a prospective, randomized, controlled trial study

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    A prospective, randomized, controlledtrial study of comparison of two

    techniques for laryngeal mask airway

    insertion

    Jurnal..

    Oleh :

    Arisda HakimRosyid Ahmad

    Pembimbing:

    Dr. Kararawi Listuhayu Sp. An

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    abstrack Introduction:In this study we compared the use of an intravenous propofol/propofol auto-

    co-induction technique to propofol/midazolam for laryngeal mask insertion. We also studied

    the incidence of undesirable effects in relation to LMA insertion.

    Methodology: In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial study, 60 adults belonging to

    ASA class 1 and 2 were randomly divided in three groups; Group1- Saline-propofol; Group 2-

    Propofol-midazolam; Group 3- Propofol-propofol. The induction characteristics reviewing

    various parameters like the induction dose required, hemodynamic changes and the cost of

    induction were observed. Hemodynamic variables including heart rate (HR), systolic blood

    pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) wererecorded at 2, 4 and 6 minutes post induction.

    Results: We noticed a decrease in HR, SBP, and DBP & MAP in all 3 groups which was not

    statistically significant. The total induction dose of propofol in Group 2 (106.3 21.26 mg)

    and Group 3 (136.50 20.29 mg) was significantly lower than Group 1(159.75 31.39 mg) but

    not statistically different between group 2 and 3. The total cost of induction was significantly

    reduced in the midazolam co-induction group i.e. Group 2. The number of patients sufferingfrom apnea differed significantly between 3 groups i.e. 12 patients in Group 1, 6 patients in

    Group 2 and 1 patient in Group 3. No significant difference was seen in 3 groups in incidence

    of hiccups, excitatory phenomenon or laryngospasm.

    Conclusion: Propofol co-induction (Group 2) and propofol auto co-induction is safe

    alternative to propofol induction and is more cost effective as they decrease the cost of

    induction. Midazolam co-induction is more economical than propofol auto co-induction.

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    METODOLOGI

    Insersi LMA

    http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lz-L5gbG-rY/T2u2kI7Z6ZI/AAAAAAAAAiA/c0MUVS-_b8c/s1600/Tehnik+insersi+LMA+dengan+staylet.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hymm3Bn2Gj8/T2u1feVfvQI/AAAAAAAAAhw/GoAOSOutPpY/s1600/Insersi+LMA.jpg
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    Penelitain acak pada 60 pasien dengan kondisi fisik ASA 1dan 2, yang masuk dalam kategori.

    Grup 1 : saline-propofol

    Grup 2 : midazolam-propofol

    Grup 3 : propofol-propofol

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    Dosis pemberian propofol

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    Heart rate

    Sistol, diastol dan MAP

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    Respon pada pemasangan LMA

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    Total biaya

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    Kesimpulan

    Penggunaan co-induksi midazolam-propofol

    dan auto-induksi propofol terbukti aman, efek

    samping lebih rendah, onset lebih cepat dan

    biaya lebih murah dalam penggunaaannya

    pada induksi propofol pada insersi LMA.

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    Terima Kasih..

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    Keuntungan Kerugian

    Dibandingkan dengan

    Face Mask

    - Tangan operator bebas

    - Fiksasi yang lebih baik pada penderita yang

    berjenggot- Lebih leluasa pada operasi THT

    - Lebih mudah untuk mempertahankan jalan

    nafas

    - Terlindung dari sekresi jalan nafas

    - Trauma pada mata dan saraf wajah lebih

    sedikit

    - Polusi ruangan lebih sedikit

    - Lebih invasif

    - Resiko trauma pada jalan nafas lebih

    besar- Membutuhkan keterampilan baru

    - Membutuhkan tingkat anastesi lebih

    dalam

    - Lebih membutuhkan kelenturan

    TMJ (temporo-mandibular joint)

    - Difusi N2O pada balon

    - Ada beberapa kontraindikasi

    Dibandingkan dg ETT - Kurang invasif

    - Kedalam anastesi yang dibutuhkan lebih

    dangkal

    - Berguna pada intubasi sulit

    - Trauma pada gigi dan laryngx rendah

    - Mengurangi kejadian bronkhospasme danlaryngospasme

    - Tidak membutuhkan relaksasi otot

    - Tidak membutuhkan mobilitas leher

    - Mengurangi efek pada tekanan introkular

    - Mengurangi resiko intubasi ke esofagus

    atau endobronchial

    - Meningkatkan resiko aspirasi

    gastrointestinal

    - Harus dalam posisi prone atau

    jackknife

    - Tidak aman pada pasien obisitas

    berat- Maksimum PPV (positive pressure

    ventilation) terbatas

    - Keamanan jalan nafas kurang terjaga

    - Resiko kebocoran gas dan polusi

    ruangan lebih tinggi

    - Dapat menyebabkan distensi

    lambung

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    Midazolam

    Awitan aksi: IV 30 detik-1 menit; IM 15 menit;PO/rektal menit; intranasal < 10 menit;intranasal < 5 menit

    Efek Puncak : IV 3-5 menit; IM 15-30 menit; PO30 menit; intranasal 10 menit; rektal 20-30 menit

    Lama aksi: IV/IM 15-80 menit; PO/rectal 2-6 jam

    Interaksi/toksisitas: Efek depresi SSP dansirkulasi dipotensiasi oleh alkohol, narkotik,sedatif,anestesik volatil, menurunkan MAC untukanestesik volatil; efeknya diantagonis olehflumazenil.

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    Propofol