a primer of project management

The Green Roundtable

Intro to Project Management for Sustainable Design and Construction

1-hour Webinar

and

Agenda

Part 1•Integrated Design Process•Introduction to LEED•What to Focus On•LEED ND-Planning•Sustainable Sites •Energy•Water

Part 2•Environmentally Preferable Products •Green Specs•Indoor Environmental Quality •Green Construction Practices•Cost evaluation tools•LEED O&M•LEED Version 3 •Project Management Tool & Exercise

Agenda

Part 1•Integrated Design Process•Introduction to LEED•Big Picture•LEED ND-Planning•Sustainable Sites •Energy (& IEQ)•Water


Big Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Indoor Environmental Quality(Unquantifiable)Daylight, Views, Nature, Art, Social Interaction, Function, etc)


Reduce,Reuse,Recycle.This includes Buildings!(consider other Lower-Impact Materials such as FSC Wood & Rapidly Renewable Materials)

Breakdown of Initial Embodied Energy by Typical Office Building Components Averaged over Wood, Steel, and Concrete Structures [Cole and Kernan, 1996]


Water-Efficient Fixtures, Appliances,Irrigation,Equipment.Also consider potential treatment and use of rainwater, greywater, & stormwater; utilize cisterns, raingardens, etc.

Typical Laboratory Water Use [EPA]


Location, Location, Location.and . . . reduced parking capacity,bike storage,fuel-efficient vehicles,power for plug-in hybrids,carpooling boardshuttles to public transportation,etc.


```Roughly Proportional to Carbon Footprint


CO2CO2

ELECTRICITY

NATURAL GAS


CO2CO2

ELECTRICITY

NATURAL GAS

Big Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s 2.28 : 1

Typical Emissions Factor for Electricity from Co-Gen : Typical Emissions Factor for Steam from Co-Gen

Note: should be higher for labs, doesn’t account for reduced plug/equipment loads, and isn’t based on actual performance

Note: doesn’t account for cooling tower make-up & lab process water

Note: consider comprehensive campus-wide measures


Note: doesn’t account for cooling tower make-up & lab process water

Note: consider comprehensive campus-wide measures

Pursue Innovation Credit for Comprehensive Transportation Management

Pursue Innovation Credit for Process Water Reduction

Labs21 Benchmark, CxA, M&V, Reporting, LEED O+M,& Pursue Innovation Credit for Equipment Efficiency

Note: should be higher for labs, doesn’t account for reduced plug/equipment loads, and isn’t based on actual performance


Energy & Atmosphere: Climate Assessment

MA = 5A

Climate Zones (ASHRAE 90.1):


Energy & Atmosphere: Climate Assessment

Temperature

Also:•Precipitation Wind Speed

Insolation

Thermal Comfort

Natural Ventilation Potential

Relative HumidityTemp. Insolation

Average day for each month

Jan 1st (1 day)


Climate Assessment

Micro-Climate:

• Topography• Soil Types• Vegetation• Bodies of Water• Built Environment & Hardscape

The factors above can all effect temperature,humidity, wind speed, solar heat gain, etc.


Climate-New England Characteristics

1. TemperatureMostly cool & cold

temperaturesHDD: 5786 (2009)Under-heated Period: (< 32 deg F)Keep heat in & cold temp OUT

during Winter

Summers are mild with short hot periods

CDD: 711 (2009)Over-heated Period: (>75 deg F)Protect from Summer sun


2. Sunshine Available more than 50% of the daylight hours, Solar Heating has a potential

Let the winter sun IN, and protect from the summer sun.

Climate-New England CharacteristicsBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

3. Relative Humidity:There are periods in Summer when RH is too high

Adds to discomfort


4. Wind Direction

Winter: North-Westerly &Westerly

Protect from cold Winter winds

Summer: Southerly

Use Natural Ventilation for Summer cooling


5. Wind Speed

Wind Potential

Wind speed for effective Natural Ventilation during Summer

Wind Energy potential


6. PrecipitationAverage above 40 inchesUniform throughout the year

(approx above 3 inches every month)

Rainwater collection and re-use

Storm-water retention


7. Ground TempWarm in Winter & Cool in SummerEarth as a heat sink

(Summer) and heat source (Winter)

Geothermal (Heat Pumps) potential

Earth-berm / Earth-sheltering potential


1. Internal Heat Gain

2. Passive Solar &

Daylighting

3. Natural Ventilation &

Natural Conditioning


Passive Strategies

1. Internal Heat Gain• Occupants

o Heat generation• Lighting & Equipment

o Essentially electric-resistance heato Optimize efficiency and reduce loads

Occupants Lighting Equipment(motors, appliances, etc)


Passive Strategies

Passive Strategies

2. Passive Solar & Daylighting - Passive Solar Heating


Passive Strategies

Building Orientation Tools

Optimal orientation (175 deg East of True North)Advantages: Max heat gain (winter) & Summer winds


Passive Strategies2. Passive Solar & Daylighting – Site Orientation

South façade is heated during winter months

Building Orientation ToolsBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Passive Strategies

2. Passive Solar & Daylighting – Site Orientation

Significant increase in insolation

Comparing orientations (insolation)

Azimuth: 175 Azimuth: 220

Building Orientation ToolsBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Passive Strategies2. Passive Solar & Daylighting – Site Orientation

Passive Strategies

Cut direct sun in Summer. Shading (>70F is desirable; >75F is a must)

Shading Characteristics:11:00AM, June to03:00PM, September

Horizontal Shading AngleVertical Shading Angle


Passive Strategies2. Passive Solar & Daylighting – Shading

Daylighting PenetrationBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Passive Strategies

2. Passive Solar & Daylighting – Shading

The use of sun control and shading devices is an important aspect of many energy-efficient building design strategies. Shading can be provided by natural landscaping awnings, overhangs, and trellises and light shelves


Passive Strategies2. Passive Solar & Daylighting – Shading

OpticalTvis

OpticalTvis

RadiometricU, SHGC

RadiometricU, SHGC

DaylightDaylight Heat GainHeat Gain

Daylight Penetration Elec savings Heat Generation

Heat Gain Direct & Diffused

Building Energy Simulation

DaylightingSimulation

Optimal Glazing PerformanceBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Passive Strategies2. Passive Solar & Daylighting –Glazing Optimization

Optimal Glazing Performance

Visible Transmittance (Tvis)Tvis indicates percentage of the visible portion of the solar spectrum that is transmitted through a given glass product.

SHGC indicates how much of the sun's energy striking the window is transmitted through the window as heat. As the SHGC increases, the solar gain potential through a given window increases.

Balance of heat & daylight penetration!



Site

Daylight FactorRatio of inside illuminance to outside illuminance

Direct Component (DC)Internally Reflected Component (IRC)Externally Reflected Component (ERC)

<2% Electric lighting needed2%~5% Good daylighting (possible glare?)>5% Glare & OverheatingIssues affecting daylighting1.Heat gain (in Summer)2.Glare (> 5% DF, >500 Footcandles)



Optimal Glazing PerformanceBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s



Passive Strategies2. Passive Solar & Daylighting –Interior Reflectivity

Passive Strategies

• Orient long-axis of building perpendicular to Summer winds

• Narrow floor-plates (45’ wide max)

• Each area to have min 2 operable windows, ideally facing different directions


Passive Strategies3. Natural Ventilation & Natural Conditioning

Passive Strategies

• Minimize internal obstructions• Consider fan-assisted (forced) strategies• Expanded comfort-zone in summer

*Mechanical ventilationmust still be provided for health



Passive Strategies

High Thermal Mass• Time-lag & damping effect in indoor temperature

Thermal mass:Exposed concrete floor



WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION

Demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance compared to the baseline building performance.

Optimize Energy PerformanceBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Energy Modeling

Materials and Resources

The quantity of energy required to manufacture, andsupply to the point of use including:

• Extraction • Transportation• Manufacturing• Transportation

• Assembly• Transportation • Installation• Some definitions also

include disassembly & removal


Embodied Energy

Embodied Energy

http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/yourhome/technical/fs31.htm


Embodied Energy

How Does Embodied Energy Compare With Annual Operating Energy?

Materials and Resources

http://www.cmmt.csiro.au/brochures/tech/embodied/index.cfm

For a typical office building:embodied energy = 10 to 30times the annual operating energy


Embodied Energy

For items to be reused in-place: For items to be removed: For items to be removed and reused:

•Existing structure (including structural floor and roof decking) and envelope (exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and non-structural roofing material).MRc1.1 & MRc1.2 (assuming addition is not >2x floor area of existing)•Existing window assemblies and non-structural roofing material.n/a•Existing Interior non-structural elements (interior walls, doors, floor coverings and ceiling systems).

MRc1.3 (assuming addition is not >2x floor area of existing)

•Hazardous waste.n/a•Excavated soil and land clearing debris.

n/a•Material recycled off-site.

MRc2 (numerator & denominator)

•Material landfilled.MRc2 (denominator)

•Material removed and reused on-site for a purpose similar to its original purpose (door reused as a door).

MRc2 (numerator & denominator)•Material removed and reused on-site for a new purpose (brick façade used as a brick patio, concrete foundation used as fill).

MRc2 (numerator & denominator),OR MRc3 (numerator & denominator),& in both cases MRc5 – (numerator & denominator)

•Material removed and reconditioned off-site and reused on-site.

MRc2 (numerator & denominator),OR MRc3 (numerator & denominator),& in both cases MRc5 – (numerator & denominator, assuming reconditioned within 500 miles)

MRc1 – Building Reuse, MRc2 – Construction Waste Management, MRc3 – Material Reuse, MRc5 – Regional Materials

Materials and ResourcesBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’sCredit 1, 2, 3, & 5 – How to count material found on-site?

Strategies: Locate all existing structural/nonstructural conditions, windows and doors. Include measurements to determine the surface area of all elements being reused.

Materials and ResourcesBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Materials and ResourcesCredit 1.1: Building Reuse – Existing walls, floors and roof.Credit 1.2: Building Reuse – Interior nonstructural elements. (count both finished sides for interior elements)

Strategies: Identify construction haulers and recyclers for designated materials. Obtain and retain verification records. Salvaged materials can be donated to charitable organizations, or sold to the community. On-site separation and comingling count for this credit.Documentation: Track and keep a summary of all construction waste generated by type, with the quantities of each type diverted from landfills, and the total percentage diverted. - The construction waste management plan should, at a minimum, identify goals, protocols, and parties responsible for implementing the plan.

Big Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’sMaterials and Resources Credit 2: Construction waste management

Material generated by end-users of the product

Post-Consumer vs. Pre-Consumer(Post-industrial) material diverted from the waste stream during the manufacturing process. Excluded are materials capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it.

Big Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’sMaterials and Resources Credit 4: Recycled Content

http://www.acscdg.com/

Make sure this is set to “Miles”

251 “as-the-crow-flies” miles

Materials and ResourcesCredit 5: Regional content

Big Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’sMaterials and Resources Credit 3, 4, 5, 7

Green SpecificationsBig Picture Energy (& IEQ) Environmental Products Green Spec’s

Agenda (For full presentation)

Part 1•Integrated Design Process•Introduction to LEED•LEED ND-Planning•Sustainable Sites •Energy•Water


Agenda for Full PM Training

Questions?

a primer of project management

Business

doesnt account

typical emissions factor

wind direction winter

climate assessmentma

green roundtable intro

cold winter windssummer

reduced plugequipment

effective natural ventilation