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A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA IN REPLY TO T H E LETTER OF T H E CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF T H E SOVIET UNION OF M A R C H 3 0 , 1 9 6 3 FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRRSS PEKING

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Page 1: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist

A PROPOSAL CONCERNING T H E GENERAL LINE

OF T H E INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT

T H E L E T T E R O F T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F

T H E C O M M U N I S T P A R T Y O F C H I N A I N R E P L Y T O T H E L E T T E R O F T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F

T H E C O M M U N I S T P A R T Y O F T H E S O V I E T U N I O N O F M A R C H 3 0 , 1 9 6 3

F O R E I G N L A N G U A G E S PRRSS P E K I N G

Page 2: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist

A PROPOSAL CONCERNING T H E G E N E R A L L I N E

OF T H E INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT

T H E L E T T E R O F T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F

T H E C O M M U N I S T P A R T Y O F C H I N A I N R E P L Y T O T H E L E T T E R O F

T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F T H E C O M M U N I S T P A R T Y O F T H E S O V I E T U N I O N

O F M A R C H 3 0 , 1 9 6 3

F O R E I G N L A N G U A G E S PRESS P E K I N G 1963

Page 3: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist

P r i n t e d i n the People's Republic of C h i n a

CONTENTS

A P R O P O S A L C O N C E R N I N G T H E G E N E R A L L I N E O F T H E I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O M M U N I S T M O V E M E N T T h e L e t t e r o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a i n R e p l y t o t h e L e t t e r o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m ­m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n o f M a r c h 3 0 , 1 9 6 3 (June 14, 1963) 1

A P P E N D I C E S . •

T H E L E T T E R O F T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F T H E C . P . S . U . T O T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F T H E C . P - C , (March 30, 1963) 6 3

T H E L E T T E R O F T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F T H E C . P . C . T O T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F T H E C . F . S . U . (March 9, 1963) 9 9

T H E L E T T E R O F T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F T H E C . P . S . U . T O T H E C E N T R A L C O M M I T T E E O F T H E C . P . C . (February 21, 1963) 1 0 8

Page 4: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist

A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST

MOVEMENT THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA IN REPLY TO THE LETTER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST

PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION OF MARCH 30, 1963 (June 14. 1963)

June 14, 196;̂ The Central Committee of the

Communist Party of the Soviet Union Dear Comrades,

The Central Committee of the Communist Party nf China has studied the letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of March 30, 1963.

All who have the unity of the socialist camp and the international communist movement at heart are deeply concerned about the talks between the Chinese and Soviet Parties and hope that our talks will help to eliminate differences, strengthen unity and create favourable con­ditions for convening a meeting of representatives of all the Communist and Workers' Parties.

It is the common and sacred duty of the Communist and Workers' Parlies of all countries to uphold and strengthen the unity of the international communist I

Page 5: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist

m o v e m e n t . T h e C h i n e s e a n d S o v i e t P a r t i e s b e a r a h e a v i e r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e u n i t y o f t h e e n t i r e s o c i a l i s t c a m p a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d s h o u l d o f c o u r s e m a k e c o m m e n s u r a t e l y g r e a t e r e f f o r t s .

A n u m b e r o f m a j o r d i f f e r e n c e s o f p r i n c i p l e n o w e x i s t i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . B u t h o w e v e r s e r i o u s t h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s , w e s h o u l d e x e r c i s e s u f f i c i e n t p a t i e n c e a n d f i n d w a y s t o e l i m i n a t e t h e m s o t h a t w e c a n u n i t e o u r f o r c e s a n d s t r e n g t h e n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t o a r c o m m o n e n e m y .

I t i s w i t h t h i s s i n c e r e d e s i r e t h a t t h e C e n t r a l C o m ­m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a p p r o a c h e s t h e f o r t h c o m i n g t a l k s b e t w e e n t h e C h i n e s e a n d S o v i e t P a r t i e s ,

I n i t s l e t t e r o f M a r c h 3 0 , t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U - s y s t e m a t i c a l l y p r e s e n t s i t s v i e w s o n q u e s t i o n s t h a t n e e d t o b e d i s c u s s e d i n t h e t a l k s b e t w e e n t h e C h i n e s e a n d S o v i e t P a r t i e s , a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r r a i s e s t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t . I n t h i s l e t t e r w e t o o w o u l d l i k e t o e x p r e s s o u r v i e w s , w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e o u r p r o p o s a l o n t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d o n s o m e [ • e l a t e d q u e s t i o n s o f p r i n c i p l e .

W e h o p e t h a t t h i s e x p o s i t i o n o f v i e w s w i l l b e c o n d u c i v e t o m u t u a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g b y o u r t w o P a r t i e s a n d t o a d e t a i l e d , p o i n t - b y - p o i n t d i s c u s s i o n i n t h e t a l k s .

W e a l s o h o p e t h a t t h i s w i l l b e c o n d u c i v e t o t h e u n d e r ­s t a n d i n g o f o u r v i e w s b y t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d t o a f u l l e x c h a n g e o f i d e a s a t a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l m e e t i n g o f f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s .

( 1 ) T h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t m u s t t a k e a s i t s g u i d i n g p r i n c i p l e t h e M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t r e v t ) I u t i o n a r y t h e o r y c o n c e r n i n g t h e h i s t o r i c a l m i s s i o n o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d m u s t n o t d e p a r t f r o m i t .

2

T h e M o s c o w M e e t i n g s o f 1 9 5 7 a n d 1 9 6 0 a d o p t e d t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y a f t e r a f u l l e x c h a n g e o f v i e w s a n d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r i n c i p l e o f r e a c h i n g u n a n i m i t y t h r o u g h c o n s u l t a t i o n . T h e t w o d o c u m e n t s p o i n t o u t t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f o u r e p o c h a n d t h e c o m m o n l a w s o f s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n a n d s o c i a l i s t c o n ­s t r u c t i o n , a n d l a y d o w n t h e c o m m o n l i n e o f a l l t h e C o m ­m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s " P a r t i e s . T h e y a r e t h e c o m m o n p r o ­g r a m m e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

I t i s t r u e t h a t f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s t h e r e h a v e b e e n d i f ­f e r e n c e s w i t h i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i n t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f , a n d t h e a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s , t h e D e c l a r a t i o n o f 1 9 5 7 a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t o f 1 9 6 0 . T h e c e n t r a l i s s u e h e r e i s w h e t h e r o r n o t t o a c c e p t t h e r e v ­o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e ­m e n t . I n t h e l a s t a n a l y s i s , i t i s a q u e s t i o n o f w h e t h e r o r n o t t o a c c e p t t h e u n i v e r s a l t r u t h o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , w h e t h e r o r n o t t o r e c o g n i z e t h e u n i v e r s a l s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e r o a d o f t h e O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n , w h e t h e r o r n o t t o a c c e p t t h e f a c t t h a t t h e p e o p l e s t i l l l i v i n g u n d e r t h e i m ­p e r i a l i s t a n d c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m , w h o c o m p r i s e t w o - t h i r d s o f t h e w o r l d ' s p o p u l a t i o n , n e e d t o m a k e r e v o l u t i o n , a n d w h e t h e r o r n o t t o a c c e p t t h e f a c t t h a t t h e p e o p l e a l r e a d y o n t h e s o c i a l i s t r o a d , w h o c o m p r i s e o n e - t h i r d o f t h e w o r l d ' s p o p u l a t i o n , n e e d t o c a r r y t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n f o r ­w a r d t o t h e e n d .

I t h a s b e c o m e a n u r g e n t a n d v i t a l t a s k o f t h e i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t r e s o l u t e l y t o d e f e n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e 1 9 5 7 D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e 1 9 6 0 S t a t e m e n t .

O n l y b y s t r i c t l y f o l l o w i n g t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e g e n e r a l r o a d o f t h e O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n i s i t p o s s i b l e t o h a v e a c o r r e c t u n d e r s t a n d i n g

3

Page 6: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist

o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t a n d a c o r r e c t a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e m .

( 2 ) W h a t a r e t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t ? T h e y m a y b e s u m ­m a r i z e d a s f o l l o w s :

W o r k e r s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , u n i t e ; w o r k e r s o f t h e w o r l d , u n i t e w i t h t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s ; o p p o s e i m p e r i a l i s m a n d r e a c t i o n i n a l l c o u n t r i e s ; s t r i v e f o r w o r l d p e a c e , n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n , p e o p l e ' s d e m o c r a c y a n d s o c i a l i s m ; c o n s o l i d a t e a n d e x p a n d t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p ; b r i n g t h e p r o l e t a r i a n w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n s t e p b y s t e p t o c o m p l e t e v i c t o r y ; a n d e s t a b l i s h a n e w w o r l d w i t h o u t i m ­p e r i a l i s m , w i t h o u t c a p i t a l i s m a n d w i t h o u t t h e e x p l o i t a ­t i o n o f m a n b y m a n .

T h i s , i n o u r v i e w , i s t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a ­t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a t t h e p r e s e n t s t a g e .

( 3 ) T h i s g e n e r a l l i n e p r o c e e d s f r o m t h e a c t u a l w o r l d s i t u a t i o n t a k e n a s a w h o l e a n d f r o m a c l a s s a n a l y s i s o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y w o r l d , a n d i s d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y g l o b a l s t r a t e g y o f U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m .

T h i s g e n e r a l l i n e i s o n e o f f o r m i n g a b r o a d u n i t e d f r o n t , w i t h t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o ­l e t a r i a t a s i t s n u c l e u s , t o o p p o s e t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e a c t i o n a r i e s h e a d e d b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ; i t i s a l i n e o f b o l d l y a r o u s i n g t h e m a s s e s , e x p a n d i n g t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y f o r c e s , w i n n i n g o v e r t h e m i d d l e f o r c e s a n d i s o l a t i n g t h e r e a c t i o n a r y f o r c e s .

T h i s g e n e r a l l i n e i s o n e o f r e s o l u t e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e b y t h e p e o p l e o f a l l c o u n t r i e s a n d o f c a r i y i n g t h e p r o l e t a r i a n w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n f o r w a r d t o t h e e n d ; i t i s t h e l i n e t h a t m o s t e f f e c t i v e l y c o m b a t s i m p e r i a l i s m a n d d e f e n d s w o r l d p e a c e .

4

I f t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i s o n e - s i d e d l y r e d u c e d t o " p e a c e f u l c o e x i s ­t e n c e " , " p e a c e f u l c o m p e t i t i o n " a n d " p e a c e f u l t r a n s i t i o n " , t h i s i s t o v i o l a t e t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e 1 9 5 7 D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e 1 9 6 0 S t a t e m e n t , t o d i s c a r d t h e h i s ­t o r i c a l m i s s i o n o f p r o l e t a r i a n w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n , a n d t o d e p a r t f r o m t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y t e a c h i n g s ®f M a r x i s m -L e n i n i s m .

T h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t s h o u l d r e f l e c t t h e g e n e r a l l a w o f d e v e l o p m e n t o f w o r l d h i s t o r y . T h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e p r o l e t a ­r i a t a n d t h e p e o p l e i n v a r i o u s c o u n t r i e s g o t h r o u g h d i f ­f e r e n t s t a g e s a n d t h e y a l l h a v e t h e i r o w n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , b u t t h e y w i l l n o t t r a n s c e n d t h e g e n e r a l l a w o f d e v e l o p ­m e n t o f w o r l d h i s t o r y . T h e g e n e r a l l i n e s h o u l d p o i n t o u t t h e b a s i c d i r e c t i o n f o r t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d p e o p l e o f a l l c o u n t r i e s .

W h i l e w o r k i n g o u t i t s s p e c i f i c l i n e a n d p o l i c i e s , i t i s m o s t i m p o r t a n t f o r e a c h C o m m u n i s t o r W o r k e r s ' P a r t y t o a d h e r e t o t h e p r i n c i p l e o f i n t e g r a t i n g t h e u n i v e r s a l t r u t h o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m w i t h t h e c o n c r e t e p r a c t i c e o f r e v o l u t i o n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n i n i t s o w n c o u n t r y .

( 4 ) I n d e f i n i n g t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t h e s t a r t i n g p o i n t i s t h e c o n c r e t e c l a s s a n a l y s i s o f w o r l d p o l i t i c s a n d e c o n o m i c s a s a w h o l e a n d o f a c t u a l w o r l d c o n d i t i o n s , t h a t i s t o s a y , o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y w o r l d .

I f o n e a v o i d s a c o n c r e t e c l a s s a n a l y s i s , s e i z e s a t r a n d o m o n c e r t a i n s u p e r f i c i a l p h e n o m e n a , a n d d r a w s s u b j e c t i v e a n d g r o u n d l e s s c o n c l u s i o n s , o n e c a n n o t p o s s i b l y r e a c h c o r r e c t c o n c l u s i o n s w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t b u t w i l l i n e v i t a b l y

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s l i d e o n t o a t r a c k e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h a t o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m .

W h a t a r e t h e f u n d a m e n t a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e c o n ­t e m p o r a r y w o r l d ? M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s c o n s i s t e n t l y h o l d t h a t t h e y a r e :

t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p a n d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p ;

t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e b o u r g e o i s i e i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s ;

t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d i m p e r i a l i s m ; a n d

t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a m o n g i m p e r i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d a m o n g m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l i s t g r o u p s .

T h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p a n d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p i s a c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t w o f u n ­d a m e n t a l l y d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s , s o c i a l i s m a n d c a p ­i t a l i s m . I t i s u n d o u b t e d l y v e r y s h a r p . B u t M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t s m u s t n o t r e g a r d t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e w o i l d a s c o n s i s t i n g s o l e l y a n d s i m p l y o f t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e ­t w e e n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p a n d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p .

T h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l b a l a n c e o f f o r c e s h a s c h a n g e d a n d h a s b e c o m e i n c r e a s i n g l y f a v o u r a b l e t o s o c i a l i s m a n d t o a l l t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r l d , a n d m o s t u n f a v o u r a b l e t o i m p e r i a l i s m a n d t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s e n u m e r a t ­e d a b o v e s t i l l o b j e c t i v e l y e x i s t .

T h e s e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a n d t h e s t r u g g l e s t o w h i c h t h e y g i v e r i s e a r e i n t e r r e l a t e d a n d i n f l u e n c e e a c h o t h e r . N o ­b o d y c a n o b l i t e r a t e a n y o f t h e s e f u n d a m e n t a l c o n t r a d i c ­t i o n s o r s u b j e c t i v e l y s u b s t i t u t e o n e f o r a l l t h e r e s t .

I t i s i n e v i t a b l e t h a t t h e s e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s w i l l g i v e r i s e t o p o p u l a r r e v o l u t i o n s , w h i c h a l o n e c a n r e s o l v e t h e m .

6

( 5 ) T h e f o l l o w i n g e r r o n e o u s v i e w s s h o u l d b e r e p u d i a t ­e d o n t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y w o r l d :

a ) t h e v i e w w h i c h b l o t s o u t t h e c l a s s c o n t e n t o f t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s o c i a l i s t a n d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p s a n d f a i l s t o s e e t h i s c o n t r a d i c t i o n a s o n e b e t w e e n s t a t e s u n d e r t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d s t a t e s u n d e r t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l i s t s ;

b ) t h e v i e w w h i c h r e c o g n i z e s o n l y t h e c o n t r a d i c ­t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s o c i a l i s t a n d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p s , w h i l e n e g l e c t i n g o r u n d e r e s t i m a t i n g t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e b o u r g e o i s i e i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t w o r l d , b e t w e e n t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d i m p e r i a l i s m , a m o n g t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d a m o n g t h e m o n o p o l y c a p ­i t a l i s t g r o u p s , a n d t h e s t r u g g l e s t o w h i c h t h e s e c o n t r a d i c ­t i o n s g i v e r i s e ;

c ) t h e v i e w w h i c h m a i n t a i n s w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e c a p i t a l i s t w o r l d t h a t t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e b o u r g e o i s i e c a n b e r e s o l v e d w i t h o u t a p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n i n e a c h c o u n t r y a n d t h a t t h e c o n ­t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d i m p e r i a l i s m c a n b e r e s o l v e d w i t h o u t r e v o l u t i o n b y t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s ;

d ) t h e v i e w w h i c h d e n i e s t h a t t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e i n h e r e n t c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y c a p i t a l i s t w o r l d i n e v i t a b l y l e a d s t o a n e w s i t u a t i o n i n w h i c h t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a r e l o c k e d i n a n i n t e n s e s t r u g g l e , a n d a s s e r t s t h a t t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a m o n g t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s c a n b e r e c o n c i l e d , o r e v e n e l i m i n a t e d , b y " i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g r e e m e n t s a m o n g t h e b i g m o n o p o l i e s " ; a n d

e ) t h e v i e w w h i c h m a i n t a i n s t h a t t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o w o i ' l d s y s t e m s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c a p i t a l -

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i s m w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y d i s a p p e a r i n t h e c o u r s e o f " e c o ­n o m i c c o m p e t i t i o n " , t h a t t h e o t h e r f u n d a m e n t a l w o r l d c o n t r a d i c t i o n s w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y do s o w i t h t h e d i s a p ­p e a r a n c e o f t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o s y s t e m s , a n d t h a t a ' * w o r l d w i t h o u t w a r s " , a n e w w o r l d o f " a l l -r o u n d c o - o p e r a t i o n " , w i l l a p p e a r .

I t i s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e s e e r r o n e o u s v i e w s i n e v i t a b l y l e a d t o e r r o n e o u s a n d h a r m f u l p o l i c i e s a n d h e n c e t o s e t b a c k s a n d l o s s e s o f o n e k i n d o r a n o t h e r t o t h e c a u s e o f t h e p e o ­p l e a n d o f s o c i a K s m .

( 6 ) T h e b a l a n c e o f f o r c e s b e t w e e n i m p e r i a l i s m a n d s o c i a l i s m h a s u n d e r g o n e a f u n d a m e n t a l c h a n g e s i n c e W o r l d W a r I I . T h e m a i n i n d i c a t i o n o f t h i s c h a n g e i s t h a t t h e w o r l d n o w h a s n o t j u s t o n e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y b u t a n u m b e r o f s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s f o r m i n g t h e m i g h t y s o c i a l i s t c a m p , a n d t h a t t h e p e o p l e w h o h a v e t a k e n t h e s o c i a l i s t r o a d n o w n u m b e r n o t t w o h u n d r e d m i l l i o n b u t a t h o u s a n d m i l l i o n , o r a t h i r d o f t h e w o r l d ' s p o p u l a t i o n .

T h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p i s t h e o u t c o m e o f t h e s t r u g g l e s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a t a n d w o r k i n g p e o p l e . I t b e ­l o n g s t o t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a t a n d w o r k i n g p e o ­p l e a s w e l l a s t o t h e p e o p l e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s .

T h e m a i n c o m m o n d e m a n d s o f t h e p e o p l e o f t h e c o u n ­t r i e s i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a ­r i a t a n d w o r k i n g p e o p l e a r e t h a t a l l t h e C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p s h o u l d :

A d h e r e t o t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e a n d p u r s u e c o r ­r e c t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t d o m e s t i c a n d f o r e i g n p o l i c i e s ;

C o n s o l i d a t e t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e w o r k e r - p e a s a n t a l l i a n c e l e d b y t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d c a r r y t h e s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n f o r w a r d t o t h e e n d o n t h e e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l f r o n t s ;

8

P r o m o t e t h e i n i t i a t i v e a n d c r e a t i v e n e s s o f t h e b r o a d m a s s e s , c a r r y o u t s o c i a l i s t c o n s t r u c t i o n i n a p l a n n e d w a y , d e v e l o p p r o d u c t i o n , i m p r o v e t h e p e o p l e ' s l i v e ­l i h o o d a n d s t r e n g t h e n n a t i o n a l d e f e n c e ;

S t r e n g t h e n t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p o n t h e b a s i s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , a n d s u p p o r t o t h e r s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s o m t h e b a s i s o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m ;

O p p o s e t h e i m p e r i a l i s t p o l i c i e s o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d w a r , a n d d e f e n d w o r l d p e a c e ;

O p p o s e t h e a n t i - C o m m u n i s t , a n t i - p o p u l a r a n d c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o n a r y p o l i c i e s o f t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s ; a n d

H e l p t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d c l a s s e s a n d n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r l d .

A l l C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p o w e i t t o t h e i r o w n p e o p l e a n d t o t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a t a n d w o r k i n g p e o p l e t o f u l f i l t h e s e d e m a n d s .

B y f u l f i l l i n g t h e s e d e m a n d s t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p w i l l e x e r t a d e c i s i v e i n f l u e n c e o n t h e c o u r s e o f h u m a n h i s t o r y .

- F o r t h i s v e r y r e a s o n , t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e a c t i o n a r i e s i n v a r i a b l y t r y i n a t h o u s a n d a n d o n e w a y s t o i n f l u e n c e t h e d o m e s t i c a n d f o r e i g n p o l i c i e s o f t h e c o u n t r i e s i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , t o u n d e r m i n e t h e c a m p a n d b r e a k u p t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e u n i t y o f C h i n a a n d t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . T h e y i n v a r i a b l y t r y t o i n f i l t r a t e a n d s u b v e r t t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d e v e n e n ­t e r t a i n t h e e x t r a v a g a n t h o p e o f d e s t r o y i n g t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p .

T h e q u e s t i o n o f w h a t i s t h e c o r r e c t a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p i s a m o s t i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n o f p r i n ­c i p l e c o n f r o n t i n g a l l C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s .

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I t i s u n d e r n e w h i s t o r i c a l c o n d i t i o n s t h a t t h e C o m ­m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s " P a r t i e s a r e n o w c a r r y i n g o n t h e t a s k o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t u n i t y a n d s t r u g g l e . W h e n o n l y o n e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y e j i i s t e d a n d w l i e n t h i s c o u n t r y w a s f a c e d w i t h h o s t i l i t y a n d j e o p a r d i z e d b y a l l t h e i m p e ­r i a l i s t s a n d i ; e a c t i o n a r i e s b e c a u s e i t f i r m l y p u r s u e d t h e c o r r e c t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e a n d p o l i c i e s , t h e t o u c h s t o n e o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m f o r e v e r y C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w a s w h e t h e r o r n o t i t r e s o l u t e l y d e f e n d e d t h e o n l y s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y . N o w t h e r e i s a s o c i a l i s t c a m p c o n s i s t i n g o f t h i r t e e n c o u n t r i e s , A l b a n i a , B u l g a r i a , C h i n a , C u b a . C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , t h e G e r m a n D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c , H u n ­g a r y , t h e D e m o c r a t i c P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f K o r e a , M o n ­g o l i a , P o l a n d , R u m a n i a , t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e D e m o c r a t i c R e p u b l i c o f V i e t N a m . U n d e r t h e s e c i r c u m ­s t a n c e s , t h e t o u c h s t o n e o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m f o r e v e r y C o m i n u n i s t P a r t y i s w h e t h e r o r n o t i t r e s o l u t e l y d e f e n d s t h e w h o l e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , w h e t h e r o r n o t i t d e f e n d s t h e u n i t y o f a l l t h e c o u n t r i e s i n t h e c a m p o n t h e b a s i s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d w h e t h e r o r n o t i t d e f e n d s t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e a n d p o l i c i e s w h i c h t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s o u g h t t u p u r s u e .

I f a n y b o d y d o e s n o t p u r s u e t h e c o i ' r e c t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e a n d p o l i c i e s , d o e s n o t d e f e n d t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o ­c i a l i s t c a m p b u t o n t h e c o n t r a r y c r e a t e s t e n s i o n a n d s p l i t s w i t h i n i t . o r e v e n f o l l o w s t h e p o l i c i e s o f t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t s , t r i e s t o l i q u i d a t e t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p o r h e l p s c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s t o a t t a c k f r a t e r n a l s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , t h e n h e i s b e t r a y i n g t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e e n t i r e i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e p e o p l e o f t h e w o r l d .

I f a n y b o d y , f o l l o w i n g i n t h e f o o t s t e p s o f o t h e r s , d e f e n d s t h e c i r o n e o u s o p p o r t u n i s t l i n o a n d p o l i c i e s p u r s u e d b y a c e r t a i n s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y i n s t e a d o f u p h o l d i n g t h e c o r r e c t

10

M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t l i n e a n d p o l i c i e s w h i c h t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s o u g h t t o p u r s u e , d e f e n d s t h e p o l i c y o f s p l i t i n ­s t e a d o f u p h o l d i n g t h e p o l i c y o f u n i t y , t h e n h e i s d e p a r t ­i n g f r o m M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a ­t i o n a l i s m .

( 7 ) T a k i n g a d v a n t a g e o f t h e s i t u a t i o n a f t e r W o r l d W a r I I , t h e U . S . i m p e r i a l i s t s s t e p p e d i n t o t h e s h o e s o f t h e G e r m a n , I t a l i a n a n d J a p a n e s e f a s c i s t s , a n d h a v e b e e n t r y i n g t o e r e c t a h u g e w o r l d e m p i r e s u c h a s h a s n e v e r b e e n k n o w n b e f o r e . T h e s t r a t e g i c o b j e c t i v e s o f U . S . i m ­p e r i a l i s m h a v e b e e n t o g r a b a n d d o m i n a t e t h e i n t e r ­m e d i a t e z o n e l y i n g b e t w e e n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , p u t d o w n t h e r e v o l u t i o n s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s , p r o c e e d t o d e s t r o y t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , a n d t h u s t o s u b j e c t a l l t h e p e o p l e s a n d c o u n ­t r i e s o f t h e w o r l d , i n c l u d i n g i t s a l l i e s , t o d o m i n a t i o n a n d e n s l a v e m e n t b y U . S . m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l .

E v e r s i n c e W o r l d W a r I I , t h e U . S . i m p e r i a l i s t s h a v e b e e n c o n d u c t i n g p r o p a g a n d a f o r w a r a g a i n s t t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p . T h e r e a r e t w o a s p e c t s t o t h i s p r o p a g a n d a . W h i l e t h e U . S . i m p e r i a l i s t s a r e a c t u a l ­l y p r e p a r i n g s u c h a w a r , t h e y a l s o u s e t h i s p r o p a g a n d a a s a s m o k e s c r e e n f o r t h e i r o p p r e s s i o n o f t h e A m e r i c a n p e o p l e a n d f o r t h e e x t e n s i o n o f t h e i r a g g r e s s i o n a g a i n s t t h e r e s t o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t w o r l d .

T h e 1 9 ( i 0 S t a t e m e n t p o i n t s o u t : " U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m h a s b e c o m e t h e b i g g e s t i n t e r n a t i o n a l

e x p l o i t e r . " " T h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i s t h e m a i n s t a y o f c o l o n i a l i s m

t o d a y . " " U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m i s t h e m a i n f o r c e o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d

w a r . " 11

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" I n t e r n a t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t s i n r e c e n t y e a r s h a v e f u r ­n i s h e d m a n y n e w p r o o f s o f t h e f a c t t h a t U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m i s t h e c h i e f b u l w a r k o f w o r l d r e a c t i o n a n d a n i n t e r n a ­t i o n a l g e n d a r m e , t h a t i t h a s b e c o m e a n e n e m y o f t h e p e o p l e s o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d . "

U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m i s p r e s s i n g i t s p o l i c i e s o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d w a r a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d , b u t t h e o u t c o m e i s b o u n d t o b e t h e o p p o s i t e o f t h a t i n t e n d e d — i t w i l l o n l y b e t o h a s t e n t h e a w a k e n i n g o f t h e p e o p l e i n a l l c o u n t r i e s a n d t o h a s t e n t h e i r r e v o l u t i o n s .

T h e U . S . i m p e r i a l i s t s h a v e t h u s p l a c e d t h e m s e l v e s i n o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e p e o p l e o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d a n d h a v e b e c o m e e n c i r c l e d b y t h e m . T h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o l e t a ­r i a t m u s t a n d c a n u n i t e a l l t h e f o r c e s t h a t c a n b e u n i t e d , m a k e u s e o f t h e i n t e r n a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e e n e m y c a m p a n d e s t a b l i s h t h e b r o a d e s t u n i t e d f r o n t a g a i n s t t h e U . S . i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e i r l a c k e y s .

T h e r e a l i s t i c a n d c o r r e c t c o u r s e i s t o e n t r u s t t h e f a t e o f t h e p e o p l e a n d o f m a n k i n d t o t h e u n i t y a n d s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r l d p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t o t h e u n i t y a n d s t r u g g l e o f t h e p e o p l e i n a l l c o u n t r i e s .

C o n v e r s e l y , t o m a k e n o d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n e n e m i e s , f r i e n d s a n d o u r s e l v e s a n d t o e n t r u s t t h e f a t e o f t h e p e o ­p l e a n d o f m a n k i n d t o c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m i s t o l e a d p e o p l e a s t r a y . T h e e v e n t s o f t h e l a s t f e w y e a r s h a v e e x p l o d e d t h i s i l l u s i o n .

( 8 ) T h e v a r i o u s t y p e s o f c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e c o n ­t e m p o r a r y w o r l d a r e c o n c e n t r a t e d i n t h e v a s t a r e a s o f A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a ; t h e s e a r e t h e m o s t v u l ­n e r a b l e a r e a s u n d e r i m p e r i a l i s t r u l e a n d t h e s t o r m -c e n t r e s o f w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n d e a l i n g d i r e c t b l o w s a t i m p e ­r i a l i s m .

12

T h e n a t i o n a l d e m o c r a t i c r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t i n t h e s e a r e a s a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t "are t h e t w o g r e a t h i s t o r i c a l c u r r e n t s o f o u r t i m e .

T h e n a t i o n a l d e m o c r a t i c r e v o l u t i o n i n t h e s e a r e a s i s a n i m p o r t a n t c o m p o n e n t o f t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y p r o l e t a r i a n w o i i d r e v o l u t i o n .

T h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e p e o ­p l e i n A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a a r e p o u n d i n g a n d u n d e r m i n i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n s o f t h e r u l e o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d c o l o n i a l i s m , o l d a n d n e w , a n d a r e n o w a m i g h t y f o r c e i n d e f e n c e o f w o r l d p e a c e .

I n a s e n s e , t h e r e f o r e , t h e w h o l e c a u s e o f t h e i n t e i ' n a -t i o n a l p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n h i n g e s o n t h e o u t c o m e o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e p e o p l e o f t h e s e a r e a s , w h o c o n s t i t u t e t h e o v e r w h e l m i n g m a j o r i t y o f t h e w o r l d ' s p o p u l a t i o n .

T h e r e f o r e , t h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e o f t h e p e o p l e i n A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a i s d e f i n i t e l y n o t m e r e l y a m a t t e r o f r e g i o n a l s i g n i f i c a n c e b u t o n e o f o v e r a l l i m p o r t a n c e f o r t h e w h o l e c a u s e o f p r o l e t a r i a n w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n .

C e r t a i n p e r s o n s n o w g o s o f a r a s t o d e n y t h e g r e a t i n t e r n a t i o n a l s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e A s i a n , A f r i c a n a n d L a t i n A m e r ­i c a n p e o p l e s a n d , o n t h e p r e t e x t o f b r e a k i n g d o w n t h e b a r r i e r s o f n a t i o n a l i t y , c o l o u r a n d g e o g r a p h i c a l l o c a t i o n , a r e t r y i n g t h e i r b e s t t o e f f a c e t h e l i n e o f d e m a r c a t i o n b e t w e e n o p p r e s s e d a n d o p p r e s s o r n a t i o n s a n d b e t w e e n o p p r e s s e d a n d o p p r e s s o r c o u n t r i e s a n d t o h o l d d o w n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e p e o p l e s i n t h e s e a r e a s . I n f a c t , t h e y c a t e r t o t h e n e e d s o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d c r e a t e a n e w " t h e o r y " t o j u s t i f y t h e r u l e o f i m p e r i a l i s m i n

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these areas and the promotion of its policies of old and new colonialism. Actually, this " theory" seeks not to break down the barriers of nationality, colour and geographical location but to maintain the rule of the "superior nations" over the oppressed nations. It is only natural that this fraudulent "theory'" is rejected by the people in these areas.

The working class in every socialist country and in every capitalist country must truly put into effect the fighting slogans, "Workers of all countries, unite!" and "Workers and oppressed nations of the world, unite!"; it must study the revolutionary experience of the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America, firmly support their revolutionary actions and regard the cause of their libera­tion as a most dependable support for itself and as direct­ly in accord with its own interests. This is the only effective way to break down the barriers of nationality, colour and geographical location and this is the only genuine proletarian internationalism.

It is impossible for the working class in the European and American capitalist countries to liberate itself un­less it unites with the oppressed nations and unless those nations are liberated. Lenin rightly said,

The revolutionary movement in the advanced coun­tries would actually be a sheer fraud if, in their struggle against capital, the workers of Europe and America were not closely and completely united with the hundreds upon hundreds of millions of "colonj'al" slaves who are oppressed by capital.^ 1 L e n i n , " T h e S e c o n d C o n g r e s s ot t h e C o m m u n L s l I n t c r n a U o n a l " ,

Sclcflcd Works, Furei j^n Lani^ui iges P u b l ' s h i n g H o u s e , Mo.'icow, iy:j2, Vo l . I [ , P a r t 2. pp , 472-73.

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Certain persons in the international communist move­ment are now taking a passive or scornful or negative att i tude towards the struggles of the oppressed nations for liberation. They are in fact protecting the interests of monopoly capital, betraying those of the proletariat, and degenerating into social democrats.

The att i tude taken towards the revolutionary struggles of the people in the Asian, African and Latin American countries is an important criterion for differentiating those who want revolution from those who do not and those who are truly defending world peace from those who are abetting the forces of aggression and war.

(9) The oppressed nations and peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America are faced with the urgent task of fighting imperialism and its lackeys.

History has entrusted to the proletarian parties in these areas the glorious mission of holding high the banner of struggle against imperialism, against old and new colo­nialism and for national independence and people's democracy, of standing in the forefront of the national democratic revolutionary movement and striving for a socialist future.

In these areas, extremely broad sections of the popula­tion refuse to be slaves of imperialism. They include not only the workers, peasants, intellectuals and petty bourgeoisie, but also the patriotic national bourgeoisie and even certain kings, princes and aristocrats, who are patriotic.

The proletariat and its party must have confidence in the strength of the masses and, above all. must unite with the peasants and establish a solid woike r -peasnn t alliance. It is of primary importance for advanced mem­bers of the proletaJ'iat to work in the rural areas, help

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the peasants to get organized, and raise their class con­sciousness and their national self-respect and self-confidence.

On the basis of the worker-peasant alliance the proleta­riat and its par ty must unite all the strata that can be united and organize a broad united front against impe­rialism and its lackeys. In order to consolidate and ex­pand this united front it is necessary that the proleta­rian party should maintain its ideological, political and organizational independence and insist on the leadership of the revolution.

The proletarian party and the revolutionary people must learn to master all forms of struggle, including armed struggle. They must defeat counter-revolutionary armed force with revolutionary armed force whenever imperialism and its lackeys resort to armed suppression.

The nationalist countries which have recently won political independence are still confronted with the arduous tasks of consolidating it, liquidating the forces of imperialism and domestic reaction, carrying out agra­rian and other social reforms and developing their na­tional economy and culture. It is of practical and vital importance for these countries to guard and fight against the neo-colonialist policies which the old colonialists adopt to preserve their interests, and especially against the neo-colonialism of U.S. imperialism.

In some of these countries, the patriotic national bour­geoisie continue to stand with the masses in the struggle against imperialism and colonialism and introduce certain measures of social progress. This requires the pioleta-rian party to make a full appraisal of the progressive role of the patriotic national bourgeoisie and strengthen unity with them.

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As the internal social contradictions and the interna­tional class struggle sharpen, the- bourgeoisie, and partic­ularly the big bourgeoisie, in some newly independent countries increasingly tend to become retainers of impe­rialism and to pursue anti-popular, anti-Communist and counter-revolutionary policies. It is necessary for the proletarian party resolutely to oppose these reactionary policies.

Generally speaking, the bourgeoisie in these countries have a dual character. When a united front is formed with the bourgeoisie, the policy of the proletarian party should be one of both unity and struggle. The policy should be to unite with the bourgeoisie, in so far as they tend to be progressive, anti-imperialist and anti-feudal, but to struggle against their reactionary tendencies to compromise and collaborate with imperialism and the forces of feudalism.

On the national question the world outlook of the proletarian party is internationalism, and not national­ism. In the revolutionary struggle it supports progres­sive nationalism and opposes reactionary nationalism. It must always draw a clear line of demarcation betv/een itself and bourgeois nationalism, to which it must never fail captive.

The 1960 Statement says, Communists expose attempts by the reactionary sec­

tion of the bourgeoisie to represent its selfish, narrow class interests as those of the entire nation; they ex­pose the demagogic use by bourgeois politicians of so­cialist slogans for the same purpose. . . . If the proletariat becomes the tail of the landlords

and bourgeoisie in the revolution, no real or thorough 17

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v i c t o r y i n t h e n a t i o n a l d e m o c r a t i c r e v o l u t i o n i s p o s s i b l e , a n d e v e n i f v i c t o r y o f a k i n d i s g a i n e d , i t w i l l b e i m ­p o s s i b l e t o c o n s o l i d a t e i t .

I n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d p e o p l e s , t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y m u s t p u t f o r w a r d a p r o g r a m m e o f i t s o w n w h i c h i s t h o r o u g h l y a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m a n d d o m e s t i c l e a c t i o n a n d f o r n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d p e o p l e ' s d e m o c r a c y , a n d i t m u s t w o r k i n d e p e n d e n t l y a m o n g t h e m a s s e s , c o n s t a n t l y e x p a n d t h e p r o g r e s s i v e f o r c e s , w i n o v e r t h e m i d d l e f o r c e s a n d i s o l a t e t h e r e a c t i o n a r y f o r c e s ; o n l y t h u s c a n i t c a r r y t h e n a t i o n a l d e m o c r a t i c r e v o l u t i o n t h r o u g h t o t h e e n d a n d g u i d e t h e r e v o l u t i o n o n t o t h e r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m .

( 1 0 ) I n t h e i m p e r i a l i s t a n d t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n a n d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a r e e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e t h o r o u g h r e s o l u t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s o f c a p i t a l i s t s o c i e t y .

I n s t r i v i n g t o a c c o m p l i s h t h i s t a s k t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y m u s t u n d e r t h e p r e s e n t c i r c u m s t a n c e s a c t i v e l y l e a d t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e i n s t r u g g l e s t o o p p o s e m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l , t o d e f e n d d e m o c r a t i c r i g h t s , t o o p p o s e t h e m e n a c e o f f a s c i s m , t o i m p r o v e l i v i n g c o n d i ­t i o n s , t o o p p o s e i m p e r i a l i s t a r m s e x p a n s i o n a n d w a r p r e p a r a t i o n s , t o d e f e n d w o r l d p e a c e a n d a c t i v e l y t o s u p ­p o r t t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s .

I n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s w h i c h U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m c o n ­t r o l s o r i s t r y i n g t o c o n t r o l , t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d t h e p e o p l e s h o u l d d i r e c t t h e i r a t t a c k s m a i n l y a g a i n s t U . S . i m p e i i a l i s m , b u t a l s o a g a i n s t t h e i r o w n m o n o p o l y c a p ­i t a l i s t s a n d o t h e r r e a c t i o n a r y f o i ' c e s w h o a r e b e t r a y i n g t h e n a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s .

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L a r g e - s c a l e m a s s s t r u g g l e s i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s i n r e c e n t y e a r s h a v e s h o w n t h a t t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d w o r k i n g p e o p l e a r e e x p e r i e n c i n g a n e w a w a k e n i n g . T h e i r s t r u g g l e s , w h i c h a r e d e a l i n g b l o w s a t m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l a n d r e a c t i o n , h a v e o p e n e d b r i g h t p r o s p e c t s f o r t h e r e v ­o l u t i o n a r y c a u s e i n t h e i r o w n c o u n t r i e s a n d a r e a l s o a p o w e r f u l s u p p o r t f o r t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e A s i a n , A f r i c a n a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a n p e o p l e s a n d f o r t h e c o u n t r i e s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p .

T h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t i e s i n i m p e r i a l i s l o r c a p i t a l i s t c o u n ­t r i e s m u s t m a i n t a i n t h e i r o w n i d e o l o g i c a l , p o l i t i c a l a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e i n l e a d i n g r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s . A t t h e s a m e t i m e , t h e y m u s t u n i t e a l l t h e f o r c e s t h a t c a n b e u n i t e d a n d b u i l d a b r o a d u n i t e d f r o n t a g a i n s t m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l a n d a g a i n s t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t p o l i c i e s o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d w a r .

W h i l e a c t i v e l y l e a d i n g i m m e d i a t e s t r u g g l e s , C o m ­m u n i s t s i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s s h o u l d l i n k t h e m w i t h t h e s t r u g g l e f o r l o n g - r a n g e a n d g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t s , e d u c a t e t h e m a s s e s i n a M a r x i s t - T j e n i n i s t r e v o l u t i o n a r y s p i r i t , c e a s e l e s s l y r a i s e t h e i r p o l i t i c a l c o n s c i o u s n e s s a n d u n d e r ­t a k e t h e h i s t o r i c a l t a s k o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n . I f t h e y f a i l t o d o s o , i f t h e y r e g a r d t h e i m m e d i a t e m o v e ­m e n t a s e v e r y t h i n g , d e t e r m i n e t h e i r c o n d u c t f r o m c a s e t o c a s e , a d a p t t h e m s e l v e s t o t h e e v e n t s o f t h e d a y a n d s a c r i f i c e t h e b a s i c i n t e r e s t s o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , t h a t i s o u t -a n d - o u t s o c i a l d e m o c r a c y .

S o c i a l d e m o c r a c y i s a b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g i c a l t r e n d . L e n i n p o i n t e d o u t l o n g a g o t h a t t h e s o c i a l d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s a r e p o l i t i c a l d e t a c h m e n t s o f t h e b o u r g e o i s i e , i t s a g e n t s i n t h e w o i ' k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t a n d i t s p r i n c i p a l s o c i a l p r o p . C o m m u n i s t s m u s t a t a l l t i m e s d r a w a c l e a r l i n e o f d e m a r c a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e m s e l v e s a n d s o c i a l d e m o c r a t i c

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p a i t i e s o n t h e b a s i c q u e s t i o n o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u ­t i o n r . n d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d l i q u i d a t e t h e i d e o l o g i c a l i n f l u e n c e o f s o c i a l d e m o c r a c y i n t h e i n t e ? -n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t a n d a m o n g t h e w o r k ­i n g p e o p l e . B e y o n d a n y s h a d o w o f d o u b t . C o m m u n i ; ; t s m u s t w i n o v e r t h e m a s s e s u n d e r t h e i n f l u e n c e o t t h e s o c i a l d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s a n d m u s t w i n o v e r t h o s e l e f t a n d m i d d l e e l e m e n t s i n t h e s o c i a l d e m o c r a t i c p a r t i e s w h o a r e w i l l i n g t o o p p o s e d o m e s t i c m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l a n d d o m i n a t i o n b y f o r e i g n i m p e r i a l i s m , a n d m u s t u n i t e w i t h t h e m i n e x t e n s i v e j o i n t a c t i o n i n t h e d a y - t o - d a y s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t a n d i n t h e s t r u g g l e t o d e f e n d w o r l d p e a c e .

I n o r d e r t o l e a d t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d w o r k i n g p e o p l e i n r e v o l u t i o n , M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s m u s t m a s t e r a l l f o r m s o f s t r u g g l e a n d b e a b l e t o s u b s t i t u t e o n e f o r m f o r a n o t h e r q u i c k l y a s t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f s t r u g g l e c h a n g e . T h e v a n g u a r d o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t w i l l r e m a i n u n c o n ­q u e r a b l e i n a l l c i r c u m s t a n c e s o n l y i f i t m a s t e r s a l l f o r m s o f s t r u g g l e — p e a c e f u l a n d a r m e d , o p e n a n d s e c r e t , l e g a l a n d i l l e g a l , p a r l i a m e n t a r y s t r u g g l e a n d m a s s s t r u g g l e , e t c . I t i s w r o n g t o r e f u s e t o u s e p a r l i a m e n t a r y a n d o t h e r l e g a l f o r m s o f s t r u g g l e w h e n t h e y c a n a n d s h o u l d b e u s e d . H o w e v e r , i f a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t y f a l l s i n t o l e g a l i s m o r p a r l i a m e n t a r y c r e t i n i s m , c o n f i n i n g t h e s t r u g g l e w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s p e r m i t t e d b y t h e b o u r g e o i s i e , t h i s w i l l i n e v i t a b l y l e a d t o r e n o u n c i n g t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n a n d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t .

( 1 1 ) O n t h e q u e s t i o n o f t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s m t o s o c i a l i s m , t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y m u s t p i - o c e e d f r o m t h e s t a n d o t c l a s s s t r u g g l e a n d r e v o l u t i o n a n d b a s e i t s e l f o n t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t e a c h i n g s c o n c e r n i n g t h e p r o l e t a r i a n l e v o l u t i o n a n d t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t .

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C o m m u n i s t s w o u l d a l w a y s p r e f e r t o b r i n g a b o u t t h e t r a n s i t i o n t o s o c i a l i s m b y p e a c e f u l m e a n s . B u t c a n p e a c e ­f u l t r a n s i t i o n b e m a d e i n t o a n e w w o r l d - w i d e s t r a t e g i c p r i n c i p l e f o r t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t ? A b s o l u t e l y n o t .

M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m c o n s i s t e n t l y h o l d s t h a t t h e f u n d a ­m e n t a l q u e s t i o n i n a l l r e v o l u t i o n s i s t h a t o f s t a t e p o w e r . T h e 1 9 5 7 D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e 1 9 6 0 S t a t e m e n t b o t h c l e a r ­l y p o i n t o u t . " L e n i n i s m t e a c h e s , a n d e x p e r i e n c e c o n ­f i r m s , t h a t t h e r u l i n g c l a s s e s n e v e r r e l i n q u i s h p o w e r v o ­l u n t a r i l y . " T h e o l d g o v e r n m e n t n e v e r t o p p l e s e v e n i n a p e r i o d o f c r i s i s , u n l e s s i t i s p u s h e d . T h i s i s a u n i v e r s a l l a w o f c l a s s s t r u g g l e .

I n s p e c i f i c h i s t o r i c a l c o n d i t i o n s , M a r x a n d L e n i n d i d r a i s e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t r e v o l u t i o n m a y d e v e l o p p e a c e ­f u l l y . B u t , a s L e n i n p o i n t e d o u t , t h e p e a c e f u l d e v e l o p ­m e n t o f r e v o l u t i o n i s a n o p p o r t u n i t y " v e r y s e l d o m t o b e m e t w i t h i n t h e h i s t o r y o f r e v o l u t i o n s " .

A s a m a t t e r o f f a c t , t h e r e i s n o h i s t o r i c a l p r e c e d e n t f o r p e a c e f u l t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s m t o s o c i a l i s m .

C e r t a i n p e r s o n s s a y t h e r e w a s n o p r e c e d e n t w h e n M a r x f o r e t o l d t h a t s o c i a l i s m w o u l d i n e v i t a b l y r e p l a c e c a p i t a l i s m . T h e n w h y c a n w e n o t p r e d i c t a p e a c e f u l t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s m t o s o c i a l i s m d e s p i t e t h e a b s e n c e o f a p r e c e d e n t ?

T h i s p a r a l l e l i s a b s u r d . E m p l o y i n g d i a l e c t i c a l a n d h i s ­t o r i c a l m a t e r i a l i s m , M a r x a n a l y s e d t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s o f c a p i t a l i s m , d i s c o v e r e d t h e o b j e c t i v e l a w s o f d e v e l o p m e n t o f h u m a n s o c i e t y a n d a r r i v e d a t a s c i e n t i f i c c o n c l u s i o n , w h e r e a s t h e p r o p h e t s w h o p i n a l l t h e i r h o p e s o n " p e a c e f u l t r a n s i t i o n " p r o c e e d f r o m h i s t o r i c a l i d e a l i s m , i g n o r e t h e m o s t f u n d a m e n t a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s o f c a p i t a l i s m , r e p u d i a t e t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t e a c h i n g s o n c l a s s s t r u g g l e , a n d a r r i v e a t a s u b j e c t i v e a n d g r o u n d l e s s c o n c l u s i o n . H o w

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c a n p e o p l e w h o r e p u d i a t e M a r x i s m g e t a n y h e l p f r o m M a r x ?

I t i s p l a i n t o e v e r y o n e t h a t t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a r e s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e i r s t a t e m a c h i n e r y — a n d e s p e c i a l l y t h e i r m i l i t a r y a p p a r a t u s — t h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f w h i c h i s t o s u p p r e s s t h e p e o p l e i n t h e i r o w n c o u n t r i e s .

T h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y m u s t n e v e r b a s e i t s t h i n k i n g , i t s p o l i c i e s f o r r e v o l u t i o n a n d i t s e n t i r e w o r k o n t h e a s s u m p ­t i o n t h a t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e a c t i o n a r i e s w i l l a c c e p t p e a c e f u l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n .

T h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y m u s t p r e p a r e i t s e l f f o r t w o e v e n ­t u a l i t i e s — w h i l e p r e p a r i n g f o r a p e a c e f u l d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n , i t m u s t a l s o f u l l y p r e p a r e f o r a n o n -p e a c e f u l d e v e l o p m e n t . I t s h o u l d c o n c e n t r a t e o n t h e p a i n s t a k i n g w o r k o f a c c u m u l a t i n g r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r e n g t h , s o t h a t i t w i l l b e r e a d y t o s e i z e v i c t o r y w h e n t h e c o n d i ­t i o n s f o r r e v o l u t i o n a r e r i p e o r t o s t r i k e p o w e r f u l b l o w s a t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s w h e n t h e y l a u n c h s u r p r i s e a t t a c k s a n d a r m e d a s s a u l t s .

I f i t f a i l s t o m a k e s u c h p r e p a i - a t i o n s , t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y w i l l p a r a l y s e t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y w i l l o f t h e p r o l e ­t a r i a t , d i s a r m i t s e l f i d e o l o g i c a l l y a n d s i n k i n t o a t o t a l l y p a s s i v e s t a t e o f u n p r e p a r e d n e s s b o t h p o l i t i c a l l y a n d o r ­g a n i z a t i o n a l l y , a n d t h e r e s u l t w i l l b e t o b u r y t h e p r o l e ­t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n a r y c a u s e .

( 1 2 ) A l l s o c i a l r e v o l u t i o n s i n t h e v a r i o u s s t a g e s o f t h e h i s t o r y o f m a n k i n d a r e h i s t o r i c a l l y i n e v i t a b l e a n d a r e g o v e r n e d b y o b j e c t i v e l a w s i n d e p e n d e n t o f m a n ' s w i l l . M o r e o v e r , h i s t o r y s h o w s t h a t t h e r e n e v e r w a s a r e v o l u ­t i o n w h i c h w a s a b l e t o a c h i e v e v i c t o r y w i t h o u t z i g z a g s a n d s a c r i f i c e s .

W i t h M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t h e o r y a s t h e b a s i s , t h e t a s k o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y i s t o a n a l y s e t h e c o n c r e t e h i s -

2 2

t o r i c a l c o n d i t i o n s , p u t f o r w a r d t h e c o r r e c t s t r a t e g y a n d t a c t i c s , a n d g u i d e t h e m a s s e s i n b y p a s s i n g h i d d e n r e e f s , a v o i d i n g u n n e c e s s a r y s a c r ' l f i c e s a n d r e a c h i n g t h e g o a l s t e p b y s t e p . I s i t p o s s i b l e t o a v o i d s a c r i f i c e s a l t o g e t h e r ? S u c h i s n o t t h e c a s e w i t h t h e s l a v e r e v o l u t i o n s , t h e s e r f r e v o l u t i o n s , t h e b o u r g e o i s r e v o l u t i o n s , o r t h e n a t i o n a l r e v o l u t i o n s ; n o r i s i t t h e c a s e w i t h p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u t i o n s . E v e n i f t h e g u i d i n g l i n e o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n i s c o r r e c t , i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o h a v e a s u r e g u a r a n t e e a g a i n s t s e t b a c k s a n d s a c r i f i c e s i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n . S o l o n g a s a c o r r e c t l i n e i s a d h e r e d t o , t h e r e v o l u t i o n i s b o u n d t o t r i u m p h i n t h e e n d . T o a b a n d o n r e v o l u t i o n o n t h e p r e ­t e x t o f a v o i d i n g s a c r i f i c e s i s i n r e a l i t y t o d e m a n d t h a t t h e p e o p l e s h o u l d f o r e v e r r e m a i n s l a v e s a n d e n d u r e i n ­f i n i t e p a i n a n d s a c r i f i c e .

E l e m e n t a r y k n o w l e d g e o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m t e l l s u s t h a t t h e b i r t h p a n g s o f a r e v o l u t i o n a r e f a r l e s s p a i n f u l t h a n t h e c h r o n i c a g o n y o f t h e o l d s o c i e t y . L e n i n r i g h t l y s a i d t h a t " e v e n w i t h t h e m o s t p e a c e f u l c o u r s e o f e v e n t s , t h e p r e s e n t [ c a p i t a l i s t ] s y s t e m a l w a y s a n d i n e v i t a b l y e x a c t s c o u n t l e s s s a c r i f i c e s f r o m t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s " . ^

W h o e v e r c o n s i d e r s a r e v o l u t i o n c a n b e m a d e o n l y i f e v e r y t h i n g i s p l a i n s a i l i n g , o n l y i f t h e r e i s a n a d v a n c e g u a r a n t e e a g a i n s t s a c r i f i c e s a n d f a i l u r e , i s c e r t a i n l y n o r e v o l u t i o n a r y .

H o w e v e r d i f f i c u l t t h e c o n d i t i o n s a n d w h a t e v e r s a c r i f i c e s a n d d e f e a t s t h e r e v o l u t i o n m a y s u f f e r , p r o l e t a r i a n r e v o l u ­t i o n a r i e s s h o u l d e d u c a t e t h e m a s s e s i n t h e s p i r i t o f r e v o l u ­t i o n a n d h o l d a l o f t t h e b a n n e r o f r e v o l u t i o n a n d n o t a b a n d o n i t .

1 L e n i n , " A n o t h e r M a . s s a c ] - e " , Collected Works, F L P H , M o s c o w . 1 9 6 1 , V o l . V , p . 25.

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It would be "Left" adventurism if the proletarian party should rashly launch a revolution before the objective conditions are ripe. But it would be Right opportunism if the proletarian party should not dare to lead a revolu­tion and to seize state power when the objective condi­tions are ripe.

Even in ordinary times, when it is leading the masses in the day-to-day struggle, the proletarian party should ideologically, politically and organizationally prepare its own ranks and the masses for revolution and promote revolutionary struggles, so that it will not miss the op­portunity to overthrow the reactionary regime and estab­lish- a new state power when the conditions for revolu­tion are ripe. Otherwise, when the objective conditions are ripe, the proletarian party will simply throw away the opportunity of seizing victory.

The proletarian party must be flexible as well as highly principled, and on occasion it must make such compro­mises as are necessary in the interests of the revolution. But it must never abandon principled policies and the goal of revolution on the pretext of flexibility and of necessary compromises.

The proletarian party must lead the masses in waging struggles against the enemies, and it must know how to utilize the contradictions among those enemies. But the purpose of using these contradictions is to make it easier to attain the goal of the people's revolutionary struggles and not to liquidate these struggles.

Countless facts have proved that, wherever the dark rule of imperialism and reaction exists, the people who form over ninety per cent of the population will sooner cr later rise in revolution.

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If Communists isolate themselves from the levolution-ary demands of the masses, they are bound to lose the confidence of the masses and will be tossed to the rear by the revolutionary current.

If the leading group in any Party adopt a non-revolu­tionary line and convert it into a reformist party, then Marxist-Leninists inside and outside the Party will re­place them and lead the people in making revolution. In another kind of situation, the bourgeois revolutionaries will come forward to lead the revolution and the party of the proletariat will forfeit its leadership of the revolu­tion. When the reactionary bourgeoisie betray the revolution and suppress the people, an opportunist line will cause tragic and unnecessary losses to the Commu­nists and the revolutionary masses.

If Communists slide down the path of opportunism, they will degenerate into bourgeois nationalists and be­come appendages of the imperialists and the reactionary bourgeoisie.

There are certain persons who assert that they have made the greatest creative contributions to revolutionary theory since' Lenin and that they alone are correct. But it is very dubious whether they have ever really given consideration to the extensive experience of the entire world communist movement, whether they have ever really considered the interests, the goal and tasks of the international proletarian movement as a whole, and whether they really have a general line for the inter­national communist movement which conforms with Marxism-Leninism.

In the last few years the international communist move­ment and the national liberation movement have had many experiences and many lessons. There are experi-

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e n c e s w h i c h p e o p l e s h o u l d p r a i s e a n d t h e r e a r e e x p e r i ­e n c e s w h i c h m a k e p e o p l e g r i e v e . C o m m u n i s t s a n d r e v ­o l u t i o n a r i e s i n a l l c o u n t r i e s s h o u l d p o n d e r a n d s e r i o u s l y s t u d y t h e s e e x p e r i e n c e s o f s u c c e s s a n d f a i l u r e , s o a s t o d r a w c o r r e c t c o n c l u s i o n s a n d u s e f u l l e s s o n s f r o m t h e m .

( 1 3 ) T h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s s u p p o r t a n d a s s i s t e a c h o t h e r .

T h e n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s o f A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t s o f t h e p e o p l e i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a r e a s t r o n g s u p p o r t t o t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . I t i s c o m p l e t e l y w r o n g t o d e n y t h i s .

T h e o n l y a t t i t u d e f o r t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s t o a d o p t t o w a r d s t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o ­p l e s a n d n a t i o n s i s o n e o f w a r m s y m p a t h y a n d a c t i v e s u p p o r t ; t h e y m u s t n o t a d o p t a p e r f u n c t o r y a t t i t u d e , o r o n e o f n a t i o n a l s e l f i s h n e s s o r o f g r e a t - p o w e r c h a u v i n i s m .

L e n i n s a i d , " A l l i a n c e w i t h t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r i e s o f t h e a d v a n c e d c o u n t r i e s a n d w i t h a l l t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a g a i n s t a n y a n d a l l t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s — s u c h i s t h e e x t e r n a l p o l i c y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . ' " W h o e v e r f a i l s t o * u n d e r s t a n d t h i s p o i n t a n d c o n s i d e r s t h a t t h e s u p p o r t a n d a i d g i v e n b y t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s t o t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a ­t i o n s a r e a b u r d e n o r c h a r i t y i s g o i n g c o u n t e r t o M a r x i s m -L e n i n i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m .

T h e s u p e r i o r i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m a n d t h e a c h i e v e ­m e n t s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s i n c o n s t r u c t i o n p l a y a n e x e m p l a r y r o l e a n d a r e a n i n s p i r a t i o n t o t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s .

1 Lenin, '"The External Policy of the Russian Revolution", C o l l e c t e d W o r k s , 4th Russian edition, State Pubhshing House tor Political Literature, 1949, Moscow, Vol. X X V , p. 69.

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B u t t h i s e x e m p l a r y r o l e a n d i n s p i r a t i o n c a n n e v e r r e ­p l a c e t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s . N o o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e o r n a t i o n c a n w i n l i b e r a t i o n e x c e p t t h r o u g h i t s o w n s t a u n c h r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e .

C e r t a i n p e r s o n s h a v e o n e - s i d e d l y e x a g g e r a t e d t h e r o l e o f p e a c e f u l c o m p e t i t i o n b e t w e e n s o c i a l i s t a n d i m p e r i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s i n t h e i r a t t e m p t t o s u b s t i t u t e p e a c e f u l c o m p e t i ­t i o n f o r t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o ­p l e s a n d n a t i o n s . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r p r e a c h i n g , i t w o u l d s e e m t h a t i m p e r i a l i s m w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y c o l l a p s e i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h i s p e a c e f u l c o m p e t i t i o n a n d t h a t t h e o n l y t h i n g t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s h a v e t o d o i s t o w a i t q u i e t l y f o r t h e a d v e n t o f t h i s d a y . W h a t d o e s t h i s h a v e i n c o m m o n w i t h M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t v i e w s ?

M o r e o v e r , c e r t a i n p e r s o n s h a v e c o n c o c t e d t h e s t r a n g e t a l e t h a t C h i n a a n d s o m e o t h e r s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s w a n t " t o u n l e a s h w a r s " a n d t o s p r e a d s o c i a l i s m b y " w a r s b e t w e e n s t a t e s " . A s t h e S t a t e m e n t o f 1 9 6 0 p o i n t s o u t , s u c h t a l e s a r e n o t h i n g b u t i m p e r i a l i s t a n d r e a c t i o n a r y s l a n d e r s . T o p u t i t b l u n t l y , t h e p u r p o s e o f t h o s e w h o I ' e p e a t t h e s e s l a n d e r s i s t o h i d e t h e f a c t t h a t t h e y a r e o p p o s e d t o r e v ­o l u t i o n s b y t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r l d a n d o p p o s e d t o o t h e r s s u p p o r t i n g s u c h r e v o l u t i o n s .

( 1 4 ) I n t h e l a s t f e w y e a r s m u c h — i n f a c t a g r e a t d e a l — h a s b e e n s a i d o n t h e q u e s t i o n o f w a r a n d p e a c e . O u r v i e w s a n d p o l i c i e s o n t h i s q u e s t i o n a r e k n o w n t o t h e w o r l d , a n d n o o n e c a n d i s t o r t t h e m .

I t i s a p i t y t h a t a l t h o u g h c e r t a i n p e r s o n s i n t h e i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t a l k a b o u t h o w m u c h t h e y l o v e p e a c e a n d h a t e w a r , L h e y a r e u n w i l l i n g t o a c q u i r e e v e n a f a i n t u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e s i m p l e t r u t h o n w a r p o i n t e d o u t b y L e n i n .

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L e n i n s a i d ,

I t s e e m s t o m c t h a t t h e m a i n t h i n g t h a t i s u s u a l l y -f o r g o t t e n o n t h e q u e s t i o n o f w a r , w h i c h r e c e i v e s i n ­a d e q u a t e a t t e n t i o n , t h e m a i n r e a s o n w h y t h e r e i s s o m u c h c o n t r o v e r s y , a n d , I w o u l d s a y , f u t i l e , h o p e l e s s a n d a i m l e s s c o n t r o v e r s y , i s t h a t p e o p l e f o r g e t t h e f u n d a ­m e n t a l q u e s t i o n o f t h e c l a s s c h a r a c t e r o f t h e w a r ; w h y t h e w a r b r o k e o u t ; t h e c l a s s e s t h a t a r e w a g i n g i t ; t h e h i s t o r i c a l a n d h i s t o r i c o - e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s t h a t g a v e r i s e t o i t . ^

A s M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s s e e i t , w a r i s t h e c o n t i n u a t i o n o f p o l i t i c s b y o t h e r m e a n s , a n d e v e r y w a r i s i n s e p a r a b l e f r o m t h e p o l i t i c a l s y s t e m a n d t h e p o l i t i c a l s t r u g g l e s w h i c h g i v e r i s e t o i t . I f o n e d e p a r t s f r o m t h i s s c i e n t i f i c M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t p r o p o s i t i o n w h i c h h a s b e e n c o n f i r m e d b y t h e e n t i r e h i s t o r y o f c l a s s s t r u g g l e , o n e w i l l n e v e r b e a b l e t o u n d e r s t a n d e i t h e r t h e q u e s t i o n o f w a r o r t h e q u e s t i o n o f p e a c e .

T h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f p e a c e a n d d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f w a r . M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s m u s t b e c l e a r a b o u t w h a t t y p e o f p e a c e o r w h a t t y p e o f w a r i s i n q u e s t i o n . L u m p i n g j u s t w a r s a n d u n j u s t w a r s t o g e t h e r a n d o p p o s i n g a l l o f t h e m u n d i s c r i m i n a t i n g l y i s a b o u r g e o i s p a c i f i s t a n d n o t a M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t a p p r o a c h .

C e r t a i n p e r s o n s s a y t h a t r e v o l u t i o n s a r e e n t i r e l y p o s ­s i b l e w i t h o u t w a r . N o w w h i c h t y p e o f w a r a r e t h e y r e f e r r i n g t o — i s i t a w a r o f n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n o r a r e v ­o l u t i o n a r y c i v i l w a r , o r i s i t a w o r l d w a r ?

1 Lenin, "War and Revolutinn", C o l l e c t e d W o r k s , 4th Russian edition, SPHPL, Moscow, 194!), Vol. X X I V , p. 362.

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I f t h e y a r e r e f e r r i n g t o a w a r o f n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n o r a r e v o l u t i o n a r y c i v i l w a r , t h e n t h i s f o r m u l a t i o n i s , i n e f f e c t , o p p o s e d t o r e v o l u t i o n a r y w a r s a n d t o r e v o l u t i o n .

I f t h e y a r e r e f e r r i n g t o a w o r l d w a r , t h e n t h e y a r e s h o o t i n g a t a n o n - e x i s t e n t t a r g e t . A l t h o u g h M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t s h a v e p o i n t e d o u t , o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e h i s t o r y o f t h e t w o w o r l d w a r s , t h a t w o r l d w a r s i n e v i t a b l y l e a d t o r e v o l u t i o n , n o M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t e v e r h a s h e l d o r e v e r w i l l h o l d t h a t r e v o l u t i o n m u s t b e m a d e t h r o u g h w o r l d w a r .

M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s t a k e t h e a b o l i t i o n o f w a r a s t h e i r i d e a l a n d b e l i e v e t h a t w a r c a n b e a b o l i s h e d .

B u t h o w c a n w a r b e a b o l i s h e d ? T h i s i s h o w L e n i n v i e w e d i t :

. . . o u r o b j e c t i s t o a c h i e v e t h e s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m o f s o c i e t y , w h i c h , b y a b o l i s h i n g t h e d i v i s i o n o f m a n k i n d i n t o c l a s s e s , b y a b o l i s h i n g a l l e x p l o i t a t i o n o f m a n b y m a n , a n d o f o n e n a t i o n b y o t h e r n a t i o n s , w i l l i n ­e v i t a b l y a b o l i s h a l l p o s s i b i l i t y o f w a r . ^

T h e S t a t e m e n t o f 1 9 6 0 a l s o p u t s i t v e r y c l e a r l y , " T h e v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d w i l l c o m p l e t e l y r e m o v e t h e s o c i a l a n d n a t i o n a l c a u s e s o f a l l w a r s . "

H o w e v e r , c e r t a i n p e r s o n s n o w a c t u a l l y h o l d t h a t i t i s p o s s i b l e t o b r i n g a b o u t " a w o r l d w i t h o u t w e a p o n s , w i t h ­o u t a r m e d f o r c e s a n d w i t h o u t w a r s " t h r o u g h " g e n e r a l a n d c o m p l e t e d i s a r m a m e n t " w h i l e t h e s y s t e m o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d o f t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n o f m a n b y m a n s t i l l e x i s t s . T h i s i s s h e e r i l l u s i o n .

A n e l e m e n t a i y k n o w l e d g e o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m t e l l s u s t h a t t h e a r m e d f o r c e s a r e t h e p r i n c i p a l p a r t o f t h e s t a t e m a c h i n e a n d t h a t a s o - c a l l e d w o r l d w i t h o u t w e a p o n s

1 I b i d . , p . 363.

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a n d w i t h o u t a r m e d f o r c e s c a n o n l y b e a w o r l d w i t h o u t s t a t e s . L e n i n s a i d :

O n l y after t h e p r o l e t a r i a t h a s d i s a r m e d t h e b o u r ­g e o i s i e w i l l i t b e a b l e , w i t h o u t b e t r a y i n g i t s w o r l d -h i s t o r i c a l m i s s i o n , t o t h r o w a l l a r m a m e n t s o n t h e s c r a p h e a p ; a n d t h e p r o l e t a r i a t w i l l u n d o u b t e d l y d o t h i s , b u t only when this condition has been julfilled, certainly not before}

W h a t a r e t h e f a c t s i n t h e w o i l d t o d a y ? I s t h e r e a s h a d o w o f e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s h e a d e d b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a r e r e a d y t o c a r r y o u t g e n e r a l a n d c o m p l e t e d i s a r m a m e n t ? A r e t h e y n o t e a c h a n d a l l e n g a g e d i n g e n e r a l a n d c o m p l e t e arms e x p a n s i o n ?

W e h a v e a l w a y s m a i n t a i n e d t h a t , i n o r d e r t o e x p o s e a n d c o m b a t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s ' a r m s e x p a n s i o n a n d w a r p r e p a r a t i o n s , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o p u t f o r w a r d t h e p r o p o s a l f o r g e n e r a l d i s a r m a m e n t . F u r t h e r m o r e , i t i s p o s s i b l e t o c o m p e l i m p e r i a l i s m t o a c c e p t s o m e k i n d o f a g r e e m e n t o n d i s a i m a m e n t , t h r o u g h t h e c o m b i n e d s t r u g g l e o f t h e s o ­c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e p e o p l e o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d .

I f o n e r e g a r d s g e n e r a l a n d c o m p l e t e d i s a r m a m e n t a s t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r o a d t o w o r l d p e a c e , s p r e a d s t h e i l l u s i o n t h a t i m p e r i a l i s m w i l l a u t o m a t i c a l l y l a y d o w n i t s a r m s a n d t r i e s t o l i q u i d a t e t h e I ' c v o l u t i o n a r y s t i ' u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s o n t h e p r e t e x t o f d i s a r m a ­m e n t , t h e n t h i s i s d e l i b e r a t e l y t o d e c e i v e t h e p e o p l e o f t h e w o i ' l d a n d h e l p t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s i n t h e i r p o l i c i e s o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d w a r .

I n o r d e r t o o v e r c o m e t h e p r e s e n t i d e o l o g i c a l c o n f u s i o n i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o i ' k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t o n t h e q u e s -

1 L e n i n . "Tl i t ; W;u I ' lOKram o l the PruIeUirian Rovniution" , Selected W o r k s , F L P H , Moscow, 1952, V o l . I , Par t 2, p. 574.

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t i o n o f w a r a n d p e a c e , w e c o n s i d e r t h a t L e n i n ' s t h e s i s , w h i c h h a s b e e n d i s c a r d e d b y t h e m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s t s , m u s t b e r e s t o r e d i n t h e i n t e r e s t o f c o m b a t i n g t h e i m p e ­r i a l i s t p o l i c i e s o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d w a r a n d d e f e n d i n g w o r l d p e a c e .

T h e p e o p l e o f t h e w o r l d u n i v e r s a l l y d e m a n d t h e p r e ­v e n t i o n o f a n e w w o r l d w a r . A n d i t i s p o s s i b l e t o p r e ­v e n t a n e w w o r l d w a r .

T h e q u e s t i o n t h e n i s , w h a t i s t h e w a y t o s e c u r e w o r l d p e a c e ? A c c o r d i n g t o t h e L e n i n i s t v i e w p o i n t , w o r l d p e a c e c a n b e w o n o n l y b y t h e s t r u g g l e s o f t h e p e o p l e i n a l l c o u n t r i e s a n d n o t b y b e g g i n g t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s f o r i t . W o r l d p e a c e c a n o n l y b e e f f e c t i v e l y d e f e n d e d b y r e l y i n g o n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e f o r c e s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , o n t h e r e v o l u t i o n a i y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d w o r k i n g p e o p l e o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , o n t h e l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d o n t h e s t r u g g l e s o f a l l p e a c e -l o v i n g p e o p l e a n d c o u n t r i e s .

S u c h i s t h e L e n i n i s t p o l i c y . A n y p o l i c y t o t h e c o n t r a r y d e f i n i t e l y w i l l n o t l e a d t o w o r l d p e a c e b u t w i l l o n l y e n ­c o u r a g e t h e a m b i t i o n s o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d i n c r e a s e t h e d a n g e r o f w o r l d w a r .

I n r e c e n t y e a r s , c e r t a i n p e r s o n s h a v e b e e n s p r e a d i n g t h e a r g u m e n t t h a t a s i n g l e s p a r k f r o m a w a r o f n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n o r f r o m a r e v o l u t i o n a r y p e o p l e ' s w a r w i l l l e a d t o a w o r l d c o n f l a g r a t i o n d e s t r o y i n g t h e w h o l e o f m a n k i n d . W h a t a r e t h e f a c t s ? C o n t r a r y t o w h a t t h e s e p e r s o n s s a y , t h e w a r s o f n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p e o p l e ' s w a r s t h a t h a v e o c c u r r e d s i n c e W o r l d W a r I I h a v e n o t l e d t o w o r ' l d w a r . T h e v i c t o r y o f t h e s e r e v o l u t i o n ­a r y w a r s h a s d i r e c t l y w e a k e n e d t h e f o r c e s o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d g r e a t l y s t i e n g t h e n e d t h e f o r c e s w h i c h p r e v e n t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s f r o m l a u n c h i n g a w o r l d w a r a n d w h i c h d e -

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fend world peace. Do not the facts demfinstrate the absurdity of this argument?

(15) The complete banning and destruction of nuclear weapons is an important task in the struggle to defend world peace. We must do our utmost to this end.

Nuclear weapons are unprecedentedly destructive, which is why for more than a decade now the U.S. impe­rialists have been pursuing their policy of nuclear black­mail in order to realize their ambition of enslaving the people of all countries and dominating the world.

But when the imperialists threaten other countries with nuclear weapons, they subject the people in their own country to the same threat, thus arousing them against nuclear weapons and against the imperialist policies of aggression and war. At the same time, in their vain hope of destroying their opponents with nucleai' weapons, the imperialists are in fact subjecting themselves to the danger of being destroyed.

The possibility of banning nuclear weapons does indeed exist. However, if the imperialists are forced to accept an agreement to ban nuclear weapons, it decidedly will not be because of their "love for humanity" but be­cause of the pressure of the people of all countries and for the sake of their own vital interests.

In contrast to the imperialists, socialist countries rely upon the righteous strength of the people and on their own correct policies, and have no need whatever to gamble with nucleai" weapons in the world arena. Socialist coun­tries have nuclear weapons solely in order to defend them­selves and to prevent imperialism from launching a nuclear war.

In the view of Marxist-Leninists, the people are the makers of history. In the pi'csent, as in the past, man

32

is the decisive factor. Marxist-Leninists attach importance to the role of technological change, but it is wrong to belittle the role of man and exaggerate the role of tech­nology.

The emergence of nuclear weapons can neither arrest the progress of human history nor save the imperialist system from its doom, any more than the emergence of new techniques could save the old systems from their doom in the past.

The emergence of nuclear weapons does not and can­not resolve the fundamental contradictions in the con­temporary world, does not and cannot alter the law of class struggle, and does not and cannot change the nature of imperialism and I'eaction.

It cannot, therefore, be said that with the emergence of nuclear weapons the possibility and the necessity of social and national revolutions have disappeared, or the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism, and especially the theories of proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat and of wai' and peace, have become outmoded and changed into stale "dogmas".

(16) It was Lenin who advanced the thesis that it is possible for the socialist countries to practise peaceful coexistence with the capitalist countries. It is well known that after the great Soviet people had I 'epulsed foreign armed intervention the Communist Par ty of the Soviet Union and the Soviet Government, led first by Lenin and then by Stalin, consistently pursued the policy of peaceful coexistence and that they were forced to wage a war of self-defence only when attacked by the German impe­rialists.

Since its founding, the People's Republic of China too has consistently pursued the policy of peaceful coexist-

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ence with countries having different social systems, and it is China which initiated the Five Principles of Peace­ful Ccjexislence.

How{-ver, a few years ago certain persons suddenly claimed Lenin's policy of peaceful coexistence as tlicir own "great discovery". They maintain that they have a monopoly on the interpretation of this policy. They treat "peaceful coexistence" as if it were an all-inclusive, mys­tical book from heaven and atti 'ibute to it every suc­cess the people of the world achieve by struggle. What is more, they label all who disagree with their distor­tions of Lenin's views as opponents of peaceful coexist­ence, as people completely ignorant of Lenin and Lenin­ism, and as heretics deserving to be burnt at the stake.

How can the Chinese Communists agree with this view and practice? They cannot, it is impossible.

Lenin's principle of peaceful coexistence is very clear and readily comprehensible by ordinary people. Peaceful coexistence designates a relationship between countries with different social systems, and must not be inter­preted as one pleases. It should never be extended to apply to the relations between oppressed and oppressor nations, between oppressed and oppressor countries or between oppressed and oppressor classes, and never be described as the main content of the transition from capitalism to socialism, still less should it be asserted that peaceful coexistence is mankind's road to socialism. The reason is that it is one thing to practise peaceful coexist­ence between countries with different social systems. It is absolutely impermissible and impossible for countries practising peaceful coexistence to touch even a hair of each other's social system. The class struggle, the struggle for national liberation and the transition from capitalism

34

to socialism in various countries are quite another thing. They are all bitter, lifc-and-death revolutionary strut^gles which aim at changing the social system. Peacel'ui co­existence cannot replace the rt-volutionary struggles of the people. The transition from capitalism to socialism in any country can only be biought about through the proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the pro­letariat in that country.

In the application of the policy of peaceful coexistence, struggles between the socialist and imperialist countries are unavoidable in the political, economic and ideological spheres, and it is absolutely impossible to have "all-round co-operation".

It is necessary for the socialist countries to engage in negotiations of one kind or another with the imperialist countries. It is possible to reach certain agreements through negotiation by relying on the correct policies of the socialist countries and on the pressure of the peo­ple of all countries. But necessary compromises between the socialist countries and the imperialist countries do not require the oppressed peoples and nations to follow suit and compromise with imperialism and its lackeys. No one should ever demand in the name of peaceful coexistence that the oppressed peoples and nations should give up their revolutionary struggles.

The application of the policy of peaceful coexistence by the socialist countries is advantageous for achieving a peaceful international environment for socialist construc­tion, for exposing the imperialist policies of aggression and war and for isolating the imperialist forces of aggres­sion and war. But if the general line of the foreign policy of the socialist countries is confined to peaceful coexist­ence, then it is impossible to handle correctly either

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t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s o r t h o s e b e t w e e n t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s . T h e r e f o r e i t i s w r o n g t o m a k e p e a c e f u l c o e x ­i s t e n c e t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f t h e s o ­c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s .

I n o u r v i e w , t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e f o r e i g n p o l i c y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s s h o u l d h a v e t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n t e n t : t o d e v e l o p r e l a t i o n s o f f r i e n d s h i p , m u t u a l a s s i s t a n c e a n d c o - o p e r a t i o n a m o n g t h e c o u n t r i e s i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r i n c i p l e o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a ­t i o n a l i s m ; t o s t r i v e f o r p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e F i v e P r i n c i p l e s w i t h c o u n t r i e s h a v i n g d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s a n d o p p o s e t h e i m p e r i a l i s t p o l i c i e s o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d w a r ; a n d t o s u p p o r t a n d a s s i s t t h e r e v ­o l u t i o n a r y s t i ' u g g l e s o f a l l t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s a n d n a t i o n s . T h e s e t h r e e a s p e c t s a r e i n t e r r e l a t e d a j i d i n d i v i ­s i b l e , a n d n o t a s i n g l e o n e c a n b e o m i t t e d .

( 1 7 ) F o r a v e r y l o n g h i s t o r i c a l p e r i o d a f t e r t h e p r o ­l e t a r i a t t a k e s p o w e r , c l a s s s t r u g g l e c o n t i n u e s a s a n o b j e c ­t i v e l a w i n d e p e n d e n t o f m a n ' s w i l l , d i f f e r i n g o n l y i n f o r m f r o m w h a t i t w a s b e f o r e t h e t a k i n g o f p o w e r .

A f t e r t h e O c t o b e r R e v o l u t i o n , L e n i n p o i n t e d o u t a n u m ­b e r o f t i m e s t h a t :

a ) T h e o v e r t h r o w n e x p l o i t e r s a l w a y s t r y i n a t h o u ­s a n d a n d o n e w a y s t o r e c o v e r t h e " p a r a d i s e " t h e y h a v e b e e n d e p r i v e d o f .

b ) N e w e l e m e n t s o f c a p i t a l i s m a r e c o n s t a n t l y a n d s p o n t a n e o u s l y g e n e r a t e d i n t h e p e t t y - b o u r g e o i s a t m o s ­p h e r e .

c) P o l i t i c a l d e g e n e r a t e s a n d n e w b u u i g e o i s e l e m e n t s m a y e m e r g e i n t h e r a n k s o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d a m o n g g o v e r n m e n t f u n c t i o n a r i e s a s a r e s u l t o f b o u r g e o i s i n -

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f l u e n c e a n d t h e p e r v a s i v e , c o r - r u p t i n g a t m o s p h e r e o f t h e p e t t y b o u r g e o i s i e .

d ) T h e e x t e r n a l c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e c o n t i n u a n c e o f c l a s s s t r u g g l e w i t h i n a s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y a r e e n c i r c l e m e n t b y i n t e r n a t i o n a l c a p i t a l i s m , t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s ' t h r e a t o f a r m e d i n t e r v e n t i o n a n d t h e i r s u b v e r s i v e a c t i v i t i e s t o a c c o m p l i s h p e a c e f u l d i s i n t e g r a t i o n .

L i f e h a s c o n f i r m e d t h e s e c o n c l u s i o n s o f L e n i n ' s . F o r d e c a d e s o r e v e n l o n g e r p e r i o d s a f t e r s o c i a l i s t i n ­

d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l c o l l e c t i v i z a t i o n , i t w i l l b e i m p o s s i b l e t o s a y t h a t a n y s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y w i l l b e f r e e f r o m t h o s e e l e m e n t s w h i c h L e n i n r e p e a t e d l y d e n o u n c e d , s u c h a s b o u r g e o i s h a n g e r s - o n , p a r a s i t e s , s p e c u l a t o r s , s w i n d l e r s , i d l e r s , h o o l i g a n s a n d e m b e z z l e r s o f s t a t e f u n d s ; o r t o s a y t h a t a s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y w i l l n o l o n g e r n e e d t o p e r f o r m o r b e a b l e t o r e l i n q u i s h t h e t a s k l a i d d o w n b y L e n i n o f c o n q u e r i n g " t h i s c o n t a g i o n , t h i s p l a g u e , t h i s u l c e r t h a t s o c i a l i s m h a s i n h e r i t e d f r o m c a p i t a l i s m " .

I n a s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y , i t t a k e s a v e r y l o n g h i s t o r i c a l p e r i o d g r a d u a l l y t o s e t t l e t h e q u e s t i o n o f w h o w i l l w i n — s o c i a l i s m o r c a p i t a l i s m . T h e s t r u g g l e b e t w e e n t h e r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m a n d t h e r o a d o f c a p i t a l i s m r u n s t h r o u g h t h i s w h o l e h i s t o r i c a l p e r i o d . T h i s s t r u g g l e r i s e s a n d f a l l s i n a w a v e - l i k e m a n n e r , a t t i m e s b e c o m i n g v e r y f i e r c e , a n d t h e f o r m s o f t h e s t r u g g l e a r e m a n y a n d v a r i e d .

T h e 1 9 5 7 D e c l a r a t i o n r i g h t l y s t a t e s t h a t " t h e c o n q u e s t o f p o w e r b y t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s i s o n l y t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n , n o t i t s c o n c l u s i o n " .

T o d e n y t h e e x i s t e n c e o f c l a s s s t r u g g l e i n t h e p e r i o d o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t h e n e c e s s i t y o f t h o r o u g h l y c o m p l e t i n g t h e s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n o n t h e e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l a n d i d e o l o g i c a l f r o n t s i s w r o n g , d o e s

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n o t c o r r e s p o n d t o o b j e c t i v e r e a l i t y a n d v i o l a t e s M a r x i s m -L e n i n i s m .

( 1 8 ) B o t h M a r x a n d L e n i n m a i n t a i n e d t h a t t h e e n t i r e p e r i o d b e f o r e t h e a d v e n t o f t h e h i g h e r s t a g e o f c o m m u ­n i s t s o c i e t y i s t h e p e r i o d o f t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s m t o c o m m u n i s m , t h e p e r i o d o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e ­t a r i a t . I n t h i s t r a n s i t i o n p e r i o d , t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , t h a t i s t o s a y , t h e p r o l e t a r i a n s t a t e , g o e s t h r o u g h t h e d i a l e c t i c a l p r o c e s s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , c o n ­s o l i d a t i o n , s t i ' o n g t h e n i n g a n d w i t h e r i n g a w a y .

I n t h e Critique of the Gotka Programme, M a r x p o s e d t h e q u e s t i o n a s f o l l o w s :

B e t w e e n c a p i t a l i s t a n d c o m m u n i s t s o c i e t y l i e s t h e p e r i o d o f t l i e r e v o l u t i o n a r y t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f t h e o n e i n t o t h e o t h e r . T h e r e c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h i s a l s o a p o l i t ­i c a l t r a n s i t i o n p e r i o d i n w h i c h t h e s t a t e c a n b e n o t h i n g b u t the revolutiomry dictatorship of the proletariat}

L e n i n f r e q u e n t l y e m p h a s i z e d M a r x ' s g r e a t t h e o i y o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d a n a l y s e d t h e d e v e l o p ­m e n t o f t h i s t h e o r y , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n h i s o u t s t a n d i n g w o r k , The State and Revolution, w h e r e h e w i o l e ;

. . . t h e t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s t s o c i e t y — w h i c h i s d e v e l o p i n g t o w a r d s c o m m u n i s m — t o a c o m m u n i s t s o c i e t y i s i m p o s s i b l e w i t h o u t a " p o l i t i c a l t r a n s i t i o n p e r i o d " , a n d t h e s t a t e i n t h i s p e r i o d c a n o n l y b e t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . ^

1 M a r x and Engels , Sclcctinl Works, F I , P H , Moscow L9.i^ Vol, ir. pp. 32-33.

-r_x?nin, Selected Wor/cs, l ' \ A ' i . [ . M U S C D W , V " l , If. I ' . n l 1, p. 289.

H e f u r t h e r s a i d :

T h e e s s e n c e o f M a r x ' s t e a c h i n g o n t h e s t a t e h a s b e e n m a s t e r e d o n l y b y t h o s e w h o u n d e r s t a n d t h a t t h e d i c t a ­t o r s h i p o f a single c l a s s i s n e c e s s a r y n o t o n l y f o r e v e r y c l a s s s o c i e t y i n g e n e r a l , n o t o n l y f o r t h e proletariat w h i c h h a s o v e r t h r o w n t h e b o u r g e o i s i e , b u t a l s o f o r t h e e n t i r e historical period w h i c h s e p a r a t e s c a p i t a l i s m f r o m " c l a s s l e s s s o c i e t y " , f r o m c o m m u n i s m . ^

A s s t a t e d a b o v e , t h e f u n d a m e n t a l t h e s i s o f M a r x a n d L e n i n i s t h a t t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t w i l l i n ­e v i t a b l y c o n t i n u e f o r t h e e n t i r e h i s t o r i c a l p e r i o d o f t h e t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s m t o c o m m u n i s m , t h a t i s , f o r t h e e n t i r e p e r i o d u p t o t h e a b o l i t i o n o f a l l c l a s s d i f f e r e n c e s a n d t h e e n t r y i n t o a c l a s s l e s s s o c i e t y , t h e h i g h e r s t a g e o f c o m m u n i s t s o c i e t y .

W h a t w i l l h a p p e n i f i t i s a n n o u n c e d , h a l f w a y t h r o u g h , t h a t t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i s n o l o n g e r n e c e s ­s a r y ?

D o e s t h i s n o t f u n d a m e n t a l l y c o n f l i c t w i t h t h e t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x a n d L e n i n o n t h e s t a t e o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t ?

D o e s t h i s n o t l i c e n s e t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f " t h i s c o n t a ­g i o n , t h i s p l a g u e , t h i s u l c e r t h a t s o c i a l i s m h a s i n h e r i t e d f r o m c a p i t a l i s m " ?

I n o t h e r w o r d s , t h i s w o u l d l e a d t o e x t r e m e l y g r a v e c o n s e q u e n c e s a n d m a k e a n y t r a n s i t i o n t o c o m m u n i s m o u t o f t h e q u e s t i o n .

C a n t h e r e b e a " s t a t e o f t h e w h o l e p e o p l e " ? I s i t p o s ­s i b l e t o r e p l a c e t h e s t a t e o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o ­l e t a r i a t b y a " s t a t e o f t h e w h o l e p e o p l e " ?

t I b i d . . | ) . 2:i(.

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T h i s in n o t a q u e s t i o n a b o u t t h e i n t e r n a l a f f a i r s o f a n y p a r t i c u l a r c o u n t r y b u t a f u n d a m e n t a l p r o b l e m i n v o l v i n g t h e u n i v e r s a l t r u t h o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m .

T n t h e v i e w o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , t h e r e i s n o s u c h t h i n g a s a n o n - c l a s s o r s u p r a - c l a s s s t a t e . S o l o n g a s t h e s t a t e r e m a i n s a s t a t e , i t m u s t b e a r a c l a s s c h a r a c t e r ; s o l o n g a s t h e s t a t e e x i s t s , i t c a n n o t b e a s t a t e o f t h e " w h o l e p e o p l e " . A s s o o n a s s o c i e t y b e c o m e s c l a s s l e s s , t h e r e w i l l n o l o n g e r b e a s t a t e .

T h e n w h a t s o r t o f t h i n g w o u l d a " s t a t e o f t h e w h o l e p e o p l e " b e ?

A n y o n e w i t h a n e l e m e n t a r y k n o w l e d g e o f M a r x i s m -L e n i n i s m c a n u n d e r s t a n d t h a t t h e s o - c a l l e d " s t a t e o f t h e w h o l e p e o p l e " i s n o t h i n g n e w . R e p r e s e n t a t i v e b o u r g e o i s f i g u r e s h a v e a l w a y s c a l l e d t h e b o u r g e o i s s t a t e a " s t a t e o f a l l t h e p e o p l e " , o r a " s t a t e i n w h i c h p o w e r b e l o n g s t o a l l t h e i > e o p l e " .

C e r t a i n p e r s o n s m a y s a y t h a t t h e i r s o c i e t y i s a l r e a d y o n e w i t h o u t c l a s s e s . W e a n s w e r : N o , t h e r e a r e c l a s s e s a n d c l a s s s t r u g g l e s i n a l l s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s w i t h o u t e x c e p - ' t i o n .

S i n c e r e m n a n t s o f t h e o l d e x p l o i t i n g c l a s s e s w h o a r e t r y i n g t o s t a g e a c o m e b a c k s t i l l e x i s t t h e r e , s i n c e n e w c a p i t a l i s t e l e m e n t s a r e c o n s t a n t l y b e i n g g e n e r a t e d t h e r e , a n d s i n c e t h e r e a r e s t i l l p a r a s i t e s , s p e c u l a t o r s , i d l e r s , h o o l i g a n s , e m b e z z l e r s o f s t a t e f u n d s , e t c . , h o w c a n i t b e s a i d t h a t c l a s s e s o r c l a s s s t r u g g l e s n o l o n g e r e x i s t ? H o w c a n i t b e s a i d t h a t t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i s n o l o n g e r n e c e s s a r y ?

M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m t e l l s u s t h a t i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s u p ­p r e s s i o n o f t h e h o s t i l e c l a s s e s , t h e h i s t o r i c a l t a s k s o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i n t h e c o u r s e o f b u i l d i n g s o c i a l i s m n e c e s s a r i l y i n c l u d e t h e c o r r e c t h a n d l i n g o f

40

r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d p e a s a n t r y , t h e

c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h e i r p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c a l l i a n c e a n d

t h e c r e a t i o n o f c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e g r a d u a l e l i m i n a t i o n o f

t h e c l a s s d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n w o r k e r a n d p e a s a n t .

W h e n w e l o o k a t t h e e c o n o m i c b a s e o f a n y s o c i a l i s t

s o c i e t y , w e f i n d t h a t t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n o w n e r s h i p

b y t h e w h o l e p e o p l e a n d c o l l e c t i v e o w n e r s h i p e x i s t s i n

a l l s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s w i t h o u t e x c e p t i o n , a n d t h a t t h e r e

i s i n d i v i d u a l o w n e r s h i p t o o . O w n e r s h i p b y t h e w h o l e

p e o p l e a n d c o l l e c t i v e o w n e r s h i p a r e t w o k i n d s o f o w n e r ­

s h i p a n d t w o k i n d s o f r e l a t i o n s o f p r o d u c t i o n i n s o c i a l i s t

s o c i o t y . T h e w o i ' k e r s i n e n t e r p r i s e s o w n e d b y t h e w h o l e

p e o p l e a n d t h e p e a s a n t s o n f a r m s o w n e d c o l l e c t i v e l y b e ­

l o n g t o t w o d i f f e r e n t c a t e g o r i e s o f l a b o u r e r s i n s o c i a l i s t

s o c i e t y . T h e r e f o r e , t h e c l a s s d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n w o r k e r

a n d p e a s a n t e x i s t s i n a l l s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s w i t h o u t e x ­

c e p t i o n . T h i s d i f f e r e n c e w i l l n o t d i s a p p e a r u n t i l t h e

t r a n s i t i o n t o t h e h i g h e r s t a g e o f c o m m u n i s m i s a c h i e v e d .

I n t h e i r p r e s e n t l e v e l o f e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t a l l s o ­

c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a r e s t i l l f a r , f a r r e m o v e d f r o m t h e h i g h e r

s t a g e o f c o m m u n i s m i n w h i c h " f r o m e a c h a c c o r d i n g t o

h i s a b i l i t y , t o e a c h a c c o r d i n g t o h i s n e e d s " i s p u t i n t o

p r a c t i c e . T h e r e f o r e , i t w i l l t a k e a l o n g , l o n g t i m e t o

e l i m i n a t e t h e c l a s s d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n w o r k e r a n d p e a s ­

a n t . A n d u n t i l t h i s d i f f e r e n c e i s e l i m i n a t e d , i t i s i m ­

p o s s i b l e t o s a y t h a t s o c i e t y i s c l a s s l e s s o r t h a t t h e r e i s n o

l o n g e r a n y n e e d f o r t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t .

I n c a l l i n g a s o c i a l i s t s t a t e t h e " s t a t e o f t h e w h o l e p e o ­

p l e " , i s o n e t r y i n g t o r e p l a c e t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t h e o r y

o f t h e s t a t e b y t h e b o u r g e o i s t h e o r y o f t h e s t a t e ? I s o n e

t r y i n g t o r e p l a c e t h e s t a t e o f t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o ­

l e t a r i a t b y a s t a t e o f a d i f f e r e n t c h a r a c t e r ?

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I f t h a t i s t h e c a s e , i t i s n o t h i n g b u t a g r e a t h i s t o r i c a l r e t r o g r e s s i o n . T h e d e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e s o c i a l s y s t e m i n Y u g o s l a v i a i s a g r a v e l e s s o n .

( 1 9 ) L e n i n i s m h o l d s t h a t t h e p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t y m u s t e x i s t t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i n s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . T h e p a r t y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i s i n ­d i s p e n s a b l e f o r t h e e n t i r e h i s t o r i c a l p e r i o d o f t h e d i c t a ­t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t . T h e r e a s o n i s t h a t t h e d i c t a t o r ­s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t h a s t o s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t t h e e n e m i e s o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d o f t h e p e o p l e , r e m o u l d t h e p e a s ­a n t s a n d o t h e r s m a l l p r o d u c e r s , c o n s t a n t l y c o n s o l i d a t e t h e p r o l e t a r i a n r a n k s , b u i l d s o c i a l i s m a n d e f f e c t t h e t r a n s i t i o n t o c o m m u n i s m ; n o n e o f t h e s e t h i n g s c a n b e d o n e w i t h o u t t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e p a r t y o f t h e p r o ­l e t a r i a t .

C a n t h e r e b e a " p a r t y o f t h e e n t i r e p e o p l e " ? I s i t p o s ­s i b l e t o r e p l a c e t h e p a r t y w h i c h i s t h e v a n g u a r d o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t b y a " p a r t y o f t h e e n t i r e p e o p l e " ?

T h i s , t o o , i s n o t a q u e s t i o n a b o u t t h e i n t e r n a l a f f a i r s o f a n y p a r t i c u l a r P a r t y , b u t a f u n d a m e n t a l p r o b l e m i n ­v o l v i n g t h e u n i v e r s a l t r u t h o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m .

I n t h e v i e w o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , t h e r e i s n o s u c h t h i n g a s a n o n - c l a s s o r s u p r a - c l a s s p o l i t i c a l p a r t y . A l l p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s h a v e a c l a s s c h a r a c t e r . P a r t y s p i r i t i s t h e c o n ­c e n t r a t e d e x p r e s s i o n o f c l a s s c h a r a c t e r .

T h e p a r t y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i s t h e o n l y p a r t y a b l e t o r e p r e s e n t t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e w h o l e p e o p l e . I t c a n d o s o p r e c i s e l y b e c a u s e i t r e p r e s e n t s t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e p r o ­l e t a r i a t , w h o s e i d e a s a n d w i l l i t c o n c e n t r a t e s . I t c a n l e a d t h e w h o l e p e o p l e b e c a u s e t h e p r o l e t a r i a t c a n f i n a l l y e m a n c i p a t e i t s e l f o n l y w i t h t h e e m a n c i p a t i o n o f a l l m a n ­k i n d , b e c a u s e t h e v e r y n a t u r e o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t e n a b l e s i t s p a r t y t o a p p r o a c h p r o b l e m s i n t e r m s o f i t s p r e s e n t a n d

42

f u t u r e i n t e r e s t s , b e c a u s e t h e p a r t y i s b o u n d l e s s l y l o y a l t o t h e p e o p l e a n d h a s t h e s p i r i t o [ s e l f - s a c r i f i c e ; h e n c e i t s d e m o c r a t i c c e n t r a l i s m a n d i r o n d i s c i p l i n e . W i t h o u t s u c h a p a r t y , i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o m a i n t a i n t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e w h o l e p e o p l e .

W h a t w i l l h a p p e n i f i t i s a n n o u n c e d h a l f w a y b e f o r e e n t e r i n g t h e h i g h e r s t a g e o f c o m m u n i s t s o c i e t y t h a t t h e p a r t y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t h a s b e c o m e a " p a r t y o f t h e e n t i r e p e o p l e " a n d i f i t s p r o l e t a r i a n c l a s s c h a r a c t e r i s r e ­p u d i a t e d ?

D o e s t h i s n o t f u n d a m e n t a l l y c o n f l i c t w i t h t h e t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x a n d L e n i n o n t h e p a r t y o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t ?

D o e s t h i s n o t d i s a r m t h e p r o l e t a r i a t a n d a l l t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e , o r g a n i z a t i o n a l l y a n d i d e o l o g i c a l l y , a n d i s i t n o t t a n t a m o u n t t o h e l p i n g r e s t o r e c a p i t a l i s m ?

I s i t n o t " g o i n g s o u t h b y d r i v i n g t h e c h a r i o t n o r t h " t o t a l k a b o u t a n y t r a n s i t i o n t o c o m m u n i s t s o c i e t y i n s u c h c i r c u m s t a n c e s ?

( 2 0 ) O v e r t h e p a s t f e w y e a r s , c e r t a i n p e r s o n s h a v e v i o l a t e d L e n i n ' s i n t e g r a l t e a c h i n g s a b o u t t h e i n t e r r e l a ­t i o n s h i p o f l e a d e r s , p a r t y , c l a s s a n d m a s s e s , a n d r a i s e d t h e i s s u e o f " c o m b a t i n g t h e c u l t o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l " ; t h i s i s e r r o n e o u s a n d h a r m f u l .

T h e t h e o r y p r o p o u n d e d b y L e n i n i s a s f o l l o w s : a ) T h e m a s s e s a r e d i v i d e d i n t o c l a s s e s ; b ) C l a s s e s a r e u s u a l l y l e d b y p o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s ; c ) P o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s , a s a g e n e r a l r u l e , a r e d i r e c t e d b y

m o r e o r l e s s s t a b l e g r o u p s c o m p o s e d o f t h e m o s t a u ­t h o r i t a t i v e , i n f l u e n t i a l a n d e x p e r i e n c e d m e m b e r s , w h o a r e e l e c t e d t o t h e m o s t r e s p o n s i b l e p o s i t i o n s a n d a r e c a l l e d l e a d e r s .

L e n i n s a i d , " A l l t h i s i s e l e m e n t a r y . "

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The party of the proletariat is the headquarters of the proletariat in revolution and struggle. Every proletarian party must practise centralism based on democracy and establish a strong Marxist-Leninist leadership before it can become an organized and batt le-woilhy vanguard. To raise the question ol "combating the cult of the in­dividual" is actually to counterpose the leaders to the masses, undermine the party's unified leadership which is based on democratic centralism, dissipate its fighting strength and disintegrate its ranks.

Lenin criticized the erroneous views which counterpose the leaders to the masses. He called them "ridiculously absurd and s tupid ' .

The Communist Party of China has always disapproved of exaggerating the role of the individual, has advocated and persistently practised democratic centralism within the Party and advocated the linking of the leadership with the masses, maintaining that correct leadership must know how to concentrate the views of the masses.

While loudly combating the so-called "cult of the in­dividual", certain persons are in reality doing their best to defame the proletarian party and the dictatorship of the proletariat. At the same time, they are enormously exaggerating the role of certain individuals, shifting all errors onto others and claiming all credit for themselves.

What is more serious is that, under the pretext of "combating the cult of the individual", certain persons are crudely interfering in the internal affairs of other fraternal Parties and fraternal countries and forcing other fraternal Parties to change their leadership in order to impose their own wrong line on these Parties. What is all this if not great-power chauvinism, sectarian­ism and splittism? What is all this if not subversion?

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It is high t ime to propagate seriously and compre­hensively Lenin's integral teachings on the interrelation­ship of leaders, party, class and masses.

(21) Relations between socialist countries are inter­national relations of a new type. Relations between socialist countries, whether large or small, and whether more developed or less developed economically, must be based on the principles of complete equality, respect for territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence, and non-interference in each other^s internal affairs, and must also be based on the principles of mutual sup­port and mutual assistance in accordance with proleta­rian internationalism.

Every socialist country must rely mainly on itself for its construction.

In accordance with its own concrete conditions, every socialist country must rely first of all on the diligent labour and talents of its own people, utilize all its avail­able resources fully and in a planned way, and bring all its potential into play in socialist construction. Only thus can it build socialism effectively and develop its economy speedily.

This is the only way lor each socialist country to strengthen the might of the entire socialist camp and enhance its capacity to assist the revolutionary cause of the international proletariat. Therefore, to observe the principle of mainly relying on oneself in construction is to apply proletarian internationalism concretely.

If, proceeding only from its own partial interests, any socialist country unilaterally demands that othei" fraternal countries submit to its needs, and uses the pre­text of opposing what they call "'going it alone" and "nationalism"' to prevent other fraternal countries from

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a p p l y i n g t h e p r i n c i p l e o f r e l y i n g m a i n l y o n t h e i r o w n e f f o r t s i n t h e i r c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d f r o m d e v e l o p i n g t h e i r e c o n o m i e s o n t h e b a s i s o f i n d e p e n d e n c e , o r e v e n g o e s t o t h e l e n g t h o f p u t t i n g e c o n o m i c p r e s s u r e o n o t h e r f r a t e r n a l c o u n t r i e s — t h e n t h e s e a r e p u r e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f n a t i o n a l e g o i s m .

I t i s a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y f o r s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s t o p r a c t i s e m u t u a l e c o n o m i c a s s i s t a n c e a n d c o - o p e r a t i o n a n d e x c h a n g e . S u c h e c o n o m i c c o - o p e r a t i o n m u s t b e b a s e d o n t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f c o m p l e t e e q u a l i t y , m u t u a l b e n e f i t a n d c o m r a d e l y m u t u a l a s s i s t a n c e .

I t w o u l d b e g r e a t - p o w e r c h a u v i n i s m t o d e n y t h e s e b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s a n d , i n t h e n a m e o f " i n t e r n a t i o n a l d i v i s i o n o f l a b o u r " o r " s p e c i a l i z a t i o n " , t o i m p o s e o n e ' s o w n w i l l o n o t h e r s , i n f r i n g e o n t h e i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d s o v e r e i g n t y o f f r a t e r n a l c o u n t r i e s o r h a r m t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e i r p e o p l e .

I n r e l a t i o n s a m o n g s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s i t w o u l d b e p r e ­p o s t e r o u s t o f o l l o w t h e p r a c t i c e o f g a i n i n g p r o f i t f o r o n e s e l f a t t h e e x p e n . s e o f o t h e r s , a p r a c t i c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f r e l a t i o n s a m o n g c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , o r g o s o f a r a s t o t a k e t h e " e c o n o m i c i n t e g r a t i o n " a n d t h e " c o m m o n m a r k e t " , w h i c h m o n o p o l y c a p i t a l i s t g r o u p s h a v e i n ­s t i t u t e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f s e i z i n g m a r k e t s a n d g r a b b i n g p r o f i t s , a s e x a m p l e s w h i c h s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s o u g h t t o f o l l o w i n t h e i r e c o n o m i c c o - o p e r a t i o n a n d m u t u a l a s s i s t ­a n c e ,

( 2 2 ) T h e 1 9 5 7 D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e 1 9 6 0 S t a t e m e n t l a y d o w n t h e p r i n c i p l e s g u i d i n g r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s . T h e s e a r e t h e p r i n c i p l e o f s o l i d a r i t y , t h e p r i n ­c i p l e o f m u t u a l s u p p o r t a n d m u t u a l a s s i s t a n c e , t h e p r i n ­c i p l e o f i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d e q u a l i t y a n d t h e p r i n c i p l e o f r e a c h i n g u n a n i m i t y t h r o u g h c o n s u l t a t i o n — a l l o n t h e

46

b a s i s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l ­i s m .

W e n o t e t h a t i n i t s l e t t e r o f M a r c h 3 0 t h e C e n t r a l C o m ­m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . s a y s t h a t t h e r e a r e n o " s u p e r i o r " a n d " s u b o r d i n a t e " P a r t i e s i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t h a t a l l C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s a r e i n d e p e n d e n t a n d e q u a l , a n d t h a t t h e y s h o u l d a l l b u i l d t h e i r r e l a t i o n s o n t h e b a s i s o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a n d m u t u a l a s s i s t a n c e .

I t i s a f i n e q u a l i t y o f C o m m u n i s t s t h a t t h e i r d e e d s a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e i r w o r d s . T h e o n l y c o r r e c t w a y t o s a f e g u a r d a n d s t r e n g t h e n u n i t y a m o n g t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s i s g e n u i n e l y t o a d h e r e t o , a n d n o t t o v i o l a t e , t h e p r i n c i p l e o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a n d g e n u i n e l y t o o b s e r v e , a n d n o t t o u n d e r m i n e , t h e p r i n c i p l e s g u i d i n g r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s — a n d t o d o s o n o t o n l y i n w o r d s b u t , m u c h m o r e i m p o r t a n t , i n d e e d s .

I f t h e p r i n c i p l e o f i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d e q u a l i t y i s a c ­c e p t e d i n r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , t h e n i t i s i m p e r m i s s i b l e f o r a n y P a r t y t o p l a c e i t s e l f a b o v e o t h e r s , t o i n t e r f e r e i n t h e i r i n t e r n a l a f f a i r s , a n d t o a d o p t p a ­t r i a r c h a l w a y s i n r e l a t i o n s w i t h t h e m .

I f i t i s a c c e p t e d t h a t t h e r e a r e n o " s u p e r i o r s " a n d ' ^ s u b o r d i n a t e s " i n r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , t h e n i t i s i m p e r m i s s i b l e t o i m p o s e t h e p r o g r a m m e , r e s ­o l u t i o n s a n d l i n e o f o n e ' s o w n P a r t y o n o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a s t h e " c o m m o n p r o g r a m m e " o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

I f t h e p r i n c i p l e o f r e a c h i n g u n a n i m i t y t h r o u g h c o n ­s u l t a t i o n i s a c c e p t e d i n r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , t h e n o n e s h o u l d n o t e m p h a s i z e " w h o i s i n t h e m a j o r i t y " o r " w h o i s i n t h e m i n o r i t y " a n d b a n k o n a s o - c a l l e d m a j o r ­i t y i n o r d e r t o f o r c e t h r o u g h o n e ' s o w n e r r o n e o u s l i n e a n d c a r r y o u t s e c t a r i a n a n d s p l i t t i n g p o l i c i e s .

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I f i t i s a g r e e d t h a t d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s s h o u l d b e s e t t l e d t h r o u g h i n t e r - P a r t y c o n s u l t a ­t i o n , t h e n o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s s h o u l d n o t b e a t t a c k e d p u b l i c l y a n d b y n a m e a t o n e ' s o w n c o n g r e s s o r a t o t h e r P a r t y c o n g r e s s e s , i n s p e e c h e s b y P a r t y l e a d e r s , r e s o l u ­t i o n s , s t a t e m e n t s , e t c . ; a n d s t i l l l e s s s h o u l d t h e i d e o l o g ­i c a l d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s b e e x t e n d e d i n t o t h e s p h e r e o f s t a t e r e l a t i o n s .

W e h o l d t h a t i n t h e p r e s e n t c i r c u m s t a n c e s , w h e n t h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t ' m o v e ­m e n t , i t i s p a r t i c u l a r l y i m p o r t a n t t o s t r e s s s t r i c t a d h e r ­e n c e t o t h e p r i n c i p l e s g u i d i n g r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a s l a i d d o w n i n t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e ­m e n t .

I n t h e s p h e r e o f r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d c o u n t r i e s , t h e q u e s t i o n o f S o v i e t - A l b a n i a n r e l a t i o n s i s a n o u t s t a n d i n g o n e a t p r e s e n t . H e r e t h e q u e s t i o n i s w h a t i s t h e c o r r e c t w a y t o t r e a t a f r a t e r n a l P a r t y a n d c o u n t r y a n d w h e t h e r t h e p r i n c i p l e s g u i d i n g r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d c o u n t r i e s s t i p u l a t e d i n t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t a r e t o b e a d h e r e d t o . T h e c o r r e c t s o l u t i o n o f t h i s q u e s t i o n i s a n i m p o r t a n t m a t t e r o f p r i n c i p l e i n s a f e g u a r d i n g t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o ­c i a l i s t c a m p a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t .

H o w t o t r e a t t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t f r a t e r n a l A l b a n i a n P a r t y o f L a b o u r i s o n e q u e s t i o n . H o w t o t r e a t t h e Y u ­g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e o f t r a i t o r s t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m i s q u i t e a n o t h e r q u e s t i o n . T h e s e t w o e s s e n t i a l l y d i f f e r e n t q u e s t i o n s m u s t o n n o a c c o u n t b e p l a c e d o n a p a r .

Y o u r l e t t e r s a y s t h a t y o u " d o n o t r e l i n q u i s h t h e h o p e t h a t t h e r e i a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e C . P - S . U . a n d t h e A l b a n i a n P a r t y o f L a b o u r m a y b e i m p r o v e d " , b u t a t t h e s a m e

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t i m e y o u c o n t i n u e t o a t t a c k t h e A l b a n i a n c o m r a d e s f o r w h a t y o u c a l l " s p l i t t i n g a c t i v i t i e s " . C l e a r l y t h i s i s s e l f -c o n t r a d i c t o r y a n d i n n o w a y c o n t r i b u t e s t o r e s o l v i n g t h e p r o b l e m o f S o v i e t - A l b a n i a n r e l a t i o n s .

W h o i s i t t h a t h a s t a k e n s p l i t t i n g a c t i o n s i n S o v i e t -A l b a n i a n r e l a t i o n s ?

W h o i s i t t l i a t h a s e x t e n d e d t h e i d e o l o g i c a l d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e S o v i e t a n d A l b a n i a n P a r t i e s t o s t a t e r e ­l a t i o n s ?

W h o i s i t t h a t h a s b r o u g h t t h e d i v e r g e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e S o v i e t a n d A l b a n i a n P a r t i e s a n d b e t w e e n t h e t w o c o u n t r i e s i n t o t h e o p e n b e f o r e t h e e n e m y ?

W h o i s i t t h a t h a s o p e n l y c a l l e d f o r a c h a n g e i n t h e A l b a n i a n P a r t y a n d s t a t e l e a d e r s h i p ?

A l l t h i s i s p l a i n a n d c l e a r t o t h e w h o l e w o r l d . I s i t p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e l e a d i n g c o m r a d e s o f t h e C . P . S . U .

d o n o t r e a l l y f e e l t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e f a c t t h a t S o v i e t - A l b a n i a n r e l a t i o n s h a v e s o s e r i o u s l y d e t e r i o r a t e d ?

W e o n c e a g a i n e x p r e s s o u r s i n c e r e h o p e t h a t t h e l e a d ­i n g c o m r a d e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . w i l l o b s e r v e t h e p r i n c i p l e s g u i d i n g r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d c o u n t r i e s a n d t a k e t h e i n i t i a t i v e i n s e e k i n g a n e f f e c t i v e w a y t o i m p r o v e S o v i e t - A l b a n i a n r e l a t i o n s .

I n s h o r t , t h e q u e s t i o n o f h o w t o h a n d l e r e l a t i o n s w i t h f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d c o u n t r i e s m u s t b e t a k e n s e r i o u s l y . S t r i c t a d h e r e n c e t o t h e p r i n c i p l e s g u i d i n g r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d c o u n t r i e s i s t h e o n l y w a y f o r c e f u l l y t o l e b u f f s l a n d e r s s u c h a s t h o s e s p r e a d b y t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a n d r e a c t i o n a r i e s a b o u t t h e " h a n d o f M o s c o w " .

P r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m i s d e m a n d e d o f a l l P a r t i e s w i t h o u t e x c e p t i o n , w h e t h e r l a r g e o r s m a l l , a n d w h e t h ­e r i n p o w e r o r n o t . H o w e v e r , t h e l a r g e r P a r t i e s a n d

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the Parties in power bear a particularly heavy respon­sibility in this respect. The series of distressing develop­ments which have occurred in the socialist camp in the past period have harmed the interests not only of the fraternal Parties concerned but also of the masses of the people in their countries. This convincingly demon­strates that the larger countries and Parties need to keep in mind Lenin's behest never to commit the error of great-power chauvinism.

The comrades of the C.P.S.U. state in their letter that "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union has never taken and will never take a single step that could sow hostility among the peoples of our country towards the fraternal Chinese people or other peoples". Here we do not desire to go back and enumerate the many un­pleasant events that have occurred in the past, and we only wish that the comrades of the C.P.S.U. will strictly abide by this statement in their future actions.

During the past few years, our Party members and our people have exercised the greatest restraint in the face of a series of grave incidents which were in viola­tion of the principles guiding relations among fraternal Parties and countries and despite the many difficulties and losses which have been imposed on us. The spirit of proletarian internationalism of the Chinese Commu­nists and the Chinese people has stood a severe test.

The Communist Party of China is unswervingly loyal to proletarian internationalism, upholds and defends the principles of the 1957 Declaration and the 1960 State­ment guiding relations among fraternal Parties and countries, and safeguards and strengthens the unity of the socialist camp and the international communist movement.

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(23) In order to caiTy out the common programme of the international communist movement unanimously agreed upon by the fraternal Parties, an uncompromising struggle must be waged against all forms of opportun­ism, which is a deviation from Marxism-Leninism.

The Declaration and the Statement point out that re­visionism, or, in other words, Right opportunism, is the main danger in the international communist movement. Yugoslav revisionism typifies modern revisionism.

The Statement points out particularly: The Communist Parties have unanimously con­

demned the Yugoslav variety of international oppor­tunism, a variety of modern revisionist "theories" in concentrated form. It goes on to say:

After betraying Marxism-Leninism, which they termed obsolete, the leaders of the League of Commu­nists of Yugoslavia opposed their anti-Leninist re ­visionist programme to the Declai'ation of 1957; they set the League of Communists of Yugoslavia against the international communist movement as a whole, severed their country from the socialist camp, made it dependent on so-called "aid' ' from U.S. and other imperialists. . . . The Statement says further;

The Yugoslav revisionists carry on subversive work against the socialist camp and the world communist movement. Under the pretext of an extra-bloc policy, they engage in activities which prejudice the unity of all the peace-loving forces and countries.

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T h e j ' e l o r o , i t d r a w s t i n e f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n :

F u r t h e r e x p o s u r e o f t h e l e a d e r s Y u g o s l a v r e ­v i s i o n i s t s a n d a c t i v e s t r u g g l e t o s a f e g u a i d t h e c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d t h e w o r k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t f j - o m t h e a n t i - L e n i n i s t i d o a s o f t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n ­i s t s , r e m a i n s a n e s s e n t i a l t a s k o f t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s l P a r t i e s .

T h e q u e s t i o n r a i s e d h e r e i s a n i m p o r t a n t o n e o f p r i n ­c i p l e f o r t l i e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

O n l y r e c e n t l y t h e T i t o c l i q u e h a v e p u b l i c l y s t a t e d t h a t t h e y a r e p e r s i s t i n g i n t h e i r r e v i s i o n i s t p r o g r a m m e a n d a n t i - M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t , s t a n d i n o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e D e c l a r a ­t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t .

U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m a n d i t s N A T O p a r t n e r s h a v e s p e n t s e v e r a l t h o u s a n d m i l l i o n s o f U . S . d o l l a r s n u r s i n g t h e T i t o c l i q u e f o r a l o n g t i m e . C l o a k e d a s " M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t s " a n d f l a u n t i n g t h e b a n n e r o f a " s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y " , t h e T i t o c l i q u e h a s b e e n u n d e r m i n i n g t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y c a u s e o f t h e p e o p l e o f t h e w o r l d , s e r v i n g a s a s p e c i a l d e t a c h m e n t o f U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m .

I t i s c o m p l e t e l y g r o u n d l e s s a n d o u t o f k e e p i n g w i t h t h e f a c t s t o a s s e r t t h a t Y u g o s l a v i a i s s h o w i n g " d e f i n i t e p o s i t i v e t e n d e n c i e s " , t h a t i t i s a " s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y " , a n d t h a t t h e T i t o c l i q u e i s a n " a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f o r c e " .

C e r t a i n p e r s o n s a r e n o w a t t e m p t i n g t o i n t r o d u c e t h e Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s t c l i q u e i n t o t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t r a n k s . T h i s i s o p e n l y t o t e a r u p t h e a g r e e m e n t u n a n i m o u s l y r e a c h e d a t t h e 1 9 6 0 m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d i s a b s o l u t e l y i m p e r m i s s i b l e .

02

O v e r t h e p a s t f e w y e a r s , t h e r e v i s i o n i s t t r e n d f l o o d i n g t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t a n d t h e m a n y e x p e r i e n c e s a n d l e s s o n s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t h a v e f u l l y c o n f i r m e d t h e c o r r e c t n c a s o f t h e c o n c l u s i o n i n t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t t h a t r e v i s i o n i s m i s t h e m a i n d a n g e r i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a t p r e s e n t .

H o w e v e r , c e r t a i n p e r s o n s a r e o p e n l y s a y i n g t h a t d o g ­m a t i s m a n d n o t r e v i s i o n i s m i s t h e m a i n d a n g e r , o r t h a t d o g m a t i s m i s n o l e s s d a n g e r o u s t h a n r e v i s i o n i s m , e t c . W h a t s o r t o f p r i n c i p l e u n d e r l i e s a l l t h i s ?

F i r m M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a n d g e n u i n e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s m u s t p u t p r i n c i p l e s f i r s t . T h e y m u s t n o t b a r t e r a w a y p r i n c i p l e s , a p p r o v i n g o n e t h i n g t o d a y a n d a n o t h e r t o m o r r o w , a d v o c a t i n g o n e t h i n g t o d a y a n d a n o t h e r t o ­m o r r o w .

T o g e t h e r w i t h a l l M a i - x i s t - L e n i n i s t s , t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t s w i l l c o n t i n u e t o w a g e a n u n c o m p r o m i s i n g s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t m o d e r n r e v i s i o n i s m i n o r d e r t o d e f e n d t h e p u r i t y o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t h e p r i n c i p l e d s t a n d o f t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t .

W h i l e c o m b a t i n g r e v i s i o n i s m , w h i c h i s t h e m a i n d a n g e r i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , C o m ­m u n i s t s m u s t a l s o c o m b a t d o g m a t i s m .

A s s t a t e d i n t h e 1 9 5 7 D e c l a r a t i o n , p r o l e t a r i a n p a r t i e s " s h o u l d f i r m l y a d h e r e t o t h e p r i n c i p l e o f c o m b i n i n g . . .

. u n i v e r s a l M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t r u t h w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c p r a c t i c e o f r e v o l u t i o n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e i r c o u n ­t r i e s " .

T h a t i s t o s a y : O n t h e o n e h a n d , i t i s n e c e s s a r y a t a l l t i m e s t o a d h e r e

t o t h e u n i v e r s a l t r u t h o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m . F a i l u r e

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to do so will lead to Right opportunist or revisionist errors.

On the other hand, it is always necessary to proceed from reality, maintain close contact with the masses, constantly sum up the experience of mass struggles, and independently work out and apply policies and tactics suited to the conditions of one's own countiy. Errors of dogmatism will be committed if one fails to do so, if one mechanically copies the policies and tactics of an­other Communist Party, submits blindly to the will of others or accepts without analysis the programme and resolutions of another Communist Party as one's own line.

Some people are now violating this basic principle, which was long ago affirmed in the Declaration. On the pretext of "creatively developing Marxism-Leninism", they cast aside the universal t ru th of Marxism-Leninism. Moi'eover, they describe as ' 'uni­versal Marxist-Leninist t ru ths" their own prescriptions which are based on nothing but subjective conjecture and are divorced from reality and from the masses, and they force others to accept these prescriptions uncon­ditionally.

That is why many grave phenomena have come to pass in the international communist movement.

(24) A most important lesson from the experience of the international communist movement is that the de­velopment and victory of a revolution depend on the existence of a revolutionary proletarian party.

There must be a revolutionary party. There must be a revolutionary party built according

to the revolutionary theory and revolutionary style of Marxism-Leninism.

54

There must be a revolutionary party able to integrate the universal t ru th of Marxism-Leninism with the con­crete practice of the revolution in its own country.

There must be a revolutionary party able to link the leadership closely with the broad masses of the people.

There must be a revolutionary party that perseveres in the truth, corrects its errors and knows how to con­duct criticism and self-criticism.

Only such a revolutionary party can lead the pro­letariat and the broad masses of the people in defeating imperialism and its lackeys, winning a thorough victory in the national democratic revolution and winning the socialist revolution.

If a party is not a proletarian revolutionary party but a bourgeois reformist par ty;

If it is not a Marxist-Leninist party but a revisionist party;

If it is not a vanguard party of the proletariat but a party tailing after the bourgeoisie;

If it is not a party representing the interests of the proletariat and all the working people but a party rep­resenting the interests of the labour aristocracy;

If it is not an internationalist party but a nationalist party;

If it is not a party that can use its brains to think for itself and acquire an accurate knowledge of the trends of the different classes in its own country through serious investigation and study, and knows how to apply the universal t ruth of Marxism-Leninism and integrate it with the concrete practice of its own country, but in­stead is a party that parrots the words of others, copies foreign experience without analysis, runs hither and thither in response to the baton of certain persons abroad,

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and has become a hodgepodge of revisionism, dogmatism and everything but Marxist-Leninist principle;

Then such a party is absolutely incapable of leading the proletariat and the masses in revolutionary struggle, absolutely incapable of winning the revolution and absolutely incapable of fulfilling the great historical mission of the proletariat.

This is a question all Marxist-Leninists, all class-conscious workers and all progressive people everywhere need to ponder deeply. ,

(25) It is the duty of Marxist-Leninists to distinguish between truth and falsehood with respect to the differ­ences that have arisen in the international communist movement. In the common interest of the unity for struggle against the enemy, we have always advocated solving problems through inter-Party consultations and opposed bringing differences into the open before the enemy.

As the comrades of the C.P.S.U. know, the public po­lemics in the international communist movement have been provoked by certain fraternal Par ty leaders and forced on us.

Since a public debate has been provoked, it ought to be conducted on the basis of equality among fraternal Parties and of democracy, and by presenting the facts and reasoning things out.

Since certain Par ty leaders have publicly attacked other fraternal Parties and provoked a public debate, it is our opinion that they have no reason or right to forbid the fraternal Parties attacked to make public re ­plies.

Since certain Par ty leaders have published innumer­able articles attacking other fraternal Parties, why do

56

they not publish in their own press the articles those Parties have writ ten in reply?

Latterly, the Communist Par ty of China has been subjected to preposterous attacks. The attackers have raised a great hue and cry and, disregarding the facts, have fabricated many charges against us. We have published these articles and speeches attacking us in our own press.

We have also published in full in our press the Soviet leader's report at the meeting of the Suprem.e Soviet on December 12, 1962, the Pravda Editorial Board's article of January 7, 1963, the speech of the head of the C.P.S.U. delegation at the Sixth Congress of the Socialist Unity Par ty of Germany on January 16, 1963 and the Pravda Editorial Board's article of February 10, 1963.

We have also published the full text of the two letters from the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U. dated February 21 and March 30, 1963.

We have replied to some of the articles and speeches in which fraternal Parties have attacked us, but have not yet replied to others. For example, we have not directly replied to the many articles and speeches of the comrades of the C.P.S.U. . Between December 15, 1962 and March 8, 1963, we wrote seven articles in reply to our attackers. These articles are entitled:

"Workeis of All Countries, Unite, Oppose Our Com­mon Enemy!",

"The Differences Between Comrade Toghatti and Us", "Leninism and Modern Revisionism", "Let Us Unite on the Basis of the Moscow Declaration

and the Moscow Statement", 57

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" W h e n c e t h e D i f f e r e n c e s ? — A R e p l y t o T h o r e z a n d O t h e r C o m r a d e s " ,

" M o r e o n t h e D i f f e r e n c e s B e t w e e n C o m r a d e T o g l i a t t i a n d U s — S o m e I m p o r t a n t P r o b l e m s o f L e n i n i s m i n t h e C o n t e m p o r a r y W o r l d " ,

" A C o m m e n t o n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e U . S . A . " .

P r e s u m a b l y , y o u a r e r e f e r r i n g t o t h e s e a r t i c l e s w h e n t o w a r d s t h e e n d o f y o u r l e t t e r o f M a r c h 3 0 y o u a c c u s e t h e C h i n e s e p r e s s o f m a k i n g " g r o u n d l e s s a t t a c k s " o n t h e C . P . S . U . I t i s t u r n i n g t h i n g s u p s i d e d o w n t o d e s c r i b e a r t i c l e s r e p l y i n g t o o u r a t t a c k e r s a s " a t t a c k s " .

S i n c e y o u d e s c r i b e o u r a r t i c l e s a s " g r o u n d l e s s " a n d a s s o v e r y b a d , w h y d o y o u n o t p u b l i s h a l l s e v e n o f t h e s e " g r o u n d l e s s a t t a c k s ' " , i n t h e s a m e w a y a s w e h a v e p u b l i s h e d y o u r a r t i c l e s , a n d l e t a l l t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s a n d S o v i e t p e o p l e t h i n k f o r t h e m s e l v e s a n d J u d g e w h o i s r i g h t a n d w h o w r o n g ? Y o u a r e o f c o u r s e e n t i t l e d t o m a k e a p o i n t - b y - p o i n t r e f u t a t i o n o f t h e s e a r t i c l e s y o u c o n s i d e r " g r o u n d l e s s a t t a c k s " .

A l t h o u g h y o u c a l l our a r t i c l e s " g r o u n d l e s s " a n d o u r a r g u m e n t s w r o n g , y o u d o n o t t e l l t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e w h a t o u r a r g u m e n t s a c t u a l l y a r e . T h i s p r a c t i c e c a n h a r d l y b e d e s c r i b e d a s s h o w i n g a s e r i o u s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e d i s c u s s i o n o f p r o b l e m s b y f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , t o w a r d s t h e t r u t h o r t o w a r d s t h e m a s s e s .

W e h o p e t h a t t h e p u b l i c d e b a t e a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s c a n b e s t o p p e d . T h i s i s a p r o b l e m t h a t h a s t o b e d e a l t w i t h i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f i n ­d e p e n d e n c e , o f e q u a l i t y a n d o f r e a c h i n g u n a n i m i t y t h r o u g h c o n s u l t a t i o n a m o n g X r a t e i ' n a l P a r t i e s . I n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , n o o n e h a s t h e r i g h t t o l a u n c h a t t a c k s w h e n e v e r h e w a n t s , o r t o o r d e r t h e

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" e n d i n g o f o p e n p o l e m i c s " w h e n e v e r h e w a n t s t o p r e ­v e n t t h e o t h e r s i d e f r o m r e p l y i n g .

I t i s k n o w n t o t h e c o m r a d e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . t h a t , i n o r d e r t o c r e a t e a f a v o u r a b l e a t m o s p h e r e f o r c o n v e n i n g t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , w e h a v e d e c i d e d t e m p o r a r i l y t o s u s p e n d , a s f r o m M a r c h 9 , 1 9 6 3 , p u b l i c r e p l i e s t o t h e p u b l i c a t t a c k s d i r e c t e d b y n a m e a g a i n s t u s b y c o m r a d e s o f f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s . W e r e s e r v e t h e r i g h t o f p u b l i c r e p l y .

I n o u r l e t t e r o f M a r c h 9 , w e s a i d t h a t o n t h e q u e s t i o n o f s u s p e n d i n g p u b l i c d e b a t e " i t i s n e c e s s a r y t h a t o u r t w o P a r t i e s a n d t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s c o n c e r n e d s h o u l d h a v e s o m e d i s c u s s i o n a n d r e a c h a n a g r e e m e n t t h a t i s f a i r a n d a c c e p t a b l e t o a l l ' ' .

* * *

T h e f o r e g o i n g a r e o u r v i e w s r e g a r d i n g t h e g e n e r a l l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d s o m e r e ­l a t e d q u e s t i o n s o f p r i n c i p l e . W e h o p e , a s w e i n d i c a t e d a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h i s l e t t e r , t h a t t h e f r a n k p r e s e n t a ­t i o n o f o u r v i e w s w i l l b e c o n d u c i v e t o m u t u a l u n d e r ­s t a n d i n g . O f c o u r s e , c o m r a d e s m a y a g r e e o r d i s a g r e e w i t h t h e s e v i e w s . B u t i n o u r o p i n i o n , t h e q u e s t i o n s w e d i s c u s s h e r e a r e t h e c r u c i a l q u e s t i o n s c a l l i n g f o r a t t e n ­t i o n a n d s o l u t i o n b y t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t . W e h o p e t h a t a l l t h e s e q u e s t i o n s a n d a l s o t h o s e r a i s e d i n y o u r l e t t e r w i l l b e f u l l y d i s c u s s e d i n t h e t a l k s b e t w e e n o u r t w o P a r t i e s a n d a t t h e m e e t i n g o f r e p r e ­s e n t a t i v e s o f a l l t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s .

I n a d d i t i o n , t h e r e a r e o t h e r q u e s t i o n s o f c o m m o n c o n ­c e r n , s u c h a s t h e c r i t i c i s m o f S t a l i n a n d s o m e i m p o r t a n t m a t t e r s o f p r i n c i p l e r e g a r d i n g t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t w h i c h w e r e r a i s e d a t t h e 2 0 t h a n d

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22nd Congresses of the C.P.S.U., and we hope that on these questions, too, there will be a frank exchange of opinion in the talks.

With regard to the talks between our two Parties, in our letter of March 9 we proposed that Comrade Khrush-chov come to Peking; if this was not convenient, we pro­posed that another responsible comrade of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U. lead a delegation to Peking or that we send a delegation to Moscow.

Since you have stated in youi- letter of March 30 that Comrade Khrushchov cannot come to China, and since you have not expressed a desire to send a delegation to China, the Central Committee of the Communist Par ty of China has decided to send a delegation to Moscow.

In your letter of March 30, you invited Comrade Mao Tse-tung to visit the Soviet Union. As early as February 23, Comrade Mao Tse-tung in his conversation with the Soviet Ambassador to China clearly stated the reason why he was not prepared to visit the Soviet Union at the present time. You were well aware of this.

When a responsible comrade of the Central Committee of the Communist Par ty of China received the Soviet Ambassador to China on May 9, he informed you that we would send a delegation to Moscow in the middle of June. Later, in compliance with the request of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U.. we agreed to postpone the talks between our two Parties to July 5.

We sincerely hope that the talks between the Chinese and Soviet Parties will yield positive results and con­tr ibute to the preparations for convening the meeting of all Communist and Workers' Parties.

It is now more than ever necessary for all Commu­nists to unite on the basis of Marxism-Leninism and

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proletarian internationalism and of the Declaration and the Statement unanimously agreed upon by the Craternal Parties.

Together with Marxist-Leninist Parties and revolu­tionary people the world over. tJie Communist Par ty of China will continue its unremitt ing efforts to uphold the interests of the socialist camp and the international communist movement, the cause of the emancipation of the oppressed peoples and nations, and the struggle against imperialism and for world peace.

We hope that events which grieve those near and dear to us and only gladden the enemy will not recur in the international communist movement in the future.

The Chinese Communists firmly believe that the Marxist-Leninists, the proletariat and the revolutionary people everywhere v/ill unite more closely, overcome all difficulties and obstacles and win still greater victo­ries in the struggle against imperialism and for world peace, and in the fight for the revolutionary cause of the people of the world and the cause of international communism.

Workers of all countries, unite! Workers and op­pressed peoples and nations of the world, uni te! Oppose our common enemy!

With communist greetings, The Central Committee of

the Communist Party of China

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THE L E T T E R OF T H E CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF T H E C.P.S.U. TO T H E CENTRAL COMMITTEE

OF THE C.P.C.

( M a r c h 3 0 , 1 9 6 3 )

M a r c h 3 0 , 1 9 6 3 The Central Committee of the

Communist Party of China

D e a r C o m r a d e s ,

T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n n o t e s w i t h s a t i s f a c t i o n t h a t o u r p r o p o s a l s o n m e a s u r e s a i m e d a t s t r e n g t h e n i n g u n i t y a n d s o l i d a r i t y i n t h e r a n k s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t h a v e m e t w i t h a f a v o u r a b l e r e s p o n s e o n t h e p a r t o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a . W e w e l c o m e y o u r a g r e e m e n t t o t h e h o l d i n g o f a m e e t i n g b e t w e e n r e p r e s e n t ­a t i v e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d C . P . C . T h i s m e e t i n g i s c a l l e d u p o n t o p l a y a n i m p o r t a n t p a r t i n c r e a t i n g a f a v o u r a b l e a t m o s p h e r e i n r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d i n s m o o t h i n g o u t t h e d i f f e r e n c e s w h i c h h a v e a r i s e n i n r e c e n t t i m e s i n t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . W e w o u l d l i k e t o h o p e t h a t a s a r e s u l t o f t h i s m e e t i n g i t w i l l b e p o s s i b l e t o c a r r y o u t a n u m b e r o f c o n s t r u c t i v e m e a s ­u r e s t o s u r m o u n t e x i s t i n g d i f f i c u l t i e s .

I n i t s l e t t e r t h e C . P . C . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e i n v i t e s C o m ­r a d e N . S . K h r u s h c h o v t o v i s i t P e k i n g e n r o u t e t o C a m ­b o d i a . T h e C . P . S . U . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e a n d C o m r a d e

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N . S . K h r u s h c h o v e x p r e s s g r a t i t u d e f o r t h i s i n v i t a t i o n . C o m r a d e N . S . K h r u s h c h o v w o u l d w i t h g r e a t p l e a s u r e v i s i t t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a , a n d m e e t t h e l e a d e r ­s h i p o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a t o e x c h a n g e v i e w s o n u r g e n t q u e s t i o n s o f t h e i n l c r n a t i o n a l s i t u a t i o n a n d o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t w i t h t l i e o b j e c t o f a c h i e v i n g a c o m m o n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f o u r t a s k s a n d s t r e n g t h e n i n g s o l i d a r i t y b e t w e e n o u r P a r t i e s . H o w e v e r , i t I s n o t i n f a c t p l a n n e d t h a t C o m r a d e N . S . K h r u s h c h o v w i l l m a k e a t o u r o f C a m b o d i a a s y o u m e n t i o n i n y o u r l e t t e r . A s w e a l l k n o w , i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h a d e c i s i o n p a s s e d b y o u r l e a d i n g b o d i e s o n F e b r u a r y 1 2 , 1 9 6 3 , C o m r a d e L . I . B r e 2 h n e v , P r e s i d e n t o f t h e P r e s i d i u m o f t h e U . S . S . R . S u p r e m e S o ­v i e t , w i l l t r a v e l t o C a m b o d i a , a s t h e C a m b o d i a n G o v e r n ­m e n t h a s a l r e a d y b e e n n o t i f i e d a n d a s h a s b e e n a n n o u n c e d i n t h e p r e s s . C o m r a d e N . S . K h r u s h c h o v , w h o h a s a l r e a d y v i s i t e d t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a t h r e e t i m e s , d o e s n o t l o s e h o p e oi a v a i l i n g h i m s e l f o f y o u r k i n d i n v i t a t i o n i n t h e f u t u r e t o v i s i t C h i n a a n d m e e t t h e C h i n e s e c o m r a d e s .

W e r e m e m b e r t h a t d u r i n g h i s s t a y i n M o s c o w i n 1 9 5 7 C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g s a i d t h a t h e h a d o n l y b e e n i n t h e U . S . S . R . t w i c e a n d h a d o n l y v i s i t e d M o s c o w a n d L e n i n ­g r a d . H e e x p r e s s e d t h e d e s i r e t o v i s i t t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a g a i n t o b e c o m e b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d w i t h o u r c o u n t r y . H e s a i d t h e n t h a t h e w o u l d l i k e t o t r a v e l f r o m t h e F a r E a s t e r n b o r d e r s o f o u r c o u n t r y t o t h e w e s t e r n b o r d e r s , a n d f r o m t h e n o r t h e r n t o t h e s o u t h e r n b o r d e r s . W e w e l ­c o m e d t h i s d e s i r e o f C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g .

T h e C . P . S . U . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e s e n t a l e t t e r t o C o m ­r a d e M a o T s o - t u n g o n M a y 12, 1 9 6 0 , i n v i t i n g h i m t o c o m e a n d s p e n d a h o l i d a y i n t h e U . S . S . R . a n d f a m i l i a r i z e h i m ­s e l f w i t h t h e l i f e o f t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e . U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,

6 4

C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g c o u l d n o t a t t h a t t i m e a v a i l h i m ­s e l f o f o u r i n v i t a t i o n . T h e C . P . S . U . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e w o u l d w e l c o m e a v i s i t b y C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g . T h e b e s t t i m e f o r s u c h a v i s i t w o u l d b e t h e a p p r o a c h i n g s p r i n g o r s u m m e r , w h i c h a r e t h e g o o d s e a s o n s o f t h e y e a r i n o u r c o u n t r y . W e a r e a l s o r e a d y a t a n y o t h e r t i m e t o g i v e a w o r t h y r e c e p t i o n t o C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g a s a r e p r e ­s e n t a t i v e o f a f r a t e r n a l P a r t y a n d o f t h e f r a t e r n a l C h i n e s e p e o p l e . I n t h i s t o u r o f o u r c o u n t r y , C o m r a d e M a o T s e -t u n g w o u l d n o t , o f c o u r s e , b e a l o n e . C o m r a d e s f r o m t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f o u r P a r t y w o u l d g o w i t h h i m , a n d i t w o u l d b e a f i n e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r a n e x c h a n g e o f o p i n i o n o n d i f f e r e n t q u e s t i o n s . C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g w o u l d b e a b l e t o s e e h o w t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e a r e w o r k i n g , a n d w h a t s u c c e s s e s t h e y h a v e s c o r e d i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f c o m ­m u n i s m a n d i n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e P r o g r a m m e o f o u r P a r t y .

I f a v i s i t b y C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g t o M o s c o w c a n n o t t a k e p l a c e a t p r e s e n t , w e a r e r e a d y t o a c c e p t y o u r i d e a s a b o u t a t o p - l e v e l m e e t i n g b e t w e e n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d C . P . C . i n M o s c o w . W e b e l i e v e t h a t a m e e t i n g o f t h i s k i n d c o u l d t a k e p l a c e a r o u n d M a y 1 5 , 1 9 6 3 , i f t h i s d a t e i s a c c e p t a b l e t o y o u .

W e a r e v e r y p l e a s e d t h a t t h e C h i n e s e c o m r a d e s , l i k e o u r ­s e l v e s , r e g a r d t h e f o r t h c o m i n g m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C . P . C . a n d t h e C P . S . U . a s a ^ ' n e c e s s a r y s t e p i n p r e ­p a r i n g f o r t h e m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s o f a i l c o u n t r i e s . " I n d e e d , w i t h o u t v i o l a t i n g t h e p r i n c i p l e o f e q u a l i t y a n d w i t h o u t i n f r i n g ­i n g u p o n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , t h i s m e e t i n g m u s t f a c i l i t a t e t h e b e t t e r p r e p a i ' a t i o n a n d h o l d i n g o f t h e m e e t i n g . W i t h o u t s u c h a m e e t i n g , a n d w i t h o u t t h e e n d i n g o f o p e n p o l e m i c s i n t h e p r e s s a n d o f

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c r i t i c i s m w i t h i n t h e P a r t y o f o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , p r e p ­a r a t i o n f o r t h e m e e t i n g a n d t h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f i t s m a i n a i m — t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t — w o u l d b e d i f f i c u l t . P r e c i s e l y f o r t h i s r e a s o n t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . , w h i l e a g r e e i n g w i t h t h e p r o p o s a l s m a d e b y t h e V i e t n a m e s e , I n ­d o n e s i a n , B r i t i s h . S w e d i s h a n d o t h e r c o m r a d e s a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f 1 9 6 2 r e g a r d i n g t h e c o n v o c a t i o n o f a m e e t ­i n g o f f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , a t t h e s a m e t i m e s t r e s s e d t h e n e e d f o r t a k i n g s u c h m e a s u r e s a s w o u l d c r e a t e a f a v o u r a b l e a t m o s p h e r e f o r t h e w o r k o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t f o r u m .

I n i t s l e t t e r o f F e b r u a r y 2 2 , 1 9 6 2 , t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . u r g e d t h a t " u n n e c e s s a r y a r g u m e n t s b e s t o p p e d r e g a r d i n g q u e s t i o n s o n w h i c h w e h a v e d i f f e r e n t o p i n i o n s , t h a t p u b l i c s t a t e m e n t s c a p a b l e o f a g g r a v a t i n g r a t h e r t h a n s m o o t h i n g o u t o u r d i f f e r e n c e s b e g i v e n u p . " I n t h e l e t t e r t o t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . C . o f M a y 3 1 , 1 9 6 2 , w e w r o t e : " A s y o u a r e w e l l a w a r e , o u r P a r t y h a s a l w a y s c o m e o u t a n d s t i l l c o m e s o u t f o r c o l l e c t i v e d i s c u s s i o n o f v i t a l p r o b l e m s o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . w a s t h e i n i t i a t o r o f t h e M e e t i n g s o f F r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s i n 1 9 5 7 a n d 1 9 6 0 . I n b o t h c a s e s t h e s e m e e t i n g s w e r e c o n n e c t e d w i t h s e r i o u s c h a n g e s i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s i t u a t i o n a n d t h e n e e d f o r w o i ' k i n g o u t c u i ' r e s p o n d i n g t a c t i c s i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . N o w t o o w e f u l l y s u p p o r t t h e p r o p o s a l f o r t h e c o n v o c a t i o n o f a m e e t i n g o f a l l t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s . "

W e c o n s i d e r e d i t w o u l d b e u s e f u l i n t h e p r e p a r ' a t i o n s f o r s u c h a m e e t i n g t h a t t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s c o u l d t h o r o u g h l y a n d p r o f o u n d l y a n a l y s e t h e n e w p h e n o m e n a i n i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l a f f a i r s a n d t h e i r o w n a c t i v i t y i n c a r r y i n g o u t t h e c o l l e c t i v e d e c i s i o n s o f o u r m o v e m e n t . T h e C e n t r a l C o m -

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m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . d i s p l a y e d c o n c e r n , p e r f e c t l y u n d e r ­s t a n d a b l e t o a l l C o m m u n i s t s , t h a t t h e m e e t i n g s h o u l d n o t a g g r a v a t e t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b u t d o a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e t o o v e r c o m e t h e m .

I n t h e i r p r o n o u n c e m e n t s m a n y o f t h e l e a d e r s o f f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s h a v e r e c e n t l y b e e n j u s t l y e x p r e s s i n g t h e s a m e p o i n t o f v i e w o n t h e n e c e s s i t y o f t a k i n g , b e f o r e t h e m e e t ­i n g , a n u m b e r o f s t e p s t o c r e a t e a n o r m a l s i t u a t i o n i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d t o p l a c e c o n f l i c t s o f o p i n i o n s w i t h i n t h e p e r m i s s i b l e b o u n d s o f a c o n u a d e l y P a r t y d i s ­c u s s i o n . N o w y o u a l s o a g r e e w i t h t h i s , a s i s s e e n f r o m y o u r l e t t e r , a n d i t c a n b e s a i d t h a t c e r t a i n p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m a d e i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e f o r t h c o m i n g m e e t i n g .

I t g o e s w i t h o u t s a y i n g t h a t w h e n o u r t w o P a r t i e s a r e d i s c u s s i n g q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g a l l f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , t h e d i s c u s s i o n c a n o n l y b e o f a p r e l i m i n a r y n a t u r e . T h e 1 9 5 7 a n d 1 9 6 0 M e e t i n g s h a v e s h o w n t h a t t h e e l a b o r a t i o n o f t h e p o l i c y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t c a n b e s u c c e s s f u l o n l y i f a l l f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s c o l l e c t i v e l y t a k e p a r t i n i t a n d i f d u e c o n s i d e r a t i o n i s g i v e n t o t h e e x t e n ­s i v e e x p e r i e n c e o f a l l i t s c o m p o n e n t d e t a c h m e n t s .

W e h a v e a t t e n t i v e l y s t u d i e d y o u r v i e w s c o n c e r n i n g t h e r a n g e o f q u e s t i o n s w h i c h c o u l d b e d i s c u s s e d a t t h e m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a . T h e s e a r c i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n s , a n d w e a r e r e a d y t o d i s ­c u s s t h e m .

I n o u r t u r n , w e w o u l d l i k e t o d w e l l i n t h i s l e t t e r o n s o m e q u e s t i o n s o f p r i n c i p l e , w h i c h , i n o u r o p i n i o n , a r e t h e c e n t r e o f a t t e n t i o n o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d t h e i r s t m g g l e f o r o u r c o m m o n c a u s e . W e d o n o t m e a n , o f c o u r s e , a n e x h a u s t i v e s t a t e m e n t o f o u r v i e w s o n t h e s e q u e s t i o n s . W e o n l y w i s h t o n o t e t h a t w h i c h i s o f p a r a -

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m o u n t i m p o r t a n c e , b y w h i c h w e a r e g u i d e d i n o u r p o l i c y i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a a n d i n o u r r e l a t i o n s w i t h f r a ­t e r n a l P a r t i e s .

W e h o p e t h a t t h i s s t a t e m e n t o f o u r v i e w s w i l l h e l p t o d e f i n e t h e r a n g e o f q u e s t i o n s r e q u i r i n g a n e x c h a n g e o f o p i n i o n s a t a b i l a t e r a l m e e t i n g a n d w i l l c o n t r i b u t e t o o v e r ­c o m i n g t h e e x i s t i n g d i f f e r e n c e s . W e a r e d o i n g t h i s s o a s t o s t r e s s o n c e a g a i n o u r d e t e r m i n a t i o n t o u p h o l d f i r m l y a n d c o n s i s t e n t l y t h e i d e o l o g i c a l s t a n d p o i n t o f t h e e n t i r e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , i t s g e n e r a l l i n e a s e x p r e s s e d i n t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t .

D u r i n g t h e t i m e t h a t h a s p a s s e d s i n c e t h e a d o p t i o n o f t h e S t a t e m e n L , e x p e r i e n c e h a s n o t o n l y n o t i n v a l i d a t e d a n y o f i t s m a i n c o n c l u s i o n s , b u t h a s , o n t h e c o n t r a r y , f u l l y c o n f i r m e d t h e c o r r e c t n e s s o f t h e c o u r s e t a k e n b y t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a s w o r k e d o u t j o i n t l y t h r o u g h g e n e r a l i z a t i o n o f p r e s e n t - d a y e x p e r i e n c e a n d t h e c r e a t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m .

T h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n p r o c e e d s f r o m t h e b a s i s t h a t o u r e p o c h , w h o s e m a i n c o n t e n t i s t h e t r a n s i t i o n f r o m c a p i t a l i s m t o s o c i a l i s m , i n i t i a t e d b y t h e G r e a t O c t o b e r S o c i a l i s t R e v o l u t i o n , i s a n e p o c h o f s t r u g ­g l e b e t w e e n t w o o p p o s e d s o c i a l s y s t e m s , a n e p o c h o f s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n s a n d n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n r e v o l u t i o n s , a n e p o c h o f I h e c o l l a p s e o f i m p e r i a l i s m , o f t h e a b o l i t i o n o f t l i e c o l o n i a l s y s t e m , a n e p o c h o f t r a n s i t i o n t o s o c i a l i s m b y e v e r m o r e n a t i o n s , o f t h e t r i u m p h o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m o n a w o r l d s c a l e .

T h e s i t u a t i o n t h a t h a s d e v e l o p e d i n t h e w o r l d a n d t h e c h a n g e s i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e c l a s s f o r c e s i n t h e i n ­t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a w h i c h o p e n e d u p n e w o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r o u r m o v e m e n t d e m a n d e d t h a t a g e n e r a l l i n e b e w o i ' k e d

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O u t f o r t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a g e n e r a l l i n e i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h i t s b a s i c t a s k s a t t h e p r e s e n t s t a g e .

A f t e r t h e S e c o n d W o r l d W a r a n u m b e r oE c o u n t r i e s i n E u r o p e t o o k t h e r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m , a s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n t r i u m p h e d i n C h i n a a n d o t h e r A s i a n c o u n t r i e s , a n d a w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m w a s f o r m e d . T h e n e w s y s t e m g r e w s t r o n g i n t h e c o u n t r i e s o f P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c y a n d w a s a b l e t o e n s u r e a r a p i d r a t e o f e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l a n d c u l ­t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e c o u n t r i e s f o l l o w i n g t h e r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m . T h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y w a s c l o s e l y u n i t e d p o l i t i c a l l y a n d m i l i t a r i l y . T h a n k s t o t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o t t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d o t h e r f r a t e r n a l c o u n t r i e s t h e c o r r e ­l a t i o n o f f o r c e s i n t h e w o r l d c h a n g e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y i n f a v o u r o f s o c i a l i s m , a n d t o t h e d e t r i m e n t o f i m p e r i a l i s m . A n i m p o r t a n t p a r t i n t h i s r e s p e c t w a s p l a y e d b y t h e e n d ­i n g o f A m e r i c a ' s m o n o p o l y o f a t o m i c a n d h y d r o g e n w e a p o n s a n d b y t h e c r e a t i o n o f a m i g h t y w a r p o t e n t i a l b y t h e S o v i e t U n i o n .

T h e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m i s a h i s ­t o r i c a c h i e v e m e n t o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d o f a l l t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e . T h i s a c h i e v e m e n t i s t h e i n c a r ­n a t i o n o f m a n k i n d ' s d r e a m s o f a n e w s o c i e t y . T h e g r o w t h o f p r o d u c t i o n a n d t h e v a s t a c h i e v e m e n t s o f s c i e n c e a n d e n g i n e e r i n g i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s h a v e h e l p e d t o p r o v i d e t l i e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y w i t h a n e c o n o m i c a n d m i l i t a r y m i g h t t h a t r e l i a b l y d e f e n d s t h e g a i n s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d a l s o s e r v e s a s a m i g h t y m a i n s t a y o f p e a c e a n d s e c u ­r i t y f o r t h e p e o p l e s o f t h e w o r l d .

T h e r a d i c a l c h a n g e i n t h e c o r r e l a t i o n o f f o r c e s i s a l s o c o n n e c t e d w i t h a f u r t h e r i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n o f t h e g e n e r a l c r i s i s o f c a p i t a l i s m , t h e i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n o f a l l i t s c o n t r a d i c ­t i o n s . A f t e r t h e e n d o f t h e S e c o n d W o r l d W a r a c h a n g e o c c u r r e d i n t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f f o r c e s w i t h i n t h e i r a p e r i a l -

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i s t c a m p . F o l l o w i n g t h e e c o n o m i c c e n t r e , t h e p o l i t i c a l a n d m i l i t a r y c e n t r e s o f i m p e r i a l i s m a l s o s h i f t e d f r o m E u r o p e t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a . T h e m o n o p o l i s t b o u r ­g e o i s i e o f t h e U . S . A . h a s b e c o m e t h e m a i n c i t a d e l o f i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l r e a c t i o n , a n d h a s a s s u m e d t h e r o l e o f t h e s a v i o u r o f c a p i t a l i s m . T h e A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s a r e n o w p e r ­f o r m i n g t h e f u n c t i o n s o f a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l g e n d a r m e . U s i n g t h e p o l i c y o f m i l i t a r y b l o c s , t h e A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l i s t s e n d e a v o u r t o s u b o r d i n a t e t o t h e i r r u l e o t h e r c a p i t a l i s t s t a t e s . T h i s e v o k e s o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o n t h e p a r t o f F r a n c e , W e s t G e r m a n y , J a p a n a n d o t h e r m a j o r c a p i t a l i s t s t a t e s . T h e r e c o v e r y o f t h e e c o n o m y o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s w h i c h h a d s u f f e r e d i n t h e w o r l d w a r , a n d t h e i r r a t e o f d e v e l o p m e n t , m o r e r a p i d t h a n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , i n t e n s i f y t h e d e s i r e o f a n u m b e r o f E u ­r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s t o f r e e t h e m s e l v e s f r o m t h e A m e r i c a n d i k t a t . A l l t h i s l e a d s t o t h e a g g r a v a t i o n o f e x i s t i n g c e n t r e s o f i m p e r i a l i s t c o m p e t i t i o n a n d c o n f l i c t s , a n d t h e a p p e a r ­a n c e o f n e w o n e s a n d w e a k e n s t h e c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m o n t h e w h o l e .

T h e a n t i - p o p u l a r a n d r a p a c i o u s n a t u r e o f i m p e r i a l i s m h a s n o t c h a n g e d , b u t w i t h t h e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m a n d t h e g r o w t h o f i t s e c o n o m i c a n d m i l i ­t a r y m i g h t t h e a b i l i t y o f i m p e r i a l i s m t o i n f l u e n c e t h e c o u r s e o f h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t h a s b e e n n o t i c e a b l y n a r ­r o w e d , w h i l e t h e f o r m s a n d m e t h o d s o f i t s s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t h a v e c h a n g e d . T h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a r e f r i g h t e n e d b y t h e t e m p e s t u o u s g r o w t h o f t h e f o r c e s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e ­m e n t , t h e y u n i t e t h e i r f o r c e s , m a k e f e v e r i s h e f f o r t s t o c o n t i n u e t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e i r e x p l o i t i n g a i m s , a n d e v e r y w h e r e s t r i v e t o u n d e r m i n e t h e p o s i t i o n s o f t h e

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s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v < ^ m e n t , a n d t o w e a k e n t h e i r i n f l u e n c e .

I t i s p e r f e c t l y o b v i o u s t h a t i n o u r a g e t h e m a i n c o n t e n t a n d t h e c h i e f t r e n d s o f t h e h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f h u m a n s o c i e t y a r e n o l o n g e r d e t e r m i n e d b y i m p e r i a l i s m b u t b y t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m , b y a l l t h e p r o g r e s s i v e f o r c e s s t r u g g l i n g a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m f o r t h e r e o r g a n i z a ­t i o n o f s o c i e t y a l o n g s o c i a l i s t l i n e s . T h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n b e ­t w e e n c a p i t a l i s m a n d s o c i a l i s m i s t h e c h i e f c o n t r a d i c t i o n o f o u r e p o c h . O n t h e o u t c o m e o f t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e t w o w o r l d s y s t e m s t h e d e s t i n i e s o f p e a c e , d e m o c r a c y a n d s o c i a l i s m d e p e n d t o a d e c i s i v e e x t e n t . A n d t h e c o r r e l a ­t i o n o f f o r c e s i n t h e w o r l d a r e n a i s c h a n g i n g a l l t h e t i m e i n f a v o u r o f s o c i a l i s m .

T h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e p e o p l e s o f A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a f o r t h e i r n a t i o n a l a n d s o c i a l l i b e r a t i o n , a n d t h e s u c c e s s e s a l r e a d y a c h i e v e d i n t h i s f i e l d , t h e g r o w i n g s t r u g ­g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s , o f a l l t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a g a i n s t t h e m o n o p o l i e s a n d a g a i n s t e x ­p l o i t a t i o n , i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f s o c i a l p r o g r e s s , a r e o f t h e g r e a t e s t i m p o r t a n c e f o r t h e d e s t i n i e s o f t h e h i s t o r i c a l d e ­v e l o p m e n t o f m a n k i n d . S o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n s , n a t i o n a l -l i b e r a t i o n a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t a n d a n t i - c o l o n i a l r e v o l u t i o n s , p e o p l e ' s d e m o c r a t i c r e v o l u t i o n s , e x t e n s i v e p e a s a n t m o v e ­m e n t s , t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e m a s s e s f o r t h e o v e r t h r o w o f f a s c i s t a n d o t h e r t y r a n n i c a l r e g i m e s , g e n e r a l d e m o c r a t i c m o v e m e n t s a g a i n s t n a t i o n a l o p p r e s s i o n — i n o u r t i m e a l l t h e s e m e r g e i n t o a s i n g l e w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r e a m u n d e r m i n i n g a n d d e s t r o y i n g c a p i t a l i s m .

W o r k i n g o u t i t s p o l i c y i n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h t h e n e w c o n d i t i o n s , t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t c o u l d n o t f a i l t o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t q u i t e s e r i o u s l y a l s o s u c h a n i m ­p o r t a n t f a c t o r a s t h e r a d i c a l q u a l i t a t i v e c h a n g e i n t h e

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m i l i t a r y - t e c h n i c a l m e a n s o f w a g i n g w a r r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e e m e r g e n c e a n d s t o c k p i l i n g o f t h e r m o - n u c l e a r w e a p o n s p o s s e s s i n g u n p r e c e d e n t e d d e s t r u c t i v e f o r c e . U n t i l d i s ­a r m a m e n t i s e f f e c t e d t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y m u s t a l w a y s m a i n t a i n s u p e r i o r i t y o v e r t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s i n t h e i r a r m e d f o r c e s . W e s h a l l n e v e r a l l o w t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s t o f o r g e t t h a t s h o u l d t h e y u n l e a s h a w a r w i t h t h e a i m o f d e c i d i n g b y f o r c e o f a r m s w h e t h e r m a n k i n d m u s t d e v e l o p a l o n g t h e r o a d o f c a p i t a l i s m o r o f s o c i a l i s m , i t w i l l b e t h e l a s t w a r , t h e o n e i n w h i c h i m p e r i a l i s m w i l l b e f i n a l l y r o u t e d .

U n d e r p r e s e n t - d a y c o n d i t i o n s i t i s t h e d u t y o f a l l c h a m p i o n s o f p e a c e a n d s o c i a l i s m t o u s e t o t h e u t m o s t t h e e x i s t i n g f a v o u r a b l e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r t h e v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m , a n d n o t t o a l l o w i m p e r i a l i s m t o u n l e a s h a w o r l d w a r .

T h e c o r r e c t a n a l y s i s o f t h e a l i g n m e n t o f c l a s s f o r c e s i n t h e w o r l d a r e n a , a n d t h e c o r r e c t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p o l i c y e l a b o r a t e d a t t h e M o s c o w M e e t i n g s , m a d e i t p o s s i b l e f o r t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s t o g a i n m a j o r s u c c e s s e s i n d e v e l o p ­i n g t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m , a n d f a c i l i t a t e d t h e g r o w t h o f t h e c l a s s r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n ­t r i e s a n d o f t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t .

T h e s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m i s e x e r t i n g a n e v e r - g r o w i n g i n ­f l u e n c e o n t h e c o u r s e o f w o r l d d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e e n t i r e w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r o c e s s i s t o d a y d e v e l o p i n g u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i n f l u e n c e o f t h e g r e a t e x a m p l e p r o v i d e d b y t h e n e w l i f e i n t h e c o u n t r i e s o f s o c i a l i s m . T h e m o r e s u c ­c e s s f u l l y t h e i d e a s o f c o m m u n i s m m a k e t h e i r w a y t o t h e m i n d s a n d h e a r t s o f t h e g e n e r a l m a s s e s , t h e g r e a t e r a n d m o r e s i g n i f i c a n t a r e o u r a c h i e v e m e n t s i n t h e b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m . I t i s , t h e r e f o r e , c l e a r t h a t h e w h o w a n t s t o b r i n g c l o s e r t h e v i c t o r y o f s o c i a l i s m

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t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e w o r l d s h o u l d , i n t h e f i r s t p l a c e , s h o w c o n c e r n f o r s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e g r e a t s o c i a l i s t c o m ­m u n i t y a n d i t s e c o n o m i c m i g h t , s h o u l d s e e k t o r a i s e t h e s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g o f i t s p e o p l e s , d e v e l o p s c i e n c e , e n g i ­n e e r i n g a n d c u l t u r e , c o n s o l i d a t e i t s u n i t y a n d s o l i d a r i t y a n d t h e g r o w t h o f i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l a u t h o r i t y . T h e S t a t e ­m e n t o f t h e M o s c o w M e e t i n g p l a c e s t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t f o r t h e s u c c e s s ­f u l b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m o n t h e M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s a n d t h e p e o p l e s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s .

T i r e l e s s l y s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m , t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d p e o p l e s o f o u r c o u n t r i e s m a k e t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e g r e a t c a u s e o f t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e i n ­t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g c l a s s , o f a l l t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e , o f t h t : e n t i r e l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t f o r s o l v i n g t h e b a s i c p r o b l e m s o f t h e d a y i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f p e a c e , d e m o c r a c y a n d s o c i a l i s m . ^

T h e p r e s e n t c o r r e l a t i o n o f f o r c e s i n t h e w o r l d a r e n a g a v e t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , t o g e t h e r w i t h a l l p e a c e -l o v i n g f o r c e s , t h e o p p o r t u n i t y o f e n v i s a g i n g a s a n e n t i r e l y f e a s i b l e t a s k f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n h i s t o r y t h a t o f a v e r t ­i n g a n e w w o r l d w a r a n d o f e n s u r i n g p e a c e a n d s e c u r i t y o f t h e p e o p l e s .

T h e y e a r s t h a t h a v e p a s s e d s i n c e t h e a d o p t i o n o f t h i s S t a t e m e n t h a v e f u l l y c o r r o b o r a t e d t h e c o r r e c t n e s s o f t h i s t h e s i s . T h e f a i l u r e o f t h e a g g r e s s i v e f o r c e s t o p u s h m a n k i n d o v e r t h e a b y s s o f a d e s t r u c t i v e t h e r m o - n u c l e a r w a r i s a h i g h l y i m p o r t a n t r e s u l t o f t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e m i g h t o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , o f t h e p e a c e - l o v i n g f o r e i g n p o l i c y w h i c h t h e y u n s w e r v i n g l y p u r s u e a n d w h i c h i s i n c r e a s i n g l y w i n n i n g r e c o g n i t i o n a n d s u p p o r t a m o n g h u n d r e d s o f m i l l i o n s o f p e o p l e a n d g a i n i n g t h e u p p e r h a n d o v e r t h e i m p e r i a l i s t p o l i c y o f a g g r e s s i o n a n d w a r .

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• N o M a r x i s t d o u b t s t h a t i m p e r i a h s m , l o s i n g o n e p o s i ­t i o n a f t e r a n o t h e r , i s t r y i n g b y e v e r y m e a n s t o p r e s e r v e i t s d o m i n a t i o n o v e r p e o p l e s a n d t o r e g a i n i t s l o s t p o s i ­t i o n s . A t p r e s e n t t h e g r e a t e s t c o n s p i r a c y e v e r o f t h e i n ­t e r n a t i o n a l i m p e r i a l i s t s i s t a k i n g p l a c e a g a i n s t t h e c o u n ­t r i e s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d t h e w o r l d m o v e m e n t o f l i b e r a t i o n . O f c o u r s e , t h e r e i s n o g u a r a n t e e t h a t t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s w i l l n o t t r y t o u n l e a s h a w o r l d w a r . T h e C o m m u n i s t s s h o u l d c l e a r l y s e e t h i s d a n g e r .

B u t t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h e a g g r e s s o r u n d e r p r e s e n t - d a y c o n d i t i o n s r a d i c a l l y d i f f e r s f r o m h i s p o s i t i o n b e f o r e t h e S e c o n d W o r l d W a r a n d , e v e n m o r e , b e f o r e t h e F i r s t W o r l d W a r . I n t h e p a s t , w a r s u s u a l l y e n d e d w i t h s o m e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s d e f e a t i n g o t h e r s , b u t t h e v a n q u i s h e d c o n t i n u e d Lo l i v e , r e g a i n e d t h e i r s t r e n g t h a f t e r a t i m e , a n d e v e n p r o v e d a b l e t o s t a r t r e n e w e d a g g r e s s i o n , a s i s s h o w n , i n p a r t i c u l a j - , b y t h e e x a m p l e o f G e r m a n y . A t h e r m o - n u c l e a r w a r d o e s n o t o f f e r s u c h a p r o s p e c t t o a n y a g g r e s s o r , a n d t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a r e c o m p e l l e d t o r e c k o n w i t h t h i s . F e a r o f a r e t a l i a t o r y b l o w , f e a r o f r e t r i b u t i o n , k e e p s t h e m f r o m l e t t i n g l o o s e a w o r l d w a r . T h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y h a s b e c o m e s o s t r o n g t h a t i m p e r i a l i s m c a n n o l o n g e r i m p o s e i t s c o n d i t i o n s o n t h e p e o p l e s a n d d i c t a t e i t s w i l l a s b e f o r e . T h i s i s a h i s t o r i c g a i n b y t h e i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d t h e p e o p l e s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s .

B y v i r t u e o f i t s p r e d a t o r y n a t u r e i m p e r i a l i s m c a n n o t g e t r i d o f t h e d e s i r e t o s o l v e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e i n ­t e r n a t i o n a l a r e n a b y m e a n s o f w a r . B u t o n t h e o t h e r h a n d i t c a n n o t u n l e a s h a w o r l d t h e r m o - n u c l e a r w a r w i t h o u t r e a l i z i n g t h a t i t w i l l t h e r e b y p l a c e i t s e l f i n d a n g e r o f b e i n g d e s t r o y e d .

A w o r l d w a r , s u c h a s i m p e r i a l i s m t h r e a t e n s m a n k i n d w i t h , i s n o t f a t a l l y i n e v i t a b l e . W i t h t h e b a l a n c e o f f o r c e s

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i n c r e a s i n g l y t i p p i n g i n f a v o u r o f s o c i a l i s m a n d a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m , a n d w i t h t h e f o r c e s o f p e a c e i n c r e a s i n g l y g a i n i n g w e i g h t o v e r t h e f o r c e s o f w a r , i t w i l l b e c o m e r e a l l y p o s s i b l e t o r u l e o u t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f w o r l d w a r f r o m t h e l i f e o f s o c i e t y e v e n b e f o r e s o c i a l i s m f u l l y t r i u m p h s o n e a r t h , w i t h c a p i t a l i s m s t i l l e x i s t i n g i n a p a r t o f t h e w o r l d .

O f c o u r s e , t o p r e v e n t s u c h a w a r i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o c o n ­t i n u e s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m t o t h e u t m o s t a n d t o r a l l y a l l t h e f o r c e s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k i n g - c l a s s a n d t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t , t o r a l l y a l l d e m ­o c r a t i c f o r c e s . T h o s e w h o p r i z e t h e i n t e r e s t s o f s o c i a l ­i s m a n d t h e i n t e r e s t s o f p e a c e m u s t d o e v e r y t h i n g t o f r u s t r a t e t h e c r i m i n a l d e s i g n s o f w o r l d r e a c t i o n a n d t o p i e v e n t i t f r o m u n l e a s h i n g a t h e r m o - n u c l e a r w a r a n d d r a g g i n g h u n d r e d s o f m i l l i o n s o f p e o p l e d o w n i n t o t h e g r a v e w i t h i t . A s o b e r a p p r a i s a l o f t h e i n e v i t a b l e c o n s e ­q u e n c e s t h a t a t h e r m o - n u c l e a r w a r w o u l d h a v e f o r t h e w h o l e o f m a n k i n d a n d f o r t h e c a u s e o f s o c i a l i s m s e t s b e f o r e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s t h e n e e d t o d o e v e r y t h i n g i n o u r p o w e r t o p r e v e n t a n e w w o r l d c o n f l i c t .

T h e C . P . S . U . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e f i r m l y a b i d e s b y t h e t h e s i s o f t h e 1 9 6 0 S t a t e m e n t t h a t " I n a w o r l d d i v i d e d i n t o t w o s y s t e m s , t h e o n l y c o r r e c t a n d r e a s o n a b l e p r i n ­c i p l e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s i s t h e p r i n c i p l e o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e o f s t a t e s w i t h d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s a d ­v a n c e d b y V . I . L e n i n a n d f u r t h e r e l a b o r a t e d i n t h e M o s ­c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a n d P e a c e M a n i f e s t o o f 1 9 5 7 , i n t h e d e ­c i s i o n s o f t h e 2 0 t h a n d 2 1 s t C o n g r e s s e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . , a n d i n t h e d o c u m e n t s o f o t h e r C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s . "

O u r P a r t y , w h i c h t h e g r e a t L e n i n e d u c a t e d i n t h e s p i r i t o f r e l e n t l e s s s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m k e e p s i n m i n d

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L e n i n ' s w a r n i n g t h a t m o r i b u n d c a p i t a h s m i s s t i l l a b l e t o c a u s e h u m a n i t y u n t o l d c a l a m i t i e s . T h e S o v i e t U n i o n i s d o i n g e v e r y t h i n g t o b o o s t i t s e c o n o m y a n d t o i m p r o v e i t s d e f e n c e s o n t h i s b a s i s ; i t i s b u i l d i n g u p i t s a r m e d m i g h t a n d m a i n t a i n i n g i t s a r m e d l o r c e s i n a s t a t e o f c o n s t a n t r e a d i n e s s . H o w e v e r , w e h a v e e m p l o y e d a n d w i l l c o n t i n u e t o e m p l o y o u r c o u n t r y ' s i n c r e a s i n g m i g h t n o t t o t h r e a t e n a n y o n e o r t o f a n w a r p a s s i o n s , b u t t o c o n s o l i d a t e p e a c e , p r e v e n t a n o t h e r w o i ' l d w a r , a n d d e f e n d o u r o w n c o u n t r y a n d t h e o t h e r s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s .

T h e p o l i c y o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e a c c o r d s w i t h t h e v i t a l i n t e r e s t s o f a l l t h e p e o p l e s ; i t a e r v e s t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e p o s i t i o n s o f s o c i a l i s m , t o h e l p t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n ­f l u e n c e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , a n d t o i n c r e a s e t h e a u ­t h o r i t y a n d i n f l u e n c e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t s .

P e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e d o e s n o t i m p l y c o n c i l i a t i o n b e ­t w e e n s o c i a l i s t a n d b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g i e s . T h a t p o l i c y w o u l d s p e l l a b a n d o n m e n t o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d o b s t r u c t i o n o f t h e b u i l d i n g o f s o c i a l i s m . B o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y i s a s o r t o f T r o j a n h o r s e , w h i c h i m p e r i a l i s m i s t r y i n g t o s n e a k i n t o t h e r a n k s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t . T h e p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e o f s t a t e s w i t h d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s p r e s u p p o s e s a n u n r e m i t t i n g i d e o l o g i c a l , p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c s t r u g g l e b e t w e e n t h e t w o s o c i a l s y s t e m s , a n d t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e i n s i d e t h e c o u n t r i e s o f t h e c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m , i n c l u d i n g a r m e d s t r u g ­g l e w h e n t h e p e o p l e s f i n d t h a t n e c e s s a r y , a n d t h e s t e a d y a d v a n c e o f t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t a m o n g t h e p e o p l e s o f t h e c o l o n i a l a n d d e p e n d e n t c o u n t r i e s .

T h e f a c t s g o t o s h o w t h a t e f f o r t s t o p r e v e n t a w o r l d w a r i n n o w a y w e a k e n t h e f o r c e s o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u ­n i s t a n d n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s taut o n t h e c o n ­t r a r y r a l l y t h e b r o a d e s t m a s s e s t o t h e C o m m u n i s t s . I t

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w a s p r e c i s e l y i n c o n d i t i o n s o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e b e ­t w e e n s t a t e s w i t h d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s t h a t t h e s o ­c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n t r i u m p h e d o n C u b a , t h a t t h e A l g e r i a n p e o p l e g a i n e d n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e , t h a t m o r e t h a n 4 0 c o u n t r i e s w o n n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e , t h a t t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r l i e s g r e w i n n u m b e r a n d s t r e n g t h , a n d t h a t t h e i n ­f l u e n c e o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i n c r e a s e d .

A v a i l i n g t h e m s e l v e s o f t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f p e a c e f u l c o e x ­i s t e n c e , t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a r e s c o r i n g m o r e a n d m o r e v i c t o r i e s i n t h e e c o n o m i c c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h c a p i t a l i s m . O u r a d v e r s a r i e s r e a l i z e t h a t i t i s d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e m t o c o u n t o n w i n n i n g t h e c o m p e t i t i o n a g a i n s t u s . T h e y a r e u n a b l e t o k e e p u p w i t h t h e r a p i d e c o n o m i c a d v a n c e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s ; t h e y a r e p o w e r l e s s i n t h e f a c e o f t h e a p p e a l t h a t t h e e x a m p l e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s m a k e s t o t h e p e o p l e s u n d e r c a p i t a l i s m ' s y o k e .

A s t h e e c o n o m y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m o n w e a l t h a d ­v a n c e s , t h e a d v a n t a g e s a n d s u p e r i o r i t y o f s o c i a l i s m , a n d t h e g r e a t e r o p p o T ' t u n i t i e s o f t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e t o o b t a i n m a t e r i a l a n d s p i r i t u a l r i c h e s , a s c o m p a r e d t o c a p i t a l i s m , w i l l d i s p l a y t h e m s e l v e s m o r e a n d m o r e v i v i d l y . T h e r i s i j i g s t a n d a r d s o f l i v i n g i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a r e a g r e a t m a g n e t f o r t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s o f a l l t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n ­t r i e s . T h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m o n w e a l t h w i l l c o n s t i t u t e a k i n d o f c a t a l y s t , a r e v o l u t i o n i z i n g f a c t o r i n b r o a d e n i n g t h e c l a s s s t r u g g l e i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d e n a b l i n g t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s t o t r i u m p h o v e r c a p i t a l ­i s m .

T h e p e o p l e s e m b a r k i n g o n s o c i a U s m i n h e r i t f r o m t h e p a s t e c o n o m i e s a n d c u l t u r e s a t d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s . R e g a r d ­l e s s o f t h i s , h o w e v e r , s o c i a l i s m a w a k e n s m i g h t y p r o d u c ­t i v e f o r c e s — a s e x e m p l i f i e d b y t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a c i e s . T h e S o v i e t U n i o n h a s a l r e a d y

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o u t p a c e d t h p l o a d i n g c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s o f E u r o p e i n e c o n o n i i c d e v e J o p i n e n t a n d h a s t a k e n s e c o n d p l a c e i n t h e w o r l d ; t h e t i m e i s n o t f a r o f f w h e n i t w i l l t a k e f i r s t p l a c e i n t l i e w o r l d . T h e o t h e r s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s h a v e l i k e w i s e g a i n e d g r e a t s u c c e s s e s . T h e s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m i s s o p r o g r e s s i v e b y n a t u r e t h a t i t e n a b l e s t h e p e o p l e s t o s w i f t l y e l i m i n a t e t h e i r b a c k w a r d n e s s , t o c a t c h u p w i t h t h e m o r e h i g h l y - d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s , a n d . m a r c h i n g i n o n e r a n k w i t h t h e m , t o f i g h t f o r t h e b u i l d i n g o f c o m ­m u n i s m .

A l l t h i s i n s p i r e s t h e p e o p l e s , g i v i n g t h e m t h e c o n v i c ­t i o n t h a t t h e y c a n e m b a r k u p o n t h e r o a d o f s o c i a l i s m a n d s c o r e a c h i e v e m e n t s , r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e i r p r e s e n t l e v e l o f h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e a d v a n c e o f t h e p e o p l e s t o a n e w l i f e i s f a c i l i t a t e d b y t h e i r o p p o r t u n i t y t o s e l e c t t h e b e s t f i - o m t h e w o r l d ' s e x p e r i e n c e i n b u i l d i n g s o c i a l i s m , t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t b o t h t h e m e r i t s a n d t h e s h o r t c o m i n g s i n t h e p r a c t i c e s o f s o c i a l i s t c o n s t r u c t i o n .

T h e f a s t e r t h e p r o d u c t i v e f o r c e s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n ­t r i e s d e v e l o p , t h e h i g h e r t h e i r e c o n o m i c p o t e n t i a l w i l l r i s e , a n d t h e s t r o n g e r t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m ­m u n i t y w i l l b e c o m e o n t h e r a t e a n d t r e n d o f t h e w h o l e o f h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f p e a c e a n d o f t h e c o m p l e t e t r i u m p h o f s o c i a l i s m .

O u r P a r t y p r o c e e d s f r o m t h e t h e s i s t h a t t h e r e a r e f a ­v o u r a b l e i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a l c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e p r e s ­e n t e p o c h f o r m o r e a n d m o r e c o u n t r i e s t o g o o v e r t o s o c i a l i s m . T h i s i s t r u e o f t h e d e v e l o p e d c a p i t a l i s t c o u n ­t r i e s a s w e l l a s o f t h e c o u n t r i e s w h i c h h a v e r e c e n t l y a c h i e v e d n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e .

T h e w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a i - y p r o c e s s i s d e v e l o p i n g o n a n e v e r l a r g e r s c a l e , e m b r a c i n g a l l c o n t i n e n t s . T h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s i n t h e d e v e l o p e d c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s

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a r i d t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t a r e c l o s e l y l i n k e d , a n d h e l p o n e a n o t h e r . T h r c o u j ' s e o f s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t h a s l e d t o a s i t u a t i o n i n w h i c h t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e , i n w h i c h e v e r c o u n t r y i t t a k e s p l a c e , i s d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e m a i n c o m m o n e n e m y , i m p e r i a l i s m a n d t h e m o n o p o l y b o u r g e o i s i e .

T h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d h a v e a c o m m o n u l t i m a t e a i m , t o m o b i l i z e a l l f o r c e s i n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e w i n n i n g o f p o w e r b y t h e w o r k e r s a n d t h e l a b o u r i n g p e a s a n t r y , a n d t o b u i l d s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m . I n d r a w i n g u p t h e t a c t i c a l p o l i c y f o r t h e i r s t r u g g l e , e v e r y C o m m u n i s t P a r t y m u s t t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e e n t i r e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t , m u s t l a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h o s e i n t e r e s t s , a i m s a n d t a s k s s e t b y o u r m o v e m e n t a s a w h o l e , i t s g e n e r a l l i n e a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e .

B u t a t t h e s a m e t i m e , t h e w o r k i n g o u t o f f o r m s a n d m e t h o d s o f f i g h t i n g f o r s o c i a l i s m i n e a c h s e p a r a t e c o u n ­t r y i s t h e i n t e r n a l a f f a i r o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s o f t h a t c o u n t r y a n d o f i t s c o m m u n i s t v a n g u a r d . N o o t h e r f r a t e r ­n a l P a r t y , w h a t e v e r i t s m e m b e r s h i p , e x p e r i e n c e a n d a u ­t h o r i t y , c a n l a y d o w n t h e t a c t i c s , f o r m s a n d m e t h o d s o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . R e v o l u ­t i o n i s t h e c a u s e o f t h e m a s s e s t h e m s e l v e s . A n a c c u r a t e a n a l y s i s o f t h e a c t u a l s i t u a t i o n a n d a c o r r e c t e s t i m a t i o n o f t h e c o r r e l a t i o n o f f o r c e s a r e a m o n g t h e m o s t i m p o r ­t a n t c o n d i t i o n s o f a r e v o l u t i o n . T h e e n t h u s i a s m o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y m a s s e s i n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e v i c t o r y o f a s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n c a n n o t b e k e p t b a c k w h e n o b j e c ­t i v e a n d s u b j e c t i v e c o n d i t i o n s a r e r i p e . I t w o u l d b e t a n t a m o u n t t o d e a t h . B u t a r e v o l u t i o n c a n n o t b e a r t i f i ­c i a l l y i n s t i g a t e d i f c o n d i t i o n s f o r i t a r e n o t y e t r i p e . A p r e m a t u r e u p r i s i n g , a s t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n -

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ary class struggle teaches, is doomed to failure. Com­munists I'ally the working people under the red banner in order to win in the struggle for a better life on earth, and not to perish, even though heroically. Heroism and self-saci'ifice, necessary in revolutionary battles, are of no use by themselves, but only for the victory of the great ideas of socialism.

The C.P.S.U. has always hailed and will continue to hail the revolutionary working class and the working people of any country who, headed by their communist van­guard, make skilful use of the revolutionary situation to inflict a crushing blow against the class enemy and to establish a new social system.

The tactics and policy of the Communist Parties in the capitalist countries have in common substantial fea­tures connected with the present stage of the general crisis of capitalism and the correlation of forces that has developed in the international arena. The development of state-monopoly capitalism has, besides aggravating the contradictions of the capitalist society which ap­peared before, also given birth to new contradictions. State-monopoly capitalism has led to a still greater nar­rowing of the social base of imperialism within a coun­try, and to the concentration of power in the hands of a small group of the strongest monopolists. This gives rise, on the other hand, to a joint anti-monopoly move­ment embracing the working class, the peasants, the petty bourgeoisie, the working intellectuals and certain other sections of capitalist society inteiested in freeing themselves from the sway of the monopolies and from exploitation, and interested in changing over to socialism.

Our time is characterized by a sharp growth in the sig­nificance of democratic movements — the struggle for

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World peace, for the prevention of a wnrld thermo-nuclear catastrophe, for the preservation of national sovereignty; movements in defence of democi'acy, against the on­slaught of fascism, for the introduction of agrarian trans­formations, the humanistic movement in defence of cul­ture, and others.

Our Par ty fully adheres to Leninist principles and to the principles expressed in the Statement, in saying that socialist revolution is not necessarily connected with war. If world wars bring about t r iumphant revolutions, revo­lutions are nevertheless quite possible without wars.

If Communists were to sHart tying up the victory of the socialist revolution with world war, this would not evoke any sympathy for socialism, but would drive the masses away from it. With modern means of warfare having such terrible destructive consequences, an appeal like this would only play into the hajids of our enemies.

The working class and its vanguard, the Marxist-Leninist Parties, endeavour to carry out socialist revolu­tions in a peaceful way without civil war. The realiza­tion of such a possibility is in keeping with the interests of the working class and all the people, and with the national interests of the country. At the same time the choice of the means of developing the revolution de­pends not only on the working class. If the exploiting classes resort to violence against the people, the working class will be forced to use non-peaceful means of seiz­ing power. Everything depends on the particular con­ditions and on the distribution of class forces within the country and in the world arena.

Naturally, no matter what means are used for the transition from capitalism to socialism, such a transition is possible only by means of a socialist I 'evolution and of

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t h e d i c t a t o r s h i p o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t i n v a r i o u s f o r m s . A p ­p r e c i a t i n g h i g h l y t h e s e l f l e s s s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s h e a d e d b y t h e C o m m u n i s t s i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n ­t r i e s , t h e C . P . S . U . c o n s i d e r s i t i t s d u t y t o r e n d e r t h e m e v e r y k i n d o f a i d a n d s u p p o r t .

O u r P a r t y I ' e g a i ' d s t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t as a n i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e w o r l d r e v o l u t i o n a r y p r o c e s s , a s a m i g h t y f o r c e d e s t r o y i n g t h e f r o n t o f i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e p e o p l e s o f t h e f o r m e r c o l o n i e s a r e t o d a y r i s i n g t o f u l l s t a t u r e a s i n d e p e n d e n t c r e a t o r s o f h i s t o r y , a n d a r e s e e k i n g w a y s t o p r o m o t e t h e i r n a t i o n a l e c o n o m y a n d c u l t u r e . T h e g r o w t h o f t h e f o r c e s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m a c t i v e l y h e l p s t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s , t h e i r a c h i e v e m e n t o f e c o n o m i c i n d e p e n d e n c e , t h e f u r t h e r d e v e l o p m e n t a n d e x p a n s i o n o f t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t , a n d t h e p e o p l e s ' s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t a l l f o r m s o f o l d a n d n e w c o l o n i a l i s m .

T h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r - a t i o n m o v e m e n t h a s e n t e r ' e d t h e f i n a l s t a g e o f t h e a b o l i t i o n o f c o l o n i a l r e g i m e s . T h e t i m e i s n o t f a r o f f w h e n a l l t h e p e o p l e s a s y e t l i v i n g u n d e r t h e y o k e o f t h e c o l o n i a l i s t s w i l l w i n f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n ­d e n c e . T h e f r e e d p e o p l e s a r c n o w f a c e d w i t h t h e p r o b ­l e m o f c o n s o l i d a t i n g p o l i t i c a l i n d e p e n d e n c e , o v e r c o m i n g e c o n o m i c a n d c u l t u r a l b a c k w a r d n e s s a n d p u t t i n g a n e n d t o a l l f o i ' m s o f d e p e n d e n c e u p o n i m p e r i a l i s m .

T h e c o u n t r i e s t h a t h a v e t h r o w n o f f t h e c o l o n i a l y o k e c a r r y o u t t h e v i t a l t a s k s o f n a t i o n a l r e s u r g e n c e s u c c e s s ­f u l l y o n l y i n v i g o r o u s s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m a n d t h e r e m n a n t s o f f e u d a l i s m , b y u n i t i n g a l l t h e p a t i ' i o t i c f o r c e s o f i h e n a t i o n i n a s i n g l e n a t i o n a l f r o n t — t h e w o r k i n g ; cla.ss, t h e p c a s a n i r y . t h e n a t i o n a l b o u r g e o i s i e a n d t h e d e m o c r a t i c i n t e l l e c t u a l s .

B2

T h e p e o p l e s w h o a r e f i g h t i n g f o r t h e i r n a t i o n a l l i b e r a ­t i o n a n d h a v e a l r e a d y w o n p o l i t i c a l i n d e p e n d e n c e h a v e c e a s e d , o r a r e c e a s i n g , t o s e r v e a s a r e s e r v e f o r i m ­p e r i a l i s m ; w i t h t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e s o c i a l i s t s t a t e s a n d o f a l l p r o g r e s s i v e f o r c e s t h e y a i ' e m o r e a n d m o r e f r e ­q u e n t l y i n f l i c t i n g d e f e a t s u p o n t h e i m p e r i a l i s t p o w e r s a n d c o a l i t i o n s .

T h e y o u n g n a t i o n a l s t a t e s a r e d e v e l o p i n g a t a t i m e w h e n t h e r e i s c o m p e t i t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o w o r l d s o c i a l s y s t e m s . T h i s c i r c u m s t a n c e h a s t h e s t r o n g e s t i n f l u e n c e u p o n t h e i r p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t , u p o n t h e c h o i c e o f t h e r o a d s t h e y w i l l f o l l o w i n t h e f u t u r e . T h e s t a t e s t h a t h a v e r e c e n t l y a c h i e v e d t h e i r n a t i o n a l l i b e i ' a t i o n b e l o n g n e i t h e r t o t h e s y s t e m o f s o c i a l i s t s t a t e s n o r t o t h e s y s t e m o f c a p i t a l i s t s t a t e s , b u t t h e o v e r w h e l m ­i n g m a j o r i t y o f t h e m h a v e n o t y e t b r o k e n a w a y f r o m t h e o r b i t o f t h e w o r l d c a p i t a l i s t e c o n o m y , a l t h o u g h t h e y h o l d a s p e c i a l p l a c e t h e r e . T h i s p a r t o f t h e w o r l d i s s t i l l e x p l o i t e d b y t h e c a p i t a l i s t m o n o p o l i e s .

N o w w h e n p o l i t i c a l i n d e p e n d e n c e h a s b e e n w o n , t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e y o u n g s o v e r e i g n s t a t e s a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l ­i s m , f o r t h e i r u l t i m a t e n a t i o n a l r e v i v a l , f o r e c o n o m i c i n ­d e p e n d e n c e , c o m e s t o t h e f o r e f r o n t . T h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f c o m p l e t e i n d e p e n d e n c e b y t h e d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s w o u l d m e a n a f u r t h e r s e r i o u s w e a k e n i n g o f i m p e r i a l i s m , f o r t h e n t h e e n t i r e p r e s e n t s y s t e m o f t h e p r e d a t o r y , u n e q u a l i n t e r n a t i o n a l d i v i s i o n o f l a b o u r w o u l d b e d e ­s t r o y e d , a n d t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f t h e e c o n o m i c e x p l o i t a t i o n o f t h e " w o r l d c o u n t r y s i d e " b y t h e c a p i t a l i s t m o n o p o l i e s w o u l d b e u n d e r m i n e d . T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f i n d e p e n ­d e n t n a t i o n a l e c o n o m i e s i n t h e d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s I ' e l y i n g u p o n t h e e f f e c t i v e a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t

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s y s t e m w i l l d e a l a f u r t h e r h e a v y b l o w a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l ­i s m .

I n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e a t t a i n m e n t a n d c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f i n d e p e n d e n c e i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o m u s t e r t h e w h o l e o f a n a t i o n ' s f o r c e s i n r e a d i n e s s t o f i g h t a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m . I n a n e n d e a v o u r t o s t r e n g t h e n i t s d o m i n a n t p o s i t i o n a f t e r t h e a t t a i n m e n t o f i n d e p e n d e n c e , t h e r i g h t - w i n g n a t i o n a l b o u r g e o i s i e s o m e t i m e s s u c c e e d s i n e s t a b l i s h i n g r e a c ­t i o n a r y p o l i t i c a l r e g i m e s f o r a t i m e , a n d s t a r t s p e r s e c u t ­i n g C o m m u n i s t s a n d o t h e r d e m o c r a t s . H o w e v e r , s u c h r e g i m e s a r e s h o r t - l i v e d f o r t h e s i m p l e r e a s o n t h a t t h e y o b s t r u c t p r o g r e s s a n d t h e s o l u t i o n o f v i t a l n a t i o n a l p r o b ­l e m s — p r i m a r i l y t h e a t t a i n m e n t o f e c o n o m i c i n d e p e n ­d e n c e a n d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f p r o d u c t i v e f o r c e s . T h a t i s w h y , i n t p i t e o f t h e a c t i v e s u p p o r t o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s , t h e s e r e g i m e s w i l l b e o v e r t h r o w n a s a r e s u l t o f t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e m a s s e s .

T h e C . P . S . U . r e g a r d s f r a t e r n a l a l l i a n c e w i t h t h e p e o p l e s w h o h a v e s h a k e n o f f t h e c o l o n i a l y o k e a n d w i t h t h e p e o ­p l e s o f s e m i - c o l o n i a l s t a t e s a s o n e o f t h e c o r n e r - s t o n e s o f i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i c y . O u r P a r t y c o n s i d e r s i t i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l d u t y t o h e l p t h e p e o p l e s w h o h a v e t a k e n t h e r o a d o f w i n n i n g a n d c o n s o l i d a t i n g n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n ­d e n c e , a l l t h e p e o p l e s f i g h t i n g f o r t h e c o m p l e t e a b o l i t i o n o f t h e c o l o n i a l s y s t e m . T h e S o v i e t U n i o n h a s a l w a y s s u p p o r t e d t h e s a c r e d w a r s o f t h e p e o p l e s f o r f r e e d o m , a n d g i v e n e v e r y k i n d o f m o r a l , e c o n o m i c , m i l i t a r y a n d p o l i t i c a l s u p p o r t t o t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t .

T h e S o v i e t p e o p l e g a v e g r e a t s u p p o r t t o t h e A l g e r i a n p e o p l e w h e n t h e y f o u g h t a g a i n s t t h e F r e n c h c o l o n i a l i s t s . W h e n t h e Y e m e n i p e o p l e r o s e u p i n r e v o l t a g a i n s t s l a v e r y i n t h e i r c o u n t r y , w e w e r e t h e f i r s t t o o f f e r t h e m a h e l p i n g h a n d . W e r e n d e r e d v a r i o u s k i n d s o f a i d t o t h e I n d o n e s i a n

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p e o p l e i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e T o r t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f W e s t . I r i a n , a g a i n s t t h e D u t c h i m p e r i a l i s t s w h o g o t t h e i r s u p p o r t f r o m t h e U . S . i m p e r i a l i s t s . W e h a i l t h e s t r u g g l e o f t h e I n d o n e ­s i a n p e o p l e f o r t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f N o r t h e r n K a l i m a n t a n .

C o l o n i a l i s t s , b o t h o l d a n d n e w , a r e b u s y w e a v i n g i n ­t r i g u e s a n d p l o t s a g a i n s t t h e l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f t h e p e o p l e s o f S o u t h e a s t A s i a . O u r s y m p a t h i e s a n d s u p p o r t a r e i n v a r i a b l y w i t h t h o s e w h o f i g h t f o r n a t i o n a l f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e . W e a r e d e e p l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t , i n s p i t e o f a l l t h e e f f o r t s o f t h e A m e r i c a n i m p e r i a l ­i s t s a n d t h e i r p u p p e t s , t h e p e o p l e s o f S o u t h V i e t n a m a n d S o u t h K o r e a w i l l b e v i c t o i i o u s i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e a n d w i l l a c h i e v e t h e r e u n i f i c a t i o n o f t h e i r n a t i v e l a n d s .

W h i l e b e i n g a g a i n s t t h e e x p o r t o f r e v o l u t i o n , o u r P a r t y h a s a l w a y s d o n e e v e r y t h i n g t o p r e v e n t t h e e x p o r t o f c o u n t e r - i ' e v o l u t i o n . W e a r e f i r m l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n a n d u n i t y o f a c t i o n o f t h e t h r e e g r e a t r e v o l u t i o n a r y f o r c e s o f o u r t i m e — t h e p e o p l e s b u i l d i n g s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m , t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y w o r k i n g - c l a s s m o v e m e n t , a n d t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a ­t i o n m o v e m e n t — a r e t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f t h e p e o p l e s ' s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m , a n d a g u a r a n t e e o f t h e i r v i c t o r y .

T h e e n t i r e c o u r s e o f w o r l d d e v e l o p m e n t i n r e c e n t y e a r s h a s f u l l y c o n f i r m e d t h e c o r r e c t n e s s o f t h e p o l i c y o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , w h i c h h a s y i e l d e d r e m a r k a b l e p r a c t i c a l r e s u l t s . T h a n k s t o t h e r e a l i z a t i o n o f t h i s p o l i c y , t h e f o r c e s f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m , f o r p e a c e , n a ­t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d s o c i a l i s m , h a v e s c o r e d n e w s u c ­c e s s e s . T h e C . P . S . U . c o n s i d e r s i t i t s d u t y c o n s i s t e n t l y a n d s t e a d f a s t l y t o c a r r y o u t t h i s p o l i c y .

W e a r e f i r m l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e r e a r e n o g r o u n d s f o r a r e v i s i o n o f t h i s p o l i c y .

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B e s i d e s t h i s , t h e C . P . S . U . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e i s o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t i t w o u l d b e b e n e f i c i a l d u r i n g t h e p i e p a r a -t i o n s f o r t h e m e e t i n g , a s w e l l a s a t t h e m e e t i n g o f r e p r e ­s e n t a t i v e s o f C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s , t o e x ­c h a n g e o p i n i o n s o n t h e n e w a s p e c t s w i t h w h i c h l i f e h a s i n r e c e n t y e a i ' s e n r i c h e d t h e p o l i c y o f t h e w o r l d c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a s l a i d d o w n i n t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d S t a t e m e n t .

I n y o u r l e t t e r , d e a r c o m r a d e s , y o u j u s t l y n o t e l h a t t h e g u a r a n t e e o f a l l o u r a c h i e v e m e n t s i s t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e u n i t y o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a n d t h e s o l i ­d a r i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . I n r e c e n t t i m e t h e C . P . S . U . h a s a t i t s c o n g r e s . s e s a n d a t i n t e r n a t i o n a l C o m m u n i s t m e e t i n g s t i m e a n d a g a i n e x p r e s s e d i t s c o n c e p t i o n o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s c o n c e r n i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n M a r x i s t -L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s . W e e m p h a s i z e d , f o r t h e w h o l e w o r l d t o s e e , l h a t i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , j u s t a s i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y , a l l C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s , o f a l l s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s h a v e a l w a y s b e e n c o m p l e t e l y e q u a l . I n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t h e r e a r e n o " h i g h e r r a n k i n g " a n d " s u b o r d i n a t e ' ' P a r t i e s . A n d i t c o u l d n o t b e s o . T h e d o m i n a t i o n o f a n y p a r t y , o r t h e m a n i f e s t a ­t i o n o f a n y h e g e m o n y w h a t s o e v e r , d o e s n o t b e n e f i t t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t ; o n t h e c o n t r a r y , iL c a n o n l y d o i t h a r m . A l l C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s a r e i n d e p e n d e n t a n d e q u a l . A l l b e a r r e s p o n s i ­b i l i t y t o r t h e d e s t i n y o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , f o r i t s v i c t o r i e s a n d s e t b a c k s , a l l m u s t b u i l d t h e i r r e l a t i o n s o n t h e b a s i s o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a n d m u t u a l a s s i s t a n c e .

W e a l s o p r o c e e d f r o m t h e b a s i s t h a t p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l i s m p l a c e s e q u a l d e m a n d s o n a l l P a r t i e s , b i g a n d

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s m a l l , b u t m a k e s n o e x c e p t i o n s f o r a n y o n e . A l l f r a t e r n a l P a i - t i e s m u s t s h o w e q u a l c o n c e r n t h a t t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s b e b a s e d o n M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p r i n c i p l e s , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e i n t e r e s t s o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e u n i t y o f t h e . s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a n d o f t h e e n t i r e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t a n d w o r k e r s ' m o v e m e n t .

T h e f o r m a t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m g i v e s p e c i a l s i g n i f i c a n c e t o t h e q u e s t i o n o f c o r ­r e c t r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s . C o m ­m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s i n t h e c o u n t r i e s o f s o c i a l ­i s m a r e r u l i n g p a r t i e s . T h e y b e a r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e d e s t i n y o f t h e s t a t e s , f o r t h e d e s t i n y o f t h e i r p e o p l e s . U n d e r t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s t h e v i o l a t i o n o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t p r i n c i p l e s i n t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n P a r t i e s c a n a f f e c t n o t o n l y P a r l y i n t e r e s t s b u l t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e w i d e m a s s e s o f t h e p e o p l e .

G u i d e d b y t h e s u p r e m e i n t e r e s t s o f o u r c a u s e , t h e C . P . S . U . h a s e l i m i n a t e d t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f t h e S t a l i n p e r ­s o n a l i t y c u l t , a n d d o n e e v e r y t h i n g t o r e s t o r e i n f u l l t h e L e n i n i s t p r i n c i p l e s o f e q u a l i t y i n t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d r e s p e c t f o r t h e s o v e r e i g n t y o f s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . T h i s h a s p l a y e d a l a r g e a n d p o s i t i v e r o l e i n s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e u n i t y o f t h e e n t i r e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y . A f a v o u r a b l e s i t u a t i o n h a s b e e n c r e a t e d f o r t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f o u r f r i e n d s h i p o n t h e b a s i s o f e q u a l ­i t y , r e s p e c t f o r t h e s o v e r e i g n t y o f e a c h s t a t e , m u t u a l a s s i s t a n c e a n d c o m r a d e l y c o - o p e r a t i o n , v o l u n t a r y f u l f i l ­m e n t o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l d u t y b y e a c h c o u n t r y . A t t h e s a m e t i m e , w e s h o u l d l i k e t o e m p h a s i z e t h a t s o c i a l i s t e q u a l i t y n o t o n l y m e a n s h a v i n g e q u a l r i g h t s t o t a k e p a r t i n w o r k ­i n g o u t c o l l e c t i v e l y t h e c o m m o n p o l i c y b u t a l s o e n t a i l s e q u a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s o f s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s f o r t h e d e s t i n i e s o f t h e e n t i r e c o m m u n i t y .

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The SlatemenL of Iho Moscow Meeting of the Fraternal Parties stressed ttie need for the closest alliance between countries breaking away from capitalism, for the pooling of their efforts in the building of socialism and com­munism. National interests and the interests of the so­cialist system as a whole combine harmoniously. Life has proved convincingly that every country can best solve its national tasks only through the closest co­operation with the other socialist countries on the basis of genuine equality and mutual aid.

Our unity, our well-concerted actions, do not arise spontaneously. They are dictated by objective necessity, they are the result of conscious activities, of the purpose­ful internationalist policy of the Marxist-Leninist Parties and their tireless concern for the uniting of our ranks.

We do not close our eyes to the fact that different in­terpretations of certain questions of internal construction and the international communist movement, different interpretations of the forms and methods of our co-opera­tion may occur in the relations between socialist coun­tries. This is possible, for the countries making up the world socialist system are at different stages in the con­struction of a new society, and their experience in de­veloping relations with the outside world is not the same in all respects. One should not exclude the possibility, either, that differences may result from different ap­proaches to the solution of some questions of Mai'xism-Leninism in individual fraternal Parties. To exaggerate the role of national, specific features may lead to a de-pai'ture from Marxism-Leninism. To ignore national features may lead to a breaking away from life and from the masses, and do harm to the cause of socialism.

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All this necessitates constant efforts to find ways and means to enable us to settle the differences arising, from positions of principle and with the least damage to our common cause.

We Communists can argue between ourselves. But in all circumstances our sacred duty remains the education of the peoples of our countries in the spirit of deep soli­darity with all the peoples of the socialist community. Communists must inculcate in the peoples not only love for their own country, but also love for the whole of the socialist community, for all peoples; they must foster in each man and woman living in any socialist country an understanding of their fraternal duty towards the working people of the world. Failure to do this means failure to follow the first rule of Communists, which re ­quires the uniting of the Marxist-Leninist Parties and the peoples building socialism, the cherishing of our unity above all else.

Ideological and tactical differences must in no circum­stances be used to incite nationalist feelings and pre­judices, mistrust and dissention between the socialist peoples. We declare with full responsibility that the Communist Par ty of the Soviet Union has never taken and will nevei' take a single step that could sow hostility among the peoples of our country towards the fraternal Chinese people or other peoples. On the contrary, in all circumstances our Par ty has steadily and consistently propagated the ideas of internationalism and warm friendship with the peoples of the socialist countries, and with all peoples of the world. We consider it important to stress this, and we hope that the Central Committee of the Communist Par ty of China shares this view.

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I n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t , w o r k i n g - c l a s s a n d l i b ­e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t s i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o u n i t e a l l e f f o r t s , m o b i l i z i n g t h e p e o p l e s f o r s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m . T h e m i l i t a n t c a l l " W o r k e r s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , u n i t e ! " f o r m u l a l e d b y M a r x a n d E n g e l s m e a n s t h a t a t t h e b a s i s o f t h i s u n i t y l i e s a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t c l a s s s o l i d a r i t y , a n d n o t a n y p r i n c i p l e o f n a t i o n a l i t y , c o l o u r o r g e o g r a p h i c a l l o c a t i o n . T h e u n i t i n g o f t h e m a s s e s i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m s o l e l y o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e i r b e l o n g i n g t o a p a r t i c u l a r c o n t i n e n t — w h e t h e r A f r i c a , A s i a , L a t i n A m e r i c a o r E u r o p e — c a n b e d e t r i m e n t a l t o t h e f i g h t i n g p e o p l e s . T h i s w o u l d b e n o t u n i t i n g b u t i n f a c t s p l i t t i n g t h e f o r c e s o f t h e u n i t e d a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f r o n t .

T h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t l i e s i n i t s f a i t h f u l n e s s t o M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d t o p r o l e ­t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m . T h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n h a s f o u g h t a n d w i l l c o n t i n u e t o f i g h t a n y d e p a r t u r e f r o m M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d a n y o p p o r t u n i s m . W e f i r m l y a d h e r e t o t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e S t a t e m e n t o f 1 9 6 0 i n d i c a t i n g t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r a s t r u g g l e o n t w o f r o n t s — a g a i n s t R i g h t a n d " L e f t " ' o p p o r t u n i s m . T h e S t a t e m e n t r i g h t l y s a y s t h a t t h e m a i n d a n g e r i n t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i s r e v i s i o n i s m , a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e p o i n t s o u t t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r a r e s o l u t e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t s e c t a r i a n i s m a n d d o g m a t i s m , w h i c h c a n b e c o m e t h e m a i n d a n g e r a t a n y s t a g e i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f s e p a r a t e P a r t i e s i f n o t c o n s i s t e n t l y c o m b a t e d .

M o t i v a t e d b y t h e d e s i r e t o c o n s o l i d a t e t h e u n i t y o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , o u r P a r t y w i l l c o n t i n u e t o f i g h t r e s o l u t e l y a g a i n s t b o t h r i g h t - w i n g a n d l e f t - w i n g o p p o r t u n i s m , w h i c h a r e t o d a y e v e r y b i t a s d a n g e r o u s a s r e v i s i o n i s m . B u t w h i l e b e i n g i m p l a c a b l e a s r e g a r d s f u n -

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d a m e n t a l q u e s t i o n s o f p r i n c i p l e i n t h e t h e o r y a n d t a c t i c s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , w h i l e s t r u g g l i n g a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m a n d s e c t a r i a n i s m , w e s h a l l s p a r e n o e f f o r t t o e l u c i d a t e , b y p a i n s t a k i n g c o m r a d e l y d i s c u s s i o n , q u e s t i o n s o n w h i c h t h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s , s o a s t o c l e a r a w a y a l l e x t r a n e o u s o b s t a c l e s i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h o u r u n i t y . I n s o d o i n g , w e p r o c e e d f r o m t h e p r e m i s e t h a t w h e n c r i t ­i c i z i n g a n y m i s t a k e r e l a t i n g t o q u e s t i o n s o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , a n d a l s o i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , s h o u l d s e t t h e m s e l v e s t h e o b j e c t i v e o f p o i n t i n g o u t t h e d a n g e r o f s u c h m i s t a k e s a n d o f h e l p i n g t o r e m e d y t h e m , a n d n o t o f h a r p i n g o n t h e s e m i s t a k e s f o r a l l t i m e . W e a r e s t r i v i n g t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e c o m p l e t e u n i t i n g o f r e v o l u ­t i o n a r y f o r c e s , a n d n o t t h e i r d i s i n t e g r a t i o n o r t h e a n n p u -t a t i o n o f o n e o r a n o t h e r s e c t i o n i n o u r m o v e m e n t . N a t ­u r a l l y , C o m m u n i s t s c a n n o t a l l o w c o n c e s s i o n s o n p o i n t s o f p r i n c i p l e i n M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t h e o r y .

A s a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t P a r t y , t h e C . P . S . U . c a r e f u l l y s t u d i e s t h e e x p e r i e n c e a c c u m u l a t e d i n t h e s t r u g g l e s o f t h e M a i - x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s i n a l l c o u n t r i e s . W e g r e a t l y p r i z e t h e s t r u g g l e b e i n g w a g e d b y t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s a n d i t s r e v o l u t i o n a r y v a n g u a r d o f C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s i n F r a n c e , I t a l y , t h e U . S . A . , B r i t a i n , t h e o t h e r c a p ­i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , a s w e l l a s t h e h e r o i c s t r u g g l e w h i c h t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s o f A s i a n , A f r i c a n a n d L a t i n A m e r ­i c a n c o u n t r i e s a r e c a r r y i n g o n f o r n a t i o n a l a n d s o c i a l e m a n c i p a t i o n f r o m t h e d o m i n a t i o n o f t h e i m p e r i a l i s t m o ­n o p o l i e s , c o l o n i a l i s m a n d n e o - c o l o n i a l i s m .

T h e C o m m u n i s t P a r l i e s h a v e d e v e l o p e d i n t o i n f l u e n t i a l n a t i o n a l f o r c e s , i n t o a d v a n c e d d e t a c h m e n t s o f f i g h t e r s f o r t h e h a p p i n e s s o f t h e i r p e o p l e s . N o w o n d e r t h e r e a c t i o n ­a r i e s a r e s t r i k i n g b l o w a f t e r b l o w a t t h e C o m m u n i s t s i n

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t h e i r e f f o r t s t o b r e a k t h e i r w i h . I n t h e i r f i g h t a g a i n s t t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t h e r e a c t i o n a r i e s b r i n g o u t t h e s h o p - s o i l e d l i e a b o u t t h e " h a n d o f M o s c o w , " c l a i m i n g t h a t t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s a r e n o t a n a t i o n a l f o r c e b u t a v e h i c l e f o r t h e p o l i c y o f a n o t h e r c o u n t r y , t h e t o o l o f a n o t h e r c o u n t r y . T h e i m p e r i a l i s t s a r e d o i n g t h i s w i t h e v i l i n t e n t , i n o r d e r t o c o u n t e r t h e m o u n t i n g i n f l u e n c e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s , i n o r d e r t o m a k e t h e m a s s e s s u s p e c t t h e m , i n o r d e r t o j u s t i f y p o l i c e p e r s e c u t i o n o f t h e C o m ­m u n i s t s .

H o w e v e r , a l l h o n e s t - m i n d e d m e n a n d w o m e n k n o w t h a t t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s a r e t h e t r u e u p h o l d e r s a n d c h a m ­p i o n s o f n a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s , t h a t t h e y a r e s t a u n c h p a t r i o t s w h o c o m b i n e l o v e f o r t h e i r c o u n t r y a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r ­n a t i o n a l i s m i n t h e i r s t r u g g l e f o r t h e h a p p i n e s s o f t h e p e o ­p l e . T h e C . P . S . U . c o n s i d e r s i t i t s o b l i g a t i o n t o g i v e e v e r y s u p p o r t t o i t s b r o t h e r s i n t h e h e r o i c s t r u g g l e t h e y a r e w a g i n g i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , t o s t r e n g t h e n i n t e r n a ­t i o n a l s o l i d a r i t y w i t h t h e m .

T h e s e , i n g e n e r a l o u t l i n e , a r e s o m e o f o u r i d e a s o n i m p o r t a n t c o n t e m p o r a r y q u e s t i o n s o f p r i n c i p l e , o n t h e s t r a t e g y a n d t a c t i c s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u ­n i s t m o v e m e n t , w h i c h w e t h o u g h t i t n e c e s s a r y t o t o u c h u p o n i n t h i s l e t t e r .

B e i n g f i r m l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e p r e s e n t p o l i c y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , w h i c h f o u n d i t s e x ­p r e s s i o n i n t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d S t a t e m e n t o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , i s t h e o n l y c o r r e c t o n e , w e b e l i e v e t h a t a t t h e f o r t h c o m i n g m e e t i n g b e t w e e n t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d C . P . C . i t w o u l d b e e x p e d i e n t t o d i s c u s s t h e f o l l o w i n g m o s t u r g e n t p r o b l e m s :

a ) Q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e f u r t h e r s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e m i g h t o f t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m

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a n d i t s t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n t o t h e d e c i s i v e f a c t o r i n t h e d e ­v e l o p m e n t o f h u m a n s o c i e t y , w h i c h i s t h e m a i n d i s t i n ­g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e o f o u r e r a . W e c o u l d j o i n t l y d i s c u s s h o w f a s t e r a n d b e t t e r t o s e c u r e a v i c t o r y f o r t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s i n p e a c e f u l e c o n o m i c c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h c a p i t a l ­i s m ;

b ) Q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e s t r u g g l e f o r p e a c e a n d p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e . T h e n e e d t o p o o l t h e e f f o r t s o f a l l p e a c e - l o v i n g f o r c e s f o r t h e s t r u g g l e t o p r e v e n t a w o r l d t h e r m o - n u c l e a r w a r . T h e c r e a t i o n a n d t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e b r o a d e s t u n i t e d f r o n t o f p e a c e s u p p o r t e r s . T h e e x ­p o s u r e o f t h e r e a c t i o n a r y e s s e n c e o f i m p e r i a l i s m , t h e h e i g h t e n i n g o f v i g i l a n c e a n d t h e m o b i l i z a t i o n o f t h e b r o a d m a s s e s t o f i g h t a g a i n s t t h e p r e p a r a t i o n s b e i n g m a d e b y t h e i m p e r i a l i s t s f o r a n e w w o r l d w a r , f r u s t r a t e t h e i r a g g r e s s i v e s c h e m e s a n d i s o l a t e t h e f o r c e s o f r e a c t i o n a n d w a r . A s s e r t i o n i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s o f t h e L e n i n i s t p r i n c i p l e o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e b e t w e e n s t a t e s w i t h d i f ­f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s . T h e s t r u g g l e f o r g e n e r a l a n d c o m ­p l e t e d i s a r m a m e n t a n d f o r t h e e h m i n a t i o n o f t h e t r a c e s o f t h e S e c o n d W o r l d W a r ;

c) Q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l ­i s m h e a d e d b y t h e U . S . T h e u s e , i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f o u r c a u s e , o f t h e w e a k e n i n g p o s i t i o n s o f c a p i t a l i s m a n d t h e g r o w i n g i n s t a b i l i t y o f t h e e n t i r e c a p i t a l i s t s y s t e m o f w o r l d e c o n o m y , t h e a g g r a v a t i o n o f c o n t r a d i c t i o n s o f c a p -' i t a l i s m , a n d a b o v e a l l c o n t r a d i c t i o n s b e t w e e n l a b o u r a n d c a p i t a l , a n d t h e s e v e r e c r i s i s i n b o u r g e o i s i d e o l o g y a n d p o l i t i c s . S u p p o r t o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n d c l a s s s t r u g g l e o f t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e i n c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s a g a i n s t t h e m o n o p o l i e s , f o r t h e i r s o c i a l l i b e r a t i o n , f o r t h e a b o l i t i o n o f t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n o f m a n b y m a n , f o r t h e e x t e n s i o n o f t h e d e m o c r a t i c r i g h t s a n d f r e e d o m s o f t h e p e o p l e s ;

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d ) Q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e n a t i o n a l - h b e r a t i o n m o v e ­m e n t . T h e s u p p o r t a n d u t m o s t d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e n a ­t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f t h e p e o p l e s . T h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e c o m p l e t e a n d f i n a l e n d i n g o f c o l o n i a h s m a n d n e o ­c o l o n i a l i s m i n a l l i t s f o r m s . T h e r e n d e r i n g o f s u p p o r t t o p e o p l e s f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t c o l o n i a l i s m , a n d a l s o t o c o u n ­t r i e s w h i c h h a v e a c h i e v e d t h e i r n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n . T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f e c o n o m i c a n d c u l t u r a l c o - o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e s e c o u n t r i e s ;

e ) Q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h e u n i t y a n d c o h e s i o n o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y a n d o f t h e r a n k s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e n e e d f o r c o n s o l i d a t i n g i n e v e r y w a y t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t h e m o s t i n f l u e n t i a l p o l i t i c a l f o r c e o f o u r t i m e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n c o n d i t i o n s w h e r e t h e i m p e r i a l i s t r c a c l i o n a r i e s h a v e j o i n e d f o r c e s i n t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t c o m m u n i s m . T h e p r e ­v e n t i o n o f a n y a c t i o n s w h i c h c o u l d u n d e r m i n e t h i s u n i t y , t h e f i r m a d h e r e n c e b y e a c h f r a t e r n a l P a r t y t o t h e a s s e s s ­m e n t s a n d c o n c l u s i o n s w o r k e d o u t j o i n t l y . T h e c o n t i n u a ­t i o n o f t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m a n d d o g m a t i s m , a s a n i n d i s p e n s a b l e c o n d i t i o n f o r t h e d e f e n c e o f M a r x i s m -L e n i n i s m i n i t s p u r e f o r m , a n d o f i t s c i ' e a t i v e d e v e l o p ­m e n t , a n d f o r t h e f u r t h e r s u c c e s s e s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f r e l a t i o n s a m o n g t h e f r a ­t e r n a l P a r t i e s o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a n d m u t u a l a i d a n d s u p p o r t . T h e w o r k ­i n g o u t o f j o i n t m e a s u r e s t o i n t e n s i f y t h e i d e o l o g i c a l a n d p o l i t i c a l s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m a n d r e a c t i o n .

D u r i n g t h e t a l k s i t w i l l b e p o s s i b l e t o d i s c u s s a l l t h e q u e s t i o n s m e n t i o n e d i n y o u r l e t t e r , q u e s t i o n s o f c o m m o n i n t e r e s t s t e m m i n g f r o m t h e t a s k s i n t h e s t r u g g l e t o i m ­p l e m e n t t h e d e c i s i o n s o f t h e M o s c o w M e e t i n g s . A n i m ­p o r t a n t r o l e c o u l d b e p l a y e d b y t h e d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e

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q u e s t i o n s c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f u n i t y b e ­t w e e n t h e U . S . S . R . a n d t h e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f C h i n a .

I n y o u r l e t t e r y o u r a i s e t h e A l b a n i a n a n d Y u g o s l a v q u e s t i o n s . W e h a v e a l r e a d y w r i t t e n t o y o u t h a t t h e s e q u e s t i o n s , t h o u g h o f a b a s i c n a t u r e , c a n n o t a n d s h o u l d n o t e c l i p s e t h e m a i n p r o b l e m s o f o u r t i m e s w h i c h c a l l f o r d i s c u s s i o n a t o u r m e e t i n g .

O u r P a r t y , h a v i n g c o n d e m n e d t h e s p l i t t i n g a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e A l b a n i a n l e a d e r s , h a s a t t h e s a m e t i m e t a k e n a n u m b e r o f s t e p s t o w a r d s n o r m a l i z i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s b e ­t w e e n t h e A l b a n i a n P a r t y o f L a b o u r a n d t h e C . P . S . U . a n d o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s . I n s p i t e o f t h e f a c t t h a t t h e l e a d ­e r s o f t h e A l b a n i a n P a r t y o f L a b o u r h a v e r e c e n t l y b e e n c o m i n g o u t w i t h s l a n d e r o u s a t t a c k s o n o u r P a r t y a n d t h e S o v i e t p e o p l e , w e , b e i n g g u i d e d b y s u p r e m e i n t e r e s t s , d o n o t r e l i n q u i s h t h e h o p e t h a t t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e C . P . S . U . a n d t h e A l b a n i a n P a r t y o f L a b o u r m a y b e i m ­p r o v e d . A t t h e e n d o f F e b r u a r y t h i s y e a r t h e C . P . S . U . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o n c e a g a i n t o o k t h e i n i t i a t i v e a n d s u g g e s t e d t o t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e A l b a n i a n P a r ­t y o f L a b o u r t h a t a b i l a t e r a l m e e t i n g b e h e l d b e t w e e n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f o u r t w o P a r t i e s . H o w e v e r , t h i s c o m ­r a d e l y s t e p o n o u r p a r t d i d n o t m e e t w i t h d u o r e s p o n s e

' o n t h e p a r t o f t h e A l b a n i a n l e a d e r s h i p . T h e l e a d e r s o f t h e A l b a n i a n P a r t y o f L a b o u r d i d n o t e v e n d e e m i t n e c e s s a r y t o a c k n o w l e d g e o u r l e t t e r c o n t a i n i n g t h e C . P . S . U . C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e ' s p r o p o s a l a b o u t t h e b i l a t e r a l m e e t i n g s . H a v i n g o b v i o u s l y l a t e r c o m e t o t h e i r s e n s e s , t h e A l b a n i a n l e a d e r s s e n t u s a l e t t e r i n w h i c h , a f t e r s o m e r e s e r v a t i o n s a n d s t i p u l a t i o n s , t h e y s p e a k o f s u c h a m e e t i n g . I f r e a l d e s i r e i s i n f a c t s h o w n , w e a r e r e a d y t o h a v e a m e e t i n g .

A s f a r a s Y u g o s l a v i a i s c o n c e r n e d , w e m a i n t a i n , p r o ­c e e d i n g f r o m a n a n a l y s i s a n d a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e o b j e c t i v e

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• e c o n o m i c a n d p o l i t i c a l c o n d i t i o n s i n t h a t c o u n t r y , t h a t i t i s a s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r y , a n d i n o u r r e l a t i o n s w i t h i t w e s t r i v e t o e s t a b l i s h c l o s e r r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e F e d e r a t i v e P e o p l e ' s R e p u b l i c o f Y u g o s l a v i a a n d t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m ­m o n w e a l t h , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p o l i c y p u r s u e d b y t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s f o r t h e c e m e n t i n g t o g e t h e r o f a l l t h e a n t i -i m p e r i a l i s t f o r c e s o f t h e w o r l d . W e a l s o t a k e i n t o c o n s i d ­e r a t i o n t h e d e f i n i t e p o s i t i v e t e n d e n c i e s s h o w n o f l a t e i n Y u g o s l a v i a ' s e c o n o m i c a n d s o c i o - p o l i t i c a l l i f e . M e a n w h i l e t h e C . P . S . U . i s a w a r e o f t h e s e r i o u s d i f f e r e n c e s t h a t e x i s t w i t h t h e L e a g u e o f C o m m i u n i s t s o f Y u g o s l a v i a o n s e v e r a l i d e o l o g i c a l q u e s t i o n s a n d c o n s i d e r s i t n e c e s s a r y t o t e l l t h e Y u g o s l a v c o m r a d e s s o f r a n k l y , c r i t i c i z i n g t h o s e v i e w s o f t h e i r s w h i c h i t f i n d s w r o n g .

I n i t s l e t t e r o f M a r c h 9 , 1 9 6 3 , t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a a g r e e s w i t h u s i n s a y i n g t h a t t o d a y t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t f a c e s a c r u c i a l t i m e . I t d e p e n d s o n u s , o n o u r P a r t i e s , o n t h e c o r ­r e c t n e s s o f o u r p o l i c y , w h e t h e r w e c o n t i n u e t o a d v a n c e t o g e t h e r i n o n e I ' a n k o r a l l o w o u r s e l v e s t o b e i n v o l v e d i n a s t r u g g l e h a r m f u l t o t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s , t o o u r p e o p l e s a n d t o a l l w o r k i n g p e o p l e , a s t r u g g l e t h a t c a n o n l y r e s u l t i n m u t u a l e s t r a n g e m e n t , w e a k e n t h e f o r c e s o f s o c i a l i s m , . a n d u n d e r m i n e t h e u n i t y o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t .

N a t u r a l l y , b e i n g l a r g e , s t r o n g p a r t i e s , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a n d t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a w o u l d e m e r g e f r o m t h i s s i t u a t i o n w i t h s m a l l e r l o s s e s ; b u t a s f a r a s t h e o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e w o r k i n g i n c o m p l e x c o n d i t i o n s , a r e c o n c e r n e d , t h e y w o u l d b e f a c e d w i t h g r e a t a n d m o r e o v e r u n n e c e s s a r y c o m p l i c a t i o n s , w h i c h , o f c o u r s e , i s n o t o u r a i m .

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E v e r y t h i n g d e p e n d s o n h o w w e a c t i n t h i s s e r i o u s a n d c o m p l e x s i t u a t i o n . A r e w e t o c o n t i n u e e n g a g i n g i n p o l e m i c s , t o f a l l p r e y t o o u r p a s s i o n s , a n d t o t u r n a r g u ­m e n t s i n t o r e c r i m i n a t i o n s a n d u n p r o v e d a c c u s a t i o n s a n d s a l l i e s a g a i n s t t h e f i ' a t e r n a l P a r l i e s ? O r a r e w e , a w a r e o f t h e g r e a t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t h a t w e b e a r f o r t h e d e s t i n i e s o f o u r g r e a t c a u s e , t o d i r e c t d e v e l o p m e n t s a l o n g a d i f f e r e n t c h a n n e l , a n d s h o w e n o u g h c o u r a g e t o r i s e a b o v e a l l t h a t d i v i d e s u s t o d a y , c e a s e u n c o m r a d e l y p o l e m i c s , a n d c o n ­c e n t r a t e o n a s e a r c h f o r w a y s o f c o n s o l i d a t i n g m i l i t a n t S o v i e t - C h i n e s e c o - o p e r a t i o n , o f c o n s o h d a t i n g t h e f r i e n d ­s h i p o f a l l t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t j e s ?

W e r e a l i z e t h a t a n y m o v e m e n t , i n c l u d i n g t h e c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , i s u n t h i n k a b l e w i t h o u t c o n t r o v e r s y . H o w e v e r , n o d i f f e r e n c e s , n o d i s p l e a s u r e a t t h e b e h a v i o u r o f a p a r t i c u l a r P a r t y , c a n j u s t i f y m e t h o d s o f s t r u g g l e d e t i ' i m e n t a l t o t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e d e e p e r a n d b r o a d e r o u r u n d e r ­s t a n d i n g o f t h e a i m s a n d t a . s k s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l w o r k ­i n g c l a s s , t h e g r e a t e r t h e v i g o u r w i t h w h i c h w e s h o u l d s t r i v e t o a n a l y s e o u r d i f f e r e n c e s , h o w e v e r s e r i o u s t h e y m a y s e e m t o d a y , q u i e t l y a n d r e l e v a n t l y , a n d p r e v e n t t h e m f r o m i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h o u r p o s i t i v e w o r k , f r o m d i s ­o r g a n i z i n g t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e i n t e r n a ­t i o n a l w o r k i n g c l a s s .

L e t u s s t r u g g l e t o g e t h e r f o r c o n s i s t e n t a d h e r e n c e t o t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t c o u r s e i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m a n d d o g m a t i s m , f o r c l o s e r u n i t y i n t h e r a n k s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t , f o r r e s p e c t f o r c o l l e c t i v e l y w o r k e d o u t p o l i c i e s , a n d a g a i n s t a n y v i o l a t i o n s o r a r b i t r a r y i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f t h e s e .

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O u r P a r t y d o e s n o t s u c c u m b t o t h e h e a t o f t h e p o l e m i c s t r u g g l e b u t , a w a r e o f o u r c o m m o n r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , w i s h e s t o s t o p t h e d a n g e r ­o u s p r o c e s s o f s l i d i n g i n t o a n e w s e r i e s o f d i s c u s s i o n s . I t i s o b v i o u s t o e v e r y o n e t h a t w e c o u l d h a v e f o u n d m u c h t o s a y i n d e f e n c e o f t h e L e n i n i s t p o l i c y o f t h e C P . S . U . , i n d e f e n c e o f t h e c o m m o n l i n e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , i n r e p l y t o g r o u n d l e s s a t t a c k s m a d e i n a r t i c l e s r e c e n t l y c a r r i e d b y t h e C h i n e s e p r e s s . A n d i f w e a r e n o t d o i n g i t n o w i t i s o n l y b e c a u s e w e d o n o t w a n t t o g l a d d e n t h e f o e s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . W e h o p e t h a t t h e h a r m c a u s e d b y t h e s h a r p e n i n g p o l e m i c s w i l l b e r e a h z e d , a n d t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t s y s t e m a n d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t w i l l b e p l a c e d a b o v e a l l e l s e . T h e r e f o r e w e s u g g e s t a m e e t i n g t o y o u , n o t i n o r d e r t o a g g r a v a t e t h e d i s p u t e b u t i n o r d e r t o r e a c h a m u t u a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g o n m a j o r p r o b l e m s t h a t h a v e a r i s e n i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

W e k n o w t h a t s u c h m e e t i n g i s b e i n g l o o k e d f o r w a r d t o b y o u r f r i e n d s i n a l l t h e c o u n t r i e s o f t h e w o r l d , a n d t h a t t h e y p i n g r e a t h o p e s o n i t . I t d e p e n d s o n u s , o n o u r w i l l a n d r e a s o n , w h e t h e r r e s u l t s g l a d d e n i n g t o o u r f r i e n d s a n d u p s e t t i n g t o t h e e n e m i e s o f c o m m u n i s m w i l l b e a c h i e v e d a t t h e m e e t i n g . T h i s w i l l b e o u r c o m m o n c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e c a u s e o f t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f a l l o p ­p r e s s e d p e o p l e , f o r t h e v i c t o r y oC p e a c e a n d s o c i a l i s m o n e a r t h , f o r t h e t r i u m p h o f t h e g r e a t r e v o l u t i o n a r y d o c t r i n e o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m .

W i t h c o m m u n i s t g r e e t i n g s ,

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

THE L E T T E R OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE C.P.C. TO THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE

OF T H E C.P.S.U.

( M a r c h 9, 1963)

M a r c h 9 , 1 9 6 3

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

D e a r C o m r a d e s , T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f

C h i n a h a s r e c e i v e d t h e l e t t e r o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n d a t e d F e b r u a r y 2 1 , 1 9 6 3 .

W h e n C o m r a d e M a o T s e - t u n g r e c e i v e d C o m r a d e C h e r v o n e n k o , t h e S o v i e t A m b a s s a d o r t o C h i n a , o n F e b r u ­a r y 2 3 , h e e x p l a i n e d o u r e s t i m a t i o n o f y o u r l e t t e r . •

W e w e l c o m e y o u r l e t t e r . W e w e l c o m e t h e d e s i r e f o r u n i t y e x p r e s s e d i n i t ; w e w e l c o m e t h e n o r m a l a t t i t u d e o f e q u a l i t y t o w a r d s f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a s s h o w n i n i t ; w e w e l c o m e y o u r d e f i n i t e a p p r o v a l o f t h e p r o p o s a l t o c a l l a m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f a l l t h e C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s o f t h e w o r l d .

T o s a f e g u a r d t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , t o s a f e ­g u a r d t h e u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t o s a f e g u a r d t h e u n i t y o f o u r t w o P a r t i e s a n d t w o c o u n -iries t h i s i s a n d h a s b e e n t h e c o n s i s t e n t p o s i t i o n o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a . W e h a v e n e v e r s p a r e d o u r

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e f f o r t s i n t h e i n t e r e s t o f u n i t y . W e a r e a l w a y s d i s t r e s s e d b y a n d o p p o s e d t o a n y t h i n g t h a t i s n o t i n t h e i n t e r e s t o f u n i t y . W e a l w a y s " r e j o i c e a t a n d s u p p o r t a n y t h i n g t h a t i s i n t h e i n t e r e s t o f u n i t y .

W e o u g h t t o f a c e t h e f a c t t h a t a t p r e s e n t t h e r e a r e s e r i o u s d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t o n a s e r i e s o f i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n s o f p r i n c i p l e . A s f o r t h e c a u s e s o f t h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s , w h i c h y o u r l e t t e r s a y s " c a n b e e x p l a i n e d b y t h e d i f f e r e n t c o n d i t i o n s i n w h i c h t h i s o r t h a t d e t a c h m e n t o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i s w o r k i n g " , t h e m o r e i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r , i n o u r o p i n i o n , i s t h e q u e s t i o n o f h o w M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m i s u n d e r s t o o d a n d w h a t a t t i t u d e i s t a k e n t o w a r d s i t , a n d t h e q u e s t i o n o f h o w t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e M o s c o w S t a t e m e n t a r e u n d e r s t o o d , a n d w h a t a t t i t u d e i s t a k e n t o w a r d s t h e m .

T h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y h a s a l w a y s a d v o c a t e d t h a t w h e n d i f f e r e n c e s o n q u e s t i o n s o f p r i n c i p l e a r i s e b e ­t w e e n f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s s h o u l d s t a r t w i t h t h e d e s i r e f o r u n i t y , c a r r y o n c o m r a d e l y d i s c u s s i o n a n d m u t u a l c r i t i c i s m s o a s t o d i s t i n g u i s h r i g h t f r o m w r o n g , a n d r e a c h t h e g o a l o f u n i t y o n t h e b a s i s o f M a r x i s m -L e n i n i s m . T h a t i s t o s a y , d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s s h o u l d b e s e t t l e d i n s i d e t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m ­m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t h r o u g h c o n s u l t a t i o n o n a n e q u a l f o o t ­i n g i n b i l a t e r a l o r m u l t i l a t e r a l t a l k s o r a t a m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r i n c i p l e s a n d m e t h o d s s e t f o r t h i n t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e M o s c o w S t a t e m e n t .

T h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y i s a n d a l w a y s h a s b e e n o p p o s e d t o p u b l i c e x p o s u r e o f d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n f r a ­t e r n a l P a r t i e s b e f o r e t h e e n e m y . W e ai 'e e v e n m o r e s t r o n g l y o p p o s e d t o t h e i n f l a m m a t i o n o f d e b a t e a n d t h e

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c o m p l i c a t i o n o f m a t t e r s b y t h e u s e o f s u c h m e t h o d s a s t h e c o n v e n i n g o f P a r t y c o n g r e s s e s , t h e i s s u a n c e o f I ' c s o l u -t i o n s o r s t a t e m e n t s b y P a r t y C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e s , a n d t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f a r t i c l e s a n d s p e e c h e s b y P a r t y a n d s t a t e l e a d e r s . W e k n e w f u l l w e l l , a n d h a v e s a i d m o r e t h a n o n c e , t h a t s u c h p r a c t i c e s w o u l d g l a d d e n o u r e n e m y a n d c r e a t e d i f f i c u l t i e s f o r o u r o w n r a n k s , a n d e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s i n c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s . E v e n t s h a v e p r o v e d t h a t o u r c o n c e r n w a s n o t u n c a l l e d f o r . M o r e a n d m o r e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s h a v e n o w e x p r e s s e d t h e w i s h t h a t p u b l i c p o l e m i c s s h o u l d c e a s e . T h i s i s a g o o d s i g n . W e a r d e n t l y h o p e t h a t t h e p u b l i c p o l e m i c s a m o n g t h e f r a ­t e r n a l P a r t i e s w i l l c e a s e i n t h e s h o r t e s t p o s s i b l e t i m e .

T h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t h a s i n d e e d r e a c h e d a c r i t i c a l j u n c t u r e . T h e t i m e h a s i n d e e d c o m e w h e n t h e d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s h a v e t o b e s e t t l e d .

W e h a v e b e f o r e u s a v e r y g o o d i n t e r n a t i o n a l s i t u a t i o n , o n e t h a t i s m o s t f a v o u r a b l e f o r r e v o l u t i o n i n t h e w o r l d . T h e r e i s n o r e a s o n w h y w e s h o u l d n o t e l i m i n a t e o u r d i f ­f e r e n c e s a n d s t r e n g t h e n o u r u n i t y .

I n t h e w o r l d b a l a n c e o f f o r c e s , t h e s u p e r i o r i t y i s o n t h e s i d e o f s o c i a l i s m a n d t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y p e o p l e , a n d n o t o n t h e s i d e o f i m p e r i a l i s m a n d i t s l a c k e y s .

T w o g r e a t h i s t o r i c a l c u r r e n t s o f o u r t i m e , t h e f o r c e s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d t h e f o r c e s o f t h e n a t i o n a l d e m o c r a t i c r e v o l u t i o n s i n A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a , a r e b a t ­t e r i n g t h e w a l l o f t h e r e a c t i o n a r y r u l e o f i m p e r i a l i s m , h e a d e d b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a .

T h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s a m o n g t h p i m p e r i a l i s t p o w e r s , a n d e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e b e t w e e n U . S . i m p e r i a l i s m a n d t h e o t h e r i m p e r i a l i s t p o w e r s , a r e b e c o m i n g d e e p e r a n d s h a r p e r , a n d n e w c o n f l i c t s a r e d e v e l o p i n g a m o n g t h e m .

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I n t h i s s i t u a t i o n , w h a t i s o f d e c i s i v e s i g n i f i c a n c e f o r t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c a u s e o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t as a w h o l e i s t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m h e a d e d b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d t h e s u p p o r t f o r t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d p e o p l e s o f A s i a , A f r i c a a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a .

I n t h i s s i t u a t i o n , t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f p r e v e n t i n g a n e w w o r l d w a r a n d p r e s e r v i n g w o r l d p e a c e w i l l i n c r e a s e w i t h t h e f u r t h e r d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e s o -c i a h s t c o u n t r i e s , t h e f u r t h e r d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e n a t i o n a l -l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t , o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d p e o p l e s , o f t h e m o v e m e n t i n d e f e n c e o f w o r l d p e a c e a n d , a t t h e s a m e t i m e , w i t h t h e f u l l u t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n s i n t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c a m p .

I n t h i s s i t u a t i o n , w h a t i s n e c e s s a r y f i r s t o f a l l i s t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p a n d t h e u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . W i t h t h e u n i t y o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s a s t h e n u c l e u s , t h e s t r e n g t h e n ­i n g o f t h e u n i t y o f t h e w o r l d p r o l e t a r i a t , t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e u n i t y b e t w e e n t h e w o r l d p r o l e t a r i a t a n d a l l t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d p e o p l e s a n d t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f t h e g r e a t u n i t y o f a l l t h e p e o p l e i n t h e w o r l d w h o f a v o u r o p p o s i t i o n t o i m p e r i a l i s m — t h e s e a r e t h e g u a r a n t e e f o r t h e v i c t o r y o f o u r c o m m o n c a u s e .

T h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a n d S t a t e m e n t s e t f o r t h t h e c o m m o n l i n e , c o u r s e a n d p o l i c i e s f o r o u r c o m m o n s t r u g g l e . T h e s e t w o d o c u m e n t s p r e s e n t c l e a r - c u t c o n c l u ­s i o n s o n t h e n a t u r e o f t h e p r e s e n t e p o c h ; o n t h e s o c i a h s t c a m p ; o n t h e c o m m o n l a w s o f s o c i a l i s t r e v o l u t i o n a n d s o c i a l i s t c o n s t r u c t i o n ; o n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m ; o n w a r a n d p e a c e ; o n p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e o f c o u n t r i e s w i t h d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s ; o n t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t ; o n t h e t a s k s a n d t a c t i c s o f t h e w o r k i n g - c l a s s

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m o v e m e n t i n t h e c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s ; o n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t r e v i s i o n i s m a s t h e m a i n d a n g e r a t p r e s e n t a n d t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t d o g m a t i s m ; o n c o n t i n u i n g t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t Y u g o s l a v r e v i s i o n i s m , w h i c h h a s b e t r a y e d M a r x -i s m - L e n i n i s m ; o n t h e g u i d i n g p r i n c i p l e s f o r r e l a t i o n s a m o n g f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d f r a t e r n a l c o u n t r i e s — i n d e ­p e n d e n c e , e q u a l i t y a n d a t t a i n m e n t o f u n a n i m i t y t h r o u g h c o n s u l t a t i o n ; e t c . I n o u r w o r d s a n d d e e d s , w e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t s h a v e u n s w e r v i n g l y f o l l o w e d a n d m a i n t a i n ­e d t h i s c o r r e c t l i n e , t h i s c o r r e c t c o u r s e a n d t h e s e c o r r e c t p o l i c i e s . W e a r e v e r y g l a d t h a t t h e c o m r a d e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . , t o o , h a v e i n t h e i r l e t t e r e x p r e s s e d t h e i r l o y a l t y t o t h e s e t w o p r o g r a m m a t i c d o c u m e n t s .

T o e l i m i n a t e d i f f e r e n c e s a n d t o s t r e n g t h e n u n i t y o n t h e b a s i s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e M o s c o w S t a t e m e n t a c c o r d s w i t h t h e i n t e r e s t s , o f t h e p e o p l e o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d , w i t h t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , w i t h t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e p e o p l e o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , a n d w i t h t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e p e o p l e o f C h i n a a n d t h e S o v i e t U n i o n . C o n v e r s e l y , i f t h e d i f f e r e n c e s s h o u l d b e f u r t h e r e x a c e r ­b a t e d a n d u n i t y f u r t h e r u n d e r m i n e d , i t i s n o t o n l y f u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s t h a t w o u l d n o t f o r g i v e u s — w e w o u l d n o t b e f o r g i v e n b y t h e m a s s e s o f t h e p e o p l e o f o u r o w n t i m e .

W i t h , t h e p u r p o s e o f e l i m i n a t i n g d i f f e r e n c e s a n d s t r e n g t h e n i n g u n i t y , t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C h i ­n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y w r o t e a l e t t e r t o t h e C e n t r a l C o m ­m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . o n A p r i l 7, 1 9 6 2 . i n t h a t l e t t e r , t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t ' P a r t y e x p r e s s e d i t s s u p p o r t f o r t h e p r o p o s a l t o c o n v e n e a m e e t ­i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s p u t f o r w a r d b y t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f I n d o n e s i a , t h e W o r k e r s " P a r t y o f V i c t N a m , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f S w e d e n , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f

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G r e a t B r i t a i n a n d t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f N e w Z e a l a n d , a n d e x p l i c i t l y p r o p o s e d t h a t a m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s b e c o n v e n e d t o d i s c u s s p r o b l e m s o f c o m m o n c o n c e r n . W e a r e v e r y g l a d t h a t i n i t s r e c e n t l e t t e r t h e C e n t r a l C o m ­m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . a l s o f a v o u r s c a l l i n g a m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s .

I n o u r l e t t e r o f A p r i l 1, 1 9 6 2 , w e a l s o p o i n t e d o u t t h a t , i n o i ' d e r t o c o n v e n e a n d m a k e a s u c c e s s o f a m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , m a n y o b s t a c l e s w o u l d h a v e t o b e o v e i ' c o m e b e f o r e h a n d a n d m u c h p r e p a r a t o r y w o r k w o u l d l i a v e t o b e d o n e . A t t h a t t i m e , w e a d v a n c e d t h e f o l l o w ­i n g p o i n t s :

F i r s t , t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s a n d c o u n t r i e s h a v i n g d i s ­p u t e s s h o u l d t a k e s t e p s , h o w e v e i - s m a l l , t h a t w i l l h e l p e a s e r e l a t i o n s a n d r e s t o r e u n i t y , s o a s t o i m p r o v e t h e a t m o s p h e r e a n d p r e p a r e t h e c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e c o n v e n i n g a n d t h e s u c c e s s o f a m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s .

S e c o n d , w e s u p p o r t t h e p r o p o s a l o f t h e W o r k e r s ' P a r t y o f V i e t N a m t h a t p u b l i c a t t a c k s s h o u l d c e a s e .

T h i i ' d , w h e r e n e e d e d , c e r t a i n f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s s h o u l d h o l d b i l a t e r a l o r m u l t i l a t e r a l t a l k s t o e x c h a n g e o p i n i o n s .

F o u r t h , w e s i n c e r e l y h o p e t h a t t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s a n d t h e A l b a n i a n c o m r a d e s w i l l b o t h t a k e p o s i t i v e - s t e p s t o r e m o v e t h e i r d i f f e r e n c e s a n d r e s t o r e n o r m a l r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e t w o P a r t i e s a n d t h e t w o c o u n t r i e s . I n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n , i t s e e m s n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e S o v i e t c o m r a d e s t o t a k e t h e i n i t i a t i v e .

F i f t h , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s i n 1 ^ 5 7 , t h e C . P . S . U . i s r e . s p o n s i b l e f o r c o n v e n i n g m e e t i n g s o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s , a f t e r c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s .

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A t p r e s e n t , w e s t i l l h o l d t h a t t h e f o r e g o i n g p o i n t s a r e i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e s u c c e s s o f a m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s .

W e a r e v e r y g l a d t h a t i n i t s r e c e n t l e t t e r t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . h a s a l s o a d v a n c e d v a l u a b l e p r o p o s a l s f o r m a k i n g t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s s u c c e s s f u l .

W e a g r e e w i t h y o u r v i e w t h a t " i t i s e s p e c i a l l y i m p o r ­t a n t t o t a k e i m m e d i a t e c o n c r e t e p r a c t i c a l s t e p s t o e n s u r e o u r u n i t y , t o i m p r o v e t h e c l i m a t e i n t h e i ^ e l a t i o n . s b e t w e e n a l l f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s " .

I n o r d e r t o c r e a t e a f a v o u r a b l e a t m o s p h e r e f o r t h e c o n ­v e n i n g o f t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , w e h a v e d e c i d e d t h a t , a p a r t f r o m t h e a r t i c l e s w h i c h w e h a v e a l r e a d y p u b h s h e d a s r e p l i e s , w e w i l l f r o m n o w o n t e m p o ­r a r i l y s u s p e n d p u b l i c r e p l i e s i n o u r n e w s p a p e r s a n d p e r i o d i c a l s t o t h e p u b l i c a t t a c k s w h i c h w e r e d i i - e c t e d b y n a m e a g a i n s t t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y b y c o m r a d e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s . I t g o e s w i t h o u t s a y i n g t h a t , b a s i n g o u r s e l v e s o n t h e p r i n c i p l e o f e q u a l i t y a n d r e c i p r o c i t y b e t w e e n f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , w e r e s e r v e t h e r i g h t t o m a k e p u b l i c r e p l i e s t o a l l t h e s t a t e ­m e n t s o f f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s p u b l i c l y a t t a c k i n g t h e C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y b y n a m e . O n t h e s u s p e n s i o n o f p u b l i c p o l e m i c s , i t i s a l s o n e c e s s a r y t h a t o u r t w o P a r t i e s a n d t h e f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s c o n c e r n e d s h o u l d h a v e s o m e d i s c u s s i o n a n d r e a c h a n a g r e e m e n t t h a t i s f a i r a n d a c c e p t a b l e t o a l l .

W e w e l c o m e t h e p r o p o s a l i n y o u r l e t t e r t h a t t a l k s b e h e l d b e t w e e n t h e C h i n e s e a n d S o v i e t P a r t i e s . W e h o l d t h a t s u c h t a l k s c o n s t i t u t e a n e c e s s a r y p r e p a r a t o r y s t e p f o r t h e c o n v e n i n g o f a m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C o m ­m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s . I n h i s c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h C o m r a d e C h e r v o n e n k o , C o m r a d e M a o

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T s e - t u n g e x p r e s s e d t h e h o p e t h a t C o m r a d e K h r u s h c h o v , w h i l e m a k i n g h i s v i s i t t o C a m b o d i a , w o u l d s t o p o v e r i n P e k i n g f o r t a l k s b e t w e e n o u r t w o P a r t i e s a n d a n e x c h a n g e o f v i e w s . I f t h i s i s n o t c o n v e n i e n t f o i ' y o u , a n o t h e r r e ­s p o n s i b l e c o m r a d e o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . c a n l e a d a d e l e g a t i o n t o P e k i n g , o r w e c a n s e n d a d e l e g a t i o n t o M o s c o w .

W e a g r e e w i t h y o u r v i e w t h a t " d u r i n g t h e t a l k s i t w o u l d b e p o s s i b l e t o t a k e u p p o i n t b y p o i n t a l l t h e m a j o r q u e s t i o n s o f i n t e r e s t t o b o t h P a r t i e s , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e r e l a t i n g t o t h e c o m m o n t a s k s o f o u r s t r u g g l e " . W e h o l d t h a t t h e q u e s t i o n s t h a t n e e d t o b e d i s c u s s e d i n t h e t a l k s b e t w e e n t h e C h i n e s e a n d S o v i e t P a r t i e s a r e a l s o t h e q u e s t i o n s t h a t n e e d t o b e d i s c u s s e d a t t h e m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t a n d W o r k e r s ' P a r t i e s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , a n d t h a t t h e y a r e , f i r s t o f a l l , t h e f o l l o w ­i n g : t h e q u e s t i o n o f s t r a t e g y a n d t a c t i c s o f r e v o l u t i o n i n t h e c o n t e m p o r a r y w o r l d , t h e q u e s t i o n o f o p p o s i n g i m ­p e r i a l i s m a n d d e f e n d i n g w o r l d p e a c e , t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e l i b e r a t i o n s t r u g g l e s o f t h e o p p r e s s e d n a t i o n s a n d p e o p l e s , t h e q u e s t i o n o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e p o w e r a n d u n i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , t h e q u e s t i o n o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a n d o t h e r q u e s ­t i o n s o f c o m m o n i n t e r e s t . A l l t h e s e q u e s t i o n s o u g h t t o b e d i s c u s s e d i n a c o m r a d e l y w a y , p o i n t b y p o i n t , t o t h e f u l l a n d i n d e t a i l , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e f u n d a m e n t a l t e a c h i n g s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m a n d w i t h t h e r e v o l u t i o n ­a r y p r i n c i p l e s s e t f o r t h i n t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a n d S t a t e m e n t ; a n d t h e c o n s u l t a t i o n o u g h t n o t t o b e a m e r e f o r m a l i t y b u t s h o u l d b e c o n d u c t e d o n a f o o t i n g o f r e a l e q u a l i t y . W h a t e v e r i s a g r e e d u p o n b y b o t h s i d e s c a n b e s e t t l e d a t o n c e a n d a n a g r e e m e n t c a n b e c o n c l u d e d . E x i s t ­i n g d i f f e r e n c e s t h a t c a n n o t b e s e t t l e d i m m e d i a t e l y m a y

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b e l a i d a s i d e , p e n d i n g l a t e r s e t t l e m e n t . W e p r o p o s e t h a t i f w e c a n n o t f i n i s h o u r d i s c u s s i o n s i n o n e s e s s i o n , s e v e r a l s h o u l d b e h e l d , o r t h a t o u r P a r t i e s s h o u l d h o l d f u r t h e r b i l a t e r a l t a l k s .

I t i s t h e c o m m o n d e s i r e o f t h e p e o p l e o f C h i n a a n d t h e S o v i e t U n i o n , o f a l l t h e p e o p l e i n t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , o f t h e C o m m u n i s t s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , a n d o f a l l t h e o p p r e s s ­e d n a t i o n s a n d p e o p l e s t h e w o r l d o v e r t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e u n i t y o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e u n i t y o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c a m p , a n d e s p e c i a l l y t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e u n i t y b e t w e e n o u r t w o P a r t i e s a n d c o u n t r i e s . W e a r e c o n s c i o u s o f t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t h a t f a l l s o n o u r t w o P a r t i e s ; w e m u s t n o t d i s a p p o i n t t h e s e e x p e c t a t i o n s . L e t u s u n i t e o n t h e b a s i s o f M a r x i s m -L e n i n i s m , o n t h e b a s i s o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m a n d o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e M o s c o w D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e M o s c o w S t a t e m e n t .

W i t h c o m m u n i s t g r e e t i n g s .

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

Page 58: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist

THE L E T T E R OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE C.P.S.U. TO T H E CENTRAL COMMITTEE

OF THE C.P.C.

(February 21, 1963)

M o s c o w , F e b r u a r y 2 1 , 1 9 6 3 The Central Committee of the

Communist Party of China

D e a r C o m r a d e s , T f i e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e

S o v i e t U n i o n , g u i d e d b y t h e s u p r e m e i n t e r e s t s o f o u r c o m m o n c a u s e , h a s d e c i d e d t o w r i t e t h i s l e t t e r t o y o u i n o r d e r t o e x p r e s s o u r c o n s i d e r a t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e n e e d t o m a k e a c o m m o n e f f o r t t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e u n i t y o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r i n ­c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l ­i s m , t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t o f t h e M o s c o w m e e t i n g s . W e a r e a d d r e s s i n g y o u , b e i n g d e e p l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t i n t h e p r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n s t h e r e i s n o t a s k m o r e i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s t h a n t h e s t r u g ­g l e f o r t h e c o h e s i o n o f o u r r a n k s , f o r s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e u n i t y o f a l l t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s .

A l l w h o t r e a s u r e t h e g r e a t c a u s e o f p e a c e a n d s o c i a l ­i s m c a n n o t b u t f e e l s e r i o u s c o n c e r n o v e r t h e s i t u a t i o n w h i c h h a s a r i s e n o f l a t e i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . T h e o p e n , e v e r a g g r a v a t i n g p o l e m i c s a r e s h a k i n g t h e u n i t y o f f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , s e r i o u s l y d a m a g i n g o u r c o m -

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m o n i n t e r e s t s . T h e d i s p u t e s w h i c h h a v e a r i s e n w i t h i n t h e r a n k s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t o b s t r u c t t h e s u c c e s s f u l s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m , w e a k e n t h e e f f o r t s o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s i n t h e i n -t e i ' n a t i o n a l a r e n a , a d v e r s e l y a f f e c t t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f f r a t e r ­n a l P a r t i e s , e s p e c i a l l y o f t h o s e i n c a p i t a l i s t c o u n t r i e s w h e r e a c o m p l i c a t e d i n t e r n a l p o l i t i c a l s i t u a t i o n h a s a r i s e n .

T h e e n e m i e s o f s o c i a l i s m a r e s t r i v i n g t o l a k e a d v a n t a g e o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e s t h a t h a v e a r i s e n w i t h i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t t o d i v i d e t h e s o c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , t o s p l i t t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t , t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e i r o w n p o s i t i o n s .

I n c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e n e w b a l a n c e o f f o r c e s i n t h e w o r l d , t h e i m p e r i a l i s t a g g r e s s o r s a r e n o t i n a p o s i t i o n t o o v e r ­p o w e r t h e c l o s e l y w e l d e d s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y m i l i t a r i l y . T h e r e f o r e , t h e y p u t t h e i r m a i n s t a k e o n . s u b v e r t i n g o u r c o h e s i o n . U n l e s s w e h a v e u n i t y i n t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t o u r c o m m o n e n e m y , i f w e a c t s e p a r a t e l y i n t h e f a c e o f i m ­p e r i a l i s m , t h a t c a n o n l y w e a k e n o u r e f f o r t s a n d , t h e r e f o r e , s t r e n g t h e n t h e p o s i t i o n s o f t h e e n e m i e s o f s o c i a l i s m . T h e d i r e c t d u t y o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s , a b o v e a l l o f t h e b i g g e s t P a r t i e s l i k e t h e C . P . S . U . a n d t h e C . P . C . , i s n o t t o a l l o w e v e n t s t o d e v e l o p i n a d i r e c t i o n t h a t w o u l d c o n f r o n t t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t w i t h s e r i o u s d i f f i ­c u l t i e s , t o d o e v e r y t h i n g i n o r d e r t o e l i m i n a t e t h e p r e s e n t a b n o r m a l s i t u a t i o n a n d a c h i e v e u n i t y o f t h e r a n k s o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , a n d c o h e s i o n o f t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m ­m u n i t y .

W e a r e d e e p l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s e x ­p e r i e n c e d n o w b y t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t a r e t r a n s i e n t a n d c a n s u i e l y b e o v e r c o m e . W e p o s s e s s e v e r y t h i n g n e e d e d t o s t r e n g t h e n o u r u n i t y a n d c o h e s i o n . E v a l u a t i n g t h e p r e s e n t s i t u a t i o n f r o m t h e v i e w p o i n t o f t h e h i s t o r i c a l

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p r o s p e c t s o f t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f w o r l d s o c i a l i s m , o n e c a n ­n o t b u t c o m e t o t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t t h e c o m m o n , t h e m a i n t h i n g s t h a t u n i t e t h e C . P . S . U . , t h e C . P . C . , a l l t h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s , a r e i m m e a s u r a b l y h i g h e r a n d m o r e s i g n i f i c a n t t h a n t h e e x i s t i n g d i f f e r e n c e s . W e a r e w e l d e d t o g e t h e r b y t h e u n i t y o f t h e c l a s s i n t e r e s t s o f t h e p r o l e t a r i a t , o f t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e o f t h e w h o l e w o r l d , b y t h e g r e a t M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t t e a c h i n g . N o m a t t e r h o w s e r i o u s o u r d i f f e r e n c e s m i g h t s e e m t o d a y , o n e c a n n o t f o r g e t t h a t i n t h e g r e a t h i s t o r i c a l s t r u g g l e o f t h e f o r c e s o f s o c i a l i s m a g a i n s t c a p i t a l i s m , w e a r e s t a n d i n g w i t h y o u o n t h e s a m e s i d e o f t h e b a r r i c a d e .

B e i n g a w a r e o f t h e e n t i r e c o m p l e x i t y o f t h e p r e s e n t s i t u a t i o n , w e h o l d a t t h e s a m e t i m e t h a t t h e e x i s t i n g d i f ­f e r e n c e s s h o u l d n o t b e e x a g g e r a t e d a n d t h e c o l o u r s l a i d t o o t h i c k .

A n o b j e c t i v e a n a l y s i s o f t h e d i s c u s s i o n g o i n g o n i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t s h o w s t h a t i n m a n y i n s t a n c e s i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e p o l e m i c s t h e d i f f e r e n c e s t h a t a r i s e a r e a r t i f i c i a l l y i n f l a t e d a n d e x a c e r b a t e d , a n o v e r d u e a c c e n t i s m a d e o n d i s p u t e d i s s u e s . T h e h e a t o f p o l e m i c s a t t i m e s p r e v e n t s a c a l m a n d s o b e r a p p r a i s a l o f t h e s u b ­s t a n c e o f t h e p r o b l e m s t h a t h a v e a r i s e n , e c l i p s i n g t h e m a i n t h i n g s t h a t u n d e r l i e o u r u n i t y .

T h e M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s j o i n t l y w o r k e d o u t p r o ­g r a m m a t i c d o c u m e n t s — t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e ­m e n t o f t h e M o s c o w m e e t i n g s — t h e l o y a l t y t o w h i c h t h e y i n v a r i a b l y s t r e s s . S t e a d f a s t l y c a r r y i n g o u t t h e c o m ­m o n l i n e a g r e e d u p o n b y t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t , t h e C . P . S . U . i s w a g i n g a c t i v e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l ­i s m , f o r t h e t r i u m p h o f t h e g r e a t i d e a l s o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m a l l o v e r t h e g l o b e . O u r P a r t y s p a r e s n o e f f o r t s i n t h e s t r u g g l e t o p r e v e n t a n e w w o r l d w a r , t o

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s t r e n g t h e n p e a c e a n d t h e s e c u r i t y o f t h e p e o p l e s . T h e C . P . S . U . a n d t h e S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t b y a l l m e a n s — e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l , a n d e v e n b y r e n d e r i n g a s s i s t a n c e i n a r m s — . s u p p o r t t h e n a t i o n a l - l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t . F a i t h ­f u l t o p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a l w a y s f o l l o w s t h e m i l i t a n t s l o g a n : " W o r k e r s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , u n i t e ! " T h e C . P . S . U . w o r k s t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y t o s t r e n g t h e n i t s i n f l u e n c e o n t h e e n t i r e c o u r s e o f h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e s u c c e s s e s o f c o m m u n i s t c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e S o v i e t U n i o n a r e a c o n t r i b u t i o n o f o u r p e o p l e t o t h e c a u s e o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g w o r l d s o c i a l i s m , r a i s i n g i t s a u t h o r i t y a n d f o r c e o f a t t r a c t i o n .

F o r i t s p a r t , t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a h a s c o n ­t i n u a l l y p o i n t e d o u t t h a t i t f i r m l y s t a n d s b y t h e p o s i t i o n s o f t h e D e c l a r a t i o n a n d t h e S t a t e m e n t a n d a d h e r e s t o t h e c o n c l u s i o n s a n d p r o p o s i t i o n s c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n , t h a t i t s m a i n a i m i s t o s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m , f o r t h e t r i u m p h o f s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m t h e w o r l d o v e r . T h e C . P . C . s t r e s s e s i t s a d h e r e n c e t o t h e p o l i c y o f p e a c e f u l c o e x i s t e n c e o f s t a t e s w i t h d i f f e r e n t s o c i a l s y s t e m s , a c k n o w l e d g e s t h e c o r r e c t n e s s o f t h e c o n c l u s i o n o f t h e S t a t e m e n t c o n c e r n i n g t h e p o s s i b i h t y o f p r e v e n t i n g a n e w w o r l d w a r . T h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f C h i n a r e c o g n i z e s t h a t t h e p r i n c i p l e o f p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m r e m a i n s t h e m a i n p r i n c i p l e g u i d i n g m u ­t u a l r e l a t i o n s a m o n g t h e C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s a n d t h e s o ­c i a l i s t c o u n t r i e s , a n d a f f i r m s i t s l o y a l t y t o t h e s l o g a n " W o r k e r s o f a l l c o u n t r i e s , u n i t e ! "

C o m m o n p o s i t i o n s o n s u c h c a r d i n a l q u e s t i o n s i s a g o o d b a s i s f o r i n c r e a s i n g c o h e s i o n a n d o v e r c o m i n g t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s t h a t h a v e a r i s e n . P r o v i d e d f i r m a d h e r e n c e t o t h e d o c u m e n t s o f t h e M o s c o w m e e t i n g s , t h e r e i s n o

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s u b s t a n t i a l r e a s o n f o r e x a c e r b a t i n g t h e e x i s t i n g d i f ­f e r e n c e s , b e c a u s e a c o r r e c t s o l u t i o n c a n b e f o u n d f o r t h e m .

O f c o u r s e , i t i s n o t e x c l u d e d t h a t d i f f e r e n t a p p r o a c h e s t o t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f c e r t a i n p r o b l e m s o f c u r r e n t w o r l d d e v e l o p m e n t c a n a n d d o e m e r g e i n t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e ­m e n t . T h i s c a n b e e x p l a i n e d b y t h e d i f f e r e n t c o n d i t i o n s i n w h i c h t h i s o r t h a t d e t a c h m e n t o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t i s w o r k i n g . B u t s u c h d i f f e r e n c e s i n o p i n i o n , i f n o t e x a g g e r a t e d a r t i f i c i a l l y , s h o u l d i n n o w a y r e s o l v e i n t o a d e e p c o n f l i c t ; t h e y c a n w e l l b e o v e r c o m e t h r o u g h j o i n t c o m r a d e l y c o n s u l t a t i o n s .

I n v i e w o f a l l t h a t , t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . c o n s i d e r s t h a t i t i s e s p e c i a l l y i m p o r t a n t t o t a k e i m m e d i a t e c o n c r e t e p r a c t i c a l s t e p s t o e n s u r e o u r u n i t y , t o i m p r o v e t h e c l i m a t e i n t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n a l l f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s . I t w a s t h e s e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s t h a t g u i d e d t h e F i r s t S e c r e t a r y o f t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . C o m r a d e N . S . K h r u s h c h e v w h e n s p e a k i n g a t t h e S i x t h C o n g r e s s o f t h e S o c i a l i s t U n i t y P a r t y o f G e r m a n y h e p r o p o s e d o n b e h a l f o f o u r P a r t y t h a t p o l e m i c s a m o n g C o m m u n i s t P a r t i e s b e d i s c o n t i n u e d a s w e l l a s c r i t i c i s m o f o t h e r P a r t i e s w i t h i n o n e ' s o w n P a r t y . A s k n o w n , t h i s p r o p o s a l f o u n d a w i d e r e s p o n s e a n d s u p p o r t i n t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

B y w r i t i n g t h i s l e t t e r t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . S . U . w a n t s t o m a k e a n e w s t e p t o w a r d s o v e r c o m i n g t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s t h a t h a v e a r i s e n . I n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f s t r e n g t h e n i n g o u r f r i e n d s h i p a n d b e t t e r m u t u a l u n d e r ­s t a n d i n g w e p r o p o s e t o t h e C e n t r a l C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C . P . C . t o h o l d a b i l a t e r a l m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d t h e C . P . C . C o n s i d e r i n g t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t h i s m e e t i n g , a n d t o b e m o r e s u r e o f a c h i e v i n g i t s a i m s , w e w o u l d r a t h e r h a v e t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d m e e t i n g h e l d

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a t a h i g h l e v e l . D u r i n g t h e t a l k s i t w o u l d b e p o s s i b l e t o t a k e u p p o i n t b y p o i n t a l l t h e m a j o r q u e s t i o n s o f i n t e r e s t t o b o t h P a r t i e s , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e r e l a t i n g t o t h e c o m m o n t a s k s o f o u r s t r u g g l e . A s t o t h e p r o b l e m s o n w h i c h d i f ­f e r e n t v i e w p o i n t s a c t u a l l y p r o v e t o e x i s t , a g r e e m e n t s h o u l d b e r e a c h e d o n m e a s u r e s t h a t w o u l d h e l p m a k e o u r p o s i t i o n s c l o s e r t o e a c h o t h e r . I f y o u a g r e e t o s u c h a m e e t i n g , t h e p l a c e a n d t i m e t o h o l d i t c o u l d b e s e t t l e d a d d i t i o n a l l y ,

A m e e t i n g o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d t h e C P . C , t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f w h i c h i s o b v i o u s t o e v e r y b o d y , w o u l d a l s o p l a y a n i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n p r e p a r i n g a c o n ­f e r e n c e o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s , i n c r e a t i n g t h e f a v o u r a b l e c l i m a t e w i t h o u t w h i c h i t c o u l d n o t w o r k s u c ­c e s s f u l l y .

T h e C . P . S . U . , l i k e m a n y o t h e r f r a t e r n a l P a r t i e s , h a s a d v o c a t e d a s i t d o e s n o w , t h e c o n v o c a t i o n o f t h e c o n ­f e r e n c e , c o n s i d e r i n g t h a t t h e r e a r e s e r i o u s e n o u g h g r o u n d s f o r t h a t . A s w e s e e i t , t h e a t t e n t i o n o f t h e c o n f e r e n c e s h o u l d b e c e n t r e d o n t h e c o m m o n t a s k s o f t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t i m p e r i a l i s m a n d i t s a g g r e s s i v e p l a n s , f o r t h e f u r ­t h e r a d v a n c e m e n t o f t h e l i b e r a t i o n m o v e m e n t o f t h e p e o ­p l e s , f o r t h e r a l l y i n g a n d a l l - r o u n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e w o r l d s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y a n d i n c r e a s i n g i t s i n f l u e n c e t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d , f o r s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e u n i t y o f t h e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

W e h a v e a l r e a d y s e t f o r t h o u r v i e w c o n c e r n i n g t h e n e e d t o c o n v e n e a c o n f e r e n c e i n o u r l e t t e r t o y o u o f M a y 3 1 , 1 9 6 2 , a n d c o n f i r m i t n o w a g a i n . I t i s o u r c o m m o n d u t y t o d o e v e r y t h i n g f o r t h e c o n f e r e n c e t o l e a d t o t h e f u r t h e r r a l l y i n g o f M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s a n d t o g r e a t e r u n i t y . W e a r e p r e p a r e d t o c a r e f u l l y s t u d y a n d s u p p o r t a n y i n i t i a t i v e a i m e d a t o v e r c o m i n g t h e e x i s t i n g d i f f i c u l -

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t i e s . T h e m a i n t h i n g n e e d e d n o w i s g o o d w i l l t o s e t t l e o n t h y b a s i s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n i s m , t h e p r o b l e m s t h a t

' h a v e a r i s e n , n o t t o p e r m i t a n y a c t i o n s t h a t c o u l d o b s t r u c t t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f o u r u n i t y .

D e a r C o m r a d e s , A l l M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t P a r t i e s a r e a w a r e t h a t a h i g h l y

i m p o r t a n t m o m e n t h a s a r r i v e d i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . U p o n u s , u p o n o u r P a r t i e s , u p o n t h e c o r r e c t n e s s o f o u r p o l i c y d e p e n d s w h e t h e r w e s h a l l c o n t i n u e m a r c h i n g f u r t h e r t o g e t h e r i n t h e s a m e r a n k s , o r s h a l l a l l o w o u r s e l v e s t o g e t i n v o l v e d i n a h a r d a n d n e e d l e s s s t r u g g l e w h i c h c o u l d o n l y l e a d t o m u t u a l e s t r a n g e m e n t , t o t h e w e a k e n i n g o f t h e f o r c e s o f s o c i a l i s m , a n d t o u n d e r m i n i n g t h e u n i t y o f t h e w o r l d c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

O n o u r P a r t i e s r e s t s t h e h i s t o r i c a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r e n a b l i n g t h e S o v i e t a n d C h i n e s e p e o p l e s t o l i v e l i k e b r o t h e r s . T h e u n i t y o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d t h e C . P . C . i s o f t r e m e n d o u s i m p o r t a n c e t o t h e s o c i a l i s t c o m m u n i t y a n d t o t h e e n t i r e c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t . F u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s w i l l n o t f o r g i v e u s i f i n t h e p r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n s i n w h i c h a c u t e s t r u g g l e i s g o i n g o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o s y s t e m s w e s h o u l d f a i l t o f i n d i n o u r s e l v e s t h e c o u r a g e a n d s t r e n g t h , u n d e r t h e g u i d a n c e o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f M a r x i s m - L e n i n -i s m a n d p r o l e t a r i a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m t o s u r m o u n t t h e e x i s t i n g d i f f e r e n c e s . H i s t o r y h a s p l a c e d o n t h e f i r s t d e ­t a c h m e n t s o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o v e m e n t , w h i c h h a v e d e ­l i v e r e d t h e i r c o u n t r i e s f r o m t h e y o k e o f c a p i t a l i s m , t h e g r e a t t a s k t o e s t a b l i s h a n d d e v e l o p r e l a t i o n s o f a n e w t y p e , b r o t h e r l y a n d f r i e n d l y r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n p e o p l e s , a n d t o s e t t h e e x a m p l e o f a f u t u r e s o c i a l i s t s o c i e t y f o r a l l m a n k i n d . O u r P a r t i e s a r e d u t y - b o u n d t o f i n d a w a y o u t u f t h e e x i s t i n g s i t u a t i o n a n d c o u r a g e o u s l y a n d r e s o l u t e l y

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s w e e p a w a y w h a t o b s t r u c t s o u r f r i e n d s h i p . T h i s i s t h e o n l y r o a d t h a i M a r x i s t - L e n i n i s t s c a n a n d m u s t t a k e .

W e a r e d e e p l y c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e o v e r c o m i n g o f t h e * d i f f e r e n c e s t h a t h a v e a r i s e n w o u l d a c c o r d n o t o n l y w i t h t h e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e C . P . S . U . a n d t h e C . P . C . b u t a l s o w i t h t h e b a s i c a i m s o f t h e c o m m o n s t r u g g l e o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t f o r p e a c e , n a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e , d e m o c r a c y a n d s o c i a l i s m . I t i s o n l y n e c e s s a r y t o d i s p l a y g o o d w i l l a n d p r o f o u n d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e a i m s a n d i n t e r e s t s o f o u r s t r u g g l e ; t h e n n o o b s t a c l e c a n p r e v e n t u s f r o m s t r e n g t h e n i n g a n d d e v e l o p i n g o u r f r i e n d s h i p a n d c o h e s i o n o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i s t m o v e m e n t .

W i t h c o m m u n i s t g r e e t i n g s ,

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Page 62: A PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE GENERAL LINE OF THE ... · a proposal concerning the general line of the international communist movement the letter of the central committee of the communist