a lysa phase ib study of tazemetostat (epz-6438) …...epi-r-chop 1 a lysa phase ib study of...
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Epi-R-CHOP
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A LYSA Phase Ib Study of tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) plus R-CHOP in newly diagnosed Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with poor
prognosis features Clémentine Sarkozy1, Franck Morschhauser2, Sydney Dubois3, Thierry Molina4, Jean Marie Michot5,
Peggy Cullières-Dartigues6, Benjamin Suttle7, Lionel Karlin8, Steven Le Gouill9, Jean-Michel Picquenot10, Romain Dubois11, Hervé Tilly3, Charles Herbaux2, Fabrice Jardin3, Gilles Salles1,8, and
Vincent Ribrag5
1- INSERM 1052, Charles Mérieux Lyon-1 Faculty, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France; 2- Department of
Haematology, U1245 Centre Hospitalier RU de Lille, France; 3- Department of Haematology, U918 Centre Henri
Becquerel, Rouen, France; 4- Pathology Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris, APHP,
France; 5- Department of Haematology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1170, Villejuif,
France; 6- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1170, Villejuif, France;
7- qPharmetra, Raleigh, NC USA.; 8- Department of Haematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier
Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite cedex; 9- Department of Haematology, CHU Nantes, France; 10- Department of
Pathology, U918 Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; 11- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier RU
de Lille, France
Running title: Phase Ib Study of tazemetostat plus R-CHOP in DLBCL
Corresponding author: Dr V. Ribrag : [email protected], Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant 94800, Villejuif, France Body of the manuscript: 3734 Table: 4, Figure: 3 References: 31 Authors individual contributions: CS and VR designed the clinical trial and wrote the manuscript. TM, JMP, PD and RD performed central pathology review. BS performed pharmacokinetics analysis. FM, SD, LK, SLG, HT, CH, FJ, GS, CS and VR included patients in the study. All the authors reviewed the manuscript. Conflict of interest:
Charles Herbaux: Honoraria Abbvie, Janssen, Gilead, Takeda, Roche.
Gilles Salles has received financial compensations for participating to advisory boards or
consulting from :Abbvie, Autolus, Celgene, Gilead, Epizyme, Janssen, Karyopharm, Kite, Merck,
Morphosys, Novartis, Roche, Servier, Takeda. For participation du educational events from :
Abbvie, Amgen, Celgene, Gilead, Janssen, Kite, Morphosys, Novartis, Roche, Servier, Takeda.
Jean-Marie Michot: PERSONAL FEES (Monies paid to you for services rendered, generally honoraria,
royalties or fees for consulting, lectures, speakers bureaus, expert testimony, employment, ad-
boards, etc.): Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Janssen. NON-FINANCIAL SUPPORT (Drugs,
equipment supplied by the entity, travel paid by the entity, writing assistance, administrative
support, etc.): AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis, Gilead, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Vincent Ribrag: Personal financial interests: Honoraria from Infinity Pharmaceuticals, BMS, Eisai,
PharmaMar, Gilead Sciences ; Consulting/Advisory Role for Infinity Pharmaceuticals, BMS,
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PharmaMar, Gilead Sciences, NanoString Technologies, Incyte, BMS, MSD, Roche/Genentech,
Epizyme, AZ, immune design. Research Funding from arGEN-X BVBA ; Patents, Royalties, Other
Intellectual Property regarding BAY1000394 studies on MCL ; Expert testimony for Servier ; Travel,
Accommodations, Expenses from Roche, BMS, AZ.
Fabrice Jardin: Personnal fees : Amgen, Celgene, Roche, Servier, Pfizer. Grants for research : Roche
Foundation, Celgene.
Franck Morschhauser: Consultancy: Roche/Genentech, Celgene, epizyme. Adboard: Roche, Gilead,
Celgene, BMS,Novartis. Scientific lectures: roche, Celgene, Janssen Funding: This study was funded by Epizyme and sponsored by the LYSARC (The Lymphoma Academic
Research Organisation).
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Translational relevance (149 w):
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In
patients older than 60 years, 30-40% will present a primary refractory disease to the standard of care
(R-CHOP) and represent an unmet need. EZH2 mutations and loss-of-function abnormalities in the
SWI/SNF complex are both reported in 20% of DLBCL. They induce an aberrant proliferative
dependency on EZH2 and can be targeted by the oral EZH2 inhibitor, tazemetostat. This phase Ib
study enrolled newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with high risk features (60-80y, high IPI) and
evaluated the safety of tazemetostat/R-CHOP combination. Results suggest that the combination is
safe without increasing toxicity with tazemetostat dosage escalation. Pharmacokinetics are
comparable to R-CHOP and tazemetostat alone. The recommended phase 2 dose of tazemetostat in
combination with RCHOP was the same as tazemetostat single agent, 800mg. Preliminary efficacy
data are encouraging. The combination warrants further exploration in phase II.
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Abstract (245 w) Background: The histone-methyl transferase EZH2, catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex involved in
transcriptional regulation is mutated in approximately 25% of germinal center B-cell lymphomas.
Aberrant proliferative dependency on EZH2 activity can be targeted by the orally available EZH2
inhibitor tazemetostat (EPZ-6438). We report the results of the phase Ib tazemetostat plus R-CHOP
combination (NCT02889523), in patients 60-80 years with newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell
lymphoma. Methods: The primary objective of this dose escalation study was to evaluate the safety
of the combination and to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of tazemetostat.
Findings: 17 patients were enrolled. During C1 and C2, 2 dose limiting toxicities were observed: one
grade 3 constipation at 400 mg and one grade 5 pulmonary infection at 800 mg. Grade 3 or more
toxicities observed in more than 10% of the patients were constipation (24%), nausea (12%) and
hypokalemia (12%). Grade 3 to 4 hematologic AE were recorded in 8 patients (47%): neutropenia
(47%), leukopenia (29%), anemia (18%) and thrombocytopenia (12%). The tazemetostat RP2D was
800 mg. No organ-oriented toxicity increased with tazemetostat dosage escalation (severity and
incidence). At 800 mg, AUC and Cmax of tazemetostat were similar compared to the single agent
study (E7438-G000-101). Interpretation: The RP2D of tazemetostat combined with R-CHOP is 800 mg
BID. The association presents safety and PK comparable to R-CHOP alone. Preliminary efficacy data
are encouraging and further investigations in phase 2 trial are warranted.
Key words: diffuse large B cell lymphoma, EZH2, phase I
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Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
accounting for about 30% of all lymphoid neoplasms. The incidence increases with age, around 50%
of the patients being older than 60 years and almost one third over 75 years[1]. Importantly, despite
their age, the vast majority of these patients are eligible and treated with the standard of care
immunochemotherapy regimen, namely R-CHOP (rituximab (R) in association with prednisolone,
doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine (CHOP))[1, 2]. Age-adjusted IPI (aaIPI), a derivative of
the IPI score based on LDH, stage and ECOG performance status, can stratify the patients at diagnosis
and predicts outcome[3]. In patients older than 60 years, DLBCL can be cured in 50 to 60% of the
cases following first line R-CHOP[4-6] and 30 to 40% will present a R-CHOP primary refractory or an
early relapse disease[7, 8]. Those “poor responders” to R-CHOP have a 1-year overall survival (OS) of
less than 20% and still represent a group of patients with a clear unmet medical need[7]. Among all
DLBCL, elderly patients with a high aaIPI represent the most challenging population with the higher
primary refractory rate leading to poor OS[5, 9].
Epigenetic modulation of histones plays a critical role in oncogenic transformation in many
malignancies and is now an area of intense clinical research[10]. Next generation sequencing of B-cell
NHL genomes has uncovered frequent mutations affecting histone-modifying proteins especially in
lymphomas derived from the germinal center [11]. One of them, EZH2, is the catalytic subunit of the
chromatin remodeling polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and the only human protein
methyltransferase that can methylate histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) leading to the transcriptional
repressive mark H3K27me3. During hematopoiesis, EZH2 plays an important role where it represses
genes involved in cell cycle arrest and terminal differentiation. Later during germinal center (GC)
formation, EZH2 activity becomes increasingly opposed by the SWI/SNF (Switch/Sucrose Non-
Fermentable) chromatin-remodelling multiprotein complex, which facilitate gene expression and
terminal differentiation [12, 13]. Disrupting this differentiation process through hyper-trimethylation
of H3K27, gain of function mutations in EZH2 are reported in 20% of GC B cell lymphoma, resulting in
an aberrant proliferative dependency on EZH2 activity[14-16]. In normal lymph nodes, genetic
deletion or pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 suppresses GC formation in vivo, suggesting that EZH2
plays a key role in GC differentiation and that its inhibition might be active against DLBCL, even
without EZH2 activating mutations[12].
Tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) is a potent, oral highly selective oral EZH2 inhibitor under clinical
investigation. In a first in human phase I trial, tazemetostat demonstrated favorable safety with
uncommon grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse-events (AE) and one dose-limiting toxicity
(DLT) of grade 4 (thrombocytopenia at 1600mg). Durable objective responses, including complete
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responses (CR), were observed in 38% of patients with B-cell NHL. Based on composite evaluation of
AEs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and preliminary anti-tumor activity, the recommended
phase 2 (RP2D) was determined to be 800 mg twice daily [17].
This phase Ib part of Epi-R-CHOP explored the safety and preliminary signal of activity of combining
Tazemetostat with R-CHOP in patients with DLBCL at diagnosis.
Material and methods
o Study design
We performed a Phase 1b open label, multi-center, dose escalation study of tazemetostat (EPZ-6438)
in combination with standard doses of intravenous rituximab plus CHOP in high risk elderly DLBCL
patients (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02889523, Eudract : 2016-001499-31). The study protocol
was approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee at participating institutions in
accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines, including good clinical
practice and the ethical principles originating from the Declaration of Helsinki. A written informed
consent was obtained from all the included patients.
Patients were recruited in 4 LYSA centers and enrolled using 3+3 patients per dose level (starting at
400mg BID) algorithm to identify the MTD and determine RP2D of tazemetostat plus R-CHOP.
Patients received up to 8 cycles of standard R-CHOP regimen every 21 days (rituximab 375 mg/m2
D1, prednisolone oral 40 mg/m2 D1-5, doxorubicine 50 mg/m2 D1, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2
D1, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 D1) in combination with continuous tazemetostat at 400 mg, 600 mg, or
800 mg BID starting on day 2 of R-CHOP cycle 1 (C1) until day 21 of cycle 8. Prevention of febrile
neutropenia was allowed with G-CSF, according to the ASCO recommendations[18]. Valacyclovir and
cotrimoxazole prophylaxis were mandatory. Dose adaptation was allowed after the first 2 cycles
(DLT period). A full list of the dose adaptation rules is provided in the supplemental appendix.
o Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Eligible patients were aged between 60 and 80 years and had been diagnosed with an untreated high
risk DLBCL (aaIPI 2-3). Other eligible criteria were: ECOG performance status of 0-1, adequate renal
function (creatinine clearance > 40mL/min), bone marrow function (ANC ≥ 1,500/mm3, platelets ≥
75,000/mm3, hemoglobin ≥ 9g/dL), liver function, left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%. Patients
were excluded if they presented a central nervous system or meningeal involvement, had received
prior treatment with any EZH2 inhibitor, any previous lymphoma treatment, or had any conditions
that might compromise their safety or the study according to the investigator. A full list of
inclusion/exclusion criteria is provided in the supplemental Appendix.
o Safety assessment
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For dose escalation purpose, toxicities assigned as dose-limiting toxicity (DLTs) were assessed during
C1 and C2 (42 days) to be able to perform pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of R-CHOP component with
and without tazemetostat (cf bellow). The DLT set includes all patients having signed their informed
consent and who completed at least C1 and C2 unless the discontinuation reason was a DLT.
Consequently, patients who did not receive 85% of tazemetostat-planned doses for another reason
than DLT were not evaluable and replaced.
For adverse events (AE) assessment, clinical examinations and laboratory safety tests were obtained
prior to drug administration, every week during the 2 first cycles (and at day 2 and 4 of C1 for blood
cell counts, BCC), before each cycle of treatment, and up to 28 days after the last study treatment
administration. AEs/TEAEs (treatment emergent AE) type, severity, duration and seriousness were
assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
[NCI-CTCAE] v. 4.03. Laboratory abnormalities were assessed according to the NCI-CTCAE v. 4.03. A
DLT was defined as an AE or clinically significant abnormal laboratory value attributable to
tazemetostat or to the combination of tazemetostat and R-CHOP and unrelated to disease
progression, intercurrent illness or concomitant medication.
After completion of C2 in each cohort, all available safety data were reviewed by a Safety Review
Committee (SRC) and the decision to proceed (or not) to the next dose cohort was made. If 0 out of
3, or 1 out of 6 patients demonstrated DLT(s), then enrollment proceeded to the next dose level. If 2
patients in any cohort demonstrated a DLT(s) during cycle 1 or 2, enrollment stopped and dose
escalation was discontinued. The dose would have been reduced to the previously completed dose
level for which no more than 1 DLT had been observed. The highest dose level resulting in one or
less of six patients with DLTs was considered as the MTD/RP2D.
o Preliminary anti-tumor activity assessment
Tumor assessment was performed at baseline, after 4 cycles (CT scan) and after cycle 8 by PET-CT
according to the Lugano classification[19].
o Pharmacokinetic analysis
Serial blood samples for PK analysis were collected on C1D1, before any tazemetostat intake, and
C2D1, after 1 cycle of tazemetostat, for doxorubicin (DOX), its major metabolite, doxorubicinol
(DOXol), vincristine and cyclophosphamide (CP). PK results were compared using the C2/C1
geometric mean ratio (GMR) and 90% confidence interval (CI) for area under the curve (AUC) and
Cmax values after R-CHOP alone (C1) or R-CHOP plus tazemetostat (C2). PK analysis of tazemetostat
was performed at C2D2 and compared to tazemetostat PK as single agent (E7438-G000-101).
o Molecular analysis
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Nucleic acid extraction was performed on FFPE samples according to standard procedure. Gene
expression-based Cell of origin was assessed thanks to RT-MLPA (Reverse Transcription and
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) and sequencing of a panel of 36 genes
recurrently mutated in lymphoma (design provided in supplementary table), done with an amplicon-
based technic as previously published [20, 21].
Results
o Patient characteristics (table 1)
Seventeen patients, enrolled between October 2016 and March 2018, received at least one dose of
tazemetostat R-CHOP (full analysis set). Initial characteristics of the full analysis set are described in
table 1. The median age was 68 years (61-76). The 17 patients had a disseminated disease, 13
(76.5%) with a stage IV and 9 (53%) with 2 or more extra-nodal involvement. LDH were higher than
the upper normal limit (UNL) in all the cases, and all had an aaIPI score at 2. For the 15 cases with
available data for RT-MLPA analysis (2 nucleic acid extraction failure), 8 were classified as GC-DLBCL
NOS , 5 as ABC-DLBCL NOS , 1 as unclassified DLBCL NOS and 1 as EBV + DLBCL
o Dose escalation and DLT assessment (C1-C2):
Toxicities assigned as DLT were assessed during C1 and C2. Two patients (800mg cohort) were not
evaluable for DLT and replaced (1 non-compliance and 1 lymphoma related hepatic cholestasis)
leading to a DLT set of 15 patients. One patient on cohort 1 (400 mg BID) experienced a DLT during
C1 (grade 3 constipation). No DLT was observed on cohort 2 (600mg BID). Another DLT was observed
on cohort 3 (800mg BID): a grade 5 pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) in a context of documented influenza
during cycle 1. This patient was a 67 years old women with medical history of bronchial dilatation
and tuberculosis sequela. The patient had a high tumor burden with a large mass in the cervical area
(>10cm) responsible of an upper respiratory tract compression. During cycle 1, she presented a
neutropenia (grade 3, starting D7) that resolved at D11. She was admitted on D14 to intensive care
unit (ICU) due to grade 4 respiratory distress on a pneumopathy. The final diagnosis of influenzae
and PJ was then performed. Despite respiratory assistance and adapted PJ treatment, the patient
died in ICU on D39. No other DLT was observed in the next 3 consecutive patients treated at the
highest planned dose (800 mg BID), which was considered as the RP2D.
During the DLT period, 2 other SAEs were reported: 1 grade 3 febrile neutropenia and 1 grade 3
hypokalemia.
Non-hematologic AE occurring in >10% of the 17 patients are represented in figure 1A and table 2.
Gastro-intestinal toxicities were the most recurrent (constipation (N=10, 59%), nausea (N=10, 59%),
vomiting (N=9, 53%), abdominal pain (N=5, 29%), diarrhea (N=4, 23%)), followed by neurological AE
(N=6, 35%), infectious (N=6, 35%), weight loss (N=5, 29%), musculo-skeletal pain (N=4, 23%), fatigue
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(N=4, 23%), headache (N=4, 23%) and anxiety, chest pain, cholestasis, hypokalaemia, mucositis (N=2,
12% each)). Most of these AE were of grade 1 or 2. Grade 3 or more toxicities observed >10% of the
patients were constipation, (N=4, 24%), nausea (N=2, 12%) and hypokalemia (N=2, 12%).
Hematologic AE occurring in >10% of the patients were: neutropenia (N=8, 47%), anemia (N=7, 41%),
leukopenia (N=7, 41%) and thrombocytopenia (N=2, 12%) (Table 3). Grade 3 to 4 hematologic AE
were recorded in 8 patients (47%): neutropenia (N=8, 47%), leukopenia (N=5, 29%), anemia (N=3,
18%) and thrombocytopenia (N=2, 12%).
No organ-oriented toxicity increased with tazemetostat dosage escalation (severity or incidence).
More particularly, only 2 grade 3-5 infectious AE occurred including 1 febrile neutropenia.
o AE during C3 to C8 (figure 2A and 2B):
Fourteen patients were treated after the DLT period. When compared with C1-C2, the incidence of
hematologic AE during C3-C8 was stable with neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia reported
in 42.9%, 50% and 21.4% of the 14 patients respectively. Grade 3+ hematologic AE reported by more
than 10% of the patients were leukopenia and neutropenia (28.6%) and thrombocytopenia (21.4%).
Incidence of grade 3 thrombocytopenia was higher but did not necessitate platelet transfusion. No
febrile neutropenia was observed. No grade 3 or more non-hematologic AE occurred in more than
10% of the patients. One patient presented with 2 SAEs after the DLT period: one acute
pyelonephritis with staphylococci bacteremia with a grade 1 renal failure and a post lumbar puncture
syndrome.
In conclusion, no serious organ-oriented toxicity was observed after the DLT period.
o R-CHOP and Tazemetostat administration
R-CHOP relative dose intensity (RDI) (table 4)
R-CHOP RDI was calculated as the ratio between the total dose received by the patient and the
planned dose for each started cycle. The results are presented in table 4 and shows that the mean
administration dosage for each R-CHOP component, except vincristine, was close to 100%. Indeed,
94%, 100% and 100% of the patients received more than 90% of the expected dosage of rituximab,
doxorubicine and cyclophosphamide respectively. However, significant reduction of vincristine
dosage (i.e 50% of dose reduction) was necessary in 7 patients (41%, due to peripheral neuropathy
and/or constipation) that received less than 75% of the expected dosage.
The duration between D1 of each cycle was stable throughout the treatment and between the 3
cohorts (mean time between C1 and C2 was 21.4 days versus 22.8 (range 19-24) days between C7
and C8 (range 21-28).
Tazemetostat RDI after the DLT period (cycle 1 and 2)
During the DLT period (C1 and C2), 2 patients in the 800 mg cohort received less than 85% of the
expected dose due to reasons not related to AE (non-compliance and lymphoma related cholestasis)
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and were replaced, another patient had a grade 5 infectious DLT. The C1-C2 RDI was greater than
90% for the remaining patients.
Fourteen patients were treated after the DLT period: 1 stopped tazemetostat at C4 (investigator
decision) and 13 received 8 cycles of tazemetostat-R-CHOP. For the C3 to C8 cycles, the median
tazemetostat RDI remained greater than 90%, except at C7 for the 400mg cohort (median RDI 69%)
and no significant reduction in mean dosage administration could be observed within dose escalation
for the treated patients.
For the full analysis set, the average total missing daily dose of tazemetostat per patient (17 patients)
was 9.4 (1-29) and 13 patients had a temporary interruption with at least one caused by an AE in 7
(total missing dose 11.8 in average) whereas oversight was the only reason in 6 patients (total
missing dose 7.8 in average). AE leading to treatment temporary interruption all recovered.
Pharmacokinetic analysis
Plasma concentration-time profiles of DOX, DOXol, CP, and vincristine are presented in
supplementary figure 1. Tazemetostat had no significant impact on DOX and DOXol AUC and
although Cmax of DOX was lower after administration with 800 mg tazemetostat relative to
administration without tazemetostat (GMR 0.68; 90%CI 0,47-0.99), Cmax of its metabolite, DOXol,
was similar (GMR 0.928; 90%CI 0.691, 1.25), suggesting no significant effect on the metabolism of
the drug. CP AUC was similar in the 400 mg cohort (GMR 1.05; 90%CI 0.87-1.26) and slightly lower in
the 800 mg cohort (GMR 0.83; 90%CI: 0.77-0.9)) with a similar Cmax (GMR 0.89; 90%CI 0.74-1.07).
Importantly, we did not observed any increase in haematological toxicities associated with this
slightly decreases in AUC, suggesting no meaningfull impact. At 800 mg, AUC (3590 vs 3340 ng*h/mL)
and Cmax (782 vs 829 ng/mL) of tazemetostat were similar compared to single agent study (E7438-
G000-101). Plasma vincristine concentrations were not adequate to calculate reliable PK parameters
in all subjects, given that vincristine was the last component administred. However, there appeared
to be no effect of tazemetostat administration on vincristine concentrations (see supplementary
figure 1). These data suggest no significant drug-drug interaction between doxorubicin,
cyclophosphamide, vincristine and tazemetostat.
o Preliminary Anti-Tumor Activity Data (figure 3)
At time of analysis, the median follow-up was 20.6 months, 14.5 months and 7.5 months in the 400,
600 and 800 mg cohort respectively. Out of the 17 included, 1 died at cycle 1 (AE), 1 discontinued
the treatment due to investigator decision and 2 for reasons other than AE or progression (non-
compliance and lymphoma relatd cholestasis), and were considered as non-responder, and 13
completed the 8 cycles of treatment and reached a metabolic CR (mCR, Lugano criteria). Therefore,
the mCR rate was 76.5% (13/17). During follow-up, 2 patients presented a relapse. One early relapse
was salvaged by R-ICE regimen followed by an autologous stem cell transplant and reached second
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CR. One late relapse is under salvage treatment (R-DHAOX). Eleven patients remain in CR (CR
duration 2 to 14 months).
o Molecular Analysis
DNA and RNA were successfully extracted for 15 patients. The most recurrently mutated genes were
CREBBP (N=8 cases), BCL2, MYC and PIM1 (N=4 cases each), CARD11, EZH2, FOXO1, TNFRSF14, TP53
(N=3 cases each) (supplementary figure 2). The 3 EZH2 mutated cases had a GCB phenotype in
RTMPLA. Among them, 1 died at C1 (infectious related death), 1 was excluded and not evaluable for
response (lymphoma related cholestasis) and 1 reached a CR. Among the 2 relapsing patients, none
had an EZH2 mutation and both presented a TP53 mutation (with PLCG2 and IRF4 for one and
MYD88 for the other).
Discussion:
Epi-R-CHOP is the first trial to evaluate the PK and safety of the combination of the EZH2 inhibitor
tazemetostat, and R-CHOP, in previously untreated high-risk elderly DLBCL. This phase Ib study with a
prolonged DLT period of 42 days was unable to identify a MTD and 800 mg BID was considered as the
RP2D, identical to tazemetostat dosage in monotherapy.
In this high-risk elderly DLBCL population, 1 patient discontinued the treatment due to DLT at C1
(grade 5), 1 due to investigator decision at C4 (DLT experienced at C1). Two other patients
discontinued the treatment during C1 due to reasons other than DLT (non-compliance and
cholestasis related to the lymphoma).
The most recurrent AEs were cytopenias and gastro-intestinal toxicities. Importantly, the incidence
and severity of neutropenia and anemia did not increase with time. However, grade 3-4
thrombocytopenia were slightly more frequent during C3 to C8 (21.4%) vs C1-C2 (11.8%), but no
platelet transfusion was necessary. The incidence of neutropenia is in line with other R-CHOP studies
such as the recent GOYA trial that reported 38.1% of grade 3 to 5 neutropenia [6]. In GOYA 7.5% of
the R-CHOP treated patients presented a grade 3-5 anemia, which is similar to the incidence
reported in Epi-R-CHOP between C3-C8 (7%) whereas the incidence during C1-C2 (17.6%, 3 patients)
was slightly higher in Epi-R-CHOP. This might in part be related to the initial characteristic of the
population in EpiRCHOP as 2 of these 3 patients presented an initial grade 2 anemia. Of note, 100%
of the patients had a high-intermediate or high IPI score in Epi-R-CHOP versus 42% in GOYA.
Importantly, this did not result in a high rate of red blood cell transfusion (only 10 RBC transfusions
for the 110 cycles, including 2 at diagnosis) and the dose intensity of the R-CHOP backbone was
maintained. Finally (supplementary table 1) the incidence of cytopenia, and more particularly of
febrile neutropenia, does not exceed what is reported in phase Ib trials combining R-CHOP with
other targeted therapies [22-27] in this elderly population. In Epi-R-CHOP, G-CSF prophylaxis might
explain the low incidence of febrile neutropenia and severe infectious events. We observed one
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Epi-R-CHOP
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grade 5 infectious event due to a PJ infection in a context of documented influenzae 10 days after
the treatment initiation in a patient presenting a background of pulmonary fibrosis. Although the
event was regarded as a DLT, the link with the study drug is very unlikely. The global incidence of
17.5% of grade 3-5 infections (N=3), including 11.7% (N=2) of febrile neutropenia, does not exceed
what is reported in the literature for R-CHOP or R-CHOP combination trials. Indeed, in the recent
GOYA trial, 19.2% of the patients presented a grade 3-5 infectious and 17.5% a grade 3-5 febrile
neutropenia. Furthermore, when treated with venetoclax, vorinostat, ibrutinib, lenalidomide,
bortezomib or polatuzumab vedotin plus R-CHOP 33.3%, 38%, 18%, 9.5%, 13.5% and 18% of the
patients presented a febrile neutropenia respectively [22-27, 30].
Constipation, nausea and vomiting were the most frequent non-hematologic AEs in this elderly
population (59%, 59% and 53% respectively) with 24% and 12% of grade 3 constipation and nausea
respectively. The severity and incidence of constipation seem to be higher when compared with
other trials (42% in ibrutinib-RCHOP, 33% in venetoclax RCHOP, 38% in vorinostat-RCHOP, 26% in
polatuzumab-RCHOP) and led to the first DLT (stercoral stasis). Consequently, as opposed to the
other R-CHOP components, vincristine dosage reduction was applied in few patients. The higher
incidence of GI toxicities might in part be explained by the study design that collected AE every week
during C1 and C2 but also by the older age of the patients, as the elderly population is more subject
to constipation with vincristine-based chemotherapy[28]. Based on PK analysis, there appeared to be
no effect of tazemetostat administration on vincristine concentrations to explain the incidence of
constipation. No significant drug-drug interaction between doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and
tazemetostat was found either. These GI AE were not reported in tazemetostat single agent (3% of
constipation, grade 1-2 only) [17]. The GI adverse events are probably explained by the exhaustive
weekly collection of the AE in this elderly population that received 8 cycles of R-CHOP. A reduction to
6 cycles of RCHOP, ie the recently accepted new standard of care in this population[6], should be
considered in the phase II part of the trial. Improvement in concomitant medications and anti-emetic
prophylactic measures are clearly warranted in this elderly population treated with chemotherapy
[28].
The PK-related risks of the study included the risk that tazemetostat would induce doxorubicin and
cyclophosphamide metabolism to the more active species and increase toxicity. All in all, the data
presented here indicated that the toxicity of RCHOP was globally not increased with tazemetostat.
The PK analysis of the main R-CHOP drugs suggest a similar metabolism of the anthracycline (with
identical DOXol PK in C1 vs C2) and modest modification regarding cyclophosphamide (similar Cmax
and lower AUC for at 800mg (MGR 0.83)) that might warrant further investigation. However, the
absence of increase in the haematological toxicities are reassuring and suggest no relevant
consequences on cyclophosphamide metabolism when combined with Tazemetostat. Furthermore,
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Epi-R-CHOP
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vincristine is a CYP3A substrate, with a non-active primary metabolite, and tazemetostat is a weak
CYP3A inducer[31], suggesting that vincristine drug exposure should not be increased with the
association.
Preliminary anti-tumor activity data showed a mCR rate of 76.5% (13/17 of the included patients,
and all the 13 evaluable patients that completed the 8 cycles of tazemetostat-R-CHOP were in mCR).
Two relapses were observed in the EZH2 wild type population, both presenting a TP53 mutation.
Although exploratory and reflecting only preliminary data, this rate of mCR is encouraging
(supplementary table 2) and supports the necessity of a phase 2 trial.
In conclusion, the phase Ib Epi-R-CHOP study showed that the combination of R-CHOP plus
tazemetostat is generally well tolerated and the addition of tazemetostat to R-CHOP does not appear
to substantially change the expected R-CHOP toxicities. The MTD was not reached and the RP2D of
tazemetostat combined with R-CHOP is 800 mg BID. Based on these results, further investigation is
warranted and the expansion phase 2 Epi-R-CHOP study for 60-80 years old patients with newly
diagnosed aaIPI 1 or higher DLBCL will be enrolling shortly.
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Tables: Table 1: Patient characteristics in the full analysis set.
Full Set N=17 400mg, N=6 600mg, N=3 800mg, N=8
Sex Female/ Male
11 / 6
4 / 2
1 / 2
6 / 2
Age, y Min-Max Median
61-76 68
63-76 66
61-75 73
61-72 68
Ann Arbor Stage I-II III IV
0 3 14
0 0 6
0 1 2
0 2 6
ENodal site >1 Yes No
9 (53%) 8 (47%)
6 0
0 3
3 5
LDH > UNL 17 6 3 8
ECOG PS : 0-1 >=2
17 0
6 0
3 0
8 0
IPI : 0-1 2 3 4-5
0 0 8 (47%) 9 (53%)
0 0 0 6
0 0 3 0
0 0 5 3
aaIPI : 0 1 2-3
0 0 17
0 0 6
0 0 3
0 0 8
Bone Marrow : Involved Non-Involved NA
1 12 2
1 5 0
0 3 0
0 4 2
Histology : DLBCL Transformed FL
15 (88%) 2 (12%)
5 1
3 0
7 1
Abbreviations: Ly: lymphoma, NA: not available, aaIPI: age-adjusted international prognostic index,
LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, UNL: upper normal limit, PS: performance status, ENodal: extra-nodal,
FL: follicular lymphoma
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Table 2: Non-hematologic (Hem) AE during DLT period
Are presented AE that occurred during the DLT period (C1 and C2) in 10% or more of the patients
and all grade 3-5 events.
Abbreviations: AE: adverse event, DLT: dose liminting toxicity, Abdo: abdominal, Tox: toxicity
Neurological AE refers to post lumbar puncture syndrom (N=1, 1 AE), dysgeusia (N=2 patients, 3 AE),
neuralgia (N=1 patient, 1AE), peripheral neuropathy (N=3 patients, 3 AE). Among the 8 neurological
AE, 1 was considred as related to tazemetostat (Dysgeusia), 1 to both tazemetostat and R-CHOP
(peripheral neuropathy) and 6 to R-CHOP.
Non-Hem AE Safety Set, N=17 400mg, N=6 600mg, N=3 800mg, N=8
Grade All ≧ 3 All ≧ 3 All ≧ 3 All ≧ 3
Constipation 10 (59%) 4 (24%) 3 (50%) 2 (33%) 2 (67%) 1 (33%) 5 (63%) 1 (13%)
Nausea 10 (59%) 2 (12%) 4 (67%) 2 (33%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%) 4 (50%) 0 (0%)
Vomiting 9 (53%) 1 (6%) 4 (67%) 1 (17%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%) 3 (38%) 0 (0%)
Neurological tox. 6 (35%) 0 (0%) 3 (50%) 0 (0%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%) 1 (13%) 0 (0%)
Infection 6 (35%) 1 (6%) 1 (17%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 4 (50%) 1 (13%)
Abdo. pain 5 (29%) 0 (0%) 1 (17%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 3 (38%) 0 (0%)
Weight decrease 5 (29%) 0 (0%) 2 (33%) 0 (0%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%) 1 (13%) 0 (0%)
Muscle pain 4 (24%) 0 (0%) 1 (17%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 2 (25%) 0 (0%)
Diarrhoea 4 (24%) 0 (0%) 2 (33%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 1 (13%) 0 (0%)
Asthenia 4 (24%) 1 (6%) 2 (33%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (25%) 1 (13%)
Headache 4 (24%) 0 (0%) 2 (33%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (25%) 0 (0%)
Anxiety. 2 (12%) 0 (0%) 1 (17%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Chest pain 2 (12%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 1 (13%) 0 (0%)
Cholestase 2 (12%) 1 (6%) 1 (17%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (13%) 1 (13%)
Hypokaliemia 2 (12%) 2 (12%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (25%) 2 (25%)
Mucositis 2 (12%) 0 (0%) 1 (17%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
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Table 3: Hematologic AE during DLT period
Hem. AA Safety Set, N=17 400mg, N=6 600mg, N=3 800mg, N=8
Grade All ≧ 3 All ≧ 3 All ≧ 3 All ≧ 3
Neutropenia 8 (47%) 8 (47%) 4 (67%) 4 (67%) 1 (33%) 1 (33%) 3 (38%) 3 (38%)
Anemia 7 (41%) 3 (17%) 4 (67%) 3 (50%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%) 1 (13%) 0 (0%)
Leukopenia 7 (41%) 5 (29%) 4 (67%) 3 (50%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%) 2 (25%) 2 (25%)
Thrombocytopenia 2 (12%) 2 (12%) 2 (33%) 2 (33%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Are presented AE that occurred during the DLT period C1 and C2 in 10% or more of patients and all grade 3-5 events.
Abbreviations: AE: adverse vent, DLT: dose limiting toxicty
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Table 4: relative dose administration.
RDI 400*, N=6 600, N=3 800**, N=8 Total, N=17
Prednisone
>90%
Mean
5 (83%)
99.6% (SD 8.9%)
3 (100%)
100.7% (SD 4.8%)
8 (100%)
101.9% (SD 8.2%)
16 (94.1%)
100.9% (SD 7.6%)
Rituximab
>90%
Mean
5 (83%)
95.6% (SD 10.8%)
3 (100%)
98.1% (SD 2.5%)
8 (100%)
100.5% (SD 5.6%)
16 (94.1%)
98.3% (SD 7.5%)
Vincristine
<75%
75-90%
>90%
Mean
1 (17%)
1 (17%)
4 (66.7%)
90.2% (SD 13.6%)
2 (66.7%)
1 (33%)
0 (0%)
66.7% (SD 15.7%)
4 (50%)
0 (0%)
4 (50%)
78.9% (SD 22.9%)
7 (41.2%)
2 (12%)
8 (47%)
80.7% (SD 19.8%)
Doxorubicine
>90%
Mean
6 (100%)
100.3% (SD 3.1%)
3 (100%)
98.3% (SD 3.6%)
8 (100%)
101.8% (SD 7.4%)
17 (100%)
100.6% (SD 5.5%)
Cyclophosphamide
>90%
Mean
6 (100%)
100.3% (SD 3.02%)
3 (100%)
98.1% (SD 2.2%)
8 (100%)
100% (SD 5.5%)
17 (100%)
99.8% (SD 4.2%)
R-CHOP component relative dose intensity (RDI) was calculated as the ratio between the total dose
received by the patient and the planned dose for each started cycle.
*:1 patient discontinued the treatment at C3.
**: 3 patients discontinued the treatment at C1.
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Figures legends: Figure 1 A: non-hematologic AE reported by more than 10% of the patients, during cycles 1 and 2,
and all grade 3+ AE.
Abbreviation: AE: adverse event
Frequency: number of patients presenting the AE/number of patients included in the safety set
(N=17).
Figure 1 B: Hematologic AE reported by more than 10% of the patients, during cycle 1 and 2, and all
grade 3+ hematologic AE
Frequency: number of patients presenting the AE/number of patients included in the safety set
(N=17)
Figure 2A: non-hematologic AE reported by more than 10% of the patients, during cycle 3 to 8, and
all grade 3+ AE.
Frequency: number of patients presenting the AE/number of patients treated after C3 (N=14)
Figure 2B: Hematologic AE reported by more than 10% of the patients, during cycle 3 and 8, and all
grade 3+ AE.
Frequency: number of patients presenting the AE/number of patients treated after C3 (N=14)
Figure 3: swimmer plot representing the follow-up and treatment response for the 17 patients.
This swimmerplot shows the quality of response and follow-up for the 17 included patients. On the
left part of the plot are indicated the cell of origin status as assessed by RTMLPA (GCB: germinal
center B or ABC: activated B cell. Of note, one case was a RTMLPA failure and was GCB as assessed by
Hans algorithm (GCB*). One case had a DLBCL with T-cell rich subtype signature (T_rich), and a non-
GCB phenotype based on Hans algorithm. EZH2 mutational status is also displayed on the left side as
mutated (MUT) or wild type (WT). Among the 17 included patients, 13 had a final response
assesment. Among the 4 cases not evaluable for response (early protocol discontinuation), 1 died
from treatment related toxicity (infection), 1 patient stopped the protocol due to investigator
decision post AE at C3, 2 were excluded at C1 (1 due to non-compliance to the study drug, and 1 to
cholestasis lymphoma related).
Abbreviation: CMR: complete metabolic response, PMR: partial metabolic response.
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Epi-R-CHOP
22
Acknoledgments: we thank the patients and their family. The LYSARC and Alexia Schwartzmann for
managing the study; all the LYSA investigators and centers for including patients; The LYSA-P and
Nadine Vailhen for managing the central review and biological studies. Elodie Bohers (NGS),
Pascaline Etancelin (banking) and Pierre Julien Viailly (bioinfo) from the U1245 Centre H.Bequerel for
the sequencing analysis.
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Published OnlineFirst March 2, 2020.Clin Cancer Res Clémentine Sarkozy, Franck Morschhauser, Sydney Dubois, et al. (DLBCL) patients with poor prognosis featuresR-CHOP in newly diagnosed Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma A LYSA Phase Ib Study of tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) plus
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