of standard incandescent bulbs. Light is produced the same way as other fluorescent lamps. Compact fluorescent bulbs have either electronic or magnetic ballasts

CGP EPA's Construction General Permit. Outlines the provisions necessary to comply with Phase I and Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program.

CHP Combined heat and power (CHP), or cogeneration, generates both electrical power and thermal energy from a single fuel source.

CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

CIDB Construction Industry Development Board



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CIR Credit Interpretation Ruling

CIS Construction Industry Standard

CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management System

CO2

Carbon dioxide

CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent is the universal unit for comparing emissions of different GHGs, expressed in terms of global warming potential (GWP) of one unit carbon dioxide.

CRI Color-rendering index, or CRI, is a scale of 0 to 100, used by manufacturers of fluorescent, metal halide, and other non-incandescent lighting equipment to describe the visual effect of the light on colored surfaces. Natural daylight is assigned a CRI of 100.

Cx i. Commissioning (Cx) is the process of verifying and documenting that a building and all of its systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the owner's project requirements. ii. The process of checking the performance of a building against the owner's goals during design, construction, and occupancy. At a minimum, mechanical and electrical equipment are tested, although much more extensive testing may also be included.

CxA The commissioning authority (CxA) is the individual designated to organize, lead, and review the completion of commissioning process activities. The CxA facilitates communication among the owner, designer, and contractor to ensure that complex systems are installed and function in accordance with the owner's project requirements.

dBA A decibel (dBA) is a sound pressure level measured with a conventional frequency weighting that roughly approximates how the human ear hears different frequency components of sounds at typical listening levels for speech

DBH Diameter Breast Height

DHW Domestic hot water (DHW) is water used for food preparation, cleaning and sanitation and personal hygiene, but not heating

DOE Department of Environment



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DOSH Department of Occupational Safety and Health

DPAK Dasar Pengurusan Aset Kerajaan

ECM Energy conservation measures are installations or modifications of equipment or systems intended to reduce energy use and costs

EIA Environmental impact assessment

EMCS Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) is an energy management feature that uses mini/microcomputers, instrumentation, control equipment, and software to manage a building's use of energy for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, and/or business-related processes. These systems may also manage fire control, safety, and security. Not included as an EMCS are time-clock thermostats

EMS An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency. An EMS is a voluntary management system for identifying, controlling and monitoring a facility’s activities, which have potential environmental impacts. The framework provides structure and consistency for overseeing daily activities that shifts the environmental focus from reactive to proactive. Voluntary implementation of EMSs has increased throughout the world as industry and organizations realize their environmental and market place value. The international standard for EMSs was first published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1996 and was last revised in 2004.Its official catalogue title is ISO 14001: Environmental Management System-Requirement.

EnMS Energy Management System Standard

ENERGYSTAR ENERGY STAR is an international standard for energy efficient consumer products originated in the United States of America.

EPP Environmental preferable products (EPP) are those identified as having a lesser or reduced effect on health and the environment when compared with competing products that serve the same purpose.

EQA Environmental Quality Act

ESC (ESCP)

An Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC) plan is a collection of measures designed to reduce pollution from construction activities by



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controlling soil erosion, waterway sedimentation and airborne dust generation.

ET i. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water by evaporation from the soil and by transpiration from plants. It is expressed in millimeters per unit of time.

ii. Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces.

ETS Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, consists of airborne particles emitted from the burning end of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, and is exhaled by smokers. These particles contain about 4,000 compounds, up to 50 of which are known to cause cancer.

Fc i. A foot-candle (fc) is a measure of light falling on a given surface. One foot-candle is defined as the quantity of light falling on a 1-square-foot area from a 1 candela light source at a distance of 1 foot (which equals 1 lumen per square foot). Foot-candles can be measured both horizontally and vertically by a foot-candle meter or light meter.

ii. The non-metric measurement of lumens per square foot, one foot-candle is the amount of light that is received one foot from a light source called a candela, which is based on the light output of a standardized candle. A common range for interior lighting is 10 to 100 foot-candles, while exterior daytime levels can range from 100 to over 10,000 foot-candles. Foot-candles decrease with distance from the light source. The metric equivalent of a foot candle is 10.76lux, or lumens per square meter.

FOG Fat, Oil and Grease.

FSC Forest Stewardship Council

FTE Full-time equivalent (FTE) represents a regular building occupant who spends 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per day divided by 8 (or hours per week divided by 40). Transient Occupants can be reported as either daily totals or as part of the FTE.

Residential occupancy should be estimated based on the number and size of units. Core and Shell projects should refer to the default occupancy table in the Reference Guide appendix.

All occupant assumptions must be consistent across all credits in all categories.



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GBI GBI accreditation for buildings is separated into three tiers. At the highest level is the GBI Accreditation Panel, the independent regulatory body for GBI accreditation. At the intermediate level are the GBI Certifiers, consisting of experienced professionals that conduct the assessment and accreditation of project submissions. On the front-end level are the GBI Facilitators, professionals who together with clients and design team to enhance their projects to meet or exceed GBI rating system requirements.

GHG i. Greenhouse Gas

ii. GHG are gases that cause global warming by absorbing and emitting infrared radiation into the atmosphere. The GHG include, but are not limited to, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), Perfluororocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6).

A carbon footprint considers all six of the Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

GreenPASS Green Performance Assessment System in Construction

GWP Global warming potential is a measure of an emission’s ability to trap heat in the atmosphere, expressed as CO2 equivalent, or CO2e.

HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are refrigerants that cause significantly less depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer than chlorofluorocarbons.

HFC Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are refrigerants that do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer but may have high global warming potential. HFCs are not considered environmentally benign.

HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

HVAC&R Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigerant

Hz Hertz (Hz) is the unit used to describe the frequency of vibrations (cycles) per second; 1 Hz equals 1 cycle per second.

IAQ Indoor air quality

IBS Industrialised Building System

ICE Inventory of Carbon and Energy



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MYCREST Integrated Carbon Sustainability Assessment System

IECC International Energy Conservation Code

IFMA International Facility Management Association

IKRAM QA Kumpulan IKRAM is a wholly owned subsidiary of ProtascoBerhad, a public listed company. ProtascoBhd is specializing in Road Construction and Maintenance, Engineering Services & Consultancy, Property Development & Construction and Trading of Construction Materials.

Two core businesses of ProtascoBhd, Engineering Services & Consultancy and Property Development Construction, are the core business of Kumpulan IKRAM. This Engineering Services & Consultancy include Forensic Engineering, Engineering Consultancy & Testing Services specializing on Structural, Geotechnical & Pavement consultancy, Site investigation, Engineering Testing, Education & Training services. Through the Agreement with TNB, the engineering fields of expertise of Kumpulan IKRAM will be provided to complement and enhance the delivery system of TNB.

IPC International Plumbing Code

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IPMVP The International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) provide best-practice protocol for measurement and verification of new construction.

ISO 14000 ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their operations (processes etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements, and (c) continually improve in the above.

ISO 14040 A group of international standards laying out the process for conducting and interpreting a life-cycle assessment

ISO 50001 ISO 50001 is a specification created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for an energy management system. The standard specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and improving an energy management system, whose purpose is to enable an organization to follow a systematic approach in achieving continual improvement of energy performance, including energy efficiency, energy security, energy use and consumption.



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ISO International Organisation for Standardisation

JKR Public Works Department (Jabatan Kerja Raya)

KeTTHA The Malaysian Ministry of Energy, Green Technology, and Water

KL The landscape coefficient (KL) is a constant used to calculate the evapotranspiration rate. It takes into account the species factor, density factor, and microclimate factor of the area.

kW Kilowatt i.e. a unit of electric power (the rate at which energy is used) which is equivalent to 1000 Watts.

kWh Kilo Watt hour

LCA i. Life Cycle Assessment is a technique to evaluate the relevant energy and material consumed and environmental emissions associated with the entire life of a product, process, activity or service.

ii. A method of analysing the environmental impacts of a process, product or activity along its life cycle, for example from ‘the cradle to the grave’.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines life cycle assessment (LCA) as the following: “Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle" (ISO 14040: 1997).

iii. Among the tools that life cycle management (LCM) offers, LCA, or environmental balance, is one of the most comprehensive and high-performance methods. Life cycle assessment is the only method that assesses the environmental impacts of a product or activity (a system of products) over its entire life cycle. It is therefore a holistic approach that takes into account:

• Extraction and treatment of raw materials

• Educational tools

• Product manufacturing

• Transport and distribution

• Product use



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• End of life

iv. The main goal of the method is to lessen the environmental impacts of products and services by guiding the decision-making process. For companies, designers, and governments, life cycle assessment represents a decision-making aid tool for implementing sustainable development.

Regulated by the ISO 14040 series standards, LCA consists in four distinct phases:

• Goal and scope definition (study model which defines the methodological framework which all other LCA phases must comply with)

• Inventory of all the inputs and outputs related to the product system

• Assessment of the potential impacts associated with these inputs and outputs

• Interpretation of the inventory data and impact assessment results related to the goal and scope of the study.

v. The objective of most LCA studies is to help producers, manufacturers, companies and product producers examine inputs (such as resources, materials and electricity) and outputs (such as waste) and the impacts of these to improve efficiencies and identify where better environmental performance can be achieved.

The LCA approach forms the basis for a range of well-known ‘footprint’ assessments including ‘carbon foot printing’.

LCCF Low Carbon City Framework

LEED Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design is a green building rating and certification tool which provides building owners and operators with a framework for identifying and implementing practical and measurable green building design, construction, operations and maintenance solutions.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a voluntary, internationally recognized green building certification system that provides third-party verification of adherence to the standard. It was developed and is maintained by the US Green Building Council.

LEED NC LEED for New Construction & Major Renovations is a rating system that can be applied to commercial, institutional and residential buildings of four or more stories. The rating system has been applied to office buildings, manufacturing plants, hotels, laboratories and many other building types.



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LEED EBOM The rating system encourages owners and operators of existing buildings to implement sustainable practices and reduce the environmental impacts of their buildings, while addressing the major aspects of ongoing building operations. All buildings (as defined by standard building codes) are eligible for certification under LEED for Existing Buildings. It is targeted at single buildings, whether owner occupied, multitenant, or multiple-building campus projects. It is a whole-building rating system; individual tenant spaces aren’t eligible.

The LEED for Existing Buildings Operations and Maintenance rating system is a set of performance standards developed to certify the operations and maintenance of existing commercial or institutional buildings and high-rise residential buildings of all sizes, both public and private, with the intent of promoting high performance, healthful, durable, affordable, and environmentally sound practices in existing buildings.

LPD Lighting power density (LPD) is the amount of electric lighting, usually measured in watts per square foot, being used to illuminate a given space.

LRT Light Rail Transit

MDF A panel product used in cabinets and furniture; generally made from wood fiber glued together with binder; similar to particleboard, but with finer texture, offering more precise finishing. Most MDF is made with formaldehyde-emitting urea-formaldehyde binder.

MDI Methyl Diisocyanate – non-formaldehyde binder used in some medium-density fiberboard and particleboard products, including straw-based particleboard.

MERV Minimum efficiency reporting value.

MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry

MPAM Manual Pengurusan Aset Menyeluruh

MSDS Material safety data sheets (MSDS) are detailed, written instructions documenting a method to achieve uniformity of performance.

A report that manufacturers of most products are required to make available to installers and purchasers, informing them of product information on chemicals, chemical compounds, and chemical mixtures, the existence of potentially hazardous ingredients, and providing instructions for the safe handling, storage, and disposal of products



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MSMA Manual Saliran Mesra Alam

MTCC Malaysian Timber Certification Council

MVAC Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning

NAHRIM National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia

NFA i. Net floor area is a term used in building codes to describe the actual occupied area of a floor, not including accessory unoccupied areas (stairs, elevator & HVAC shafts, mechanical rooms, etc.) or the thickness of walls. See NPFA-101 page 17, the International Building Code section 1002.1, or your local building code.

ii. Also called Net-Usable Area or Occupied Area. Gross Floor Area excluding Car parks & External Corridor; the area included in surrounding walls of a building e.g. offices, stores, meeting rooms, risers, internal porches etc, or portion thereof.

Nit The metric unit for luminance .The U.S unit is ‘foot lambert’. Also measured in candela per square meter (cd/m²).

NPV The total discounted value of all cash inflows and outflows from a project or investment, or a formula used in assessing the value of an investment, calculated by taking the present value of an investment's future net cash flows and subtracting the initial investment.

NRC The arithmetic average of absorption coefficients at 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz for a material. The NRC is often published by manufacturers in product specifications, particularly for acoustical ceiling tiles and acoustical wall panels.

O&M Operations and Maintenance

ODP Ozone-depleting potentials

OPR Owner's project requirements (OPR) is a written document that details the ideas, concepts, and criteria that are determined by the owner to be important to the success of the project.

OSB Oriented-strand board (OSB). Consists of wood or plant particles or fibers bonded by a synthetic resin or binder. Examples include particleboard, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheat board, oriented-strand board, and strawboard.



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OTTV Overall Thermal Transfer Value

Pa Pascal i.e. the SI unit of pressure

PAS Publicly Available Specification

PE Population Equivalent

POPA Garis Panduan Pelan Operasi dan Penyelenggaraan Aset

POPAT Garis Panduan Pelan Operasi dan Penyelenggaraan Aset Tahunan

PPB Parts per billion.

PPM Parts per million.

PPSPPA Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam

PSP Principal Submitting Person

PSU Primary Sampling Unit: A sampling unit selected at the first stage in a multistage area probability sample. A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous counties—for example, an MSA (metropolitan statistical area) with surrounding suburban counties.

QLASSIC Quality Assessment System in Construction

RCx / Recx Recommissioning

RT Reverberation time (RT) is a measure of the amount of reverberation in a space and equal to the time required for the level of a steady sound to decay by 60 dB after the sound has stopped. The decay rate depends on the amount of sound absorption in a room, the room geometry, and the frequency of the sound. RT is expressed in seconds.

RTTV Roof thermal transfer value

SBS Building whose occupants experience acute health and/or comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent therein, but where no specific illness or cause can be identified. Complaints may be localized in a particular room or zone, or may spread throughout the building. A pattern of health complaints related to poor indoor air quality in a specific building, but without a known cause or a definite, diagnosable pattern of symptoms.



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SHASSIC Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction

SHGC The fraction of solar gain admitted through a window, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

SIRIM Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia

SIRIM QAS SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of SIRIM Berhad, is Malaysia's leading certification, inspection and testing body. SIRIM QAS offers services to a cross-section of economic sectors ranging from the electrical and electronic sectors to forest management and the construction and building sector.

SLA Service Level Agreement

SO Superintending Officer

SOP A standard operating procedure (SOP) manual can be used to document routine operations and maintenance practices, and to encourage use of standardized best practices.

SPAN National Water Services Commission (Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara)

SRI Solar Reflectance Index isa measure of the constructed surface ability to reflect solar heat as shown by a small temperature rise. To calculate the SRI, the reflectance and emittance value of the material must be known. Basically for example, dark paving materials have low reflectance and consequently low Sri values. Gray or white concrete has higher reflectance and hence higher SRI values. However both white and gray concrete will weather over time, and without maintenance their SRI value will decrease.

STC Sound transmission class (STC) is a single-number rating for the acoustic attenuation of airborne sound passing through a partition or other building element, such as a wall, roof, or door, as measured in an acoustical testing laboratory according to accepted industry practice. A higher STC rating provides more sound attenuation through a partition.

tCO2e Tons of CO2equivalent.

TNB Tenaga Nasional Berhad

TP Total phosphorus (TP) consists of organically bound phosphates, polyphosphates, and orthophosphates in storm water, the majority of which originates from fertilizer application. Chemical precipitation is



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the typical removal mechanism for phosphorus.

TPATA Tatacara Pengurusan Aset Tak Alih Kerajaan

TSS Total suspended solids (TSS) are particles that are too small or light to be removed from storm water via gravity settling. Suspended solid concentrations are typically removed via filtration.

Tvis Visible light transmittance (VLT) (Tvis) is the ratio of total transmitted light to total incident light (i.e., the amount of visible spectrum, 380–780 nanometers of light passing through a glazing surface divided by the amount of light striking the glazing surface). The higher the Tvis value, the more incident light passes through the glazing.

TVOC The sum or total of all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a product or measured in a space under certain defined conditions.

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

USGBC United States Green Building Council

VAV Variable Air Volume (VAV) is an HVAC conservation feature that supplies varying quantities of conditioned (heated or cooled) air to different parts of a building according to the heating and cooling needs of those specific areas.

VFD A variable frequency drive (VFD) is a device for controlling the speed of a motor by controlling the frequency of the electrical power supplied to it. VFDs may be used to improve the efficiency of mechanical systems as well as comfort, because they use only as much power as needed, and can be adjusted continuously.

VMT The number of miles traveled by motor vehicles in a specified period of time, such as a day or a year, by a number of motorists in absolute or per capita terms.

VOC Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a carbon compound that vaporizes (becomes a gas) at normal room temperatures. VOCs contribute to air pollution directly and through atmospheric photochemical reactions (excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides and carbonates, and ammonium carbonate) to produce secondary air pollutants, principally ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate.



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WEPLS Water Efficient Products Labelling Scheme under the National Water Services Commission Malaysia

WFR Window-to-floor ratio (WFR) is the total area of the window (measured vertically from 30 inches above the finished floor to the top of the glass, multiplied by the width of the glass) divided by the floor area.

WWF World Wildlife Fund



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GLOSSARY

A

Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Alternative-fuel vehicles use low-polluting, non-gasoline fuels such as electricity, hydrogen, propane, compressed natural gas, liquid natural gas, methanol, and ethanol.

Ambient Lighting

i. General illumination in lux ii. Lighting in a space that provides for general way finding and visual comfort, in contrast

to task lighting, which illuminates a defined area to facilitate specific visual work

Assembly materials

The percentage of postconsumer or pre-consumer recycled material in a product. It is

determined by dividing the weight of the recycled content by the overall weight of the assembly.

Assessment, Construction

An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the construction process employed in the project.

Assessment, Design

An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the design of the project from concept stage up to

project completion.

Assessment, Operations

An MYCREST rating scheme for assessing the facility operations.

Atrium

A usually sky lighted central area, often containing plants, in some modern buildings, especially of a public or commercial nature.



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B

Baseline

Baseline is a base of measurement or point of reference, verified and extracted from recognised authorities. It can also be established from calculations using existing information.

Baseline Building Performance

Baseline building performance is the annual energy cost for a building design, used as a baseline

for comparison with above-standard design

Bay

A bay is a component of a standard, rectilinear building design. It is the open area defined by a

building element such as columns or a window. Typically, there are multiple identical bays in

succession

Best Practice

A technique or methodology that has been accepted in the construction industry to reliably lead

to a desired result.

Binder

Glue used in manufacturing wood products, such as medium-density fibreboard (MDF),

particleboard, and engineered lumber. Most binders are made with formaldehyde.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth. It includes all species, animals, plants, fungi, algae, bacteria and the habitats that they depend upon.

Bioremediation

The use of microorganism and vegetation is to remove contaminants from water and

soils. Bioremediation is generally a form of in-situ remediation and can be a viable alternative to

landfilling or incineration

Black water

i. Water is the wastewater containing fecal matter and urine. ii. Wastewater from toilets and urinals. iii. Wastewater containing urine or fecal matter that should be discharged to the sanitary

drainage system of the building or premises in accordance with the International

Plumbing Code.



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Bleed-off (or Blow down)

Bleed-off, or blow down, is the release of a portion of the recirculating water from a cooling

tower; this water carries dissolved solids that can cause mineral build-up.

Blower door test

A blower door test gives an overall value for airtightness of a space, and can help identify air

leaks. The testing unit consists of a calibrated fan that is sealed onto the unit entrance. The fan

creates a continuous flow of pressure into the unit (or out of the unit when using theatrical fog

to locate leaks). Devices detect the rate of pressure retention and loss due to possible air leaks

in the construction.

Breathing Zone

The breathing zone is the region within an occupied space between 3 and 6 feet above the floor

and more than 2 feet from walls or fixed air-conditioning equipment. (AHSRAE 62.1–2007).

Brightness

The subjective perception of luminance

Brightness Glare

Glare resulting from high luminance or insufficiently shielded light sources in the field of view. Also known as direct glare.

Brownfield

Abandoned, idled, or under used industrial and commercial facilities/sites which expansion, redevelopment, or reuse is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination (may include hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants). They can be in urban, suburban, or rural areas.

Building Engineer

A qualified engineering professional with relevant and sufficient expertise who oversees and is responsible for the operation and maintenance of mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in the project building.

Building Footprint

i. Building footprint is the area on a project site used by the building structure, defined by

the perimeter of the building plan. Parking lots, parking garages, landscapes, and other

non-building facilities are not included in the building footprint.

ii. A "footprint" is defined as the entire area of ground covered by permittable structure;

in other words almost everything except pavement. A building footprint is the outline of

the total area of a lot or site that is surrounded by the exterior walls of a building or

portion of a building, exclusive of courtyards. In the absence of surrounding exterior

walls, surveyors will depict the area to be occupied by the building with dotted lines.



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The size of the wall will be determined by the size of the building bricks or blocks to be

used for the exterior wall in houses. Attached porches are still part of the footprint.

Building Typologies

Different types of buildings that are covered in the MYCREST rating schemes.



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C

Cadmium

A naturally-occurring element and source of pigments that were once a staple in paints, but

now are largely phased out in architectural coatings except for certain specialty products. High

exposure to cadmium can cause a variety of health problems, including kidney damage.

Car Sharing

A system under which multiple households share a pool of automobiles, either through cooperative ownership or through some other mechanism.

Carbon emission equivalent

A carbon footprint is measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) allows the different greenhouse gases to be compared on a like-for-like basis relative to one unit of CO2. CO2e is calculated by multiplying the emissions of each of the six greenhouse gases by its 100 year global warming potential (GWP). A carbon footprint considers all six of the Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

Carbon footprint

i. This is a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide emission equivalent (CO2e) that is directly and indirectly caused by any activity, or is accumulated over the life cycle of a construction product.

ii. Carbon footprints provide a way of quantifying the amount of global warming potential or greenhouse gas equivalents (as units of carbon dioxide) emitted through the whole life cycle of a product or consumer or business activities.

Carbon offset

A fiscal unit measured in metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) representing six main

categories of greenhouse gases. Aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, one carbon

offset represents the reduction of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (or its equivalent in other

greenhouse gases). Carbon offsets are typically purchased by consumers of fossil fuels or

products using fossil fuels, as a way to "offset" or negate their negative environmental impact.

Carbon sequestration

The estimated amount of carbon removed annually by plants, through the process of photosynthesis.

Carbon storage

Carbon currently held in plant tissue (tree bole, branches, and roots).



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Category

A set of issues that define the broad impacts and address ways in which a project can mitigate

the negative environmental effects.

Certification

The process of labelling a project’s compliance with MYCREST schemes.

Chemical Treatment

Chemical treatment includes the use of biocidal, conditioning, dispersant, and scale-inhibiting

chemicals to control biological growth, scale, and corrosion in cooling towers. Alternatives to

conventional chemical treatment include ozonation, ionization, and exposure to ultraviolet light.

Chromium

A naturally occurring metal used to make chrome, used in some wood treatment compounds,

and sometimes used to tan leather. Its usage has been greatly reduced, but it may still be found

in some products. Although chromium is an essential nutrient, some chromium compounds are

carcinogenic.

Circadian Rhythm

i. The rhythm of an organism's vital functions with relation to the daily cycle of the natural environment

ii. A daily rhythmic activity cycle, based on 24-hour intervals, that is exhibited by many

organisms

CIE Overcast Sky

The "cloudy sky" as used in the Radiance simulation software.

Clerestory

The upper part of the nave, choir, and transepts of a large building, containing a series of windows. It is clear of the roofs of the aisles and admits light to the central parts of the building.

Clerestory Windows

Pronounced and sometimes spelled "clear-story," these are vertical, or close-to-vertical, windows high in the wall of a building that bring daylight deeply into the building and, if operable, can help ventilate the space.



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Climate change

1. Climate change is defined as a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere.

2. Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature,

precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer).

3. The increase in global average temperatures being caused by a build-up of CO2 and other

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This temperature change is leading to changes in

circulation patterns in the air and in the oceans, which are affecting climates differently in

different places. Among the predicted effects are a significant cooling in Western Europe

due to changes in the jet stream, and rising sea levels due to the melting of polar ice and

glaciers.

Comfort Criteria

Comfort criteria are specific design conditions that take into account temperature, humidity, air

speed, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, seasonal clothing, and expected activity.

Commissioning

A set of activities conducted during or after the construction phase aimed at verifying that the

building or pieces of its systems, functions as designed. This is a comprehensive process of

reviewing design documentation, verifying installation, testing equipment and system

performance, training building operators and analysing the operation of building systems.

Composting

Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil

amendment. The compost itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil

conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acids, and as a natural pesticide for soil.

Composting from materials from business and industry can be done onsite and offsite.

Industrial composting systems are increasingly being installed as a waste management

alternative to landfills, along with other advanced waste processing systems. Mechanical sorting

of mixed waste streams combined with anaerobic digestion or in-vessel composting, is called

mechanical biological treatment.

Conductivity Meter

A device that measures the amount of nutrients and salt in water. It is also known as a EC meter.

Construction IAQ Management Plan

A construction IAQ management plan outlines measures to minimize contamination in a specific

project building during construction and describes procedures to flush the building of

contaminants prior to occupancy.



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Construction Waste Management Plan (CWMP)

A plan that diverts construction debris from landfills through the processes of recycling, salvaging and reusing.

Conversion Factors

Floor space estimates may be converted to metric units by using the relationship: 1 square foot

is approximately equal to 0.0929 square meters. Energy estimates may be converted to metric

units by using the relationship: 1 Btu is approximately equal to 1,055 joules; one kilowatt-hour

is exactly equal to 3,600,000 joules; and one gigajoule (109 joules) is approximately 278

kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Cooling Equipment

The equipment used for cooling room air in a building for human comfort.

Cradle to gate

Describes an LCA that includes extraction of resources and production but not transportation, use, maintenance or disposal or recycling.

Cradle to grave

Describes an LCA that includes the full life cycle, from resource extraction through disposal or recycling (sometimes called cradle-to-cradle).

Criterion

Individual issues in the category that outlines the mitigation and measurement principles and

compliance to submittal requirements and scoring levels.



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D

Daylight Glazing

A vertical window area located 7'6" above the floor. Glazing at this height is the most effective at distributing daylight deep into the interior space.

Daylight Sensors

A lighting feature that takes advantage of sunlight to cut the amount of electric lighting used in a building by varying output of the lighting system in response to variations in available daylight. They are sometimes referred to as "natural lighting control sensors " or "photocells”.

Density Factor

Density factor (kd) is a coefficient used in calculating the landscape coefficient. It modifies the

evapotranspiration rate to reflect the water use of a plant or group of plants, particularly with

reference to the density of the plant material

Design Intent

A written document that details the ideas, concepts, and criteria that are determined by the owner to be important to the success of the project.

Designated Parking (or Preferred Parking)

Preferred parking, available to particular users, includes designated spaces close to the building (aside from designated handicapped spots), designated covered spaces, discounted parking passes, and guaranteed passes in a lottery system.

Diameter at breast height (DBH)

Diameter at breast height (DBH) is a standard method for determining the trunk diameter of a standing tree.

Diffused Interior Lighting

Lighting that does not come from any particular direction.

Diffusers

In an MVAC context, diffusers disperse heating, cooling, or ventilation air as it enters a room,

ideally preventing uncomfortable direct currents and in many cases, reducing energy costs and

improving indoor air quality (IAQ). In light fixtures, diffusers filter and disperse light.

Direct Line of Sight through Vision Glazing

The approach used to determine the calculated area of regularly occupied areas with direct line

of sight to perimeter vision glazing. The area determination includes full height partitions and

other fixed construction prior to installation of furniture.



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Durable Goods

Durable goods are goods with a useful life of 2 years or more and are replaced infrequently or

may require capital program outlays. Examples include furniture, office equipment, appliances,

external power adapters, televisions, and audio-visual equipment.



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E

Eco label (or Green label)

Product or service markers, often in the form of a label, service mark, or seal, that seek to make consumers aware of the imperceptible environmental contents of the product or to indicate that its production meets certain standards deemed to be socially desirable.

Embodied carbon

i. The carbon emitted to the atmosphere by the energy consumed by all processes associated with the construction of a building, from the acquisition of natural resources up to the completion of the building.

ii. The cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions, energy consumption, or water consumption, respectively,

of a product or system.

Embodied Energy

1. Embodied energy is the energy used during the entire life cycle of a product, including its

manufacture, transportation, and disposal, as well as the inherent energy captured within

the product itself.

2. The energy expended in the process of creating a product, often including the fuel value of

its constituent parts as well as transportation to its point of use.

Emissivity

Emissivity is the ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black

body at the same temperature.

Endocrine Disrupter

Chemical that mimics natural hormones, such as estrogen, and may interfere with reproductive

development or alter behaviour in offspring. Among common chemicals believed to be

endocrine disrupters are phthalate plasticizers used in PVC plastic and bisphenol-A, which is

used in the manufacture of epoxies and polycarbonate plastic.

Energy Intensity

The ratio of consumption to unit of measurement (floor space, number of workers, etc.). Energy

intensity is usually given on an aggregate basis, as the ratio of the total consumption for a set of

buildings to the total floor space in those buildings. Conditional energy intensity and gross

energy intensity are presented. The energy intensity can also be computed for individual

buildings.



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Erosion

A combination of processes and events whereby materials of the earth’s surface are loosened,

dissolved or worn away and transported by natural agents such as air and water.

Exemplary performance

Points which are achieved through the doubling of credit requirements and/or achieving the

next incremental percentage threshold. However, this rule varies on a case by case basis, there

each credit requirements must be examined closely.

Exfiltration

Exfiltration is air leakage through cracks and interstices and through the ceilings, floors, and

walls

External Overhangs (or Awnings)

A conservation feature designed to reduce the transmission of light into a building. These include any type of overhang (including architectural) or awning on the outside of the building designed to limit solar penetration.

Extraction (also known as harvest or recovery point)

Extraction, harvest or recovery point refers to the location of raw materials prior to

manufacturing of the building material or product that is furnished and installed in the project

building.



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F

Fenestration The arrangement of windows and doors on the elevations of a building.

Formaldehyde

1. Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring volatile organic compound (VOC) found in small

amounts in animals and plants but is carcinogenic and an irritant to most people when

present in high concentrations, causing headaches, dizziness, mental impairment, and other

symptoms. When present in the air at levels above 0.1 ppm, it can cause watery eyes;

burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and throat; nausea; coughing; chest tightness;

wheezing; skin rashes; and asthmatic and allergic reactions.

2. A known carcinogen with no known safe exposure level. Formaldehyde occurs naturally, but

appears in unnaturally high concentrations in many buildings because it is an ingredient in

binders used in many building materials and furnishings.

Fuel-Efficient Vehicles

Fuel-efficient vehicles have achieved a minimum green score of 40 according to the annual

vehicle-rating guide of the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy.

Functional Performance Testing

The process of determining the ability of the commissioned systems to perform in accordance

with the owner's project requirements, basis of design (BOD), and construction documents.



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G

Glare

The sensation produced by brightness within the visual field that is greater than the brightness

to which the eye is adapted and thus causes annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual

performance and visibility.

Green Building

The practice of creating a sustainable built environment and using processes that minimizes

ecological impact while addressing the specific regional needs and local environment.

Green cleaning

Green cleaning is the use of cleaning products and practices that have lower environmental impacts and more positive indoor air quality impacts than conventional products and practices.

Grey water

This is defined as untreated domestic used water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Grey water includes water from bathtubs, showers, sinks and laundry system.

Gross Energy Intensity

Total consumption of a particular energy source(s) or fuel(s) by a group of buildings, divided by

the total floor space of those buildings, including buildings and floor space where the energy

source or fuel is not used, i.e., the ratio of consumption to gross floor space.

Gross Floor Area

i. Gross floor area is the sum of the floor areas of the spaces within the building, including basements, mezzanine and intermediate‐floored tiers. Measurements must be taken from the exterior 39 faces of exterior walls OR from the centreline of walls separating buildings, OR from the centreline of walls separating spaces. Excludes non‐en closed (or non‐enclosable) roofed‐over areas such as exterior covered walkways, porches, terraces or steps, roof overhangs, and similar features.

ii. Total area of all floors of a building as measured to the outside surfaces of exterior walls and including flat roofs, halls, stairways, elevator/lift shafts, attached garages / car parks (underground/attached/indoor), porches, balconies, basements, offices but excluding voids and open/uncovered car parks.

iii. The area excludes air shafts, pipe trenches, and chimneys; floor area dedicated to the parking and circulation of motor vehicles. (Note that while excluded features may not be part of the gross floor area, and therefore technically not a part of the MYCREST project building, they may still be required to be a part of the overall MYCREST project and subject to prerequisites, and points)



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H

Hardscape

Hardscape consists of the inanimate elements of the building landscaping. Examples include

pavement, roadways, stone walls, concrete paths and sidewalks, and concrete, brick, and tile

patios.

Health Care

A scheme that covers the assessment of Health Care facilities.

Heat Island Effect

i. Heat island effect refers to the absorption of heat by hardscapes, such as dark, non-

reflective pavement and buildings, and its radiation to surrounding areas. Other sources

may include vehicle exhaust, air-conditioners, and street equipment. Reduced airflow

because of tall buildings and narrow streets exacerbate the effect.

ii. An urban area having higher average temperature than its rural surroundings owing to

the greater absorption, retention, and generation of heat by its buildings, pavements,

and human activities.

Heat Pump

A type of heating and/or cooling equipment that draws heat into a building from outside and

during the cooling season, ejects heat from the building to the outside. Heat pumps are vapour-

compression refrigeration systems whose indoor/outdoor coils are used reversibly as

condensers or evaporators, depending on the need for heating or cooling.

Hotels

A scheme that covers the assessment of Hotels.



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I

Illuminance

Amount of light incident on a surface.

Impact

An action that affects a natural system, typically by extracting resources or emitting contaminants.

Impervious Surfaces

Surfaces that promote runoff of precipitation volumes instead of infiltration into the subsurface.

The imperviousness or degree of runoff potential can be estimated for different surface

materials.

Imperviousness

Resistance to penetration by a liquid and is calculated as the percentage of area covered by a paving system that does not allow moisture to soak into the ground.

Integrated Design

A design approach which relies on a multidisciplinary and collaborative team approach in which

members make decisions together based on a shared vision and holistic understanding of the

project. Rather than a conventional linear design process in which a design is passed from one

professional to another, an integrated process has all key team members talking together

throughout the design and construction process as they share ideas and use feedback across

disciplines to iteratively move toward a high-performing design.

Integrated Pest Management

i. Integrated pest management (IPM) is the coordinated use of knowledge about pests,

the environment, and pest prevention and control methods to minimize pest infestation

and damage by the most economical means while minimizing hazards to people,

property, and the environment

Impervious Surfaces

These have a perviousness of less than 50 percent. They promote run-off of water instead of infiltration into the subsurface. Examples are parking areas, roads and pavements.



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L

Landscape Area

The landscape area is the total site area less the building footprint, paved surfaces, water bodies,

and patios.

Life cycle

The stages of a product or system, encompassing resource extraction, manufacturing, transportation and installation, use and maintenance, and end of life.

Light Shelf

A horizontal element positioned above eye level to reflected daylight onto the ceiling.

Light Pollution

Wastage of light, or unwanted light from building sites or building facades that does not

increase safety or utility and unnecessarily consumes energy.

Louver

A series of baffles used to shield a light source from view at certain angles or to absorb some light.

Low-Emitting Vehicles (see also Alternative Fuel Vehicles)

Low-emitting vehicles are classified as zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) by the California Air

Resources Board.

Lumen

1. A lumen is a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted in a unit solid angle by a

uniform point source of 1 candle intensity.

2. A measurement of light output.

Luminaires

A complete electric lighting/artificial lighting unit including housing, lamp, electrical components, diffusers and focusers. Also called a fixture.

Luminance

Amount of light coming from a surface; in other words, the ‘brightness’.



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Luminous Flux

The rate of flow of energy (light) whereby the unit is lumen.

Lux

Measurement of lumens per square meter



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M

Multi-Occupant Spaces

Conference rooms, classrooms and other indoor spaces used as a place of congregation for presentations, trainings, etc. Individuals using these spaces share the lighting and temperature controls and they should have, at a minimum, a separate zone with accessible thermostat and an air-flow control. Group multi-occupant spaces do not include open office plans that contain individual workstations.

http://www.leeduser.com/glossary/14#term4906



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N

Non-potable Water

Water that is unsafe or unpalatable to drink because it contains pollutants, contaminants, minerals, or infective agents.



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O

Occupied Building Spaces

Areas or spaces where one or more individual fully utilized either for working purposes, study,

examination or performed other focused activities inside a building. These include any spaces

that require a detail visual tasking at a working plane surface which is at 0.8m above the

finished floor levels.

Occupied Areas

These are generally defined as enclosed areas or spaces that accommodate human activity. This

activity may be regular activities such as office work or non-regular such as lobby areas and

gallery areas.

Occupied spaces

Enclosed spaces that can accommodate human activities. Occupied spaces are further classified as regularly occupied or non-regularly occupied spaces based on the duration of the occupancy, individual or multi-occupant based on the quantity of occupants, and densely or non-densely occupied spaces based upon the concentration of occupants in the space.

On-going Consumables

Ongoing consumables have a low cost per unit and are regularly used and replaced in the course of business. Examples include paper, toner cartridges, binders, batteries, and desk accessories.

Operational carbon

All forms of carbon emitted by the energy consumed during the life span of a building where it is used for the purpose it was designed.



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P

Phenol Formaldehyde

Phenol formaldehyde, which off-gasses only at high temperature, is used for exterior products, although many of these products are suitable for interior applications.

Photo sensors

A photo sensor is an electronic component that detects the presence of visible light, infrared

transmission (IR), and/or ultraviolet (UV) energy

Photometric chart

Lighting simulation result shown in the form of grid arrangement usually in plan and perspective

view. Each lighting incidence on surface will portray in photometric chart.

Policy

Documented guidelines that articulate the organization principles and its and its employees' response to known and knowable situations. Policies shall be approved through the organization's official governance mechanisms and managed and maintained by the organization's official policy function(s).

Post-consumer content

i. Content produced by households, commercial, or industrial facilities that has been

diverted or recovered from waste streams and broken down and processed for use in

new products or packaging.

ii. Waste generated by end users (households or commercial, industrial and institutional facilities) of a product no longer able to be used for its intended purpose that is recycled into raw material for a new product.

Post-industrial content (or Pre-consumer content)

i. Scrap or waste recovered from the manufacturing process for reuse or recycling.

ii. Refers to material diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing

process. Excluded from this category is reutilization of materials such as scrap

that are generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within the same

process. Generally synonymous with "pre-consumer."



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Potable Water

Potable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems.

Previously developed

Previously developed sites are those altered by paving, construction, and/or land use that would typically have required regulatory permitting to have been initiated (alterations may exist now or in the past). Previously developed land includes a platted lot on which a building was constructed if the lot is no more than 1 acre; previous development on lots larger than 1 acre is defined as the development footprint and land alterations associated with the footprint. Land that is not previously developed and altered landscapes resulting from current or historical clearing or filling, agricultural or forestry use, or preserved natural area use are considered undeveloped land. The date of previous development permit issuance constitutes the date of previous development, but permit issuance in itself does not constitute previous development."

Public use

Public or public use applies to all buildings, structures, or uses that are not defined as private or private use.



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R

Recyclable

A term generally applied to consumable goods such as paper, plastics, glass bottles, a product

or material is recyclable if it may be removed from the waste disposal stream, returned to its

original raw material form, and reused as a raw material input for a manufacturing process.

Recycled content

The proportion of pre-consumer or post-consumer recycled material, by mass, in a product or

packaging or building

Reflectance Value

The ratio of energy (light) bouncing away from a surface to the amount striking it, expressed as

a percentage.

Renewable energy

Energy derived from resources that are naturally replenished and can be sustained indefinitely.

Potential sources include, but are not limited to, solar electric (photovoltaic), solar thermal,

solar thermal electric, wind, geothermal, bio-gas, biomass, low-impact hydro and renewable

cogeneration on-site or off-site, on- or off-grid.

Retention Ponds

i. Ponds which help control potential flooding from storm water runoff and to help

improve the water quality that leads into streams.

ii. Designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely. Usually the pond is designed

to have drainage leading to another location when the water level gets above the pond

capacity, but still maintains a certain capacity.

iii. A water retention pond retains water all the time. The pond level may go up and down,

but ordinarily the pond has some water in it. So, if the pond is typically empty except

during and shortly after rain or other precipitation, it is a detention pond. If the pond

always has water in it, then it is a retention pond. A retention pond also may clear the

water of pollutants before its release.



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Roof area

Roof area is the area of the uppermost surface of the building which covers enclosed Gross Floor Area, as measured when projected onto a flat, horizontal surface (i.e. as seen in Roof Plan view). ‘Roofs’, or portions of roofs, covering unenclosed areas (e.g. roofs over porches and open covered parking structures) are not included in the areas used to evaluate compliance.



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S

Scope of emissions

The categorization of emissions according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative, an

international accounting tool widely used by government and business leaders to understand,

quantify, and manage GHG emissions. Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions are the GHG Protocol’s

categories of direct and indirect emissions. According to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative

website, the definitions of Scopes 1, 2, and 3 are:

a) Scope 1 Emissions are greenhouse gas emissions which occur as a direct result of activities at facility.

b) Scope 2 Emissions cover greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating or cooling consumed by a facility.

c) Scope 3 Emissions cover all indirect emissions that are not included in scope 2, such as the transport and distribution of purchased fuel.

Sealants

A sealant has adhesive properties and is formulated primarily to fill, seal, or waterproof gaps or joints between 2 surfaces. Sealants include sealant primers and caulks. Sealants are used on wood, fabric, paper, corrugated paperboard, plastic foam and other materials with tiny openings, often microscopic, that may absorb or discharge gas or fluid.

Shading Coefficient

i. The ratio of the total solar heat gain through a window to that through 3mm clear glass.

ii. Modelling, exercising, and analysing a design’s behaviour without physically building the

design. The simulator and simulation model have all the necessary attributes of the

physical design.

Shall

Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Shielding

A nontechnical term that describes devices or techniques that are used as part of a luminaire or lamp to limit glare, light trespass, or sky glow.

Should

Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.



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Solar reflectance

Also known as albedo: the fraction of solar energy that is reflected by a surface on a scale of 0 to 1. Black paint has a solar reflectance of 0; white paint (titanium dioxide) has a solar reflectance of 1. The standard technique for its determination uses spectrophotometric measurements, with an integrating sphere to determine the reflectance at each wavelength. The average reflectance is then determined by an averaging process, using a standard solar spectrum, as documented by ASTM Standards E903 and E892.

Solid Waste

Any refuse or sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air

pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or

contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural

operations, and from community activities.

Stakeholder

Any individual or group affected by or who can affect the actions of an organization. Stakeholders include shareholders, employees, customers, regulators, community members, or suppliers

Submeter (or Submetering)

Submetering is used to determine the proportion of energy or water use within a building attributable to specific end uses such as tenant spaces, or subsystems such as the heating component of an HVAC system.

Supply chain

The network of organizations that cooperate to transform raw materials into finished goods and

services for consumers.

Sustainability

Human activity conducted in a way that meets “the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” In the marketplace, the term is used

to address ideas and emerging systems of thought that include corporate social responsibility,

corporate citizenship and environmental responsibility.

Sustainable Timber (also known as Certified Wood)

Wood from a source that has been determined, through a certification process and meet stated ecological and other criteria. There are numerous forest certification programs in general use based on several standards



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T

Task Lighting

Light provided for a specific task, versus general or ambient lighting.

Transitional Spaces

Fully enclosed transitional spaces that interconnected between the occupied building areas

region, excluding the ancillary circulation zones, lift lobby, waiting areas, entrance hall/lobby or

any services circulation spaces.

Transmittance

The ratio of energy (light) passing through a surface to the amount striking it, expressed as a

percentage.



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U

U-value

U-value describes how well a building element conducts heat. It measures the rate of heat transfer through a building element over a given area, under standardized conditions. The greater the U-value, the less efficient the building element is as an insulator. The inverse of (1 divided by) the U-value is the R-value.

Urban Heat Island

A densely populated area in which pavement and buildings absorb, store, and release solar energy, making the vicinity warmer than it would be if the pavement and buildings were not present.

Urea Formaldehyde

Urea formaldehyde is a combination of urea and formaldehyde used in some glues and adhesives, particularly in composite wood products. At room temperature, ureaformaldehyde emits formaldehyde, a toxic and possibly carcinogenic gas.



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V

Visual Performance

The quantitative assessment of a visual task, taking into consideration speed and accuracy.



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W

Waste

Any Material from the generator or holder that does not possess characteristics or meet technical specifications for use in the marketplace without further processing and will be discarded or released to the environment.

Wetlands

Wetlands are areas such as swamps, bogs, and marshes where water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface, particularly in the root zone, at least a good portion of the year, including the growing season.

Working plane

The plane at which work is performed, usually taken as horizontal and desk height (0.8m) from the floor.



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X

Xeriscape

Xeriscaping is a landscaping method that makes routine irrigation unnecessary. It uses drought-adaptable and low-water plants as well as soil amendments such as compost and mulches to reduce evaporation.

http://www.leeduser.com/glossary/14#term4938



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GLOSSARY – TYPES OF OCCUPIED BUILDING SPACES

Educational

Classrooms (excluding lecture halls/theatres)

Lecturer/teacher office ( open plan /individual room)

Dormitories /bedrooms

Library (reading area)

Hotels

Hotels bedrooms/suites

Staff offices ( open plan /individual room)

Hospitals/ Day cares/ Clinics

Sister/nurse workstations

Staff office /nurse office/doctor’s office (excluding on-call room)

General examination rooms (Simple examination)*

General treatment rooms*

Patients wards (open wards/isolation wards)

Industrials

Metal workings/welding etc.*

Products assemble spaces. *


*refer to any spaces that the utilization of natural day lighting has less /no implications to defect /limit the capabilities of neither occupants nor instruments in that particular space. For instance, some general examination rooms /laboratories in hospital may allow utilization of daylight and some others might not, it’s depended on the allowable daylight sensitivity on that spaces. Consulting a spatial advisors/specialist may help to determine which area prone to these daylight sensitivity. For submission purposes, applicant may submit supporting documents stating the daylight sensitivity of those particular spaces.



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Offices

Open plan layout

Enclosed Plan layout (Single /individual room)

Laboratories*

Pharmacy office*

Retails

Sales area/display area




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REFERENCES, STANDARDS AND CODES

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79. Jiakung Lu, Dagnachew Birru, Kamin Whitehouse, Using Simple Light Sensors to Achieve

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