PowerPoint Presentation

POVERTYPresented by: Daniella Barrera, Glorie Anne Villeza, and Aimee Uygongco BS PSYCH 1 AND BS PSYCH 2

INTRODUCTIONWhat is poverty?CausesEffectsSolutionsUpdated statistics of poverty in the World, Asia and Philippines.

Glimpses of Poverty

Pyramid Model of Consumers

Poverty is:

Signs of PovertyThink about some of the signs that might alert you to the presence of poverty, whether in the Philippines or overseas and try to define poverty in a sentence.Insufficient foodInadequate nourishmentPoor housingInadequate clothingNo access to clean drinking waterPoor sanitationPoor educationPoor healthUnemploymentVulnerabilityLack of powerLow status

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What Is Poverty?Poverty - is general scarcity or the state of an individual who lacks an amount of material possessions or money.

Other definitions:Persons, families and groups of persons whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life in the Member State to which they belong.

What Is Poverty?Half the worlds population, about 3 billion, live on less than $2 per day.Malnutrition, lack of health care, substandard housing, and illiteracy breed desperation, disease and daily suffering.Poverty traps future generations in a vicious cycle without hope or opportunity

Indications of Poverty19% of Filipinos (15 million) are very poor, living on $1 (50 PhP) a day, i.e., PhP 1500 a month43 million Filipinos live on $2 (100 PhP) a day, i.e., PhP 3000 a month (World Bank, Phil. Daily Inquirer, April 17, 2007)1.4 million (20.3%) of the projected 6.7 million Filipino rural household families and 1.6 million (14.8%) of the projected 10.6 million urban households experienced unwanted hunger at least once in the past 3 months (SWS Survey, Sept 24-Oct 2, 2006)

Indications of Poverty608,370 houses needed to answer the housing problem of the nationUnemployment rate: 8.2 % (NSO, April 2006)Underemployment rate: 17-22%; roughly 1 out of 5 workers want additional hours of work (DOLE, April 2006)977,552 total number of OFWs deployed in 2005.

What Is Poverty?The term poorest orvery poor refers to people living on less than $1 per day or in the bottom half of those living below theirnations poverty line.

The term poor means those living in poverty above $1 per day or in the upper half of those living below theirnations poverty line.

What Is Poverty?But definitions change with time, but this is now the most commonly used definition of poverty in the industrialised world.

It recognises that poverty is not just about income but about the effective exclusion of people living in poverty from ordinary living patterns, customs and activities.

What Is Poverty?Absolute Poverty: A situation where individuals do not have access to the basic requirements of life food, shelter, clothing.Relative Poverty: A situation where individuals are excluded from being able to take part in what are considered the normal, acceptable standards of living in a society.

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How is Poverty Measured?Absolute poverty is measured by comparing a persons total income against the total cost of a specific basket of essential goods and services. People with inadequate income to purchase this basket of items are considered to be living in absolute poverty.

Relative poverty compares a persons total income and spending patterns with those of the general population. People with lower income who spend a larger portion of their income on a basket of goods and services, compared with a threshold typical of the general population, are considered to be living in relative poverty.

The World Bank defines absolute (or extreme) poverty as living on below US$1 a day, and moderate poverty as living on US$1 - US$2 a day. Based on these figures, half the worlds population about three billion people - are considered poor, with one in six living in extreme poverty.

Poverty StatisticsAlmost 30,000 children under the age of five die every day from malnutrition and preventable diseases. Thats one kindergarten class every minute.Approximately 790 million people in the developing world are chronically undernourished. Thats the equivalent of every single person in both North andSouth America going hungry every day.Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or sign their names.

There is enough in the world to supply the needs of every person, so why does poverty exist?Why do YOU think poverty exists?

Causes of Poverty

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Causes of PovertyPoverty is caused by a huge number of factors, often affecting those who are already the poorest and most vulnerable. This happens to individuals and to social groups; It happens nationally and internationally.

FACTORS: Income distribution/ InequalityLack of quality educationLack of JobsCorruptionNatural CalamitiesOver Population

Effects of PovertyMalnutritionPoor Economic growthChild LaborBad living conditionsCrime/ Theft

Poverty is complex; many aspects are interconnected. Some of its causes and effects make a cycle:

Poor farming methodsPoor educationHealth careLow paid job/ no jobFoodHousingEducationLess money for:ErosionPoor cropLess to sell

HungerPoverty

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Effects of PovertyOn the SocietyOn the Children

On the SocietyIn the end, poverty is a major cause of social tensions and threatens to divide a nation because of the issue of inequalities, in particular income inequality. This happens when wealth in a country is poorly distributed among its citizens. In other words, when a tiny minority has all the money.

On the SocietyThe feature of a rich or developed country for example is the presence of a middle class, but recently we've seen even Western countries gradually losing their middle class, hence the increasing number of riots and clashes.

On the SocietyIn a society, poverty is a very dangerous factor that can destabilize and entire country. The Arab Spring is another good example, in all of the countries concerned, the revolts started because of the lack of jobs and high poverty levels. This has led to most governments being overthrown).

On the Children/Powerless VictimsEver since the 1960s, the share of children affected by poverty has only got bigger and bigger. Children are those who have the least choice and ability to change what happens to them. There isnt much they can do to help their families, nor should they have to. Until they can stand firmly on their two legs, usually by the age of 6, then they can be enrolled in child labor.

On the Children/Powerless VictimsNearly all possible effects of poverty have an impact on children lives. Poor infrastructures, unemployment, lack of basic services and income reflect on their lack of education, malnutrition, violence at home and outside, child labor, diseases of all kinds, transmitted by the family or through the environment.

Family Stress

marital difficulty maternal depressionEconomic stresses housing instability lower school quality poor health care risky neighborhoodsEmotional stresses social isolation parental stress substance abuse risk legal problems

Parenting Quality

low investment low nurturance / involvement greater punitiveness

Child Functioning Neurocognitive development Stress neurobiology Poorer cognitive growth & educational attainment Behavioral and emotional problems Poorer health outcomes Poorer adult employment & incomeRelational Influences

Security of attachment Stress buffering support Parent-child discourseConsequences of Poverty for Children

The economic stresses associated with poverty have been found to have multifaceted consequences for childrens functioning. WE HAVE SEEN THE EVIDENCE FOR POORER COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, AND FUTURE ADULT WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION. We will consider other consequences of poverty for children in a moment.

Emotional stresses as a component of family stressMediated by parenting quality FAMILY STRESS MODEL of Rand Conger and Kathi Conger of the UCD facultyMediated by relational influences -- these are the ones we study in my lab

RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE HAS SHOWN HOW INFLUENTIAL ARE THESE STRESSES FOR BRAIN DEVELOPMENT . . .25

Nelson MandelaOvercoming poverty is not a gesture of charity. It is an act of justice. Poverty is not natural; it is man-made and can be eradicated by the actions of human beings.

SolutionsPoverty Alleviation in the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Problems and Initiatives in the Philippines according to OIC-Director Cleofe S. Pastrana National Economic and Development Authority.

In September 2000, 189 member states of the United Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration

The Millennium Declaration confirmed the commitment of member states of the United Nations to peace and security, respect for human rights, good governance and human development

The Millennium Declaration also committed the member states of the United Nations to achieve quantifiable development goals and targets (the MDGs) until 2015 (15 years) that will at least ensure that development initiatives are effectively eradicating poverty and promoting sustainable human development

Millennium Declaration

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The MDGs are inter-related1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger2. Achieve universal primary education3. Promote gender equality & empower women 4. Reduce child mortality5. Improve maternal health6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases7. Ensure environmental sustainability8. Develop a global partnership for development

Working towards achieving one Goal will make us closer to achievement of the rest & would reduce costs of achieving others, Eveline Herfkens.

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The MDGs are Owned by AllMDGs are not just the national governments commitment to UN or the world; most important: they are their commitments to their own peopleThe MDGs are our own development challenges for some decades, now gaining a new opportunity from global and national momentum of solidarityThe Goals are global in their scope, but targets and indicators can be tailor-made to shorter time scales, higher targets & local circumstances. The MDGs are national commitments, but their achievements (or failures) are at the local levelMDGs ownership by local governments, by the business/private sector such as NGOs/Pos/civil society plays a vital role and can make a huge difference in the national and global achievements of MDGs

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Cross-cutting Challenges And Priorities For ActionReduce disparities across regions

Increase resource allocation for MDG-related programs and projects

Enforce full/stricter implementation of laws & ensure passage of MDG-supportive bills

Strengthen monitoring and implementation

Scale-up campaign for localization

Develop an advocacy plan

Intensify multisectoral partnership & collaboration

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MDGsIntensifying Multisectoral Partnership And CollaborationGovernment (executive, legislature, judicial)Local GovernmentCSOs,AcademeLocal GovernmentPrivate/BusinessDonor Community

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Updated Statistics of Poverty (WORLD, ASIA, and PHILIPPINES)There are two standard methods of measuring the wealth of countries and how rich or poor its inhabitants are. The measure most often used is Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which represents the size of a countrys economy. A refinement of this is per-capita GDP, which is a measure of the average welfare and affluence, or poverty, of residents of a country. However, GDP and per-capita GDP are less useful when comparing economies across national boundaries which one must do to determine the poorest countries in the world because GDP is expressed in a countrys local currency.

Updated Statistics of Poverty (WORLD, ASIA, and PHILIPPINES)Congo KinshasaZimbabweBurundiLiberiaEritreaCentral African RepublicNigeriaMalawiMadagascarAfghanistanMaliTogoGuineaEthiopiaMozambiqueGuinea-BissauComorosSouth SudanNepalHaiti

THE TOP 20 POOREST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

Updated Statistics of Poverty (WORLD, ASIA, and PHILIPPINES)Asia is the Largest Continent in the World with 17 million Square Miles of land and most Populous with 3.8 Billion peoples. The Region has 48 Countries including Powerful Countries such as India, China, Russia, and South Korea. The region is home to many Poorest and Richest Countries, and most of the poorest countries income depending on Agriculture and small trading systems. Afghanistan is the Poorest Country in Asia with 1,300 dollar per Capita. Indian and China are the Developing Countries, the economy from various Sectors such as Agriculture to Modern Technology.

Updated Statistics of Poverty (WORLD, ASIA, and PHILIPPINES)AfghanistanNepalBurmaBangladeshNorth KoreaTajikistanCambodiaKyrgyzstanLaosPakistanTimor-LesteUzbekistanVietnamIndiaPhilippinesMongoliaIndonesiaGeorgiaSri LankaBhutan

THE TOP 20 POOREST COUNTRIES IN ASIA

Updated Statistics of Poverty (WORLD, ASIA, and PHILIPPINES)Despite the government's efforts to improve the lives of Filipinos in the countryside, in the first 6 months of 2012 there were 15 provinces & 1 city that have over 40% of their population living below the poverty threshold.The 1st Semester 2012 Poverty Statistics released by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) on Tuesday, April 23, showed that most of the poorest provinces are located in Mindanao while the least poor were located mainly in Luzon.

Updated Statistics of Poverty (WORLD, ASIA, and PHILIPPINES)The regions with the lowest poverty incidence in the first semester of 2006, 2009, and 2012 continue to be the National Capital Region, Calabarzon, and Central Luzon. As of the first semester 2012, ARMM (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) consistently figured in the bottom poorest cluster of the regions with a poverty incidence among families between 42% and 47% in the first semesters of 2006, 2009, and 2012

Updated Statistics of Poverty (WORLD, ASIA, and PHILIPPINES)Lanao del Sur - 68.9%Apayao - 59.8%Eastern Samar - 59.4%Maguindanao - 57.8%Zamboanga del Norte - 50.3%Davao Oriental - 48%Ifugao - 47.5%Sarangani - 46.5%Negros Oriental - 45.3%Masbate - 44.2%North Cotabato - 43.9%Northern Samar - 43.7%Bukidnon - 43.3%Lanao del Norte - 42.5%Sultan Kudarat - 41.6%

The 15 poorest provinces in the Philippines in the first 6 months of 2012 were:

ConclusionsEconomic growth did not translate into poverty reduction in recent years;Poverty levels vary greatly by regions;Poverty remains a mainly rural phenomenon though urban poverty is on the rise;Poverty levels are strongly linked to educational attainment;The poor have large families, with six or more members;Many Filipino households remain vulnerable to shocks and risks;Governance and institutional constraints remain in the poverty response;There is weak local government capacity for implementing poverty reduction programs;Deficient targeting in various poverty programs;There are serious resource gaps for poverty reduction and the attainment of the MDGs by 2015;Multidimensional responses to poverty reduction are needed; andFurther research on chronic poverty is needed.