PetroleumA Notes

What is Petroleum?

Petroleum – to build or burn?

We use petroleum everyday for everything. Petroleum is non-renewable. If you had to choose would you rather use petroleum to build things or to run things? Talk with your partner and be ready to explain your answer.

Petroleum Use

The average American uses about 3 gallons of petroleum per day, most is burned as fuel or energy. It is also used to build plastics, fabrics, synthetics, as well as many other things.

It is expected that in roughly 70 years oil production will be as much as in 1910!!!! because of depleted reserves

Trade Agreements - agreements between countries to trade for oil

import - buying foreign oil and shipping it to the US

export - selling locally made goods and shipping it out of the US

Where does petroleum come from?

What is Petro?

Mixture containing hundreds of molecular compounds can be chemically linked or modified to produce a

variety of useful materials rich in energy that is released when the molecules

undergo combustion

Crude Oil - greenish brown to black liquid that can be thin like water or thick like syrup, found underground and pumped to the surface. It is transported by pipeline, tankers, and barges to refineries

What is Petroleum

Refinery - where crude oil is separated into simpler mixtures

Hydrocarbons - substances that remain in the crude oil after separation in the refinery, they are separated by distillation into groups that have similar boiling points

Distillation

Petroleum Refining

Fractions - mixtures of hydrocarbons that are separated together during the distillation process

Distillation - crude oil is heated to 750 degrees F, and then cooled in 100ft towers separating into different fractions

Distillates - the condensed liquids collected during distillation

Viscosity - the resistance to flow (high = honey, low = water)

Petroleum Molecules

Organic Chemistry - studies molecules with carbon in it

Carbon Chain - a molecular backbone of carbons bonded to other carbons

Ionic Bond - electrons are transferred, bond between a metal and non-metal

Covalent bond - electrons are shared, bond between two non-metals ex. methane

Formulas

Electron Dot formula – dots ex. CH4

Structural formula – lines ex. CH4

Molecular formula

ex C3H8

Condensed Formula ex CH3CH2CH3

Alkanes

Alkanes - each carbon forms a covalent bond with four other atoms classified as saturated alkanes because

each available electron is bonded to another atom.

They have the basic formula (CnH2n+2)

Alkane Chart

Isomer

Isomer - Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms ex C5H12