a perspective from the voluntary carbon market: supporting project-level pes & redd+ initiatives
TRANSCRIPT
Plan Vivo Standard
A perspective from the voluntary carbon market: supporting project-level PES & REDD+ initiatives
Chris Stephenson | “Engaging men & women in REDD+ business” | Paris, 4 December 2015
Longest-standing voluntary carbon standard in LUF sector (Pilot PES project in Chiapas, Mexico: 1994-97)
Foundation established in 2008 in Edinburgh Tens of thousands of participants organised into a
various community group structures Flexible, transparent, equitable benefit sharing,
low transaction costsBoard of Trustees (10)
PV Secretariat (4)
Technical Committee (6)
Technical Advisory Group (40)
StakeholderGroup
Plan Vivo Standard
Chris Stephenson | “Engaging men & women in REDD+ business” | Paris, 4 December 2015
Source: Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace, State of Forest Carbon Finance 2015.
Summary of Forest Carbon Finance, 2014
Chris Stephenson | “Engaging men & women in REDD+ business” | Paris, 4 December 2015
Source: Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace, State of Forest Carbon Finance 2015.
Latest trends in FCF
Forest sector: 12% total GHG emissions 2000-2009 (IPCC, 2014)
A core element of ‘REDD+’ is to generate an adequate funding stream to mitigate the opportunity costs of forest conservation $12.5 - 60 Billion annually (Morris and Stevens, 2011 /
Angelsen, 2013)
Up to $8.7 Billion in public & private sector funding for REDD+ (2006-2014)
Private sector finance (incl. compliance & voluntary markets) has largely failed to materialise… so far !
Broad agreement on need for global agreement. Debate continues around bottom up vs top down approaches, or “polycentric” vs centralised governance (Sunderlin et al., 2015)
The size of the REDD+ Challenge
• COMPLIANCE MARKETS• California, China, S. Korea, S. Africa
• AVIATION NEGOTIATIONS: • ICAO plans to cap emissions at 2020 levels.
• THE NEW YORK DECLARATION ON FORESTS: • Private sector signatories committed to reduce deforestation - supply chains.
• INTERNAL CARBON PRICING: • Companies that internally price carbon are 5x more likely to offset.
• NEW PUBLIC & PRIVATE FINANCING MECHANISMS: • Reducing risk of environmental investments: GCF, private funds, green bonds, etc.
Summaries & stimulating demand for REDD+
FFI, GCP, IPAM (2014) bit.ly/REDDbluebook
W. Sunderlin, A. Duchelle, et al. (2015)
bit.ly/REDDcriticaljuncture
>50 projects operational or under development in over 30 countries 2 million Plan Vivo Certificates issued to date Est. $9 million channelled to rural communities so far
Khasi Hills, IndiaMikoko Pamoja, Kenya
Yaeda Valley, Tanzania
Bujang Raba, Jambi, Indonesia
Plan Vivo project impacts
CFES Programme: W. Kalimantan / Jambi, Indonesia
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REDD+ as a Tanzanian model for strengthening community land rights and improving livelihoodsYaeda Valley, Mbulu District, Northern Tanzania
Network organization – benefits working in partnerships
Land use planning
Partnershipforum
Technical support
Global policy and OD
Strengthening community land rights - Certificate of customary
right of occupancy (CCRO)
Current R
EDD project area 20,011ha
Extension 2015 13,200ha
Private capital based on past sales of forest based offsets and
results – not a study of what might be possible
low income people – 1-5usd/dayTarget
ObjectivesCreate employmentLong-term economic security
Means Capitalize early stage enterprises
Impact Social - environmental - Financial
Metrics
EmploymentPeople reachedProfitabilityPayment of TaxesPolicy engagement
Contracting and Revenue
The Hadzabe communities and Carbon Tanzania signed a legal contract in 2012 based on the communities adhering to the village’s own by-laws for managing the area under the CCRO and CT providing revenue
Results based payments are based on activity based monitoring of the CCRO by community scouts. Patrolling is continuous, reporting on a monthly basis. Payments to community scouts using M-Pesa (digital money) are made based on reports being provided.
Twice a year (May – Nov??) participatory community meetings are held to allow Carbon Tanzania to inform everyone how much income there is based on the sale of forest based offsets. Payments can also be adjusted based on the results of activity based monitoring.
Communities determine how the income should be used and shared this is decided on with key government personnel and community members in order to ensure transparency.
Sharing revenue – how does it work
Men
Women
Village / wardGovernment
Carbon Tanzania
Roles and responsibilitiesConflicts?Concerns?Sales of forest offsetsPercentage of totalExpenditureRevenue
Observation of the process
ConflictsConcernsNeeds
Minutes of meetings signed by all community members and outlines percentage of revenue into bank accounts sent to Carbon Tanzania
Revenue 2011-2015 – the ‘general’ pattern
USD 95,000Tshs 192,000,000
Direct monthly payments Through M-Pesa
Direct to the hospital as an insurance fundVaries considerably due to governanceexpectations
Administration of CCRO by-laws
These companies are leading the way…
