A New CultureA New Culture

Bellwork 9/27/10Bellwork 9/27/10Only one tank of gas was used on this here Only one tank of gas was used on this here trip however we used 2 quarts of oil said trip however we used 2 quarts of oil said

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The Revolt Against ReasonThe Revolt Against Reason

Romanticism- Shaped western literature and Romanticism- Shaped western literature and arts.arts.

Romantic writers artists, and composers Romantic writers artists, and composers rebelled against the Enlightenments emphasis rebelled against the Enlightenments emphasis on reason.on reason.

Using new verse forms, bold colors, or the Using new verse forms, bold colors, or the swelling sounds of the orchestra, romantics swelling sounds of the orchestra, romantics sought to excite strong emotions.sought to excite strong emotions.

The Romantic HeroThe Romantic Hero Lord Byron became a larger than life figure equal to Lord Byron became a larger than life figure equal to

those he created. When he died of fever his legend those he created. When he died of fever his legend bloomed. His hero later, came to be described as bloomed. His hero later, came to be described as “Byronic.”“Byronic.”

Germany’s greatest writer Johann Wolfgang von Germany’s greatest writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe recast an old legend into the dramatic poem Goethe recast an old legend into the dramatic poem FaustFaust..

Sir Walter Scott’s novels and ballads evoked the Sir Walter Scott’s novels and ballads evoked the turbulent history of Scottish clans or medieval knights.turbulent history of Scottish clans or medieval knights.

Alexander Dumas and Victor Hugo recreated France’s Alexander Dumas and Victor Hugo recreated France’s past in novels past in novels The Three Musketeers The Three Musketeers and and The The Hunchback of Notre Dame.Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Romanticism in ArtRomanticism in Art

Painters, too, broke free form the discipline Painters, too, broke free form the discipline and strict rules of the Enlightenment. and strict rules of the Enlightenment.

John Constable sought to capture the beauty John Constable sought to capture the beauty and power of nature. and power of nature.

J.M.W. Turner showed tiny human figures J.M.W. Turner showed tiny human figures struggling against sea and storm in his struggling against sea and storm in his beautiful landscape paintings.beautiful landscape paintings.

French painter Eugene Delacroix filled his French painter Eugene Delacroix filled his canvases with dramatic action.canvases with dramatic action.

Music of the RomanticsMusic of the Romantics Romantic composers also sought to inspire deep Romantic composers also sought to inspire deep

emotions.emotions. Hungarian piano player Franz Liszt moved audiences to Hungarian piano player Franz Liszt moved audiences to

laugh or weep at the passion of his playing.laugh or weep at the passion of his playing. Frederic Chopin in his piano works he used Polish Frederic Chopin in his piano works he used Polish

peasant dances to convey the sorrows and joys of peasant dances to convey the sorrows and joys of people living under foreign occupation.people living under foreign occupation.

The orchestra as we know it today took shape in the The orchestra as we know it today took shape in the early 1800s. The first composer to take full advantage early 1800s. The first composer to take full advantage of the broad range of instruments was a genius who of the broad range of instruments was a genius who shared many traits of the romantic hero shared many traits of the romantic hero Ludwig van Ludwig van Beethoven.Beethoven.

A Tortured Musical GeniusA Tortured Musical Genius It was Ferdinand Ries who brought the bad news to It was Ferdinand Ries who brought the bad news to

Beethoven that Napoleon Bonaparte had declared himself Beethoven that Napoleon Bonaparte had declared himself emperor of France. Ries later recalled Beethoven’s reaction.emperor of France. Ries later recalled Beethoven’s reaction.

““He broke into a rage and cried, ‘So he is no more than a He broke into a rage and cried, ‘So he is no more than a common mortal! And from now on he will trample on the common mortal! And from now on he will trample on the rights of man and further only his own ambition. And from rights of man and further only his own ambition. And from now on he will consider himself superior to everybody and now on he will consider himself superior to everybody and become a tyrant!’ Beethoven went to the table, snatched the become a tyrant!’ Beethoven went to the table, snatched the title page of the manuscript, tore it in half and threw it on title page of the manuscript, tore it in half and threw it on the floor.”the floor.”

He seen Napoleon as the heroic defender of “the rights of He seen Napoleon as the heroic defender of “the rights of man.” Until, he became ruler of France. Beethoven changed man.” Until, he became ruler of France. Beethoven changed the title of his Bonaparte Symphony which was about the title of his Bonaparte Symphony which was about Napoleon to Napoleon to EroicaEroica, or “Heroic.”, or “Heroic.”

A Fiery TalentA Fiery Talent

Beethoven’s life spanned the revolutionary Beethoven’s life spanned the revolutionary era, form 1770 to 1827. His Symphonies era, form 1770 to 1827. His Symphonies combined classical forms with the stirring combined classical forms with the stirring range of sound favored by the romantics. He range of sound favored by the romantics. He wrote from the heart, conveying intense wrote from the heart, conveying intense emotional struggle.emotional struggle.

Triumph and TragedyTriumph and Tragedy After After Eroica, Eroica, Beethoven went from masterpiece to Beethoven went from masterpiece to

masterpiece. In all, he produced nine symphonies, and masterpiece. In all, he produced nine symphonies, and opera, and dozens of shorter pieces. opera, and dozens of shorter pieces.

1798 he began to lose his hearing which is probably the 1798 he began to lose his hearing which is probably the greatest tragedy a musician can face. Advancing deafness greatest tragedy a musician can face. Advancing deafness sparked outbursts of rage and depression. He alienated sparked outbursts of rage and depression. He alienated friends, lived in a messy house, and once looked so ragged friends, lived in a messy house, and once looked so ragged that he was arrested as a tramp. that he was arrested as a tramp.

Late in life, he became totally deaf. Still, he continued to Late in life, he became totally deaf. Still, he continued to compose and conduct music that he himself would hear only compose and conduct music that he himself would hear only in his mind.in his mind.

More than 20,000 admirers marched at Beethoven’s funeral More than 20,000 admirers marched at Beethoven’s funeral in 1827.in 1827.

The Call to RealismThe Call to Realism

1800s, a new artistic movement, realism, took 1800s, a new artistic movement, realism, took hold in the West. hold in the West.

Realism- an attempt to represent the world as it Realism- an attempt to represent the world as it was, without the sentiment associated with was, without the sentiment associated with romanticism.romanticism.

Charles Dickens portrayed the lives of slum Charles Dickens portrayed the lives of slum dwellers and factory workers, including children dwellers and factory workers, including children in his novel in his novel Oliver TwistOliver Twist..

HHe told the story of nine year-old orphan raised in e told the story of nine year-old orphan raised in a grim poor house.a grim poor house.

DramaDrama

Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen Brought Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen Brought realism to the stage. His plays attacked the realism to the stage. His plays attacked the hypocrisy he saw around him.hypocrisy he saw around him.

His realistic dramas had a wide influence in His realistic dramas had a wide influence in Europe and the United States.Europe and the United States.

Realism in art- Painters also represented the Realism in art- Painters also represented the realities of their time. Gustave Courbet painted realities of their time. Gustave Courbet painted works such as works such as The Stone BreakersThe Stone Breakers, which show , which show two rough laborers on a country road.two rough laborers on a country road.

Women Writers Win RecognitionWomen Writers Win Recognition

By mid-1800s, a growing number of women were getting By mid-1800s, a growing number of women were getting their works into print.their works into print.

Charlotte Bronte’s novel Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane EyreJane Eyre follows the sufferings follows the sufferings of an orphaned governess and her love for Mr. Rochester, of an orphaned governess and her love for Mr. Rochester, a brooding, Byronic hero.a brooding, Byronic hero.

Emily Bronte wrote Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering HeightsWuthering Heights a dramatic story a dramatic story of doomed love against the back drop of the stormy of doomed love against the back drop of the stormy Yorkshire moors.Yorkshire moors.

Aurore Dupin dudevant published a highly successful Aurore Dupin dudevant published a highly successful novel, Indiana , soon critics ranked her among the finest novel, Indiana , soon critics ranked her among the finest French writers.French writers.

Women WritersWomen Writers

U.S. Harriet Beecher Stowe created a U.S. Harriet Beecher Stowe created a sensation sensation Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Uncle Tom’s Cabin. It depicted lives It depicted lives of plantation slaves and helped mold of plantation slaves and helped mold antislavery opinion.antislavery opinion.

Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel The Awakening, showed a wife rebelling against her restricted showed a wife rebelling against her restricted life. Her work was not appreciated till the life. Her work was not appreciated till the 1960’s.1960’s.

New Directions in the Visual ArtsNew Directions in the Visual Arts

1840s an new art form, photography, was emerging. 1840s an new art form, photography, was emerging. Louis Daguerre in France and William Fox Talbot in Louis Daguerre in France and William Fox Talbot in

England had improved on earlier technologies to England had improved on earlier technologies to produce successful photographs. produce successful photographs.

Photography was used to capture the conditions and Photography was used to capture the conditions and other social ills during this time.other social ills during this time.

Impressionism- School of painting of the late 1800s Impressionism- School of painting of the late 1800s and early 1900s that tried to capture fleeting visual and early 1900s that tried to capture fleeting visual imprssions.imprssions.