A PLAN TO REBUILD AND TO

UNITE

Problems Facing Post Civil

War America

• Political re-entry of formerly rebellious

states

• Economic & Physical devastation of the

South

• Education and support of freedmen (former

slaves)

• Second Inaugural Address– Sought not to blame, but rather heal

– “With Malice toward none, with charity for all…”

• Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Plan (aka 10% Plan)– Pardon all Confederates who took loyalty oath

• Exceptions

– If 10% of voters took the oath, statehood would be re-established

– Major goals: heal, strengthen Republican Party in the South

– AR, LA, TN, VA accepted under these terms

Lincoln’s Plan – Dec. 1863

Results of Lincoln’s Death

• After Lincoln was assassinated by confederate John Wilkes Booth, Andrew Johnson became president.

• Johnson (new President) believed that “White men alone must manage the South.”

• The Black Codes designed to provide cheap labor for White Southerners.

• Freedmen’s Bureau opened and offered schools, health care, and assistance for black children.

John Wilkes Booth

Lucy Lambert Hale,

Booth’s Fiance

David Edgar

HeroldGeorge Andreas Atzerodt Lewis Thornton Powell

John SurrattMary Surratt

Henry Rathbone

An artist's depiction of Lewis Powell's attempted

assassination of William H. Seward. Seward's

son Frederick W. Seward attempted to intercept

Powell, but Secretary of State Seward himself

was bedridden from a recent accident and wore

a neck brace.

was

Samuel Mudd

• AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TX could be readmitted if– Declared secession illegal

– Swore allegiance to the Union

– Ratified the 13th Amendment

– Excluded confederate leaders and wealthy Southern landowners to take oath without presidential permission to break their power.

• Pardoned 13,000 Confederates

• Felt Blacks should not gain right to vote

• Some Southern States did not fully comply (ie. MS, TX) and still allowed back.

• Viewed as too soft on the South by Radical Republicans, liked by many Southerners (states rights!!!)

Johnson’s Plan – Presidential

Reconstruction – May 1865

Reconstruction Amendments

• 13- declared that "Neither slavery nor

involuntary servitude, except as a punishment

for crime whereof the party shall have been duly

convicted, shall exist within the United States, or

any place subject to their jurisdiction."

• 14- granted citizenship to “all persons born or

naturalized in the United States,” which included

former slaves recently freed.

• 15- granted African American men the right to

vote

North vs. South

Beliefs

North

• South’s fault because they started the war

• South was guilty for killing North soldiers

• South should repay the North for cost of war

• South did not have right to force slavery

South

• Slaves were property

• North should mind their own business

• Now the South is being watched over military rule

• Created vigilante groups such as the KKK.

First Reconstruction Act

• Divided Confederacy into 5 military

districts.

• Former Confederates were not allowed to

vote or hold office.• Radical governments formed in Southern states composed of

blacks, northern carpetbaggers, and Southern scalawags

• Carpetbaggers = People from North who took advantage of people from South.

• Scalawags = people from South who cooperated with the North & took advantage of the South

Time for a New President

Johnson Impeached

• Congress voted to impeach Johnson for

“high crimes and misdemeanors.”

• By margin of 1 vote, he was not convicted.

• Johnson finished out his term.

• Grant became president and inherited

many problems.

• Grant started attacking vigilante groups.

• Helped Seward purchase Alaska.

IMPEACHED

Almost Impeached

Hayes becomes President

• Before Hayes could be elected, he had to

compromise.

• Compromise of 1877

– Democrats would not block vote of Hayes if:

• He would remove troops from South

• Name Southerner to the Cabinet

• Approve federal money to rebuild South

• Hayes took oath in secret

Hayes becomes President

• Hayes intended for his Inaugural Address to

soothe the wounds of a nation still scarred from

the Civil War.

• With the phrase: "forever wipe out in our political

affairs the color line and the distinction between

North and South, to the end that we may have

not merely a united North or a united South, but

a united country..."

• Hayes signaled the end of the Reconstruction

Era